ECCS 73 Practice for Composite Slabs

8/3/2019 ECCS 73 Practice for Composite Slabs

1/65


2/65

ECCS'CE.CMIE IKS

IE!JBO P E A i~~CONVEN rIIC lIr'" j IF 'O iR ()QNST :RU enONAL STE f.lWO iRKCONVENi IC~ I ~UF lOPEE IN ,NE:D E L A C(jN6T:RUOli,~ON MI~ l .ALUQUEEIJ R 0 IPAd.$ . C~E K.ONilE Nr~ONl IF0 F !; Sf AHLBA 1I

IE .CCS- TechJli'c a l COlm'mUtee 7 - Wo rk in g IGrQup 7.,6Compo ,s i t e S h l : O , S .

Good Oonstructlon Practicetor Oomposlte Sla:b,s,

F~RSTEDnllONI


3/65

AI ! t igh ts resQi 'Vod. N'Dp la it a U h ls publ ietUion "UIV DS 'rep roduoed . S '~c ll rodn 8 r ,a t f~evah;ysh! 'm , our' l l .n5mh,~d in , l in)' form'o r b o y a f l Y ~e:e,ns;!. ' lh)O'lron~o" . m e ( e : ! l a . i ' d ~ l , pho tocopy Ing ' . , , r e o o < r d l l n S i , e m Qlh~l\I \ i ' isQ. wil l i: ii l' iU U'l il pr tor permiss:ionl of I I 'M ' J !Copy r i gh t l ow 'ne r :,'E!OCSce.CMEi(,S

l~nali'8J~ Se('; ! t t1t,i l f i lat,AWie nY (I' d O B 'Ombu3g i e , l Ij, 321316, bt,jii 2 .08 - 12 0 1 0 BRU iSS III.. ' (B ' i'd ~ g ih ~m )'Tel. 9 : 2 1 2 ' ; ' 1 6 : 2 04 :29 'lf ia:( 3:2/2'6:2 09 35 i

I !CCS, i lI i ISSiymf i~ 111:01a bil~ y w ilh 1I I0SP i liC l 10 1110 'U'!!U~fgf a n y ~ p lk ;il ,1 1 iQ n o f Ih ~ lii1;;!ltGiria:!ilnd i ll ll if~rmB t io l i! ,oof l ta inad ifililhispub l !ea l ion .


4/65

Summ,a r yThi , s , docun1 .en~ ls 'w ritten f or desilgner,s., W'chh!eCIS"s i te engi ,n eer s, 'f o remen , operat ives buHdi ing owners,a nd p otem i,a ~ c us to mers . T h h; h u:h .lid es p ers on nel eo neern ed w ith ,s~eel.C O R c r , g t e a nd o th er ~ub~C( l n t r a c~on . ,' O n l y a B i e l e n ] 1 kflo;viledge o f b u I I d i r l , g c o nlsuiJl,c,t~onis 3 S ; S I J I n e d . A s s 1 I . H : : I 1 , ~e v e r y e f f o , p t : 1 i II , a si l e e n :M a d e Itoelitm inate,aU fo rm ub li and ba,ekground thf!:(try. Coml,ructlon. te:e'hni:ques,. pr aCHC6$ and . values art: no t:I H l l f t i c u . l a : r Ii() a ny d ed d n,g . T lT lh ;,d o c~me nr cOI'l l( l l i ins rules , 3 n d ptact ices c (l v ,e ri l l , g m o s t d e c k~ n g avail:ableo n t h e : 5 'U I "o p ,e a nma : r k e , t and f o r Ehenmdori ty ,o f t l i u - : : i r p O I e lu :i a l : u s e s .A . li st ef ,es sen ti al: i ! i l i f c , . m , a ; ! l On that sho'uldl :b e flI\'.aI.labl~ ~O' site, p ' e r , $ ( ; I i [ l D f : ; l is G iv en . E'!!;ampled'f .awi~gssp e~ mc.a nJ fo .r compos i t e s labs are ,Pro 'V 'ided.~ f1s; t riU~t :]o . l: ls on th e p ro per ' way ' [ 0 , reeelv e, s to re: ,al~ .Iift( f ( ; l i c ~ d f B I g t i l ldies a r e 1 ' 1 ~ ' V i e w : e d l . G o o d praetlees fo r p , a m i J p ! a c : , e m e n t .ali ld ' f a s t - c n L n g ' t o t h e u n d e d y i n g f r a r a ea r e p r e se n t . e d l . . .Addi l t ional f D .S ten ln s n eed ed , w h en p aJ n~ ls ;are' used a s in-plane b!:",i)tlng ,arc : inc 'luded. T:yp i i;a l,c on st ru ct: io n l oa ds d m t , a n , p laeed on .h .e d i e e l d n g w hen used a s a , ~ e : Q ' il 'c m : tf y work ing I lhuform are I , . i s t o o . E s s en l hd i :n fm lt la fi o ~ Q ' 1 i I p e r : m m i r : B : , ~ n t an d [em po ra r.y sup perts is p r e s ,e n te d l. P : r o p ie r i m i ; :a U . a li o f l t .l ! 't h n l q u e sF or shear connec to rs a re rev iew ed , T hls rev iew in cludes: bcn h sho t.;f1 r~ (;Q 'ld~ fo rm ed af!g ~ei and w '~ ldedJh ~ ad ed s ted s, S h e a r OQnn:e~~orsn eed ed w h en ( : i o n s u u c f w n g in s eb ir nic r eg h :m s iscQ:vl. lred. Typ i c a ] i n t : I . U " I D O rand e X l e r l o r edge c l , c l i 'l I H s 3 r c g i v " ! . I ' ~ . C O m I 1 1 0 f D p r a C : E : ~ e e s ' f O , f , O p ~ I 1 I ] j ' f i . , g : s , b o ~h Ila rg e: a n d smtd l l a rt r , ! ! ' v l e w e d .Re: in fo r ', eeRlen t p raeuees a n d r e q u i r e m e n ts ,are I J 'M e d . T h ~ s , i : n c l . l ! d a s n l 1 l : s h : r ,e i n r Q n , ; em r . :: n , lt addliti ionuli pos i~h r ,~~pd negi\~i, , , '~moment r ei n tb r c ,emen ( ,. r ei n fo r !; emem near orpeniings ,IIRd ad dItion.all r ! i n f o . r c e R l : ! u n fo r fiire, r e . s i S l . I l l I T l c e .Concrete typ ,~ \St c O l 1 1 c [ i j . ti ~ g p r a c t ic e s and OO r l , C I ' 1 ! ! : t , e C { H i 'l S t : r ~ u . : : t io r l leads a r e : deraUed. ' T h i s Inciudese ea ere se p la eem ,e ru Ib )' p 'u H lp ,in g a nd by s'kiip. P ra ct ic es w h k hs ho ui ld i be o bserv ed ! w hen attachin,gb:r:a~keltsand serv ices ,a re rev iew ,ea . T yp ica l ~onmucdon l imnls 'th llit m ay b e p i : a c e d ,o n ' t iH! c o m p o , s i ' t e S la b a fterc : u d ~ g a r e f , e ~ Y ie w ' e c J , L~s ' t : ly . the p ro p e :. r i : l 1 s t a . l h ' t , t i o n o f lh e , r I 1 ; u l l , ,a~ot:l,stk,and f i in ~ i .l 'i ! . s u. a d o . n a re p r e s , e n :t e d .

C e d o ~umei il t, e st r~digt pour l ee s concep l eUfS , , ai c h it ;e c te !l '~ i n . g ~ n i e t l l i s d : e c l 1 a n t .i fJ i l i; ] ' l e r s o nm , . e l de e f1 . a rn : i r . l ; t ' ,r n a tt re s d ' o euv r ,e , m ~ r t r e s d "ouv rage a ins l I q u re t . O L lS ]':$ ui[i~lsateurs p o u m H e l : s des s yS t~ n l e s d e d aH esm lx te s . . C le ~ a ln e tu r le p er so n n el d es en tr ep rls es deC lo i il~ ln t ( :Uo l i" l.m ~tam que. e s , e l 1 l l i r p ! " : i : s ~ s d e , g ro s : O C ; '! .! V f \ 0e t d e : s e~o n do e u vre . -SlU.l l~e s d e s c o n .n : a is s ,a n c e s g ~ l I 1 ~ t a l e s d i e I a t e e h n i i q u e d u bad m , e : n : t ,SOI l~ m ~ c e s : ~ m j r e s . D ' , j , 1 n 5 c e t t e o i J : ) t " i : Q ! i . 1 ! e . ~OI JSl es , ef fo r ts o n t ~t~ f a: it s p o ur ~ n m i n e r G U t e ; > ; , u , ~ :,~ f O f m u h ~ s : e f [ r~: f~n" ' IC!eS,' [h~ol. ' i ,q:u:".Lstoohnj,q,ues d iecons!t ructkl l l l I . l e s p r 3 lt iq u .e s ~ I ~ ,e .s a le u r s : i . n d iq tu ! e s dans ee d :o :cumMt n e s e n t pas i ; ; ; a " i . c u 1 ' : i ~ [ e . s . ~ d e s tI lesn e, rv ur ~es , s p~ ;cH iq ues .. L e deeumen t Icomi,en~ :Ies Ii~,gle's et lespra, ti:q~I'~ 'e a ~v r3 in [ I,a :, m@ J o r i. li d i des l l i rodui t sdisponib le-s s Y r h ~ ma r,c h ' eur'op~ef! a . n s i , qu~ Ea,majod~jfdeh~ 'Urs u ti :l :i s :u ions . potent ieUes. 11 donne u : n ! 1 !I ls re d es h:lfol'ma,tiolls, p tb :n ()r d ~ al es q u l d ,o lv cm ,!,ue ~e,eslSjbles , S lU : p e t s G : l l t h ~ l d ie cllan' l ler,s e t c on tie rn t desfig:urespn~SenUJf:il des S.i,tU2tio!!ls sp~c.if1,Qj~esde daUes mb: .~e s, .I I iamnj l [ , ~ I e s il1isl;ructio~s s ~ r la mal i1 i~ re d ie: i ' e c e , p [ i o , n l i i l l i l r , . s toeke r e t lever c o r , n : c u ~ m , e l u ~ ' e . s fard,eaux.Les u : ! ~ h n f q u r e s d e p o s e el d e f ix ,a t iofisur Ila,smlc~ure; s o m p r ! i s e i n l [ : r ! l e s , . L O I I ' , s q u . e I C ' . S t U e s n e l . " v O f ; \ t ! i e s ,g ,on[ U [ w I i : s : t s p o u r p r o d u i r e u : n e(iel d [ aphn ,gme d a n sta S l r l l ( : t u r e ~ d es fl ;;t :n :i on s sUJilJ.d6me~ntaiiresscm n~ce' ssa iNtS et les i n f o r m a f i l l J i ! 'l s co r . r e s p O ! 1 : d a nt es ; s on t'd o n n ~ e s , . : L , e dOi::lJmenltfourrnit: u~e :1s m e d ~ cha:rg,~s. Q 0 1 J ! ! " . l 1 n t e s de c h a m i e r l I . utiiUserlnr-sque l e - s ~ l e sae rvu rees serve lil{ c o , n u n e p l a , t e : ~ : f ( H . m e . s , u . ~ m p o f ' . ! l l r e 5 ,d e [ [ ' , a v a . i t Le s : i ! l f o ! 1 : ' 1 l i I 3 t i o n ! l , e : s s e f l i d e U e s SUirles,!lIPPuisprovisoi.res et dtnn,hif-s S . O n : ( p. r t !~en~~es ,ainsi q ue ' l i es : t ~ e h n i q l l l e - s d',insta:Uations s p , l ! i o U 1 q u e l i pour te s: a I i i l Cn I : ge . . ; S ,C,eLa c 'O m p re~d ~ Iia f o i s ]e:s cec hn iq ues r ela dv cs : a u x connectt! 'urs du t ype ,clou,l!s. aex gotiJoms ,l:in ld ~~ set lea a nc ra ges n 'c es sa ir es ~:HRir' U l t i l I s ! n i o n en r~ gi(i,n , s i s . m i q ~ e : - s . D es (M ~aU s;C t i f i . s t r u c t i f - s . SOl:lJtprt !sent(!sp0'Uli '12 rdalisadml d e s cOSt~erese ' i < t ~ r i e u . r e - s ' et in t ir iieures , . L . , e s pra: t ique5~courantes de r f 5 a i E i s a d o n .d e t r ~ . m : i. e , p { e ~ i t e - s 0\1. g m r u : :: l e - s s o n t r m s s d e s e n r e v u e ,
mailto:,[email protected]:,[email protected]:,[email protected]


5/65

L a . . I 1 l 1 i s e e ,n , o e u v r , e e t te s r~gl.~sr~Uuiv(!S : a u ) t .11lat!IlIFI!!:l,SO:n~, p re :s ,e li ' l . ~ 6 e~ . C e la i n c 1 lJ t ~ .e :s k 'e H li , s t ] ~a T m a i t u n ~ : s de r e n f o n s S O I J i Smomen t po,sh;f'm'l n~gari , f~lesarmatures de t rer l[tmt: pr~s d e s cnJverrures e tt r~mie \S 2tllSi gu~ '~esarmatuf'tS p O l J l r l a . r~;s ish '!rn~e~ :~"imlcertdie, .Les t yp~s de b~ t ( l n~ le'S methodes deb t ! t ' o . l r n i I l i a g e jet te s charg!e~ d e : b ~ u :m e n phaslt! de c!)FJisnl'U(!lli,t)n SQfi! \di:s:cut~s. Ce~a. i~ .c lu t . l a m . is e e I'J ..oeu~t,e:[ : N U i ' p i jrm~al ge au par tr~ mi e. Les c ha rg es : tQur ramw ;: d e . >CQ~~l ruc th )n~u i p 'e !l lv , ~ ij t ex i S le r s lJ r~e 'Planc~e:r:m lx ~e a p'r~ s ~ a p rjse d !Jj.b~[()F1S O ' I 1 [ , p'rts,enl: lt i~5.Les, : p . r a t i q u e s . qlJi. idoive~t I!~i'e 'Cib!l.ei 'v~a:sors:q:l!!e 1 , O D f i x , el es c r oe h ,e ts i @ ; [ a 'p p a r~ i ~ s d e servi,cie sam r~,per~!Clri~s.F i n . a l e ; m e n t . , le s l~$~alla~ioJ1s ,s p ~ e: tf jq :u es pOU t 1 ' i s l l : la t ion theli ' r l l lque. 1, ' iSio]a~io '~li:b~iOOUsU!qUl~elOUt' ~3[1~s~sta:nce.~ : 1 ' ~ i Ii lCe i! cl bs en t p oop G s r t ! e s .

ZusamluenfassunaD ieser Le~~f:M en w urde m.r KonS!fLlktlIflil. Archltekterr, ,B i ilu l eih3 t; Po l . .'er0! F a c h a ir b e i ' l '~ r , E ! ,a u h em " l n . unldSO l i l i s t i g ' e : p o t i e n t h l ! ] Ie A n w e : n d e : r g e s c hd e b e.n.[ '),ul1'lJe:bl;re Il, das ' b e t e ~ ! i s lie P ' , e 1 " s a n : ( l I l1 1 0 1 1 1S t a h I bau~undB t l ! l O n b a u - f i r : m e n s o w i e : anlGe'reri b ie tmn~i je :n Stlbnm!lrn~h!ii! le!1i, E : s w e r d '( l: ! : ll o u r di,eGrnndk'n~tf!i.~~e d esB . a U w e 'B e l f lS v o r r au s g e - s s tz t . d . h , . , e s w u l : I d . e : be;~Qndersd a o r a : l l f g e a c h ~ e t ~ . dh ! A:ngabev ,of i : F o rm e l n ! ! l i n dIh ii l"QreHsch~~ G : r' tm d : l 1 i !g 1 ~ i ! '! : ; / l . 1 ! : ! . v~fm~id~:Q,D~~ ti]er gan;llliU:i~~nW'rlst(lul1a:iwn A u s r u h r u n g : s a n e n , P ~ 3 : k : t : ik e ' l lund D aten ! ll in l~ nic ll t s pe:z :ifis ch W I ' e i n ,~ W 1 I . bestinm.nnen Profil tafeh,YP. s O ! [ l d ! , e r P i dioo ,erleitfade~ umfaH tR egeln und Prak tik ,e:f~ . w ie s i e f u r tile" I I H : d s t e n ffo:flhafeiln d,es ~rol'llUsehen Maddes un o d~iI'enH ;m ~ t : a n r w e n d u n g s g e ! b i e l : e , g e : 1 e n ,, D i ew ~ s e n !U i c h ~ n I~tbrm.a:I!io~en., d : i e d ~ I U E h ' l y s ~ e n e : l : i ! p e r ~ o n i 1 l 1 : z ~ r V e r r u lg :u n g c s~e ln~n mi jasse ll 'j werdea3 , l l f g I l l U s t , e t . lu~d ( n~ :mr V e r b l ; ! ! 1 ! c l d i f l ! c k ~ E l l y p i s > t ; : h e n J A . I J S f i lh : I 1 ; J l lg s : z e i , d t Il U l r i g e n W I ( i I lQ t ! : l l l ir n .Be:isp]eil~n'Io rg es~ e:H t.. P lit d as g e e : i g V l e l l e ; V orgehe:n bel der A nnahm.e:. der LllIgerungund dem He'ben "i lQrIProf i l ta ife~~P:ale;l~ene , r d e n - A.l! lwe'~sungel]gegebeij.Ebeh:sc' werden d le Pril,k;t: ikenbelm Verl i'e, gen undBe fe,c st ig en d !a rP ro fil .t af el rn a uf der U n tc lf kC fi nS tl ~k ti o~ bescllilr'~e.b!!Il. .zuslll:z:.llkh!i:V,~rb.hn1.ulng!!tn.~d i .l l: ,mr d i ,~A , u s b i ld l ( i l t :l g v o n . S c h u t lf e ;h : il , ~ n ; ! b r e n ~ l , i g t , we:rderl"sind d a t H j : j b~ric:li:;si~h.I.ig,t,Die ubUche:n Las:t~lh dh~mB a u z m n a r : : u : f f i :au:f d ~ 1 : l . v {jrn be.rg eh l~ml a ls Arb!. l ; iU;bmuile d i iGn~mjaf l P~of i l t a~ ! l l ] nabges~e]h w~r~eni~ word'~:nebe l ' ! J f a . l l . s aufgellsttt..F l i t ' d l e A u s b i 1 1 1 1 1 :1g d e : r A u ! l a g e r 'tI n d ! d e r H ii~s . u m ~ e r s t ! i t . 2 : u n . g : e n . d e r Pf()cf iUl fe~n w e rd en w i c h i ~ I g ,e 1 - 1i n w 0 1 s l eg e s e : b e n . Esv#~,rdei1: g e e l S i : l e t e M o n t a i g e t e c l i l m i k e r n M r V e r b l;m d m i u e ,l b e s ( :h ir ie b e f : l " Dies s c h U e ; B t S C i l w o h ld ] 'e ,m i [ S'r.nzboJzt}nbdesl. ig:H~~"k a ] l v c e r f t J v m t e n S'ebe:nkeld:Obe~, a ls .luc h d i,e ges)chwe:Ult!lnfC:oplbo]~e:ndijbcle in , V e r .a n k e r lim g s .m a B ' l 1 a . h m ; ~ ,u i 1 l ~ d ie b el Bm ~ten .In .Erdbebengebi ie ten erfurder li ch , s ind.w,efdem ebenf:allsb e h . i ! J ( ! ! d i ~ , l, PY ; r d i ~ k o : n s ~ l f l , ; ! k ~ i y,e .A.~:S bild~m,g !der 'i nl"!~r~nund at!Jl~!i 'e~D~ckeJ! r,~mler w erden d ~ety:p i!'lche:nD ~ti!i!is vClrge:S[f l: I I~.E s , \ v i r d ! ~ i n Ober l :d i rek ibe r di ie :gebFa.~nllc li il cn k . ()Dls~ruk t1vtn M a O , n m m e n , b e l k 1 . e , i i n e l 1 i u n d , g m O f , l : r I[ )e c l t e n a :u s : s p a n . l . n g ! e l1 l g e : g e b e n . P r a .k t i . k e n t l l l d . , A n f c rd e r l 1 ! n g e :n . b e l z ;u s ! i : l z li c :~ e r B ! 8 ! 'N e h m n , g a u : ; B e l ' O l s t . : m 1w , e rd e rm 3 IJ :I g ez a hU . D a Y l : 1J . geMnl [ l d ie Sc;l i1Iwi~dibgwehiiUingjzusi lZ, i isl;l,e!3eweh:llIng z u r A1!!Ifinllhmeposit~ve:rUf:lJdne:g,a:liiverMome :n ~ e. F J ew e lu ~ ng a n ,de:n ,R.ndern VO I l )\u:ssiparurnge;fi s:owii.1!x l L i :s : a , tz H c h e Bewelu1J::I1g s u sBrands c h y 1 l z \ f l rtind e n . D'ie :E!etoll-Fe:liti~keitsk' i a s s e . n ~ Be~on~erpra:kl.i ken und La,stJi;:1 h : l f o l . g e desBe~onier :be, t r iebg w e r c l r e l l g o n a ! :u : ! t . In d h~ s) wnZ usan~ m,~ nhiang w h;d auch .eI,asF!8r-de~l 'I 'II~ B~r:o 'mI tilt!rcltP U J i m l p e n . oder dureh KliJbel.ef'w.Mtiml. Ko~uit:rI!'k(hi!eMaBnW1me;nl~ d . ie be l. die!:'B:e~estigun,gvo n Ko nso l.en u llJIdInSli!i~la,tbJneWl: 2 ; u b e a c h te n s i :~d .werden b e 'S ; ~ t :l ri ,e b e ! l , E s werd!ln die t y p i s i l . : h e n :LllIStell 3 ; n g e : i p i r o , c h ' ~ ! 1 1 i , d ~ , ~~ a e ] 1 . d.enl , B e 1 ! t ' l : n i, e re n a u f d !0 rV " ~ r b l " m d r le ,c k e w , I D H 'e m J d d e s B3i. ! :: Ibelr j,eb!:i : :J:bg~leHt werdM. :Sthlie!f:l '~lc~wercl 'el g e e l , : g n e t e V e d a h r 'e n Z~lI iA l 1 b l i i r li g ~ r u n : G , onWai l :me-~ ,Sthal, l~ rmlldFleuilr iso~~ernflgl\:n genanll t .


6/65

, P re face4

T he firs t ed .iU o n.o fth e lH J RO PE A N R l IECOMMENDAT IONS .FOiR 1 ' .HE D ES IG N OF C OM POS IT EF L .O O R .S W I T H P ,R O F I L E D S T .E B : L , S H E E T W a ~ pubUsh,ed i~ S e p te m b e r 1 9 '7 '4 ,b y E eC S Cgmmitt,ee: n" 'M u n i ~ S : to [ e y Bui ldin.gs" ' , . Thils ECeS docum~ r !~ N Q ! . 1 4 W~I$~~!bseQ~!~n!lyijsedas a i '~fcre:t1.cepuhlicat.ioflf iOl' S e e :d o !i 1 l 1 , 5 o f t b e i 'Mode~ Co d e f o r C ( )m p o !S H ~ e . S b 1 i l c W r e s " p r e ; p a , ! ' e ( J , b y th e J o im il t C o m m it te e o nCam[ . los iu l : Stru~~ure-5 ~Cb,B~ ,ECCS '~F IP~ I ,ABSe)Jnd p llbH s~ed \I,rld e r th e tit le CO 'MPO S'ITESTRUC l ' UR . E S b y me. COIl5U'I!IClio.nPress. t O f i d o l m l , in 1981 . Thi s . Mode : l , Cod i J e was fin a:H y uso o ..a s a d ra A.fo rma t fo r th e p rep a rad an o f theE~r'Qc:od,~ N o , 4 , ~De s t ~n ,of' COl f l l pos i~eSte,el ia~d Con c r e~e S:~ruCit\!Fe:iJ1985"In 1981 a . ~ech[li ,Gal g roup TW O 7 , 1 6 " 'Compt ' lsh,e S labs "wa5~ r~ ted , '~vimjinthe:E C C S ''fedn:d~alCommll t~e , TC '1 (Co~d.fonllle{) Ilhin5walld!lh~l!l~sJefll in.tl'l.lilcUng),. w i t l l i 1 ~he f bHow i l l g tMKs: .~

T o p ro po s,e co mm en t~ t o : E u r o c ! )d e N 'o .4 n 1;) '85).Te revlse the dOCt i lMent ECCS No...14(974).. .To ~ 'OOidi~a tf .l r es ea rch e ffo rt s iin t h,e ! lei d o : f iGomposi te 8 1 abs.

T h e ~ r, e s : e n t d o cu m e : o ! j ' l s p r e s e n t s par I o f [ h e I r e ;v ~ s 1 o no/fEces d l o c u m e : n t . N Q . ] ' 4 ~ . , c o i i l. r e > e f n i W i li p t 8 . c t l c r t l i lco~si~~'ta t~Ol i ls. fo r cO f ls tr u lc u io n site, personnel. II : was pliCIi.Hlred by D r .. B yron J. D a ni~ 18 ). TN 'O B y ,ild ~!lga n d C o n sm ! J c t i o n R e s ! e a f ( h . [h:]fi , N L " R e f ~ [ C e ri c e w as mad ,!!: t o thepuMic.at ioR " G o o d p r a . c H c e inCQmpo . !d t: ef lo o r c on st ru c t iQ : n ' is su~ d b y l : h e Steel Con : S U f ! . l c : d l c .m I n 5 i t i t 1 ! J t , ~ . A S 1 o o t . , . u 1 3 (1990) U].to thec o ns tr ~c :[ia n s ll:e g~idle "M is,e en '~H~UYr~e: s ~I!:llm:h,er:s c a l : . I , a i ' l o [ , l : u : ' J : I S SoUa:e~ . i s s u e d byP 'AH,~8olhu)"Par i s - l~ -D~ fe rt l ;: e~ : F ' ( ] '9 ;1 1 ) ~ 2m an d to good pr ,ac l i ce I'll 1es C (H lta~ned! in . Ih e d o c l . l menlt!n le n o f t O l h e ; rEUlfop ea tl p r o tH e d 5~ e"eiiIlig :m3ntU f~GU,l.rers,A no ther doeumem is c~ ! , ne l1dy ~n .priB]>i l[ :a~io~~ TWa 1.6 , whichfepreslen~s th e s ,e ~ o [ W d :a Id l a s ~ : p i r t : (il{ther:~vi!iil).i:!,s to ECCS iC lOCllml!nt No .. 1 4 ,,,T h iis d o omnern is !(l;mid:od "D esig n M am l a'[ fO'f Cormpo!S. i~eSI3ibs~'c'ontai! l l! l des ign i nro rrna t io f ! and e ll; a :l ff ip le~t o f d e s i g l 1 o ' ; l n and!a:l 'cfi i teC'!!i l.

A N D S R S SO NB E O U U " . 1BLAF,fARTBOD ECAlOrCR J S I N ELKOUKK .A ,R IQ'l.lliARYS CH : U S T E R

:ErikP~U i p~eHcnr,jHe lmu tLoui s~ayyM ~c h e l , (C h a i rm a n )H~liD:avi id (Tee.See)Reili i lho~dSTA R K .h ~ ~TS G H EMME RN EG O Fel'd in i!J rid

S'lJcdenPr~nc ,eBe;lgilmGa':!JIIi ,UlYL m : , e m b o u r gSwj l l~~r la l1L~Finl!ul.dG r e ,a t ~ f i t a i nC a n a d aN e d ' H ~ r I !~ , n J dsA U ! s u i : a


7/65

BAEHR- i i iBR . EK ELMANSDANIE'L,SJ AN S SK E L L N E " R .KREUTZMAGN I E ZMElEMOREAUPATRJ lCKI P O R T E : RSOKOLWOEL F EL\ VR IGHT

&QlflI!UiByron cree . . Sec)lIosdTh.Oi,lb~:nOeorg! ru iMici lc leG'~ra rdMa r kMal(. l~OflOl t1E .Ho \ , v~ r d

5

Genn:!lRYNel l le , r l s i ldsN e t h e r l a n t b . iBe'lgiuffiG ' e r n l , a l i \ lyPr3ln~'eP r 3 i r l C l e:[~,~nrF n : l ! n c l ( , lAustral! . !' U S AF m n ' l c ,@ )O e r m a ! 1 l YGr!~a tB r in t i n

B U C H EENGELHEDINLAWSONSAUEIU30RN

HeinrichP i ' @ ! i 'i r eJO~M~nMalikI l ' Igeborg

(j 'ermal1YFfa!f!(:i~Sw~de l1 (fQ1'I ' I1I{l t ' member)I O r e a : t: a ri ll '~ i i nOe:rmal l iY

T h a J n b : a ,, " 'e : a l: s o duc~o many m Q r e ( ; Q < ll e ~ { ~W ! e s iT lQ ~Qokpalti,'r! w lo rk ing ,g rQ Y.p m ~ , e ti , n g ,~ o r o ff e re ds u g g :G S t io f i S ; .

~Ucbel CR1SINELC hairm an o f Tw a '.6By r on j. 'D A N r EL Sa ,rI~ :D a :v id O 'L EA R YT e l c l ~ t l i ~ a l , , Sec tel ,1 l ,r i ts , o f TWa 7 .6Michae lDA 'V IESCha~:r l1 il< ll:nf TC 1


8/65

1 .

Chapter Rage1 . Introduction

W ha l is a . c a : n : 1 l p o s l t e slab'W ~ a , t a r e the a j { h ; ,a l 'J i ~ a g e 5o f l o o r n : p o s i t l ; shJ'b~:?Wh~ f'e .a re :C iompos it ,e s la bs n ,on l1 .a tly u sed?W h at sa fety p ro ced ures sh ould b e o b . s e : r v e d 7

10. t o12l 3

List of essential construction site Information2.12.2.2 . 3 ,2.3.L2.3.,2 . .2.~,2 e5

3 .

14

Genera lDeeki ngbillnd~e~dei'l t.ific'a~~,ol:lIuforrnanon ~orstee] sue-centractcrsDecking l l ayou t drawingsShea r connectorsInforma' l lon : r o r concrete sub-ccntrsetersC an s t ruction loads ,

1 414151 ,51 '71119

Recept ion t s torage 311d U,A. ing ,o f decklng bundles1.1],.23 . 3

R~ce :p f io r l , a ,ndvler~fici.l it ' ioli l ls, tma,geLifting

202 :02 0

,4.~4.24. :14 ..4

P ro p er p an eI p la eera er uFas,[el'.li,ng :p tme~s to the l U l d ! e d Y 'i n g (ran~eS ~ a l l l ! 1 f ' l l i s te l :m e r s -De ck in .g u s ed a s tM~pCll 'afy inpI8. f1e b r a c ing


9/65

7s . 2 9

S.!5 . , 25.3,G e n . e . r, a )The ,support o f heavy lOis.d 'sT he d is tr ib utio n o f C Q in o e l 1 t ra t e d ] l o a d s

0 . 1 .6,.26.3

7,~

: P 'e f m a n e : n t s u .l 'p o , r ts ;TempoI3_ry suppo r tsSpec ia l l su p pe r t detai ls

".1",.21.2.17 . 2 . 2",.31.3J1 . 3 . 21.4 ,' 1 ' , S :

Oe~e:ralHeaded s c u d s, P ro p e r p o s i ti o n in s , ~nd o : r i e n t : i l I t i o n i n d e c : l d n g r ibsW,~'~dingof b~aded :shldsCc ld ,- fo rm ,o o amg le g,P ro per po s: it io nin g a nd or len ta tio n In d e c i : : i , n g , r i b s ,S hQ~ - fi ri n g o f , "o l d -f o rme d ang lesS p e c , i a l c ( ) i I i 1 l ! i , ~de r i . ! i do : f : i ; S fot s e i , l! I. r n ic , r e g : j () t lI .s ,Speci al COl'I s, id e ra do ,M f o r p e4 'm l m e n t , inp lan! b . r 3 i c l . m g

8. 4 3S,J:S.LlB,.L28 , , 28 . 31.3. j8.3,,2

:Exterior e d g :@ d:tt:a,tlsE dge trim and H e.b a 'c k sF I ll er b l :o c tsMJduO 'p " ,emds ,h ned o [ ed ge d etaU s'Op'enings,SmaU op ,enillilg .sLa rg e opellling;s


10/65

8 :Relnforcement9"~9 . 29'.2J9'.2,.29.3

Ge:n,eralrl.ils[)anr;~ii l fo rce,men'~,Openl l lgs,Fire n In fo r ' c , em~mtSuppo r t rci,rl 'force:me!llt

10. COD.cret 'e", concreting an d concreting loads1 I ' Q . , I.10. '2t 'O ' , , 2 , . , 1:10.2.2,Wi.2.3, ] , 0 . 3

CorH~' reH~typesCOnC~fe(ing ,Ge:n~rai lConcre te b y 'P l . l lm~bH~:C o : n , c l r e : ! e b y sk ip! a:nd bar rO\ l fL oa ds d ur in g, c on cretln g

S 3S 35 3,S SS6S6

Ll, Construction loads after concreting 58

lZ. Attaehlng claddtng and services13., Other considerations tH

U .I T h .erma l bl:Slth,~i 'o,n11 .2 S oun d m sula tlc nl).,3 , ]F i re lnsu la r lun


11/65

TIle , use o f compos ite slabs . inbuUd. i :ngsnas i ,n.ereMeQ, c O l 1 s i d i , c r a b : l y in E t l i t 'OpCEf i th e la s t 20 yt!ar~.TItis: is p an ic uh u 'J y t ru e i , n . th e Unit :ed K i n g d c n l l :an d F ran c!! . .Alr 'cady seve ra l n a t : i o n a . w code s s p e c i f i c ' a l l y addressth is typ,e 0" c o ns tr uc tio n ..T :o d a yt h~ E ! I.u'" 'Ope anC o m . .m l .l ln i t y i s a b a 'u l: :t o e st ab li sh QOlmmO'!1 un if ied : ro l e .s fo r bun~H r il g: cQ i l1 is tru,c~ i~ ,l ll(b eE U f < H : : o d . e s " These r u le s in !c lu .d e steel" c o n c r e t e a n d c { l ! m p o s . i l e s t ee l~one re te : C()n8I : ruc l ion" T h e in:b'oduclJioflo t sU ic hrulesp cse p oum da l p r,o b~ em s in c ()un 'tr ies whet le unfami l i a r eon s tr uc tl on 'p ra :e ti ce s. may DOW be,a l lowed. ]t is im p,o l1 an llo en sure : a m i n i : m u m : le ve l o if q ,u al it y i n o ouO 'tr ie s W'hen~compo~ i t , e e'Q:nstmctionis oommon, and to p'r'tDvl.(!le g u r l , d e l i l i i l , e s ' foT: o o l . l l I t r l e s where 8udl eOl ii st ruc t lO il l! . WU~. occur :in m , e :futu.tI(l!. Thea im o f t h is d ,( ) C l I ,m e il l t : l s t o p ro v i d e s U ! ~ h g u i d le l i : n e $ , f o r O O m p O 'S il - e s t a b s. 1 :1 .s l i i l g l p o o , ' t h a t, t h is dQ'clmen1, w IUan sw er' m an y pra.ct.ic:a] ani l s ,a f et y rel .a r .oo 'iqlll~Stion!S" tliiI.usensu!f~f:l,gco;mposi te s l abs an increased sh are ,o fth e f lo or in g m ar ket Ih ro ug ho u.tE ur op e i~ ' the fUtu.e.Th is doc"ll.m er(l is in agreement Wi.~l m.e :E I1T() 'oodes,:amcl.n p articu la r [he Euroc{)(I!e 4 'fo r eomp , o,sheb uU d in gc on stm c:d ol1 l" W h e.r1 C va lues o r pract ices torcom,]l losite stabs ire no t g'ivelfl ~n ' the !u ,tocod 'eEi"d li sdocume l lit ind ica tes values, a n d ! p r a c t ~ c e s ' dU l l a re no t in ,o anm er with th e Eurocode desi ign ph i l o s1ophy .

F I' - ~ G - 'U R E ' - , . , . , ' 1 -...... 1_,..: " , _ . ," _ I " .. _: Typ,kal, composite slabi:u a liteel framed building,


12/65

10

AU c o m p > C l s l t , e s lab s c onslst o f d ,~ ck i,n g ,((:h l.'n ,w alhH lc o h m , fD r n le d s U ! ' I ! I : p : < l J ~ e ~ , ! ! ) I . , 8 , ligh t mesh e ff" 'eil l i lfon;:ementand c o n c r e t e , !ie e F~C iiURE I" The d~i ; \dng , I J l r o v i d e s : three essent ia l ro les :T e l n p o r 1 2 r y w.(}rklu ,g 'plat form. O lfllc e bHJ livid u al1 [p a ne ls hti,v~ been propel'I~:y assEtllltile-d, th ed 'eck :ing is capabh : o f : ll u p p c n t i n g S l lr b 's l , i m l i( i: ~ 1lv e I o a d l s .r :omHvork. The dec:king sup po rts th e \ , \ /~ight o f [h ~ co ncrete s .tab , ()tl~r~r:ablyw U h om t.b e hellpo f t!emp'orafY supports, ; ,P1oS1 :1iV:(! 'n lOJ JUH It ,r ie in/fJrceme lu. T he d t!~ k1f:D ,g [!Jet!! as ~he, po sh lve ,(sagging) m O I I ' lr : J I i~ n trei!i i lfQr~e:rne'l1~ f o r th e s h : ' 1 b enee th e conc rete has hal"d:encfL

Oeckhlg g eometrtes c an be roughly dhlid~1 irl(J HIIU t ypes , Ul(JSle, wi ih re-eruraat r~bs (dOVMaJUcd) t andd:lOiSe.v l a ~ h ,open r~bs ( tnlpezokbl l) , , , Ex, iunph:s f)f t h~s~ '[WO ri b g~om'~II'iesil!:re. s h own hill Fh JURE , 2 .~ !f o sl p 'il. n~H l a r e a V ' t L i . a h t . e in s l! 'v \i. lm ~Wi~U ~hic~~e~~t , !s, .~ \ i j[h t l IJ ' ii ': I im u l lva lues f r o m 0, '15 to 'I.S m m .N ormally the steel core material ls ~nll,~'i!t~~1m bO! ll S~ d ~~ with a , 2 0ldn thick 2 h lC : c oa tin g \ \lh .i :eh ico rres,[)ondsto 27 .5 ,g /m~ (tmill on both sides); D ~~ 'm41tive' \ioa .tin ,gs a r@ ava ilab le i f t he und er si deof the d~(!ki l : l ig remains v~:sl.hle;Severa] , 1l1!l[h od s m a )" be used It O in crea se th (; ~Orlgh!l.H;U!li(l\ shear reslsrarce (tn,lerl,ock) beh"een (i,\':cki.nga nd eo nc res e. These D ire listed ~ s fo,I , I~ws:

R e -e m rrm r d r:c ks w ith ou f g,mb():!l$m(!m~i,. S ome r e- em ra n t d 1 ~i;k s:r ~l~ 0[1"), an th eir r ib sh ape toprov ide in terlock .. E X . , l l l l l 1 l : l : l , I , e ; . < ;uf ~h:.::king in l ~ i s c a te go o :y ,a re s hown in F!C iURE , : 2 .I imb( )ss,d " /( 'ek ing . E:mhn: ;sm~msaresma l l ,~I,~t~,lI"Ination5n ~ h e webs-o r nan,ges. T y p h : : : a I .em b essm e ra p su erns areshown .ori IGURE 2 h , . lin so m e 1 ! ~ 1 1 1 I . ~ l s .th e emhQss :men tsmaybep rl n c e .d ~ n t h e hOUOf l l :lhlll\~W:;' . 1 1 ' h ' i . s : p t ! 'l~inyhi'fiUd jol l ' ! ! s .De ' cks w ilh { m e l' (l Jic li or tl ,g t J' ; S om ~ d e.c ks ~ !r~ P!'OVh;],~dw ith eib s [h at: a re specially jjdormed a ltl J l e ends . r e f e r e d t o M ben t rib I i I l l ' lchufS.. .S hea r een nec ters p la ced a t S U ! P P O I ' [ S c a n . ab o be useda s en d a n.c l:il of a: g~ . E l(a !l 'n pl~ s uf ' this a re t ;h o v.'n in F~G UR E :2e.

The .m i in i .mum wud s l l n t h deiPdl~Or ~I CO l ll rpo,dre ' slab i~ ,80 nnn, The 1:ldckncss ofcouc;f",ere3tlov~ the: l'illS all ~ht:!dt !~kin .g lr!iJ1'ltbi ! ! g,l i '~an~i '~h:m. ,0 mnl. If 'I.h~ s lab aets , compo! l iu ! ly witht h e b e a m l o r i , s n s ~ ~ ! a s : a d ' iaphmgn~, ~ , h i eminhmml l 'hri,al s lah , t e p , t n : i s ' 9 0 m m , a n d t h e mh' l imur I1I~d~:be:ighl a!ilolve' the dec -k ing is 50 mml .

Transpon:Of ian cm :(S ;P 'iI R ei s a re 'I ig h t. p re -f sb r le ar ed e lem en ts thai a re e a s i l , y t ranspor ted ,Often o n e h'ltry i s C 'H I I H ! h le o f I.. '


13/65

FIGURE , 2 : :

11

C d EndAn,chora"ges (Type IU )

'Typical f o rms ,of 'm:terlock 'i n , composite slabs:


14/65

12R a ; p . i d C O . m U . r U C 1 . i O . 7 , I ' , : P a n .e l s Q u i c k ! ) ! i n s ta ll e d b y h a n d (a.'bmn 4 0 0 m " 2 ! o r ' one grol!por t e a m p ,e ; rd ay ). D , e e k i. n g :m a k :e s . i J l l 1 lex;ceU~t l t " "" o r k i n g : p ~ ,a t f C i i! ': mV h i c : ~ ~ p ,~ 'r :d s t h e : , c o m s tr m : l l : i o J l p r o o e s s f o rOUll~Ft ra d . e , s . 'T l r i : s h l d o n e b y redue lng , e r ~ U I l ' l h j i ! J a ! : h : 1 g "[ h e n e e d fa r ~t!m'('Ifary suppOr ts . L as dy .t h e f l l . a : b ls e a s U y ' poured . _ .

R " e i n / o r C t m . u . m t . S u b S U l . l ' l . t w a treduct ions l n t h e q r U ! i ! , n U t y o f s lab r e: in for ce :H1em over e o n v e n l W o n l llconc rete s lab s can be a ch h~ ved ,,Sarvk(! 's .. S erv ~c es :s~ ch as elec~ ric~ ty . t . , e l l l J . p h o n e : and! co m !pu t ,~ ! ,neN /ark cable ;s , e~( : . a r e B ' a s i l yi .n~m~ned. R : e ~ e ~ t r a n t r i b s al.!low f o r the c o n v e . l l l e : [ i [ i n s~~nado!n .o f f3lisc , c e ; i U n g : s a~d ' V t ' , m d l a t l o u _ ,Weight : s a v i ' ll 8 S . On a ver ag e, c o : r n p o J S i ~ e . s l a b s ,l1fe U g , h t e f l h a ; f i ( i~he r f le o r sys;I ,~ms. Thi ! i can 1 1 1 . bjJUIresult in s l ~ b . s t a n d a l s av in gs in fomt(.h :u~ on .,b e a n 1 . a n . a e o h . I J f : 1 u l I c o s t s .O'r luJt 'adva/uages. Co:n ' l ,pos : i t ,~ labs : ~H! I a s good v apour b a r: r: ic rs a n d g en era lly h av c go od fireres ls ta nc e a nd a e o u s t le I H : :n e r i' l i a ! !.

I n du strla l b u H e!ings.Oftle'e buildil~gs..C emmer cia l b uild in g s.Ho . sp i~a]s .H 0 1 l . s i . n g . bo t .h s ii ng 'l e a n d m u l t i p le f:iln~:nyst.ru(;tUr~s.R~ !' lova :t ionof ,exis t ing bu i l ld i rags ..Ml1l1j-.st:orey C a r i la rk_s ( fQr I h . e s e sU''liclureS ' C ~ U ; e . f l l , 1 ttentio n sh eu ld b e g~ven t O S f H ! i e i f i c a t ~ o n a n dd e 1 a i li li lB : i .n - CI1,$eS w h e r e eerrcs lve c o n d ! d o l l s m a : ) ~ exist)

Spans 0;( 2 to 4 ,Illic.tres,. without temporar ) i s U . P J l o ! r ! S ~ are I c o l l s i d e . r O O i fIIofmn,aL Longer s p a n s . \y~thtem p on ry s .tlip p or ts a re a va lla o le. S : l ab t hkk l l e s s e s ~o r rmd ly r a nge from 80 to 300 ' m rn ,( j :(meraUy . O O f i l P O s i u ) slahs a r e most &eq'U~~[ly used in c lOmb: ioar !on w~' tb mulli"sulrey slel.d~f:ramGdb un din .ss . R '6 t'en fly eompesl te stabs h :a-v e als" been , used in c Q n c l re t e ~ m a S Q n r y ' a n d wooden f rameds t r u c t u r e s , Composi t e s l ebs e r e i d e a l f o r i n t e r I o r appU~( !dOn5 u nde r normal : 1 ~ ! l v i f O n m e n t l l ! ] c o n d h :i o n s . .I n ( l I t h e r c l r e ~ m s : u l n c ~ s . t h e Sp fl cl f ii c.a t~O :f :Lf e ompoSi te : sl .a b s .s h ouh! l be b a s e d o n . t),r!; cOhsidera t ]on o O r i . , a n yadve-rse eff~tts w h i ~ G h may 'exist.


15/65

, P a n e l x , s l w , l l t d t J e c u u u : : h e d " 0 l h e undf!dyl~B j r U Y J i e (I ~O()IJl a~p,()J&ible


16/65

14

T his c ha p ter eo nra ins th e m in lmm n amOl~n( o f' i ~ t b r m c l ! i J Q f l thi l t l l!n!e designer a l i l d l o . r ardt i l j~ectshal ] ' IdSU l p p l J ~o con s t n l c t i o n s lt e !p erson n el, M o st 0 f the: im f h r m : m i onco, l1 l t ! l l lned i : : n th i sc i lmp ter ls u s ' e d by thede.s.i :gner and/or ~ : r ch i t eC : l wht1;liI:c 1 l J h : u ~ m h l ! ! , d~ dd n g ~l'i(] cOln~PQSil t .e.[ , l : b resistances. l : g I : 1 l 0 ' fa @ ' l. c e , of th iSi r ! fo rma~i( l ! ! l J i y fitl:d p e r . s Q n . !H ! ~ Ci!r! U~I~!~1je~(lito . S i ~ \ M l t ir u : 1 I I : ! th~ , t lhe d ~ s i : g I 'H ' 3 i r'and /o r a n . h h , e C : t f u a ; s I r l O Ltb il'~e ~n , A n~ Varil(Hlons f! 'oro (he ( '( )n,( !himlS $ i ,p~dn~d ~,y ~he iJlel:;ig,!~~'r~m,Ho r ' lUi 'chil[( ! lct ! ! ihou~c11ebmughtl~~ : h ~ h T a l : ( :~mb:m.If any o f the foUowi log , ~n fo rm~u li )n l is t rim iI,vaihl:b!~~Q sh~. !h~ d~!itg!lllr ~nd/or a rG h l t e ( , i l s ih o u l d . becontacted.

A n ~d ejlJtifiCE I l i,o nl!lig sh ou IId he '1t.1 i.1~hecll10 .eil(l~l d ee k ii filg b t l n d le d~1 j;ver(l;d!o th f ! ; job site, An e?:am p~.e:[a s ~ :ss h ow lil iin F ICURE 3 . A !o :m fjlla ~ ,~m l ~ ly lo o k M ii'I~ ew h~~di'f'f~reil:1bL ~[sh.m l i~dL'iHUa:i i i i i t h e f b lilow l ngi! 'f \ l " m U l j~ i o ! 1 ;

ooooo1 0o

j 'o 'o N o .\ " II0'oooo1 0 1 1 1 U)07 5 ~ O x ,tt'5 ,4 . .~ 7 2 ' S l ; 5 , C I ; l l ; 1 . 0 0

. .. . . , 3 : r ; 3 3 3 : 5 , '0 ' ] 1 ; L O O1 r . . 96~1~~=~~ ,~ t / "----

0 '1o


17/65

15T h , ~ h Y ! n d h ~ ~ d . c n d ' l i < : ' i u i o ; 1 1 ,eDd'e: , s h o u l d ! a b o iJPp~,itl ' , o n .h e , d'~ c :k i ngi a y o " , u : ( ; 1 1 1 1 1 1 " Illld e a n ' t l u .! : ; b e u se d I l 'Ii d ,e ll li iy [ b e b a ~ f ( s , ) ' r~ r w h i c h . ' Ih~ b \ l ~ d , h ~ j 'i s d e s , i , g I ' l ; 3 : u m i . A . Pl fOd: t lc t d 'e5 Ic r rl ip '~~OI iln ~ l l ! l d i l : 1 , C ~ e ' f o U o w ' if 'l gsho \JIh l b eiliva ib lh h~ o n site 'or fro m (h e d ~,ek log : manUfiiGUl.f~Ii""tecli: i f l i iO'al i n f O r m a t i o n service:

E m . b o s s , m o m dUplhs.

The s t e e l SUb~C(Hi I l raC!Or s h o u l d be p ro \r I d ~ d w :i 1 :h a d e c k In g ~u) 'om dnnwing wh ic h o il" iid 'jls (hie f loor huob !. '! ys . A b a y rcon5ists of i l , " H I 1 ! , d s frorn the same dec:ldn,g b t i l n d 1 e ' that are to !:I,e l a t o ; 'Oll~and 'fllit ed to ~ h e~:n.dei 'l ,i li lg, fram e: ,M , one I I n i t . f- l~ h b ay o f each noo : r ' W i E h , e o , m p o . s i l l l :sb.libs, S I h C i U l d be c o n t a . i i l l c d hil, t i l lsdrawiirig.ln:fionuilitioi~ 1 1 1 0 1 , i I i l l C l l l d e : d , in t h l s ch i l lpu~r m a y a l s Q ' 'be s:p~ if1ed In ihis dt '~wililg,. S U l c h !!i l ifol 'manan,ma)~ b e : n e,es sa ry b eeeuse ,o f varlatlcns t'i\om s , r a n d i l r d p ra (i it i. (l ~ . AU $ \ Jeh ' V i u i i l i l ' [ i o f i S shollid be c l , e a d yE r u : : U c a ' u : d ( b ig h l i,~ lu e d ') b y ' I h e : desi:grne.r ! l . n d J o r a : rd ' i i 1 t l i l l ; ; t : . -

: e 3 i Y S m 3 : ) 1 be denn'oo UI~,l~.~dashed llnesand a d ia g ;o rm l , s o lid Une. ~ a ! l e l 1 a s a ~ o s h own i n FIOUR.! 4 ~ ,A, r d e n m c : e ' Rumibe' l i m i JI Y b e p ,l ,a ced i n I,c~rch~; on , t h e d~3gon!.i l1 line' tll)' ind j~3~e ~ h ~ ~ ~ p ~ c i : 3 i 1 ba , ' instruction:~r,eg h i l , e n ehHl:~_cm ~'o n Ih ~ d rawU llg .The app,w;dnUl l te ! lo~lU,iono:f th e first p a . . i f i e l l E o be ,p l c : d . in ,each bayamI : !' l ~ ! ; l idlrle~tkil~ 'i n w h l e h I !; ! , y m d , s h o u l d C O R lin u . e i s i l ' l , d i c a l , e , e l " O t l l ll : r l , n , f o r m aO l i . o l ' l ! g i v e n lo r , e a c h b a y i . s :D , e " c - J : . l n g I'lib or-l'el,rllUi'cm.T h e , r m m b , , . 0 / p o n e l l .T i J , eb m u l . le i , d e . m i J 1 , OO I I : m t O t / e .T he ' p fm e J ' l en g t h .

T h ' f ) ~Qe~~ilona i ! 1 d oriierl~I~',i,ono:f , e a c 'b I co h . lm n : s h l O n i ! d d b e i~dic,a[eda s sI!lO\li '.fI~n : F , ~ O U R E 4 . A ll , s ' U P l ' o mU ) l c . r m l l ii l i: n . t . O t teji ' i~pOlli"aty) ,h o ul d b e i n.c :l l1 d ~d .Per lna.neln ' l.Ii luPiPorts,Stil d , r a , w l I l , tu;,j,nga s,ol.idl.U.~el t empo raos u p p o H S an: d f : a \ V n 'u s if i l . _ I , 3 .dashed U n i ! a n d I h e l~ n ,l ';s TP ' ( T 1 mpornr , ) , Prop -UnJ . T h e ml jn imum, w idd io ' r ' [ J ] , e l e m p o : r , a r ) , S ' l J p p l D r t : 'i n e o m a e t \ ' ! . I i t i h t h e I ~ h !; c k: lf :l g s ' l 1 0 ' 1 . d d b e l g i v e n (~e ; m i ii 'l .~ m u m b e D l I f i . n g wid lb ) .Oprn in"r , o ll 'd e d .8 ' ,6 :SThe; I lo~ll it ]on :3t id o ri~ l\u u ioM 0 (' all operdngs 3M ecllges, whh respec t to permlJlnenll sUP:POl' tS, s~ou ld beg:iv,c:n.This h : I I . : I . u d l e s b ( n . h p e r m , l n c n E . a n d I h ~ m , p O I ' . a r Y ' ed ges. S uc h i ,n f u r m a , ~ i , o n S h O I U , l d be in d icD ted i .in bo xesIdemr'fi:ed b y th e words " : m ~ d I , g ! e ~rim' ' ' .S~ : F : [ O U R : E 4 . -


18/65

FIGURE 4: E { ' , "C , o le De ~ '~~ '- "L a ve "~D .> ''';,- ,X,fUnpeeCn.UIg _ayou~"ra \v l ,ng- -(Fastener detalls not shown)


19/65

1 7T here rn a )! b e m ere t h a n one r e f e r e n e e b Q ~ fo :r , 1 1 t 0 0 0 0 c h ' o o g e " The , f oUowing, inform,iUiof:i lshoil:l ld. b e c o nta in edin each referenee box=

111 ' f ! tJl:st tmce b ' f J r w e e } , ; lire e d g e o f the tle ckl~ J:g a lld i h e ' Cl!b'l,.,(!,l/~l'e o f tJ ie n ea re s: per:mQI],(!m,rsup.pon.De,ta . i l sshol l . ld be ava , i1ab le for a ll ,e)l.!erior edg~ s an d edges n e5 i~ ~ o o l ' , e : l ' l i n g s . Details m, a) , a ls o beneeessary r o , [ ' tempor, : !i I iY edges. Temporary edges, in.dud'e:eb an ges in 'th e 'o ric '! ltltio :n o le the: deckir: lgr~bi 'S ,and edg~s between e ,o n !: l.r ei ti :n g .:lixa .nilp,ll~sof auppon ~nd edge deta ils are gi.ven in , FH JU :RB S 17 ' s nd U )iQ f Chapter 6, and in fKiURES 24 and: 25 o f C I1 ,il] :He r 8.

P '~ n e J s m a , ~ b e f a S t e ID i w oro l , W p erm a n e n t sL1ppor ts a n c l [ o ad jacen t p ~ n e 1 s ( . s e 'a m .fasteltll's). : P 3 ! S t e n i n gs ho l!.l ih l!b e u ad er ta ken immed :i: ate,]), a ft er ea ch ~,iJ;Tlliid r In li} ' ih a s being la id eu t , For e a c h bay s p e e : i a : ifmtener i n f o : r m a ! t i o . n m f ly be.g iv ( if :i .f 'as , ten! ;. r : il ll ,f o rm a t ion i s ind :i ,C 'a .l~don th e de:ckhilg l ayou~ draw in g usinginro' l . 'ma~iofiboxes idcfl l i i t i ,ed, by l O ! ! wm ~ 1 " F a S J t e n e r s , u , as s h own i n f IGURE : S : , Eacb i n f o r m a U o 1 i i 1 : 1 0 ) :sbou td c an l'a in th e f ullow b :i !g ;

N llillbe r o f fa st c1U ! r. s JUJ edt !t iIO fir. (tat:/}.p.{n~e,l 1 , 0 . tHU '" SUppOl't, {J'F th.e m lu im 'u n.' n umbe r c /rt.w .n ,fa ste nc rs pe r ~nefr'l!'[ (m g t! ! o r t he max lm~~mspac ing ,. - .

Shea r '~onli l.ei ';~:{ ' i fSareorm any c!iho\~rrl on s:mlcnlnl d r a w i n g s fo r 'C'OIffi,pos.~ieb!lluif1~.TI:li~ i : rr f o r m ! l < ' t ic mn~~don 'l y be :h ' l, c lu ( J ,ed lin th e d eck tng la yo ut d :ra wing if ho les mlJSt be Cut in [~e d ,eck i ng , o r if shear COOJiectorsa re , to b e i n ~naUed u si n g ' Ih rough dec:k W'e~difiig o r tb ro ug h dack: : s ho t- fi r i n g . . 1 1 i 'I Ithese c a s e s ' th e l eea ti en ,t y p , e a n d h ;n g l:h o f ea c h S n e a l f cCl:l1ne


20/65

FIGURE 5 : : Exam,p le ! Deddo,l, :La,yout ,D',r,a:,rin,g(Fasl,elJler detail's , 0 0 0 1 , y )


21/65

I nfQ rm a(io n c()n cier nin g _ h,ec on cr ete .m ix s hu uh :ljD e provht~dn ~he same Rlal'l:ner as fo r o th er r ein fo rc edC Q n c re te c o m p o n e n t s . ,MInimum n~Gessa'ry e O / l ~ r e t : i n g l n io r rn a :t i, on i n cludest he fo l l owi i~g . :

T h e d es ig n ~ o a d ' t ha t m . a y be e . 3 I f r ' i e d by th ~ deck in g a s a i t .e m . p g n u : y wo r k in g p la tf o :r rn ,! l$ s h u t t @ r E o g a n db y the ; compos i~e slab shoiJ ld. be: clearl , , , in idic,~u,~dOI l [h e ~'eeking I ,B) 'OUI d l : r a \ iO t . ~ n " g s and on ~ p . p t ) ' O J l r i a u !c o :n c r e ti n g d r. a : w i n g s ( i n k N /m : i , ) , Spe~ ia l ll 'Q ad ! r! g l im i ta ti on s S h O \ i ! l d b e c l @ , a .r i y i n c l i c f l l e d fo r e a c h haJy. J : n~ .add il:io rl t h,e : f o l , I ,Q i !>V ' i f i l g va lues 1 , ] ; " I a y be n ! ! iC e s . s i U ', /:

l 1 u !m in immn CQ'nC~ete'(Hnpr(ls:sl~l(! s .m .m g 't / l ' G . r u 1 : , / . ( : I ! t : empora l ) ' rup!JOl'iS may be r . e m o ' V e d ( c a n.beg~~~n. I n UJrms ojdayJ. (Jft~,f


22/65

203. Reception, storage find nfHng of decking bundles

P an els a re n orm aU y I)RCk ag e!.1 in to u~!!ldng t lun .d l ~s. i lhou! I nl'~l.rt?; \ ; / ide and t.p, [0 met re deep.Length s are va rlah le, and C tU as 5ipel:i.tled . E r,~h hmild 'lc : can w eigh as much as 4 tonnes, Avel.'.ngeb'l iUldle \ :veigh~,.however , is ,; loser 'H ) J : u : m m H i .11u~ inf~J. ' f:i ' lJlidO!:1M . each b U l lI d l lc ~~:. see F .IG UR E J, s h o .u ~ .d ~ ~ v erified up .o n D . l J ' r i v : i I , 1at t h e jo b s . l N l .Iap artleula r , th e sh eet th ic kn ess ! i , h o l t l ! c l be ve r ir ..e d .FoU owi l 'l : t h i s . v er ll iea lio n,a vis u! II l in sp .ec tio f I,sb oul.d b e nU lde to e : n I H U ' ~ fhm individlull [ u l m d : s . a re f lO'1 dil .l1i laged . Onl ., .a fte r lh e above i . n s p e t t i o n s ;h a.ve b een eem p le te I sh ou ld aCL~;r ta !1e~ o f th e d ~liv~ry be made , Ret:nembetj ~t Is mu,ch easier [0c hec k d 1en v~ red [)i~mel:~han to remove instaU ~d an~ lOf 'tl.lh::r!:!t~dd~ckJn:g.- -

Th~C!om:r .er .e;ds:ui'fa~e of I .he C i J < h : h f 'l an !! i i s .nC1 l 'm~ l ly1~I;m~I..~lltldy I , l I zlne coming . O ( :h .@ f eoa t lng s m aybe spedfi1lld. hcwever, aluz:im: ilrp~.t:I,:(io~i ' i " '~ [ ~Inowed, .

Deck Ing {IDes. no t !:i~0I~.wen f(Jr Inrlg [>i! ir iods or [ i i 1 i 1 l . m e e e s u u c u c n s w ~ a s ,D'~dd:f!g I t H l n t l l e : s shouWn ot b e: d ell~ v~ rec lm ore th at o ae n l u n t t 1 in mJV l : ! , n . ! ! : e : o~ 'Ule i r ~ndlc i l !Hned use. B lI!!1d lesa ]'e best sto red forlong IiMH'iQds in 1 1 ''''m~hlm~~l ii ,' il l. h 10 ' \'1" i : m m i i r . l h y an .d sma l l \ ~{ !r ~a u ' io r lsin t e m p e i i a . m r e : . When s t o r e do t 'u . s ic J :eo r shon p ~ ' I ' l n d s o f ( C I " I : ! I.h.:y s.hot t l l I b e pli:\i:'l'lll i l ndcov 'e ! r~d :1 $ shew n in FK iUR l i . 6 , Th isen sures th at the i nd iv j ,hwl panels mrt: nUl dlrt!clly exposed 10 rain and SUI'! and .any condensation Jsa l lowed to (!;r ai l l , - -

D e c k ~ l 1 g b u n d~ t ( ! s a re nll.flnaHy encnsed j~1 \ \ ' und~n p a . . " , k i l n g . T i l l s . pael -: il 1 g i s usual ly d!] s~g ,ned to a U o \ \ ! "U rtin g sU ng s to b e in ser ted . :1 1ls reco mm en ded [hut eaeh hundh : be lifted using th e : r r i n n e s pro,vided.b y Ih e. m an ufa cturer . iUU~fl!Ot to p l;~ 'c elin in y s lin g s diN~li)' ln c on ta ct w ith ~he~a:l'le!ls,~cking pane l sh a .v e sh a rp edges t h a I elm c hun '' 1 g~ t h e l i : i f t i . n g sl:irlgn . S h e w l hm1.dles. ~ IP ~ .O : ) m~ t i ~~ i , S :o. l~ :~g~h. ma.}'b~lif ted w hh slo p in g sl in g s as show n in :F 'iOU :IlE 7a . Lung bund les shou. ld b e lif ted t ls.ing a spreade rb ea m a s ,sh ow n ' i l l FU:;URE 7h .

FlGURE G : Correct site storage tlf deeklng bundles.


23/65

21

(a) Sb on bu [Id les

FIG~T m'-? 7 '._ 'LJI,~ _"II


24/65

2 1

4.J' P . ' r o p e r - (leckit~f pllU;,(JJ,I.M',f:lt.Befon panel p~,acemem beg ins , th,e: ~ops ; of th e \ u : ld~r l ,y jngbeam s s h ou :ld b e. C : h ~ ' a J I I an d ,dry. Th is isp~lr t , tclJta.fly lm po rta m w h en 't.h rQ !u~ hd ec k w el;d in g, o f stud s j ,s sp~'ifl jcd..No te t ha t when t i roLigh de~t~~'e[dhlgls speci f ied., f l a n g e to pssno eld b e cleaned o f n l ,m , , s e : am e an d rem ain un ~p 3h m~ d .. Once , c ~ l i ! ' a n e d i .w a l:k in g o n the to p fla ng e sh ou ld b e avo ided .B u n d l e J i d e m i f i C ' 3 t i o , 1 ! ' I U\gs s h o u l d b e G heck :ed ~ o ensure: I ' h a t p an el It!n g:th s and t h i( ;k ! l e s, ~ e -s , c o r i" e s ;P Q n d r othose sh ow n Gin d) ,e lIeckl l :)g ~!I.ym!ll d!."awj~gs.N o 'tw }rk shol 'd i l ba permiu.f!lJ be low rh'f! atq'l w h o ' r : e ponu i5 are being ; n 5 w U e d . G uard raU s Sh01. .1 l~ bep rov id !d : 3 : [ . rh e ed ges o f .,h e f i ~ i s t h ~ d p i a t fo rm , NeU:ifig. s ! J . p p O f l t g c l b y the bo t tom tla.nge.s o f ~ h : e : undell'llringbeam , canelse be p rov ided a t the \ ~F o l'k i.llg e d ge , T e~mpon lilr J' g!u.a : l I 'dra l l sshould b e pl'ovi:de.d a t th e en do f each day a t a ll. un fin ish ed ed g:es" T his, is best placed 2 : metres b eh ind th e unf1nished ,~dge .A ty 'p ica~ hH : t a l hu~( "nseqUl ,m,c~ is ~ hOW f i h I F .~ G UR E 8 ...:Panel , p h l c e m e m should I l e . e i . n . a t th e ~oeat~onIS~ n di.cm ed o n th e decldng l ayou t ck~wi:ng. , W h en . th e deckilflg. b1.1ndie.sare n n . e d bu:o p l ace eaee sho uld be.n~e' ! l '1 0 tnsure t ha t:~I I pa i l 'e l overlarps, (l iFe In the same ! !Ur~c' lion (ovedaps are: speciill~ F : i b . s prov ided : 2 1 l o n a :~be: lo ng lt !.ic iHnal ( ld g ,.;: .o f , e l l l c i l panel, wt ! i ch f~~v er t i n ) ! : l a .s ;[ f uU ri 'b o f th e a dja c'e lilt ,l:u t,n e]). Th . i s elirnl[l3.tes\ 1 : 1 1 9 : need ~ C i i' !" 1 3 , ! 'l ,u J i i . 1 I > , m l ! ea ch p an ~~ . M ~ . n u a m y uuning , o f p a l l i i d s g rea tly s lo w s the i . l 'l . s t I l l H : ! l ! i o n p : r ( H . : ;e d ! il l f e .C~.lJtion should be obser"ed W ensure t.lnu pUlf!lel,s are I lO( hlS!I ,~ned (JIpsldli! dl l \ vn,. Th i ' ~ l ~ se3Sy to doi f a d ~c ;ld ng w j,th o pen ~rape-zalda.l r ibs, ts u sed . Fo r nl :08,1 open fibbed ( ]e c :k iI :i lS . embossmen ts should beo;rj,elill,ed such (,O;a lthey p ro jec t 1O\1'Q1't /S' th e c on cr eted s urf aee, The ' C O U l s c q J u e ' f l c e s , o f p ~ a cilllg th e deck ingup -s id e d ow n can be-qu i re s eve re .. P an els :s ho uld b e ~:ml. !d a nd s lld huo p ' l . a . l c e ~ a s sh ow n in l"1G 'U R E S S aan d S b.. Ifnecessary , pam,'I::; r na y b e 'f ie ld ~ cu t us ir l.g a gr ipder 01 ' nibbler. A.f1example o f this is sh ow n infK :iURE 8e. Norma l l y , fiel,d c u t t i i n g hi on'ly ne: ( ;~S ,5ary wbere ;I IGiohmm Oli Of her , o b , s m . ! ! ~ d < Q n s . i n t ' e r r u p t th ed eck in g, F IOU R E : 8 d.F w tlld : cuuing sh ould b e keru (,0 a mi:rdn \Ull l .:P ~n ele:rld :$ ~h (m ld ~ e ' b U l u i e d i t . o g e t h e r or o v e : r h : p p e c l a : s i.n d lc ;~ ued o


25/65

( e ) 1

FlGUBE 8: Typical d~kin,n st a ll at ion p r oc e d u r e.


26/65

FIGURE 9,~ Proper taping of hutted decking ends,P [",e ferred fa stener typ es va ry d ep end ing 1~IP0! ' l : Unl: ltiu~t~'lIi~l:! iv i t l l lwhich th e I !n d,er ly in g ' ' f r ame : lse :o n s:['ru c (.i;d . T h es e a re listed as, follows:

$ U ! e i , fi 'a n J ' t( !, s. Th ree lypes , o f f ;i !> t~T1en i, re lued . 5 b o t~ f if ed n a il s, :self;'li, l;p~i!'lg s~ rew s o rdr:c1ular p lug \'l," eld s,. If sllOH j,ro o n ~~ hi a r~ used I ~h f t s te el g.rad.~~should be co :mDadb~B. A .I Y [ l t c a . l~ self-'t,!l,ppilflg s c r e w at tachment i s shown i n FICiVRElOra . ,CeMl 'c te te a nd masol l f ' ) ' " FoJ: ' e O f l L O [ " L : n e : a nd m :a so nry S U P [ H . ' H ' [ S ::;bcn4ired I ' i I I ; ' lU ,S are p rl!ferred . A nexamp le sho[ nred nail and ~l l s l aU~t iml g!::1n is sb ow n ~fIi 'F 1G 1 JR E U )b . F ast:~ !'ler,s , sh ould b eat . I ' !l ! ias ',80 mm frQm t i h ! , 1 ; edge: o f th ~ s u p p 0 r ! to I[Yoid s ,pl~td" ,!I . U spUlt. ing O C C \ 1 I : : 5 . drillingand ,pluggi:,I1~ . 0 1 " o ther : p r o p r i ! : l l a . r y system s c an b e used to f lils te:nth e d ec k in g . I f g,ignifieant,i jp l i f ! : f o r c e s a re f o r e s e e n a woode l 'll o r m e u l l l in sen m ust b e. p laced ia th e sup po r t. T he p ro pe rp lac em em o f sueh la serts is ~ : h own I" F lOU R S l ~ . - -woad" F o r woo lie liS :;\llp pOns, s crews o r 1 : ' I ~ , i l sl'l:Uljr h e u s e d , A ! :ypical ' w o o d screw is . : s . h o w l i lin FIGURE W!;.

In;Ulal Irlais s llo ul'd h e p e . r j ( J r 1 m l 1 ! 1 . 'T h es e tr h,b shou l.d be diane O m t he s a:m~da y, u S i n , g l l 1 , e :s ame materials to be f lx ed ,0;1'1'8'(:1 f Q s u ~ n ' (J J " h w , a ll o t. ic J I J . The C O I D i " l ' e e t vhm,a!1 i l' lSpee l . ' il l) r I pr tH: ledur~ ' Io rs l: il lf ) l:~ f ired P'~:Miss h o w n i i n F lOU R E I 2 ;, T M s p 'm c : , e d u r~ e : n ! . l u r e s t h a : t '~ J i l ep : i n h a s t 1 : m : b e e n ( J I V e , ] : 'O r uaderddv le l1. W h en us in g screws c heck th at th e p an el is f i.rm .y p ressed a , g . ! l i i n S ! th ~ : H ! P P O n : . The p lm ; ,e nu: nt of jasteners reimi\"e MJ ,(he I Im /. (J i "I 'j 'i .f l .g SMPI )O fT " I n g en er al, f a s : t e n e ; r s . shouldbe 'ph l iced 1 1 1 0 . 1C ] O S e i f 1 : l l u l I T I2 0 nu n. firom : t~e l e d g e o f a m e u d U c s u p p o r t , and 8 ,0 ro m f r o m I L h eedg:~ Qf:1!. concrete suppo r t . CO:l'tCC[ S , U P f . M J ' r t [ )l a c em e l1 t . ~O l !'sliot f i r~dI Fas teners at~ s h own ~ : n .r ' . I G U R . E B.. -


27/65

N , a ~ iHih : i .Enp 2 1 J L IS

FlG1TRE 10:

, 2 . 5

(b)

Typical at ta,ch,I IU3um used between d eck in g , an d , th ,eunderlying , s 'Uppl r : t~


28/65

26

Steel . .

M in im um V a lues { mm ),Ty'O e 1 h1 1 0 602 . 2 , " 5 [ 60 2S,,3 2 " S 60 2$

Timber

FIGURE itt Recomrne_odec l 'w IQod,en a:nd, s t ,eel inseris:fo'r conc re tes oppo : r l s


29/65

. 79 m m

G o o d - w m h ie l' : s a : . r > e .oorrecrl.y p l aced

B ad . - ever d r iv t! :n ~ h ewasbersare plncmred

27

B : a d l . . o y e r d rr v e n l> o th w a s h -e .. : s :an d sh eet ire: p un Ch .!red

: 10mm

B a r] ~ I.ulcfer driven mI6tW()w a s h e r s . are n o t . ~!i.g:h~

. ~20 mmm i l i l . B O m m min .

Mi:nb1:1u.med.l!e~i.stancesfor sh,o t . .lir'f.d .f as ten s r s o n steeland eoaerete supports:~


30/65

2 : : 8

Confh ' ! i c t~OM b e t w e e n pane l s t seam fa! 'umers) a r~ ngm . l, i. d !, j' .reQuired ev~ry S O O r u m , f o r : s i. ~ g , le l ! ] l, a f 'l ,Ideckilga nd o nc e ev ery m etre fo r c on tin uo us sp ,a n deck ing . ACtUl~!ll'eq,uj_r,emenl.S- fo.t ' each bay are'nd.ic,a:ted o n . " ' e :' d :~c ldn,SI l a y o l l t c lr aw ing ..R ,eas o [l ,s fo! ' s , p e c i f y i n s ; ccnneetlons between panels are to gua ran t, e.e the req ,l d re .dIQadl~,ca:rry~ngcap' ii\citJ i rndrobus, tness o f ~ h~ d ~c kin .g . : P r o l l e : r ~ei!m f ! l ! s ~ e n . i n g mi .nim i: !H! ;S eencrete spmage.S~ am f a sr en , er s. b etw e en p ' a n l e ; ] s a re p,ar l i .c IIJar iyimponam :i f . h , ~ : a v y c;onSl.rucUm'l, h ' :m , c l s a re : e l( p @ { ; l t@ d Or ifth e d eck in g sp an s m ora th a n 3 m etres .T he p referred m eth od s iQ f H l l t a c : h i ! l g p a J i e t s i l r ~ b li l ld r lv ets o r .s elf .:ta ;p p in gs crew s , T h ese tw o f a s t e n e rt y J 1 e s a re sh ow n i n F [O 'U RE 1 4..

W hen th e de>ckinl~ is to b e used a s t empora ry in -p la ne b ra cln g fo r th e ~ n fii ll js ho o buUd.i.ng t addh i lomdfa,st.0ncrs " 'l U i h e ' c a U e d fo r on th e d ec kin g . a Y o n ' t tlr:a\vings.

SeI f~ tapp . in ,g sc rews ,

FIG'URE 1,4:' Typical, attachments between decking,


31/65

D e e Jd : n s , is;;!, I)fibtls~ , , \ ~ g . r - I . : . i ' r l g P' l !uJoml '\\'],l~n,p.rop~rIJ)/ 1 l~H!.:;ed' I u : u l f a ~n~n ed . Such p~a[rarm:sInJlil o:fu!;flIs\1ppon, ! ( l a d s we'lil in , excess of [hos~ ~Iwi sag~d hy I h ! i l ldes lgn~ r ~nd !l !} r a l 'd l l i , tect '1lis doe 's not el(,c.usc"hO\lllell~1'1 :ab usiv e an d d fin cefio m; P ", crtees Ilhiml1lt(!lY tit!: iwoid~db y obs~[villg !l~veril1l siolille rules.Gil;lef l .d~,~~. tlOfuiilliOUS, $P ' IU l d '~~k i! 1! : i s n U l , r c mll l ! 'S~ l hi ;m ~ i~ g ie S:[ ! !3I :1iS , .COrlt:i~l ' Io~IS :SpIUJ ! : '~bon:!ld 'b eusedwheneve r p O S : S i , h l e : hn \" ' I~ \ "~ J ' ,s,~ngl ! ! ,'l.Fit.lft m . uy bt : p re se ru n ea t lif t Slililli'ts,,; openIng.s a nd ol!]l.e!"changos illl ba~ ' ,g":O!l1i! lU'y. T hese areas should he ~I\"uil;:d fm'the 5U)r~1,ge of h~'lwymac.ed I~ .I'r pro,ps 3 h ! ea l ledror,lh ~ 'Y~hou ' l d l'i~p 'h l .~. :dh~fo l '~ ' ;h~' t il ~'k in l m ,il:)' I : J ' 1!lsed iis a , , . r g i r k 1~ s :p'h'UflOrill1l,ln ev ha'b ly th e: d e Q ' k w n g w m b~ I.ihIUiilr'~ I w E i t h n w i I~ v 1 , I I ' ! e l y o f ,s tJ 'e 't ! mah~r l !d an d tools . Th lls is , ,faken,bUD a c c :c nu lt b)' the d~~igJl~!i: '. 'who I~S~uin!!s. l.hu~~he.~:Ilu'lth; d o l l ' 0:0[ t';~.C't:l(ld L . : 5 kNlnl,::.

H e a \ r y ' l o a d s , hou' ld b e phlc:td near suppml,!i, .m d fht:'ir h t t d s -houl,d b e ~ I t ! i i I ! ; , 1 . h u r u n i lo we r a , m lm b ~r o fr , i b s lI1ii,ng w o o c l ! ~ 1 1 1 ~ llo c tl. ng ,. 01 \1 :1111:\lilll,Ptir.!!i t'*i.fl h e eHsily lo~,:;II'e(ilby n01ing; t b ~ 'IOC!.1liofl .8Eldo ' rten, t3J: i,on u : f !i:I,ll~l1r1,inlll~'~U~I"~,) ,"ph: ! ,I ,h . :~v~ C' I . I I 1~ 'HiU~~i"~ i i I 1~II. !(hi i : rH;:I 'ude'Ib ~ f ; 'o U o l ' ,v i n g ; :

Suu:ks ,o /wt 'Jh 1''th~rOI'(,r:.m(';,i' ',A I 1 \ 1 1 t ! U ' e h igh . w ek 0 1 1 A 1 4 J m '~ s h 1!'!! ' infoL'emant welgh : s '2 .2k N / m : . A . ~ m~u 'c : ' I I ' I ~ ~ I ~' ,m~k !'If A 1 '9.~ rl1i!i '>tl ~


32/65

,30

(b)

1 ! 7 I I " ' G " l i R E " , { ' 5 " ' ~-.&I.._,. _",'_' :~.,. ,_"'. E I f h t t- I d'- , ' I : . - . . , - 1, .. -; 1 -' I ~~ ,", I-:~'" - I ' : ' ",! '; I . .' ,' -~ I ::-,_ ~IIxampies 0 eavy eonstrucnon ea 8.


33/65

31

FIGURE 16: Ex : a n l p J e of eoneentrated eonstruetlou ..loads,


34/65

32

B , ea rin gw ~d th (a ls o refel"l'ed~o a s 's up po rt o v er]a p,) is th e lo ng itud .in d len gth of d@ckil l lg i n ,d1 i ' ec t COntactW '~ th t b .eS t lp po : rt . M i n imum bea r in g w idms h av e b ~n e s t a b i J i s : h e d to en sure th at excess iv e rib d e r o r m a t i o m snea l' sUP '.po 'r tS WEl l n()t ocellI, Min imum b ea ring w ~ dth .s are thus v , c r y i'm p o .rOU u .,H Id sh ou ld b e e O l e e ' k O Oand, IlesreC't!eQ ' fO!F a ll SUPPi0RS: pe rmanent and! t empo ra ry "

:M in imum, be :a r in , g wjd i ~ h s . , and s up p ed d (i ~ a.i ls ! d If fe r d e p e . n d , j , l : : i . g 'upon ti h e su,port ma,terial ( : S t ' c e ! . , C'H:I,I;:fete:~e re .), M lln im um bwiflg w id th s ,a re;diff-ermt for ' ~fj,t.e['iorand ,eltl!rio~" ( , e n : d , ) S~PP()I1:S,Typl~caIJvalues: a n ddetan:s areglvea fo r ti~ foUowi.llg:S ft !, e:l a n d' c o n cr et e. Compos i l lC shlbs mil steel 'O r c onc re te ,:SUPPO ' fU ihm llld have ,a m i n i r . u mbearing whh~, o f'S m m ' f o , r d'le s l , a ' f t ) ,and :a 'm~:! l~mu'me n d l : le a r , in g width o f SO iIII:Im f e u ; U i l il ~ ~sl1eet"S!H~f'la:YRE ~7Sia n d 11b. F o r o,verhl;PIJing arid !;O!iltiirl~:'h':l"US,s ; h e e ~ ' S : ' t J i , e :Ii!hllmum beat : i~g' width,silauld be1S mm, ,seeFIOURE nc.W O O d,C {)11, lpO s ite, masonry and m l M , r support zypes.Co,m p o s,ite 5 1a b.s o n su p po rt:!! m a d e o fm a ~ e f : i ; a i 1 s 'o du:=r th a.n s,teei a nd ~ on cr ,ete sh ou~ d h :a ve a ,m :in lm~rJ i1 I ' b e l i ! l r i i , l 1 I g r width of ~OO r a m t ' b r t h e .slab M id a m in im u m en d ~H.l:afing widm, ls 7 '0 .mm. fG f Ih e s h ;e et !,s ee F IGURE ~7d1,and,l7~," F;or' over lapping a n d , , o o n t l n u , o l i I s sh eets th e m in im um b e a r i i n g w i/dU l is~OO mm" see fl!G :U RE 1,t

7 5, - - ~ - -

C d ) " " i 170I ...100--I I'"

F 1 i G . . U R E . . ,c--; I " , . . . ._ ,I. - _.,' ,..1

5 0 1- - I I n50-I 1-.,50,'1 _--

' ' 7 0 :. . . . _ ~ ~-~. . . . .1l..K:: ~ beari ' d t b , C t - . ilL".J,, . ; .uDI.mum .earlngMI._ ..~-,s I ; o r pe rmanea t .s:uppOf"u:.,


35/65

33

Telmpo l 'a r,Y suppons .rIornlally cO.ll:!li~l. of woad8 .n bh :H :: .ldng ill :nd lo .r I steeJ [ , l ! a r e s l J P p { l ' r t , e d ~ by a d j u s < U i b ] ele:nyth s teel !u .bes .[)eGld:ng l a y o u [ dn.!!win:gs sheuld be closely e x a m i n e d fer [h ,~ number i 1 J i j d l ~ ( l c a d Q n 'O ftem po ra r~ ~ sup po rts , T here m ay b e sn ,l,a ll a reas \~ ph l~ l'ep ro pp in g jsnec '~~8Ji 'y \ Y h : e . ~ , e r u i t h i f l , m ai[1 are~ s o ft h e f lo o rr ,e :ma1 rn t l rn-pr 'Clp 'P~d . . SUGb c as es m~l,Jinchujie b a y S . inf'ilbcll ;afie:rlhe nmOV' ido f ,cll~m.bh~,gcfiilne:sa n d l i f t s h i a . w wb.kh IHli\Nl: n o n - : s u ! . l n d a r d s p a n I e ,n g lh :s , : I n s o m e : cases, 'u.su,a~lyftu- S~)a.I'I! a b o v e 4 : m.!!Jlres"i ~ m a . 1 b e n e ~ e s s a : r J 1 Q i! l t ,; ,d l d l e ~emponllry s~]l I1pOn5betTolr~p : a n e ~ pia . c e m eilLNo,rmal~y.!,tJijmponr}' suppcrts are: p]acedal mid~sp.an (one: prop). 3 1 U th~rd poln;[s (2p.l ' iOpg;) or i 3 i ~ quarterpoi .nu , (3 PF ' ( l p8 ] .PaMI~shou ld f:i!ew ~r~e ln~err.rllpu~dcuI) a t U ~ ~~cc!ltlon o f a ~ em p ()l'~ ry ,s up p ort. N ofa s t~n~ rS ! s hou ld b e provided between the t em~ 'O t il lT y ,M ip po r t s ; a ~ 1 j Ih e : p . a r u ~ l s . ,The mlnhnurn bearirng width-of w o < o d e f i h:IQcking d e p e n d s ; u po n ~,h e~hi.ct:ne:ss.of ~he sh~b. tJile spaR lengtha n d t h e p . i ; ! , r : ! ! 3 ir i b g ~ o - m c t r > ,. B I o e k i iil1j \ ' I . I " ~ d ls h l l -'[h~ - S O l O i0 m mwid e n ~ n g e . a r e : used. L a r g J e r b e a r f n s\ : v i . d [ i h s .s h o u ld b e u s . e c 1 if th e c J ! e c l d I 1 , g . ]S exposed i : ! ' ! ~ h ~ n n l s h e d buiMhil lg. T h is ~ s G Q - .i ' l J ee ~void .~IMving~nis igh! t ] " imarks O !i d,efo:rrl.ations on the de~~ i:ln g . Typ i,c nl t~mpofarJ suppo rt eKo;m ples, arre' Sh.own in ,F I G U R E l S a . A n : a ll c rn a t i v c ; l l l ( ! :l h o c1 o f 1 1 w o p p in g I :h.e sl' iab i s 1 .0 I~h!!cea s t~ . ( ! 1 be~m bet.w ~efil the, b o u o . 1 1 " l Inn.n ge iSof a,(lj8(;\elii l t .S~~[l'Ports. A ,g ain w oo dlen h lo c ~ ii ;l g w it h n m i nim u m ~iV~(J[ho f ]!OO m m s h o~dd be used.Tll i .s a lte en srtve is mUS:lr:u,eti in F IG U RE ! 1 > ." rops may ~eplaeedof l l t he cOfn po siu~ ! f lool i ' s dir~(;{t)f ~ i!n em h th e floorbe.i,flg c !o n c r~ b ~ tI ~ pr o y id ed i :h e,d e . s i g n c :a .p a ! c ] ~ y o f ' l b ~ f l o o r i l l n o t exceeded, T h i i : : sup po nil'lS flQ or. h Q i w ~ v e r, s h 0 1 ! J I ' d :at:;hi:evf;u s des,ign!M,i i i ] ;ng~~] efo re p rQ Ps a re h~~I~j,noo.llfnol.,Uf[ ,h~rp ] 'opp iT lg J s n ~~~ed , Prop , s sh ould n ev er b e placood l n c l I ! ) I o n th e d e,c kili1 lg a l o n ~ . P ro p s s h o u l d I'IQ~ b t e : 1 f 1 c ' !; 1 l 'l Q v e d u~lH th e f l o o r I t l a is r ' ! ! , a c h e d : is!; Q f i ~ s d e s , i g : nSm~]]g:lh.This is f1 om .m ll.y aehievedin '1 ~o s : d i a y s . ,

O [h ers v.p po r[, d ~m ils ; !iflily be used for s[ l(J 'lO' :: ij ,l jl ituat iOns. Tbe~ WO(lCen b~oc k ln g s lilownh li F IOURE , I.9 >ais used fo rlh e rt!halb~Utatlono( e :ds t iAg bu i ih l l[ng :s .The b~3dlflg wi:cl~hforthe \ ! IQod!~n: b l o c : k : i . l : l g should be ~ O O mm.Thewoode! : \ b l o < o k i n & shown i~ fiIGU 'R E ~9b b used lo r C Q n n e ' , c l ~ o n s b~twe:en oompQ!Sii t~ .s:latJ~andc o .n e re n e s h ea r '~I,'a.IH:.T he d etaH sll!O~Ii(l o n~ y b e u s e d fo r d~kil1g w~ ! h dov@itaUed ( r~ ,en t ran~) . ! ' l b s andprovided w ~ l h ad d it i o n a l r e 'i n f o r o e m e 'n t t ! h u : s iU 1 5 ~ E r l n : g : (hat t h e d e c k h l l l g w ~ n r e m a i n cO.!l !' i lec:tooto , tbec o n cre te s la b a 't er lh ~ ficmo v !!!lio f t h ~ t cm : llp o r!!iryMo c k .~ng ,No deck i ng be.lu]ng wi .d~~ is t l1 us ,. requi red.The t ype ; q uami~ ,y a nd em p h u ; e f l l i l e : I i l ! . ofadld idQnal1 r , e h l f o r c e : r r n e n ! mus t be cl~arlJ" i n d l , c : a t e d , em the;workinlSd ra w l n ,g s ~ . i 'Sit i s - es sen i ill f O I F ~fiJ~ijri lJg : a d l ! 1 i l ' l 1 J J l J j J : r u t ~o,adi , c a n ' y l n g , c:tlpiaeity. . A . . m ii , i 1 l : 1 U m [ . e m t p o r a ' f y b l ' o e ' k i : n : gwidth l o t lOOrnmis eeeommended . - - . - -


36/65

34

(b) ' T hnbe r beam .. les co pio s teel 'b eam

FIGURE 1,8: Typi ,cal d e ta ils fo r tem:po,ra 'ry snp 'p ,o rb ;


37/65

35

( ,a)

bar sE 'emporary prop

f i n i shed w an ~~I'.r-..:~if;

(b)

,FI IGIJRE 19; Spec ia l , t :empIDrary su :ppo r t d , e t a U s , .


38/65

S h e a l i 'c 'O n . n . e e l . Q I $ a r e g~ncm~ l ! i yu s e d I t O . p r lw i d~ s h e a r COrH!i~~' l i ;Of l between Ih e u!'lderr~lyi.rigs[~~:lbeamand the; concrete :slab" T w(} t ) r p e s o f ,wnn '! ! ' ,CttH' are 'w i~[~ly ~Ised ~ Il ht' lliding5~We ld ed , h ca d~ d' stu ds.~ 1I0' ' 'malf:~be tween 7 - ' to 1 S0 nnn ; 1 , 1 ' h e i g h l a'flJ i/ro m J a to 2 0 ' mm 1 1 1 :diameter.

S hea r eo nn ec to rs a r e o l 'l en in sta lled in dl~ddng ih~; O r! th e jo l'l slte ;lIft!:!' I t n l e decking ' h 8~Sb een . p h ': !c edl a n d fim ,ened , T heir hehav lnue d":j1l:l."lrJ,"iu p o n Ih~iir [ l I 'i 0 l le r O r i~ l ! 'I f j, ll io n and posIlionins i l l !h~ deck i ngrlbs, Regao oJess o f the :slih!'::i~~Onl'l~~'!ol' I ~I )~ . l. h~ n )~ k :i \'V 'i w :l g l'u ~~~ShtHi l ld l b ,e observed :

nUl ,fOP o f th e amsec t oe : 1' lw l tf d ( '~w( !r li (f (II t easr ~~5m m ahove lh,(! ribs ,and ,sho,~ lld lun l' l1 ,Q1 I,li ll' im m n c on cre te e ove tJl20 IIm~!fi"C'(Jtti;{d.'The de tami l~ of (be Jf,em' a m , lw c i r J I' .1 1 :i 'half be sue', that coucrese C O I J b e a de tju a tlJ l'yc'O~np(u:. l 'ed (l I 'omlt ! fh l! b ase o f flu' ,'OlUleclOt.Th m,(l\';mum 1()J .~K jmdbwla u 1 1 u - tlll'.f.'cllml' of ,h (r beam) c(':rrtre-lO-,C'erUl'e spac ing Iflshearc on ne cto rs s lu m /d n or ,(!;w,:f!td Q ' l im,,~ lhq f O w l ~1/",bt tuckness O f' 80 0 1 1 1 m . .

If shear eonnec to rs are in!


39/65

37TIle }1"tLdfuum d ec k thidm,( t ,~s '/sl.'2J mmftJ r 8 ,(J lvan lsc t }lHl 'ne ls ; (m d 1.5mmJ o r n() '~ '~g(J lv(J;n ' i~( ldpan'e/~"

The }lan ,ge thickness o f th e suppOr:f ing b ! ;nm~s ho uld m :; l a q Tess Ilian tJbOUl 6 mi'l1{cr 16 mmstu ds a rid 8 mm fo r 1.9 mm smd .TIle dl~uJ ' l lee ' OiJl lV'8t1'11 r h e cdge Oftlu1 sw d cmr l t h e eR ' l ! o f tl l' e } laugeQ f th , e .beal1l ' t(} 'wJdc/! if is- - -lY(Jfde(/ shou /, 'd ,be not le ss tha 20 nun.n ~ e m h l i m E l t 1 J , 1 ( .m g l n lc U n a / s f )Q c b J J 1 ' , 0 / s u , a s 1 ;5 'j l i n ' u t ! ' & : 1 1 1 q s : m d d /, t: u :n e le r n n t h e t 1 i : r e , c , l i o l ! ' f ! / . # l f J ',{;e~,m,l~;.

II,II II -

II I_",;d ,~

Fl'GURE 20: Typicalheaded studs7.2.. 1 ' P to pe rp Q S~ 'I 'jiQ n illg '( md Q r ie n t~ tiQ n in tlt le /U n g ' rib sThefoUow .ing genera l ru les nave been de\reloped fo r : poS~t iO l l l ingshear connect ,ors t nUle: deck if t,1j : : r :i bs: :

Sltetl .r ctmmtCl 'O I 'S o re u.~;ti ,a'U)1 1l1l,OC.!t' ;Jd ln e 'w~ r) ,'deeM/ i t : rib. h~J'lierl,I'tlt6 r ibs , o r in S ( )I 1 U ! e a s e ,in /XIi,rs il ! a ' w H Y r ib . AddU /m ,a 's lumr conneaor s h o u l ( 1 ' be posil 'i:mled in equ ;a f n l lmhet:s nearthe lliV ellds o f tile' span rOllSide'f'lul.


40/65

J , 8 'Som ~ m od er ,d f!tk~ ' ht'lw ,Q (:t'/Ultl' St~lIt 'm'ri ,j ' 11I,t ' , ; ib ,d,k,i~lm Ull'S 111 01 ,i t Is tmposs lb le toaUQc l i CtJil' t/ ;Qlfy 11~f :~ 1 I ~ , t I ' r , . .mmC !C IO . / '" . s m . : h Ctl~t~ i . l ' is ' , r - e r o m m e , , , , l e d In(l. ' , s h e a , , .mnll'CClors'(Ire a , r r a c f J ' ( ! , f l rD ' I lut ~'l"C! qf i!'lilr.'h ,~Ifffi.n,(f r;J'O:'li!SI to tbt e m l of till! beam. 7 1 'J .ilI 1U :ons I ha t adltmglt h , I ' ,p/,(}'t.'(!nlciU tt l J J ' l u d s lett m t , ~ / ; v m # r ,~ g 1~'eed:( i ( I .Shml ' C On m ! C I O l 'S C{J'~l'ic IJ' u 1 C l J ( ! , r e ( } ; , ;9,0lllar: lilt)' Ql~ 1 1 I 1 l o c h t ' : c i , o t J eadl licit! 0/ ilu~ s lU l tm~rI~I'djace"'1 ribs . l1 fe 08(11'",and' d'q$is'nets llm /l cl b e n m . n , ( , ' l e c l i/d('(lI"';lliIN' em ! I'lOt ell'aT',A l ,d is -a Jm ill'u ilie s ill , l lu! 111', t 'J. : i l~ '1:ilt! strltls s lw 'rlld b e (marllM ,ill !udt a noO) ' ,/la, ,bolh edges:.0 1 th e d ec kh ','g {II ,fh e t n~ to nth w./ r'j' ,Q r-p , {J J' Qp :C 'I 'I)' ' ' tm"ha'' t!d, This may , u , l e a l l ' ,p~aciIlB' S ' i . e a rc o n n e c - t ' O I ' S I n a z l g Z { I ' g p t l ,f ti . t1 ' l l a r o n g ~tl{! l '~am, 1Ji~ r l , l I , r l m u m , 1 1 . r N m , c e f - r o m # I ' , e ~1~lc,arc o,m tllC l Q r,o " Ire edge q/,rl ,.(! d(lcki, l Ig ; , , 20mm. JJ,/M,ul,(! oJrhi3. bet l1J lS 'WillrJi,mgtf widths lesstlrmJ' 120 ,m " , n rr ; ,G f ,i{"(mrn,~"II'{lrft'. , s " f ' ,F IGURE 2 1 lo r spodngJ , (1m{co 'W !rs to Ill!adsl'srm/J'.

'ThnJUigl i t \cc:k \\ '~Id rng nUly h i! ] l!: 'ftQ:nnli!d i~ij tiillgl~ l l I IH:nl ion. ~ 1 1 " . i E I I g a han t l O[il!rilU!~ "g u n' w bh :hwliI:lds 1 l I 1 1 1i os l u d I~lraugh I l l , ! ! t11 !~k ur ec lg ! l: ft 'i .! 'n IOI ,h~ ~t,t':e'l l\ i,~alin b e , l 1 i i l ' a l ' t ~ . A g : e f j , r ! n l 1 t ' O r O r a o I ' U J O , k V , A ,Ih re e- ph a ,s i!' m n in P O \ J\i'I~ rstlllllrdy rna) ' h e ' ul ied En, ptlW~l' n~1IlSUl!h !:u n ~,. T h e' g e~ erilU U ' sho ll_d n OE ,bemQ re 'In an 1 ,,::;,m e r r e i : Ih . lf i, j ' tP~,~m 't h ! i l 'I f r l tm e . T h e : C : l l s n m c e h~!\,\jl t (i11 i l h e s :m d " IJ~UHn,Bgul ls a n d t h e: p o , w e r Clolltroll . ! l , hmmh ! l n ! J I l e x , ( ; I I ; ' i i ! d ' 8 0 m~tl l 'e,h!l~~m!)je o r p O W ~ 1 ' :10'!'Iii 's, . n t h e c o O m i u l l , r ; : o l i n , g : c ,a b : l e s . T h i s ,bnpUe s Eha l p ro ' rl ;i s lon fa r r~ t c a : t i : n . g , ' r , h i i ! ' p o\\ '~ r ' c u p p l , y ~ Iundd be m a d e as w ork p f o g : r e M e $ . Be fo rew ( l: I: tU I l i , !1 l l e 'l e a r t .. 1 1 :nanllll.allh~:m H u r . : '~ i . ( !1 ~ ' .W i l 'y from n e a r cr b~ou~h~ 'workjng a re a f . h ~ f o re '\ll,I!eldinllliil~s ,t u d , [ ( ) I h G l ; s m e ~ 1 1 f r ' i l I , ! 1 1 t . l s e v e r JII'!'~I irnillal'~' u i i . ! !isbmll.d h I ! n U l t l e ; T h l s a l l o \ . v ' $ , t h e o l , e : r 9 ' t o l : " to p i r o p e : r l y,a d jIlU l[ It b e p ow '~ r ~ on lruls fOf the slu~Il!i. cII~,dd~lI ' .S ' l ! i !~~heum, humidilt~l. tenlp.; . t~ture aD d Op l :fa !l:O reo:ndil,iol'iis; dlul'i l1!g th e :H I111 - ' : ' d ~!)' e nd Ih~' seme :'ihlil~a s :S l:m ls a n~ ~D h i l l ' \ V ~ l d ' ! i l c ! l ~O' ' t h e ' SlftJ ' : ; ;UJlr '~ ilu;ielf.Srudls m:;mno,l1) ' shorten 1 ' 1 ' . , 1~1, '~mt) I 'm," dur : ing th ~ \!"Iel,dIng j J : 1 1 0 C r ; ; : S S .A. 'b elJd l~~ " Is , nomll~''IIy 'u~~iJ l l[tl ! o !b ~ t :k w~h J ' ( ! l :m l i I Y . Ttd lS leSI t . "O~S15 fS ,of bend in g ~he s : h e : r u 'connl!c[or \Isii'll&~I I'..3,metre hll,g is 'I l t lotdi,l 'Ig n~b~ (or e ' (I~ I. i\ 'n : le l ll ), I I' ~h ,ew h !l d o~no [ firac t ...reafl:er,3 .30 degre~ bent! rhen II : i :1ll~l ln!l idr:r,e~1 OI~c~rni' lhl le:,. 5m d:s i [~J,; tt lClhuu' ld t ie 'b ~m to wu reJs, th e l lear,e5tco lumn, and h .~ " 'jill 1 1 1Ii! ir h~n., pu.s i6uf1 . TIl is , U ~ S . I : , ; 1 ' 1 : 0ul d hI:!1', l ; !p~a[~d'n r.tI~(Jom Q~ ill, , m , a n , A l ! l m b e , r ofstuds. -

The m O S t , 1 )O p u l [ l 1 f' t}lp\lS \ l ' t ' ' ~ ~ d c l - t ' J l I 'l : t I H ! \ ( 1 O ' I n , ~ l ~ s , a r e shown h ' l F . l O U R E : 3 '2 . W h e n &b'o~"f ired, c o l ' d ~ f Q r m e d aJnGh~si;lfl~sed; . h e u p p 1 e r I l i l ' l ' l g e o f Ith:~ s,[~!:ll hean 'l lS , l1!u !' .1 no l b e , c E o o n tH ' d r y a n d : m ay'b ~ pa in t ed . ~n ,geIJend IheIQI I (Jw~rJg ! in i l luu iun ~hml~d he r ':S relg ,;;t~ ; - -

Tiw j1 ,angt : , . / J . l c k n e ; S l ' o f the sl~"POJ'lil!R 11t1' l1, I IUi l ; / ro lt . ld t im be le ss rllrm is I,IIil' jo r 80 r'lftl' I l . i g l z( J J l f , l u (find a mmJo'f ' , a l'tiO m m ' I~igh'tlI.lNIf'.


41/65

-

I

~----rT

S25

1032

~mI!18i1dlsm d

7 ,5100' i . 2 5

U . : ! I o 0 m m , IMn -COW W i iv ;Q c , ~ ,d l tlO " 5 1UI~ 20m n iil c o r rO$ l~a c o l ld l lJ o : Il 'I S


42/65

I C J :,

IHVB

~ ~!l' :l. . . . . , ~H V E J 1410

1 2 .

1 1 . 1 t . ,

40

rW !] : ~ ,

t"!, '" I- ,

F I , G . I ' U . .' R , ' E 2 ' ; " ~ "_ 1- ~,,~~, _~"


43/65

41

T1iu:!: r g n ow i n g illfu rrm llio n i;( }i"U '~ r,lI 1lll1 g [ 11 ;; ,rfliler ( ~ r i r : l 1 I t : ( l 1 1 m l ~)! cald(cmmed : 1 l , l l g 1 e s in d e l e ' k i n g ribsi. s l H I . S ' i i l d u . p m ~ rm m u ,t 'li m r e rs i , I i \ l S , t s i~l ' icJ i,n fo l'rm u i nn (S iiI,'il'f igure 2 3 ) . . FOI' I" I,, ' l i ler i ,l 1 l : c H i 'M a l i o n L b eI _ ' --m~iiiI!,iI,. tU!!Nr s ' h o u m d he (uftsldliol I:

l " ' 7 ~ C ' / r a ile R ' u y l'e , r s i tu ' taU"ti ; 1 1 " , ' , i n , r i ~ ' f I ,w"; ;"a l h o g m ay be e ithe r ~m.red i , , ' ,h i] rib o rpo,sitlontuJ .1 0 g/i,'t a 40 iN.lI; m,illinuu)1 df{'I','onr:e r n , , , ( / lled:,itltJ".W ifl l two O F 111~t '(~(I l ,~/~sI'/;" d!'ldll~ rill, the j.(iI": l 'UrllegI t t l , , , , , lU 1 eUher CCRtr.iI 'd til r i , l t J ' rIbor ,,'/re mm ell {/hpU l 1 /1 -",CC'/lTI'(",~ t li n. fn m m S :f lo t' i" ~ ~ ~ 1 0 0 f/ :i w r/ 'i uL t l m I II ,~ ' ,d,cl.:iflg , : U > , v : e re 5 0 ' I IUU for ,rib , ( i f ' p . r " , ! i , l e ' O f f tha n ~ (),m m " lmd U) ( ) nu } f . : ; t I'll, d'''I"h~ . " ' I I ~ i 1 w r. r i m ' , ' : 5 1 m m ,

A IZ 'g le s J/rO llld' IJt' p1 'C fcu l 0 d'Ol"t', In 111("n'UUf." oj Ilu' rib as pri'j,ibl~.nu: \'el"li' ,,',lleg of r1 ", t l l , fMI(1S U W S . f ,I)l! i n the', r ,J ' IWr . 1 / a l / ( , y , r l ' I C f "'"',".ib~ ', .

'The: iHl!.d,p:nU1!RI 1 ~ ! ie t 1 I ~ II I ' '~I1~J"~unnt:d fP .n gl~ " L ! ' , i n l i l l ; J 1 1 i I) ' L h l U slim ' 1 1 1 lril :FrOURE lOb. : B : e f o l i c ,~ihm,~firll1g c o l d -C o n n e d . im ~ J t : ! ; hI ~ I ~ ! : :'1.i'iI'!lu~ h ! ' ~ 1 1 ' . . il.I.'i\l'~II'~U' Hi.lts ,!i~R!~ildbe made 10 d!ilU~f.m.hlie l ~ ' 1 i l icer ree ; caJrU'i,ds ~ ize . Orl~'~lililo, is d~,tt:(fiiii,il~,tlUi'llltr I'!il.~!in r~ n o t irn it ;i~ elt ry I ~m le !isd:l- d~ :~k illig : ,o r'upper f l ange Ud~kn: ; l !s dm .hg l ! . A \ . ' , i l"aE1~1 II' nurl1n"d:I) ' lL"C I m cl~[~t,i1linl!. .if d 1~ s h o t. f:ir~d :pins h_v"' b ~ e n ,eo ,needy SI!!. T his can b J E l dUlll~ h ) ~ ! i~ l.Inp,ar ir ig u'il);~r\'t:LI r'~!ildts,'!lilt! th { l~e ~ I i' !Q " ' ~ m n 'F .lO U R 'E 1 '2 '" I f ehapt~,r 4 ... " . . S ' ' . ~ '1 " ., #."'f .petta, ,C iO 'QSIt .,e l i:t f IO ' I~ '5 ' .lor S L m, l ( " t'P!llf)'IST h e s e i i s r n i l c fOil"i:i!S :~m!:I:Ut:d l h . D ' r i n . ! i l , : ' ~ n~;,LlI:hqll~l~k'~: Ir ~ d h ii ! 'U,), r ' l ! l u u : : d '10 I l b e : 'W 1 : ! '~ S : I1 H ) ,f~.h~ : o . m p o > s i ~ e .fh :u u. Tiu s tltti.! f O I r C ' I " 3 . :g!.Jinotlijn~1in i! ('nmp~~~i~,~~hlhare gi~n~liil~lysmillll,~r I h an l d U I ' l H : : ierJeli,i .n~ i l : l , a[lorma[ s[:IIbuf the :~mn~ l h l" . .knl!l'';, Alii ~'i~~I;J. ' s.1 . i 'l m p ( J s , i lU ! : ~I~hs.r\l:inforc:~11 conerete, prec:IIst,p r e- st re ss ed e on er et e, !.ll";,)' m;'I,.y'I~t a s an ln -p lnne h t 'a ~ i n ! l, d u : r" i" :! 1 S , a n ea rth qm lk e. I hu s, s,ignit lcil i l i l ta d d it io n a l f o r! !, e Imt)' b e g~lIl~r>;u~d.COl'Is,m ;u io n d i1ta ib s:~tm m h lb ~ : ~ t d ~ ! l l 'l ~ d iu ,aUo\v fur th ese, fO>I :~~~, S ( j ~ :c ln eM l y " t h ~ i lotH' : S h o u ld b e :a[taclil~d 'wan tmdt!:lrl~'ingb~am~ using gh'~l i1r l :Om1t :CUl l 'S ~eitb 'er smds O ' l i co l ld~fo rm,d angl~) . AIiQln.imum. 10f:2 sh e ronn.t: '. tors : p e r : che~~ .a nll p ie r ~Ul'lp,n1j Ii! ' omm tnd . u i l fo r U glu se:ism ,ic ~EI~el.gM.,

\Yh,en til.: compo i l : d s h h is LI,St:d u" p ' l o i i' m : ~ i :1 J : m inpbl.r:iH~ hrH l. iing . i u ldh iO l '1 la l n:,cl iuirementsmay b e: imposlld.


44/65

42

u > 0 m m IrIOIl , c O f r e S i l v t j o D o o H i o n e-- -til.!': 2 0 ' m m OO f l f C i l S h l i ' E ! 1 c o ' r n , c U l I O n l

1 , HU'!JI m 9 c rilo rpe l ' I i I b l l o v e r th o" " " " " " ~ ~ . . w ,o b O f' , B i t e r !1 Q t a i y' Iadn,g lleft 8I'!~ .- Iflg~;t

,_ ~1"OO ....... 1 ' ; ;-- _~I .--I


45/65

43

D t !< c ki n, g r il ):! '; {r (! ;v ,e rs :( ! t o f lU ! ~ m pp () rI 's . Shon owrh .m,gs, . 600' m m o r less, " ",UI be s tif f ( s m a l l : !def1e~tiol ' is); Ed ; e : trim 'w i :l ll he t ! . t s y 1[0 tb in p la ce am i w U t no t def l~ '~~ :excessively i f l ieb,i lCk~are i ; ;orre~tl~! insnfBed. QV1.'lrh,m,gs I l o l I i I g e r [h ap 6 00 m in ! ' l I r e : n o t l!oR'U u .o nly u se d.De,/;:,III,g ri/)s lU1nltld to t"f ~ , I , pp (mg .Sho t r t o v e l r l - u m g s , . ' 1 . 6 0 r nm, a f ~ f l , e ' x i l b l l e ( l iargedefleetlons). ]f ~.heo'V !, ' !~'h.n~gs less t :h~LI l,160 mm, I!i~ hack s are n,ormaUy ! l~l t l ieient . . If l on geroverh aog s a re needed i t ls usu ;" l I~ l necessa ry w i l ls~.aUHcfdi~k~!J la~' \~PP011 '~such a!i,SiIllPbeams),

P roper ed .ge deta ils a re Iil,~~~ss,iitry ' to ' N~;LI r h e ~lrce~1Hl h~ , 'u :ncreh~d ~ m ~ 1 IQ I P ! l " o v h l ~ 1 , e d g e s , ~ o w 'h ic h.r; ' laddi:ng may be au,al , ;h~d. Shnp l~ t lX, iU'l ' lph!:s i,lhg~HCI.i.ing l l r p i l ! r l t , d~t


46/65

(b)

1- , ---.I

IS_pie exierio l :"qedela i i lq : \ 1 1 , t b t it ba.wfor : ! i l e e I SDP!po r t s~- -


47/65

FlGURE 25 ' :

4S

_I (b)


48/65

4 6Tie b ac ks a re \Ise(j to ' hold '[ h I; n lP p~ r pal ' l l : u .f l h ~ edge : t r"nl in i t ! f . cori ie~l h_ :ri.~(intal I P O s , i l i : o n a nd toreduee venleal edge lr i~u d~fur.l l '1ali 'of: ls., T~e:li~ck spaci:ns , should li;l~s m a ! ! E n , . t h i c k s~ibs, n , d f o rr 1 : 0 1 l 8I()v~fhang:s. Minir:n\lm de ~HI,ck sp[! lc~ngs ar e t ' y p , i ' l ; ; a U y 2 S 0 m!ll ' land mm d m ! l J ! ! w values ~ I r - e : ~,.Omeml. ' T i ebae :ks a r 'e f iOfn :ml l~ ; faShm

I n t e d c . E ' e dge, d e ta ll s m a y h e IrM:(::;;:,~S~~f)'l n : c l w a d m 1 " l G 1 ! In d r ~ t t oJ'ienlitlion o f r il ti 's . I tem porary edgesb etw een 'Q r l~ n :: ti ng s, ~U' :x,Jlm~sjon ju ln ts . These ~dg~s a re m muili ly n ot vlsiihl~~fulf ' c onc r e t i ng . ' P roperedge, d ! !t a il ls al' l;! necessary hi se:.1 Ihe~lr t !a ' Iuh~, c en c re te d. S i ,m ,pm ie d e x nm p le s of : typ lca l i inlerjOf''eds:e'h~li l i l l~are shown I h r s~ !;!~'1'i itlfl~i~)lr!!i. with j('linll:< h t l U ' \ ' .h ~ m [ian~hlIQngiuuIDim! l i i lnd tran:s,ve'i : :se tO i[h ~ : su p,p o rl , f or [h e fu lh) \ \J lng I i . !H!HlS;

Po, r IW O p ,m~h , hluli,l'(j[ l ag~ li im i t ~nch uther, FIO URE 21il1 . N(:ltl!! : : 1 : h H [ ~,l:l ight: ,B~HIStt o o M - f o , r m e : d ,s te~1 s i1 t :e~ : r iH ' ll n , : d i!~ ,~ "Z" i~~i l~ l~! ' l~~J11h etw een rlh 'e a d J ~ l C ' e f l i l pane l s , TM s h !:lp iS ~mpi iOi"C the:joint and I iWl l i l concrete 1~li!ak:i,ge.Fo r nvo p anets no t bl l~ lh !d '[()ig ~'th lJ r. F IIG URE 2 7 1'1 . Ag .a j,n ,3 Hgh ' l gauge cok! ,~ fo ! 'm


49/65


50/65

( b )

(c)

FJ:GURE 27: :

'FIGURE, 28: Typ i , c a l examples of u b o x e : d : . .out" openings.


51/65

49

AI ! : O ', pe :n l n, gs ~ a~ eh~ s~ iI ' i~dl a " sm all ;sh(~u~d itl~ i:l~)Df;~th.'rl:lllas ! U l r g : ll . , For l a rg~ < u p g n i n g s . 'i t 'may ben ec es sa ry to s tre ng th en hlUhl:h~, dr:~ki,l!l lg,tm d th e cmnp'lJsilht M~uh .Tn!!i 1~ I ' lo : l 'l m a ! l ly do n e ss ron.o""s;Deck;1Jg. A('i ldtt, iona~ SHPPUI,'[S lliilU)' 'b e add ied near th e o pe ni.n g. II ts eS~;(lnl,i(f1 ~/nu ' \\dlcnooc li tior la l ; J'~~PP() 't tJ n: no r pl:m'h/~d, a/fpan,e/.:j" (,fif' i(jt in plar:q (iur,tn,g (Q'lilc:rt!t.lng. Ttu~ e.ffe.c t,g f ~uuil lg pane l s t ;~ \ .J1 \~~i: i i lk~n th e (ht~.ki ,na ~o t h ~ ! 1H ea n no ~o,fige:r 8 a ' f c ~ l l y StIP!,O.r '1 ~heV l ! l d ,gh~of ' [he ,~t. (!lmCI!'~h!. -Cornpo5i .N : s lab. A ! lld i l im H : \ 1 mtlilli\ler:!


52/65

509. Reblrorce.nent

Thl's ' C h ; : l : p t ' e f i rH: lud!es,normal I!eln~orc~meru, requiremem:s ~n i:poshive~ ( i n - , s , p B i n ) ~i'!d r J e g 8 t i Y , e , (suppor t)rnoma rn r l' !g~on :s .Add~Ho! la~ re ii il ftm: : ,em e l ii lt :n .ea rc > o n C ' l ! f i t l ' , i ; ! u ~ d lo ad s a :n d a t I S l I r g , o op~ning ,s is alg,Qdiscussed.'T:ypical rleinf1orc:ement d eu d ls, a t s up p ortsa nd edges, ho 'we:vert~ ,l [' e s li il own in Chapt , !u i' "A.~I r e i n t i o l " l c e m e : n t sllou ld b~ ptOpler~y snpporred, Th I s i:tnp!1 es t ha i l h shou ld ~;I!Jt be a J : l o w e d i to sa,ge;(c ~s s,iv eb ' o r d is pla ce p rio r 100.[' titlring C O I i l , c r e [ i n g . Saggil i lg: U IP tO I 1 5 rem i s c on s:i detl lil d o ot n;,i li l and wil l,n ot ,e ffe ct th e p e . r f o I ' f ' l l a f r ) C e of t i l e . compo/si te sla b. Vith em l ca]cu~,ati!'!ig ~be nnmber (lil,sup/ports th at sh ouldbe 'used, th ,e: CO' lJ ls tnu;t ionphase: shouildl no 't i b ef legh~ c ted . :Rem,emiler th at tlu,~ decikii[ng ii s I U H l e t ! . as nU~:mlporary p l a t ' f o r . I 1 r 1 l . , Wo:rkmen " [ C O l se\,lera~ trades and t he ir l equi piment mla), b e J oc :~ tetl en ~he decklng.Re~ ' omme 'n I dedS;UPP0mi; !lire sto o ls su c h a sih o se sh o \'\I'f!i~ F IG t J'R E 2 9 .

A min imum :mesh : re in f o rc en1 !en t is g en an lUy : i' e' .uh~ed . The mes h is no rmaH )' p laced a t lBa s~ 20 m ill" bU I.no t more lhan4S mm, b tln~a"h lh~ ; w op o r th e :;I~bh Me sl1 s ho uld be ovedappoo In t he ; d l rec t len o f thed ec kin g r~ bis[lY a t le !ls t 300 m rn , nUl P !.lrp O ' S'~f 'Ih is m e s h is llO!Ff IO~ ' ide t ransverse r e in J e m : : i ! l1 I ' e IU , s P l ' ( !C U / t" 'g 1 . ' r , u J t J sb e . f l . L ; a e ! , ~ dftr:ki l l~g r ib s a n d , W ' p l ' e ' \ ! 't ! fl l ' I p l l r J ' i l l ga km ,g I h,e t in es o f she ar Cj')lll1(!','tOf':S. if 'U~),;.

Ht l3 .v i ,e r meshes F;I~2y be ri!quil't'ld clue to la rge eoncemrared jeads. s lender stabs o r w tu!::n 'rerfaz20 or :olll,erb r ii tl ~ t1Qo I i'G o v e ri i] ~ gs a re u se d.

U ]~rge o pen in ,g s a re p resen .t i~ the s l " b a~dl ; : iQn~di n - s p a n r e , i :! T f Q r c : , e m e l n ~ m . i I I > " b e s ,p 'e ? c ir i ! 3 d . A typ icalex am ple o f su ch ndniorceme:m .i's s h o wn ifllF [QORE 3H l Note th::n nil!! lo .ru.g . imCl ina l le ~ n r O l ' c e : m e . I ' U isplaced il l the decldng r lb s , T h is rein fo rcemen t is mea ru tc r1ep]au;:ethe, d ec kin g (p Q ~iti.Y 'ernomc!Ur lC'hl '~orroell i lu~t l iOwhich b u s been fefl ' l lO'll ,~d. Tr,allils,ve,rse, r ,e i ,n~or~~m [ ;i !mh as , a [~Q been added , Tllisfe~~fif-Qfeefilleflitb~ used 't o ensure 't ha t h :ig h fo r,c e- sne -a r '[h e co rners o r th e Q [ l e n i n g , m ay be d' is ' tritlUled overan adeq : l I luep .~mb~:r of d'e:cking dbs . 'J t a ls o im np ,r ov e:s I.he ~tl!.ndifig s t r l l , ; l : n g t h of the. slab . i iD it s we,ilkd ire ct io rl. T h iss ,h o l1 ld b e p la c ed J u st b en elll~ 1lt b e n o rm a l m e s h : r r ; i ] ~r()! i~em e n i ! : .

Fcrseme appUc3Il 'ions ' the natural fin; resi,stan~@ o ra C On1pos,ite s , I : a b may nOl be s\!ffh:h~i!ltOne me~t Jt odo f iI ii lC l "~ i3 ls ,~ngnre : res ls rance . is to ph l iCe :a d d it i o n a l i n - S lj . ' i . ! : l : : l ir - e i n t o r , ( : l; '! l m e n t i n [ h e d e e k : i n l g r i b s . W h en c p . l a c i : n gfire rei~for'G~meliilt: it is of 1 . , u m o s u impor~:~ \nce It o en sure Ih a,t th e m in im um ,sp ec ified O O A c r e m e C Q 1 v e r isr espec ted , .


53/65

51

M~fliI !11:Ull l ! i~![ : ip()n i;elf:dhlt'~Ii!!IVh'l'lli i . S I lUWnHd~ ) f 11'~(J~:uin::d.Tll:~S, ls t yp iea11y p :t~C 'ecl ab ove d ie m eshr eb rf or ,e eln en '! a nd ,cmuiril..l~S(ll least ene t h h " u t h e dls tance t l J i ~ h e a dj !l~ em S 'U P [)Q 'I 1S ,.l i ~hg' i."ninF]QURE31.A cJ dilt io na ls t1 l)p m tre ~nfb r.0 ~n,em is n ot n ec essa ry if eloncre[~;c i l ' a~kingis r iO t ' (mnsidered '1IrlS,~gIHb'.Su,ch eases would t Y m l j , ~ ! ~ l i y h e : :SUlnig!i: t~~iUd~s o r ril~toli~ies. Ad"ilidonai otlga!ive mQ lm l c m .f I~ l :n fo : rce 'menl may be nle'~li~-ary i i ' f brinl~ r i : n i s h ! : ! l s a re used . -


54/65

5 : 1

T'MqbfiChuof(!E!wenl

I ' .0.3.'- I un. - I""!If ;. .--~ _~I

FIG UR E 31:


55/65

53

1 0 , 1 CO I /e tC ,l e l )p e sCome: ri te i s, ' l i i i o r , m a J l y ,el-ssmed a , o c o ,. r d l n _ to i E ! : chara erisde cyHmh , ' compress i,I j,e s~l ' iength~,r e t : . " T h i ' S , ismenSl lI r' l. l' d a t 28 day ,s !.Ising, , i! ! R 1 i n i m l l ' m o f fhn~e 'tests o n 3,00 mm lo~g: by 'I SO mm d ih~nu~nu:a y H i u l : e np re pa re d c u drll, 'CO'llc:reting and s ",bseqU~I l' II )' sm red under \Valt~r (tllbe-s l 'I1Iay . abo I r H ~ UlSed)., Th 'e ! lJ !lm i !;proci_dl1fe: is usa! f or b a 't h l ig h ~ 'w , e: i, gh 'tand norA~'3iI~\Veig!hEco~:nues. The ' E : e i r m ",li..ig;hll_'eighl'" fief-ers '[ 0C:O'I lCl"2tes wi' th ' " ,",~ights ' t J , e l , w e e n . I ,' a n d ,~ 9 Ik N (n lll~ . No ' l 'm~ '1w e i , g l n , " ca~et'et. ' l t .y :ph:a l l~ weIg~:s be tw~ien2.3 and 2SkN J:m". W et concrete w e , ig i l l s o r e 'bel; \:" '@ I~i j O.S a n d : ~ k N / . m ~ ' liIi,;nef i : h a l 1 d ry w " e i g h t , s .Irh!3rly CIOnCfl!lF S : 1 r ' e n g l h is 'needled G a s m ;)y 'b e ' t h e ' GiS~ i e,p ro ,s , a ret e b e l i e m O V I m (II" , constn ll c il ion loads,app :1.d p r io r '!Q 28 days) an a l l t l l r n : i I : r . i v 1 e : pmced'l l f ' lJ, is lIsed lei delennine cQncre te ,s~i"enSrh,.Addit ion.al~y l .ind ,e 'l 'so r cubes :lbould. be: cOIl(irel:eclil,IlUJI sto red in ~ir. T e : ! l . E s s n o l l l l d ~e pe'rformed t he d a yp ri l.lr ~ o p r,o p'r e m o \ l ,1 ' I1 1 1r l o a d , 1 , p p , l i c i l ion. N o r . m _ U y . i ' ,S W ! , '0'" I h 1 .>d ~ s . j g n s lr ~ n g t'h is I ' e a ; h c t' i i n 1 m 8 d . ; J i Y s .A m i i r l im u m O O I 1 ~ r e ,t 0 1d\1slgn ! 'Urength, r o f ' eQiI~.po si le :lj ,~ub sh ss b een s p~ cil ': i i!d 3S, lS :N /m ~~ . I f th " stab i: sai lso I u! ul d a s p 3 r~ o f 3.I!om.io,s ite be: tm. h i gR ! l ! l r r~q , 'Uiremei! lS Im3)1 b e im p o s , @ d 1 ( 2 5 N'Dlm~ ,o r a ' b o , , e ) l . 'UpperI ~ m i l : s . f O . r e e a c r e i e fel ~SI311l1_ . m a , b ~ ' . s p ~ c , m ( ! ' 4 1 i' r ! l : l 1 . e , a rC!i)frl!l leC'tlQr~,ijfe used .T h e I l lQ m lm d d i ' M t : in . s : I . c m o f i , h ~ l , a J : g e s ~ . ,alggli1!gJl!:I; 5 h G U i ] J t r u b i l l ' s m , a U I o l L " I Ih . i l i n l I : h ~ s m a l l e s i J : o f ' m e : f oUow ingl i m i . ' [ S " , if.l~ : F ] G U R , E )2: . - .

T he'se U mim ,are set to enSUTIl; ;lul:[ '.h e: a Jn ~n ne lin ay b e , e 1 u l i _ y ' Pb t~ .w l linto Ith,e d ' e d d : n ' ,g 'r ib s : an d b etw ee n- -reil 'l ro ' l'c~ng' bars,

10' .2.1 Gel ler tJ lBefoll!!: c one , e dng . th~ ' u rFaoo ,D r c : he deck. in: : ! i~muld,b e IcE n. I f Idle d e : c l k i n , g is lIlJ[ c'h~ln;j ' I : h i ; s . can b ed am : ; w 'ith a nO ' l i l 1 1 l a l Wl:lttll' 'o:se, , A , l'Iilin f i l lm o f iliUI'ril,e~ gre!!t~e0 ' 1 1 1 p a ne ls" a s d l e l l ~ v e : r e d ' 1 ' 0 ~dte~s , ; a e o e : p t a b l eand do~s nO'L I~:ft'~cr bond o f ! JOecon .c re; te I,g g~lvlllli'li1.!!d-steel;Concr" fl 't e sho~J' ld lJe.pla-ed i.n such III m a l'lllile r a s U l reduce decki:ng d~:f lQtmlaHOlns, niis, ~s:Pliu't'~i;: l l II larlyilm p o r~ a n'[ fQ r s pa ns ,g tlti.n er ~ ha n - 4 metres, If c :on~NU~1 : i ! ; , P o l l r e . d p a r a l l e : 1 t .O d ie rlbs, ii t should b e H . r s E .p l lac fd near th ,e,5UpPfllt lS apd Lh~~ In;U)oVed,IOlw,i!!rds l1~id '$~!l i~"~fCioncr~'11 i! ; poured It~3i~s:'fets!e,o ' 'lil1leribs,.i should firM bel p hu;ed "[.[h e' en d wfil'l~re'.he p amd over.ap lis supponed , by l h e adj:acent :p an ;t T his,el:lsrl,r~S,ll:Iat I O J 1 g ~ t u d i f l a ' l s e a m s bC:lwee!1l p a r m I , s f 1 : l I l 1 3 i i l 1 c : l o . , c d l . L,l\st 'ly, t h e eoncnn'j! s.lould b e went ompac ted I' p a l 'l ,i c lI I Ja r :i y R e a r and , an :mnd s he a , c o n n e C ~ O , r S .


56/65

}ie. i.g .lu o fconc re tea oo ve rib s,

He~.grruofconcrete:a bev e r ib s

FIGURE 32: Nom i n a l cross-sectlenal dbne '.n s : io n s u sed to determinemaxlmnm concrete aggregate sb;;e~


57/65

If ~e bm toM. o r ,sof l l l t ; ;o f~! ie sla b ls ~o rem a in v i,s ib le a ,ft er l i :o!1s~,ru(aion rhen iit should b e c le an ed a fte rc : o n c r e : t l : n , g u s i. n g : a w a te r h o s e t e re ra o v e c C ' l n e n t pa:n~ l e a : k : a , g : i 1 .

S la b d ep th is , d e t e r m i n e t : 1 b y lel l1cllHng:f rom ul.mpln,g ra ils, w h ic h s h o l l ! . ! i 1 d be r ig ,it lly s~~po:[ te(L Hence l i b e .: 1 1 0 m w' ln ' r o uO \ ~ ~ he d en ecE ed sh ap e o f ~he : s u p p o n i n , g , 'b ea ms . In e a s e s where , E Im , o r e - p re c is e , " Q o r !Iev,eli s r equ ir ed , [hie; t ~ l m p i l 1 i , g r a H 5 .l! ihou~dbe adjus~ ied to accommcdat( : l : ~l

. f ' k e p l[ a b o v e S "Cio.rlhllefi:ril three d a . y , s a .f ui r p o~ :[ 'i :n g . , Smne h 'e ;, 't ,i s ; ga'll~ra:t:~d c i l l r i n g . s l e n i , n ~ g 0 0 ' 1 " .h y d r a :n i o n . ' o f ~ h e e o ,n t :r e t :e(typ k,a Uy .3"C to S~C)"

10.2.2 Ccncretililf by p'll.mpin','E.ot :h normal an d IJg:h~,-wei igbleonerete " lU i l b e p \ l rnped .ahhoug 'h h is ne cessa r y tO I UlS ,~ ,arldidvf! 'sw ach i evewo r ik a bm t ) , . A d cli':n g a dd i~ io rHd water U ) ,tbe II i" b ;. n.Ot all.o\ved 3i S Ihis reduces th e ,concrete s t t " l e n g d l .C C i n c t i e t i n , g by p u r : n p i n g i s d ie m o d e r n me lh o d O f c o ns ,'t I~ uC lt iom "l o w ra tes i n lh e o rd er o f o O . S 't o : E m'l p erm i n u t e c a n b e achie;v~dif t h e e q ll ; d p m e . n ~ j is , f U n . , ~ l i ' Q n l : n , g ef f i chmi ' ly . C~ear ly , t lI ,~ , l o n g e , 1 : " {hie: p L l . l 1 1 I p lines, a n . dth e h i;g h~ r .:1 11 3e n e e e r e is to 'b e PU:mP '~ , th e slc w er m e o p ; e : r a t i o n " ,Pumps are no(mat ly ; l ! s o o f O ! r i'lifts'up to 30 metres , Secorld3irYlr/lJmp.s 'o n ~nte,rm'~date levels may be l 1 e c ~ r u ; s l l : r y for' hi,gher Uifts"T ,yp iiic a l: pOUI:' s t zes a re : ~0 0 0 1 m n ': / d ay . N o u. 'pp~'n~'I]m it m pom ' ,s[z,~need b e , , ! l i st a b U s n e d b e c :a J u s , e tile d:ectill,::ac t s asshdn 'ka :g ,e rein:fofcero,em., ]: f ' the conc.redng oper,atiolflsIii lQu.'ld be tenl1iimned b e : f o n ; coooplettol ! o flhe ~ l h a 1 e slab, [hen ~~s s'l!lgg:es~ed ~h,!l:[i ! i o n e l ' e t i l ' l g : is s ~ o i P p , e d at one-mird ~hed is ta f ice f t -om I ( X U : :n , e i M e s th :uerm.ed .i is te ~UPPQrt , N t P . ! e r s~op! ;oncret i lng above an

Date post:	07-Apr-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	-
View:	238 times
Download:	0 times

ECCS 73 Practice for Composite Slabs

Documents