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Protein Synthesis
DNADouble strandedComplimentaryComposed of
Nucleotides
DNA replicationDNA Helicase – breaks
hydrogen bonds holding complimentary strands together
Forms replication fork Leading strandLagging strand
DNA ReplicationDNA is read 5’ to 3’
Leading Stand
Helicase -> RNA pimase -> DNA polymerase
Lagging Stands
Helicase -> RNA primase -> DNA polymerase -> okazaki fragments -> DNA polymerase cleans up RNA primase strand -> DNA ligase
MovieReplication
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072943696/student_view0/chapter3/animation__dna_replication__quiz_1_.html
http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/dna-replication-advanced-detail
Protein Synthesis 2 parts
Transcription To copy segment of
DNATranslation
To translate the language of nitrogenous bases into amino acids
RNA vs. DNADifference between mRNA and DNA
Single stranded vs. Double stranded The sugar has an extra oxygen, ribose vs.
deoxyribose Uses uricil “U” instead of thymine
TranscriptionProduction of mRNA
RNA primase binds to DNA at a promoter region
RNA polymerase adds bases copying the gene
MovieTranscription
http://www.dnalc.org/resources/3d/13-transcription-advanced.html
PackagedmRNA is processed to leave the nucleus
Extras are cut out Splicosomes
Introns Exons
Poly-A tail 5’ cap
TranslationmRNA has left the nucleus.Binds with ribosomemRNA -> tRNA -> amino acids -> folded
proteins
What’s the Problem?mRNA
UGGCUUGCAUGCCGGAGUCCACGUAAUCA
Into Amino acids
AUCG
Amino Acids
TranslationtRNA consists of a
Anticodon – 3 bases that match codonAmino acid
Codon – 3 base sequence on mRNA
TranslationmRNA -> tRNA -> amino acids -> proteins
TranslationmRNA
UGGCUUGCAUGCCGGAGUCCACGUAAUCA
MovieTranslation
http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/translation-basic-detail