Eastwick Park:Connecting with Darby Creek

Andrew C. HayesLarc. 8153 Fall 2011

Site Design

2S i t e De S i g n

Design Introduction.

Darby Creek formed the backbone of the settlements of Tinnicum, Sharon Hill, and Folcroft. The Eastwick Park, created in mid-1970s as part of the Eastwick neighborhood, The Clearview Landfill, an unregulated landfill east of the current park primarily operated between the 1950s and 1970s with periodic illegal dumping continuing to today. Built directly upon the tidal marsh and former floodplain of Darby Creek the landfill eliminated marsh habitat and constricted the stream bed and floodplain. The remaining portion of the floodplain was filled to form the basis for the Eastwick development and park setting the stage for frequent flooding.

The creek that once provided habitat for migratory birds, fish, and marsh dwelling animals became filled with a variety of toxic wastes and landfill materials. Today it is part of the Lower Darby Creek Superfund Site and slated for a comprehensive cleanup effort under the direction of the EPA.

This design explores opportunities to restore Eastwick Park for the betterment of the people of Eastwick and to restore a sense of balance to the riparian systems. Can a landfill remediation project provide recreation, habitat, flood mitigation, and cleanse Darby Creek?

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S i t e De S i g n

Filling the floodplain to form the Eastwick neighborhood and park. (Temple University Urban Archives)

Darby Creek, once lined with mature forests and flowing with clean water. (Temple University Urban Archives)

Swimming in Darby Creek (Temple University Urban Archives)

4S i t e De S i g n

Context Plan.

j o h n h e i n z W i l D l i f e

P h i l a D e l P h i a a i r P o r t

f o l c r o f t

e a S t W i c k

D a r b y c r e e k

c o b b S c r e e k

c l e a r v i e W l a n D f i l l

f o l c r o f t

l a n D f i l l

t h e c l e a r v i e W l a n D f i l l a n D t h e e a S t W i c k n e i g h b o r h o o D a r e l o c a t e D W i t h i n t h e l o W e r D a r b y c r e e k W a t e r S h e D a n D o n t h e b o r D e r o f P h i l a D e l P h i a a n D D e l a W a r e c o u n t i e S .

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S i t e De S i g n

t h e l o W e r D a r b y c r e e k o r t i n n i c u m W a t e r S h e D i S D e P i c t e D b y t h e r e D l i n e . W i t h i n t h i S W a t e r S h e D t h e g r e e n a r e a S S h o W t h e f r a g m e n t e D n a t u r e o f g r e e n S P a c e c o m m o n t o u r b a n i z e D a r e a S .

b l a c k a r e a S i n D i c a t e v a c a n t l a n D S a n D r e P r e S e n t t h e S i g n i f i c a n t o P P o r t u n i t i e S f o r r e D e v e l o P m e n t W i t h i n t h e W a t e r S h e D . l o c a t e D o n a P r e c i o u S r i b b o n o f g r e e n S P a c e , t h e c l e a r v i e W l a n D f i l l a n D e a S t W i c k P a r k c o u l D b e k e y l i n k a g e S t o g r e e n W a y S f o r b o t h h u m a n S a n D W i l D l i f e .

c l e a r v i e W l a n D f i l l

6S i t e De S i g n

Site Opportunit ies and Constraints

S t r e a m S c o n n e c t i o n S

c e m e t e r yn a t u r a l r e c r e -

l a n D f i l l 1 / 4 m i l e

b u i l D i n g S l a n D u S e

S i t e a n a l y S i S W i t h i n 1 / 4 m i l e o f t h e P r o j e c t

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c o n n e c t i o n S c o m P o S i t e

c e m e t e r yn a t u r a l r e c r e -

r e S i D e n -c o m m e r -

S c h o o l

m a j o rm i n o rl o c a l

l a n D u S e r o a D SS i t e a n a l y S i S W i t h i n 1 / 4 m i l e o f t h e P r o j e c t

8S i t e De S i g n

Concept, Inspirat ion, and PrecedentTo many of the residents of Eastwick Darby Creek is simply something that rears up and delivers muddy polluted water to their doorstep with each hurricane or winter storm. Even relatively minor events bring saturated conditions to Eastwick Park,as shown in the photo to the right. People who were drawn to the Eastwick Neighborhood for its suburban feel are now faced with very real flooding problems and a park that is rendered unusable in places for much of the year. Perhaps Rhonda Hill sumed it up best when describing why she moved to Eastwick in the film Toxic Waters. She says that it was “a little bit of suburbia in the City”. Add to the very visible flooding problem the lurking menace of toxic pollutants from the Clearview Landfill, part of the Lower Darby Creek Superfund Site, and the problems become monumental. Ms. Hill dramatically described the park as the “land of the shadow of death”. The residents who use the park at times however are justifiably concerned over the continued use of it. The creek, once an integral part of the landscape for residents on the east side of Darby Creek has been cut off by a landfill only to be seen when dangerously flooded. The photo below shows a flotilla of trash heading down Darby Creek toward the Delaware River and into the John Heinz Wildlife Refuge. With the site’s location in the lower reaches of an urban watershed, vast quantities of debris arrive with every storm. Can these issues be overcome?

The answer is a resounding yes. Eastwick Park: Connecting with Darby Creek presents a series of design interventions that protects public health, provides increased access to a vibrant reinvisioned Eastwick Park, reduces flooding, creates habitat for wildlife, cleans the creek, and educates the public on nature and their watershed. Artful landforms, the opportunity to once again connect with a healthy riparian system, and improved athletic facilities form the core of the plan. A program initially inspired by technical and social needs creates a great opportunity from this great liability.

Inspiration for the marsh habitat and landform came from Old Mans Creek in Pedricktown NJ, one of the largest intact freshwater marshes in the northeast. See the photo at right.

P h o t o : a n D r e W h a y e S

P h o t o : a n D r e W h a y e S

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In seeking out inspiration for the landform that accommodates large volumes of fill, Hargreaves Associates’ design for Byxbee Park in Palo Alto, CA was a remarkable example of massive scale artful landforms. Shown to the right, this design uses high ridges for views and drama along with sweeping landforms to draw the participant into wondering what is at the top of the hill and around the corner.

River Heights Parklands, designed by EDAW, is an excellent example of an urban waterfront park that acknowledges flooding and uses elevated walkways to keep participants out of harms way with flood waters yet permits stream side viewing of the events. During calmer times visitors

can venture to the the water’s edge via a flood tolerant lower walkway. Taking the spirit of this design into the master plan for Eastwick Park, active recreation areas are located directly adjacent to the restored marsh system and vantage points are created for observing high and low flow days on Darby Creek.

Alliance Landfill in Taylor, PA has been successfully exploring the use of shrubs and trees on top of a conventional geocomposite landfill cap system. As shown below and to the left, this treatment permits the use of excellent habitat creating vegetation with forms that can screen undesirable views and portions of the landform. The Operational Landscape Plan for Fresh Kills Landfill

prepared by Andropogon Associates, 1990 was key in designing vegetation patterns that would decrease the mass of the landfill in places and frame key views in others. With the creation of a landform as high as 75’ above the elevation of surrounding residents yards and athletic areas, these guidelines fostered breaking the landform into rooms linked by a path system.

Photo credits: Byxbee Park, Hargreaves Associates; River heights Parklands, HVC at Panoramio.com; Alliance Landfill, Andrew Hayes

10S i t e De S i g n

I l lustrat ive Master Plan

D a r b y c r e e k D e b r i S c l e a n e r

c o n S o l i D a t e D c l e a r v i e W l a n D f i l l , P e r i m e t e r S h e e t P i l e c o n t a i n m e n t ,

v e g e t a t e D c a P S y S t e m

l a n D f i l l a c c e S S b r i D g e

S o c c e r f i e l D & P a r k i n g f a c i l i t i e S

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S i t e De S i g n

D a r b y c r e e k W a t e r S h e D c e n t e r

h i l l t o P v i e W S o f c e n t e r c i t y

W e t l a n D , m e a D o W , a n D W o o D l a n D t r a i l S y S t e m S

n e W a t h l e t i c c o m P l e x W i t h i n D o o r m u l t i - u S e c o u r t S

e a S t W i c k c o m m u n i t y a n D e n v i r o n m e n t a l e D u c a t i o n c e n t e r

c a S c a D i n g W e t l a n D b a S e D l e a c h a t e t r e a t m e n t S y S t e m

r e S t o r e D W e t l a n D S a n D f l o o D b y P a S S c h a n n e l

12S i t e De S i g n

Grading Plan

r e S t o r e D t i D a l m a r S h W i t h D e n D r i t i c c h a n n e l f o r m

c o n S o l i D a t e D c l e a r v i e W l a n D f i l l , P e r i m e t e r S h e e t P i l e c o n t a i n m e n t , S l o P e b e n c h e S , e a S e D t o P S l o P e S

l a n D f i l l a c c e S S b r i D g e & r o a D

S o c c e r f i e l D & P a r k i n g f a c i l i t i e S

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S i t e De S i g n

S P i r a l W a l l v o r t e x S t r e a m c l e a n e r W i t h a c c e S S r o a D t o W a t e r S h e D c e n t e r

l i n k i n g t r a i l S y S t e m

h i l l t o P v i e W S

D o W n S t r e a m f a c i n g e n t r a n c e t o D e t e r D e b r i S

e a S t W i c k c o m m u n i t y a n D e n v i r o n m e n t a l e D u c a t i o n c e n t e r o v e r m a r S h

r e c r e a t i o n a r e a c a n t i l e v e r e D o v e r m a r S h

r e S t o r e D W e t l a n D S a n D f l o o D b y P a S S c h a n n e l

c r e e k & c l e a n e r v i e W f r o m a b o v e f l o o D l e v e l S

14S i t e De S i g n

Sectionsb l a c k l o c u S t t r e e S &

n o n - n a t i v e v e g e t a t i o n

c o n S t r i c t e D S t r e a m c h a n n e l W i t h h i g h f l o W v a r i a t i o n

e x i S t i n g t i D a l m a r S h P e a t b u r i e D b e l o W f l o o D P l a i n

S i l t S a n D f i l l m a t e r i a l S

n a t i v e v e g e t a t i o n c a P S y S t e m W i t h t h i c k e n e D P r o f i l e a t W o o D e D a r e a S

P e D e S t r i a n b r i D g e a n D o v e r l o o k o f c r e e k a n D D e b r i S c l e a n e r

r e S t o r e D m a r S h

D e b r i S c l e a n e r W i t h o u t f l o W S t r u c t u r e

e x i S t i n g

P r o P o S e D

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S i t e De S i g n

e x i S t i n g l a n D f i l l W a S t e

e x i S t i n g f l o o D i n g o f h o m e S

b e D r o c k

c o v e r e D P e a t m a r k i n g h i S t o r i c S t r e a m &

W e t l a n D l o c a t i o n S

n a t i v e S o i l S & S a n D S b u r i e D b e l o W l a n D f i l l W a S t e

c o n S o l i D a t e D & c a P P e D W a S t e

a D D i t i o n a l f l o o D S t o r a g e i n r e S t o r e D m a r S h

b e D r o c k

t r a i l S y S t e m

P e r i m e t e r S h e e t P i l e S y S t e m t o i S o l a t e W a S t e

f r o m g r o u n D W a t e r f l o W

16S i t e De S i g n

Flood Mitigation & Marsh Restoration

1 9 3 7

2 0 1 0

i n t h e e a r l y 2 0 t h c e n t u r y t h e a r e a n o W o c c u P i e D b y t h e c l e a r v i e W l a n D f i l l W a S t i D a l m a r S h W i t h a W i D e f l o o D P l a i n a r e a . f l o o D f l o W S h a D r o o m t o S P r e a D o u t W i D e a n D m u l t i P l e c h a n n e l S t o f l o W t h r o u g h . f l o o D h e i g h t S W e r e l i k e l y c o n t a i n e D W i t h i n t h i S h i S t o r i c c o n D i t i o n . a D D i t i o n a l l y t h e W a t e r S W e r e c l e a n e D a S t h e y P a S S e D t h r o u g h t h e m a r S h v e g e t a t i o n . t h i S m a r S h S y S t e m i S f o u n D S o m e W h a t W i t h i n t h e c o n f i n e S o f t h e j o h n h e i n z W i l D l i f e r e f u g e . a S S e a l e v e l S r i S e i t i S t h r o u g h t h a t t h e m a r S h v e g e t a t i o n a n D a n i m a l S W i l l a t t e m P t t o m o v e u P S t r e a m .

a S t h e l a n D f i l l P r o g r e S S e D t o W a r D i t S c u r r e n t f o r m t h e f l o o D P l a i n W a S c o n S t r i c t e D S u c h t h a t t h e f l o o D P l o W S h a D t o P a S S t h r o u g h a n a r r o W e r f l o o D P l a i n a n D o n e c h a n n e l S e c t i o n . t h e S e f a c t o r S h a v e c o m b i n e D W i t h a m o r e u r b a n i z e D W a t e r S h e D t o c r e a t e S i g n i f i c a n t l y h i g h e r f l o o D e l e v a t i o n S a n D t o b r i n g t h e f l o o D W a t e r S t o r e S i D e n t S f r o n t D o o r S . t h i S D e S i g n i n t e r v e n t i o n S e e k S t o r e c r e a t e P o r t i o n S o f t h e e a r l i e r f l o o D P l a i n c o m P o S i t i o n t o r e D u c e f l o o D e l e v a t i o n S a n D t o P e r m i t t h e m a r S h S y S t e m t o c l e a n t h e W a t e r a n D t o P r o v i D e a D i v e r S e e c o S y S t e m f o r t h e S P e c i e S n o W f o u n D o n l y W i t h i n t h e j o h n h e i n z W i l D l i f e r e f u g e . t h e r e S t o r e D a r e a W i t h i n e a S t W i c k P a r k c o u l D b e t h e r e f u g e f o r t h e l a S t r e m a i n i n g f r e S h W a t e r t i D a l m a r S h W i t h i n t h e P e n n S y l v a n i a a S S e a l e v e l S r i S e .

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S i t e De S i g n

t h e e a S t W i c k P a r k P l a n P r o P o S e D t o i n t r o D u c e a c o m m u n i t y a n D e n v i r o n m e n t a l e D u c a t i o n c e n t e r a D j a c e n t t o t h e r e c r e a t i o n c e n t e r a n D o v e r t o P o f t h e r e S t o r e D m a r S h . b u i l D i n g P r e c e D e n t S i n c l u D e t h e c u S a n o e n v i r o n m e n t a l e D u c a t i o n c e n t e r ( a b o v e ) a t t h e j o h n h e i n z W i l D l i f e r e f u S g e a n D t h e D u P o n t e n v i r o n m e n t a l e D u c t i o n c e n t e r ( r i g h t ) i n W i l m i n g t o n D e l a W a r e . b o t h b u i l D i n g S i n c l u D e P o S t f o u n D a t i o n S a n D S u S t a i n a b l e m a t e r i a l S . t h e D a r b y c r e e k W a t e r S h e D c e n t e r b u i l D i n g W o u l D b e o f S i m i l a r c o n S t r u c t i o n b u t o u t o f t h e f l o o D P l a i n a n D u S e a S t a n D a r D f o u n D a t i o n .

D u r i n g o n S i t e i n t e r v i e W S a n D t h r o u g h a S t a k e h o l D e r S u r v e y c o n D u c t e D b y t e m P l e u n i v e r S i t y , c o u r t b a S e D r e c r e a t i o n S u c h a S b a S k e t b a l l a n D v o l l e y b a l l r a n k e D h i g h o n t h e l i S t o f P r e f e r r e D a c t i v e r e c r e a t i o n P r o g r a m e l e m e n t S , P a r t i c u l a r l y f o r W i n t e r u S e . t h e e a S t W i c k P a r k m a S t e r P l a n c a l l S f o r t h e c o n S t r u c t i o n o f a r e c r e a t i o n b u i l D i n g W h i c h W i l l h o l D m u l t i -u S e c o u r t S f o r c o m m u n i t y a n D l e a g u e P r o g r a m S .

a c u r v i n g P r e c a S t c o n c r e t e b r i D g e l i n k S e a S t W i c k P a r k t o t h e W e S t S i D e o f D a r b y c r e e k a n D t h e D a r b y c r e e k W a t e r S h e D c e n t e r . t h i S b r i D g e W i l l f u n c t i o n a S a n e l e v a t e D o b S e r v a t i o n P l a t f o r m f o r t h e S t r e a m a n D r e S t o r e D W e t l a n D S D u r i n g n o r m a l a n D D u r i n g f l o o D . D u r i n g h i g h W a t e r e v e n t S i t W o u l D S e r v e a S a n i D e a l l o c a t i o n t o W a t c h t h e S W i r l i n g W a t e r S o f t h e D e b r i S c l e a n i n g e D D y a S i t c a P t u r e S D e b r i S a n D l i f t S t h e m f r o m t h e r i v e r .

Proposed Structures

18S i t e De S i g n

Project Phasing

T o d a y : t h e l a n D f i l l r e m e D i a l i n v e S t i g a t i o n P h a S e i S c o m P l e t e a n D u n a c c e P t a b l e r i S k S t o h u m a n h e a l t h W e r e f o u n D t o e x i S t . t h e P r o j e c t i S i n t h e f e a S i b i l i t y S t u D y P h a S e .

P h a s e 1 : t h e r e m e D i a t i o n W o u l D h a r v e S t t r e e S f o r r e u S e W i t h P a r k e l e m e n t S , r e m o v e P o l l u t e D S o i l f r o m t h e P a r k a n D c r e e k , c o n S o l i D a t e t h e l a n D f i l l , a n D c o n S t r u c t t h e S h e e t P i l e W a l l a n D c a P S y S t e m .

P h a s e 2 : S o i l e x c a v a t e D f o r c l e a n i n g W o u l D n o t b e r e P l a c e D a n D a D D i t i o n a l S o i l e x c a v a t e D t o P r o v i D e a D D i t i o n a l f l o o D S t o r a g e a n D a b y P a S S c h a n n e l t o r e D u c e t h e f r e q u e n c y o f f l o o D i n g i n e a S t W i c k . P h a s e 3 : e x c a v a t i o n o f W a S t e f r o m t h e c r e e k & c o n S t r u c t i o n o f t h e D e b r i S c l e a n i n g e D D y W o u l D c l e a n t h e c r e e k a n D P r o v i D e e D u c a t i o n a l o P P o r t u n i t i e S f o r t h e D a r b y c r e e k W a t e r S h e D c e n t e r .

P h a s e 4 : t h e c o n S o l i D a t i o n e f f o r t i S e x P e c t e D t o u n c o v e r o l D m a r S h a r e a S t h a t c a n b e r e S t o r e D . n a t i v e P l a n t i n g S W o u l D b e i n t r o D u c e D t o r e S t o r e D S t r e a m e D g e S a n D o n t h e c a P S y S t e m .

P h a s e 5 : c o i n c i D e n t a l W i t h P o r t i o n S o f t h e e c o l o g i c a l r e S t o r a t i o n a n D a f t e r W a r D S , t h e n e W a t h l e t i c f a c i l i t i e S , c o m m u n i t y c e n t e r , t r a i l S y S t e m , a n D P l a y g r o u n D S W i l l b e c o n S t r u c t e D .

P o s T o c c u P a n c y : P o S t o c c u P a n c y m o n i t o r i n g W i l l b e r e q u i r e D u n t i l t h e P l a n t c o m m u n i t i e S a r e e S t a b l i S h e D a n D S e l f S u P P o r t i n g . S t r e a m b a n k S W i l l b e S t a b l i z e D W i t h a P P r o P r i a t e r i P a r i a n S P e c i e S a n D m o n i t o r e D f o r b a n k S t a b i l i t y a n D P l a n t l o S S D u e t o f r e q u e n t f l o o D i n g . f r e S h W a t e r t i D a l m a r S h a r e a S W i l l b e m o n i t o r e D f o r g r o W t h a n D S m o t h e r i n g o f P l a n t m a t e r i a l D u e t o D e b r i S a c c u m u l a t i o n . W a t e r f o u l P r o t e c t i o n m e a S u r e S f o r v e g e t a t i o n W i l l b e m a i n t a i n e D f o r t W o g r o W i n g S e a S o n S . l a n D f i l l c a P a r e a S W i l l b e m o n i t o r e D f o r S l o P e S t a b i l i t y , e r o S i o n , a n D P l a n t e S t a b l i S h m e n t t o i n c l u D e P r o t e c t i o n f r o m D e e r b r o W S i n g . P o S t h i g h f l o W e v e n t i n S P e c t i o n S W i l l b e r e q u i r e D f o r t h e D e b r i S c l e a n i n g e D D y t o e n S u r e a D e q u a t e o P e r a t i o n o f t h e D e v i c e . e D u c a t i o n a l P r o g r a m S S h o u l D b e i n S t i t u t e D t o m o n i t o r t h e P e r f o r m a n c e o f P l a n t a n D a n i m a l P o P u l a t i o n S b e g i n n i n g P r e - c o n S t r u c t i o n . a f r i e n D S n e t W o r k i n c o n j u n c t i o n W i t h t h e f i e n D S o f t h e j o h n h e i n z W i l D l i f e r e f u g e a n D D a r b y c r e e k W a t e r S h e D a S S o c i a t i o n i S S u g g e S t e D . i n t e g r a t i o n o f m o n i t o r i n g P r o g r a m S W i t h l o c a l S c h o o l S a n D u n i v e r S i t i e S i S S t r o n g l y e n c o u r a g e D .

T h e P r o j e c T P r o P o s e s a P h a s e d a P P r o a c h s u c h T h a T h u m a n h e a T h r i s k s a r e a d d r e s s e d f i r s T , f o l l o w e d b y T h e r e s T o r a T i o n o f T h e n a T u r a l a n d r e c r e a T i o n a r e a s .

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