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All life depends on the availability of usableenergy. This energy is released when

(1) organisms convert solar energy into thechemical energy found in food molecules(2) respiration occurs in the cells of producersand high-energy molecules enter the atmosphere(3) cells carry out the process of respiration(4) animal cells synthesize starch and carbondioxide

LIFE PROCESSES

What is a living thing?

• Imagine that you are space traveler who lands on an unknown planet. How could you determine if what you are looking at is alive.

What are the life processes?

• NUTRITION• TRANSPORT• RESPIRATION• EXCRETION• SYNTHESIS• GROWTH• REGULATION• REPRODUCTION

Key Concepts

• Metabolism – all the chemical activities an organism must carry on to sustain life.

• Homeostasis – the maintenance of a stable internal environment in spite of changes in the external environment.

Nutrition

• ingestion - obtaining food from the environment

• digestion (processing food for use by the organism).

• egestion (removal of solid wastes)

Nutrition - Ingestion

Nutrition - Digestion

Nutrition - Egestion

TRANSPORT

• Ability to absorb and circulate materials to the cells.

– Oxygen absorbed into the bloodstream– Oxygen circulated to the cells– Oxygen absorbed into the cell

TRANSPORT

RESPIRATION

• The process of releasing energy

• Glucose (blood sugar) is broken down, and the energy released is stored as ATP.

• Energy released by the compound ATP is used to perform life functions.

RESPIRATION

• Plants and animals use the oxygen in the air to turn food into energy.

RESPIRATION

RESPIRATION

• Human Respiratory System

EXCRETION

• Removal of cell waste from the organism.

• Exhaling, Urinating, Sweating

• Wastes include water, carbon dioxide, salts, and nitrogen.

EXCRETION

SYNTHESIS

• small molecules combine to form larger ones.

• Photosynthesis– CO2 + H2O + sunlight = C6H12O6 + O2

SYNTHESIS

• Combining 2 glucose molecules to make a larger maltose molecule

GROWTH

• An increase in size – increases in cell size– Increase in cell number.

• The raw materials for growth are the products of synthesis.

GROWTH

GROWTH

REGULATION

• The control and coordination of life functions.

REGULATION

• Nucleus• Brain

Stimuli

• All living things respond to changes.

• Eg. Plants grow towards the light.

• Eg. People react to the temperature around them.

Stimulus

REPRODUCTION

• The production of new individuals.

• Necessary for the survival of a species.

• Not necessary for the survival of the individual

REPRODUCTION