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Digestive System
ST120Concorde Career College, Portland
Digestive SystemObjectives:
Define the term digestion. Describe the functions of the digestive
system.
Digestive SystemObjectives:
List and identify the structures of the digestive system and describe the function of each.
List and identify the accessory structures of the digestive system and describe the function of each.
Digestive SystemObjectives:
Describe the importance of adequate nutrition.
Describe the mechanism by which the digestive system helps to maintain homeostasis.
Digestive SystemObjectives:
Describe common diseases, disorders, and conditions of the digestive system including signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and available treatment options.
Demonstrate knowledge of medical terminology related to the digestive system verbally and in the written form.
Digestive SystemDigestion
Mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic process by which ingested food is converted into
material suitable for use at the cellular level.
Digestive SystemFunctions of the Digestive System
Digestion
Absorption
Note: The digestive tract is also referred to as the alimentary tract or canal.
Wall of the Digestive Tract
From outermost to innermost Serosa (visceral
peritoneum) Muscularis (2
layers) Submucosa Mucosa
Peritoneum
Parietal - lines the abdominal cavity
Visceral - covers the organs
Mesentery
Fanlike peritoneal fold that is attached posteriorly and attaches to the small intestine
Contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic structures
Mesocolon
Fanlike peritoneal fold that is attached posteriorly and attaches to the large intestine
Contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic structures
Diseased Mesocolon
Greater Omentum
Flap-like peritoneal structure containing fat that extends from the greater curvature of the stomach to the pelvis
Torsion of the Greater Omentum
Lesser Omentum
Extends between the lesser curvature of the stomach and the liver
Digestive Organs
Organs of the digestive tract (pathway)
Accessory organs
Main Structures of the Digestive Tract
Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small
Intestine Large
Intestine
Oral Cavity
Functions: Ingestion Prepare ingested items for digestion Begin digestion of starch
Oral Cavity
Teeth
Deciduous Permanent Structure
Mastication & Deglutition
Mastication Salivary glands Muscles
Deglutition Muscles
Salivary Duct Stone
Pharynx and Esophagus
Convey ingested items to the stomach
Deglutition
Note movement of food bolus
Impacted Esophageal Food Bolus
Stomach
Divisions Curvatures Sphincters Muscles Rugae Gastric
Juices Chyme
Rugae
Gastrectomy Specimen
Stomach Interior
Goblet Cells - Produce mucus
Parietal Cells - Produce hydrochloric acid
Chief Cells - Produce pepsin
Small Intestine
Duodenum Jejunum Ileum
Villi
Large Intestine
Cecum Ileocecal valve Vermiform appendix
Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum Anus
Colectomy Specimen
Colectomy Specimen (Opened)
Rectum and Anus
Rectum Valves of Houston
Anus Anal columns Anal sinuses Anal valves Internal sphincter External sphincter
Accessory Structures
Liver Gallbladde
r Pancreas
Liver
Largest glandular organ in the body
RUQ Two main lobes
(right and left) Two small inferior
lobes on the right
Gallbladder
Located on the inferior surface of the liver
Stores bile
Biliary Tree
Biliary Tree
Pancreas
Endocrine gland Exocrine gland Extends from
the duodenum (head) to the spleen (tail)
Digestion
Breakdown of foods into usable substances
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy: visualization of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
Colonoscopy: visualization of the inner surface of the entire colon from the rectum to the cecum.
Sigmoidoscopy: visualization of the sigmoid colon
Capsule endoscopy: a tiny video camera in a capsule that the pt. swallows. For 8 hrs it passes through the small intestine and transmits images of the walls of the small intestine.
Endoscopic Procedures
Colonoscopy
Diverticulosis: the condition of having diverticula small pouch or sac occurring in the lining or wall of
a tubular organ such as the esophagus or colon Enteritis: inflammation of the small intestine
caused by eating or drinking substances contaminated with viral and bacterial pathogens Gastroenteritis
Irritable bowel syndrome: (IBS) unknown cause with symptoms that include cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, and/or diarrhea.
Intestinal Disorders
Diverticular Disease
Gastrectmy Cholecystectomy Whipple pancreatectomy Diverticulectomy Ileectomy Jejunectomy Duodenectomy Colectomy Sigmoidectomy Proctectomy
Some Procedures