Eduart Zimer - (SDU) - Adventive Plants - Part 6 (2009)

8/11/2019 Eduart Zimer - (SDU) - Adventive Plants - Part 6 (2009)

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Qh`g 8

[ukkujget pjhets ormb dmwe uedgr ‛ Hdvgetcvg Qjhets (Qhrt ?)9

Ct–s tcbg omr he grrhtub ‛ H`hvg hbgrckheh ‛ Qckturgs hed bmrg

VC_. Ct–s tcbg omr he grrhtub

Hotgr hjbmst twm yghrs mo wrctce` tfgsg hkkmuets me ehturhjczhtcme mo sukkujget pjhets ce Egw Yghjhed ctwhs tfg tcbg C tfcen tm thng ogw stgps lhkn hed fhvg h krctckhj jmmn ht gvgrytfce` C fhvg wrcttge. C whshwhrg mo ogw mo tfg grrmrs bhdg - h `mmd gxkusg cs tfg ohkt tfht C hb he hbhtgur stcjj me h stggp jghrece`kurvg> fmwgvgr, gvge co C fhvg lrcgojy bgetcmegd smbg mo tfgb ce sulsgquget hrtckjgs emw ct–s tcbg Ctfcen tm sulsthetchtg h lct.

h) [gdub dgkublges vs. [gdub ncbehkfcc

Ce Qhrt <, Kfhptgr _C. - Tfg [gdub @rmup C wrmtg9

[gdub dgkublges \. T. Kjhusge 8307 ^BgxckmR whs kmjjgktgd hs ghrjy hs 836? ht

Lrctheech Fgc`fts ce Egjsme ly [yngs wfm puljcsfgd tfg ehturhjczhtcme mo tfcs

pjhet ce 8366 ce vmj. 4 mo ‚Ojmrh mo Egw Yghjhed‒ hed ce fcs 8363 Kfgknjcst.

Fmwgvgr, ct dmgse–t sggb tm sprghd tmm bukf scekg hed lgce` kmjjgktgd iust ormb

ogw jmkhjctcgs hs @mmsg Lhy (Bhrjlmrmu`f) hed Lhens Qgecesujh (Kfrcstkfurkf) hed

hjsm ogw mtfgr pjhkgs ce Khetgrlury. Ct prgogrs tfg rmhdscdgs wfgrg ct `rmws

usuhjjy fcddge lgtwgge `rhssgs mr thjjgr vhskujhr pjhets. Hs he hjpceg pjhet ctmlvcmusjy prgogrs h kmmjgr kjcbhtg hed cts dcstrclutcme cs hpphrgetjy rgstrcktgd

tm tfg [mutf Csjhed. Fmwgvgr, twm kmjjgktcmes mo h vgry scbcjhr pjhet (0) wgrg

bhdg ce Phe`heuc hed Pgjjce`tme, tfg jhttgr me ‚vgry stggp kjhy lhen me rmhdscdg>

phtkf sprhwjce dmwe lhen hbme` Krhssujh bujtckhvh hed phrtjy mvgrtmppgd ly

Kmprmsprmbh rgpges me h emrtf hspgkt‒. Tfcs pjhet rgbceds mo h bcechturg [gdub

prhghjtub hed cs hjsm motge kmeousgd wctf [gdub phjbgrc Phtsme tfg bhce

dcoogrgekg lgce` tfht tfg jhttgr fhs bmrg mr jgss `jhukmus hed usuhjjy sbhjjgr

jghvgs. Qjhets emw trghtgd hs [gdub dgkublges fhvg prgvcmusjy lgge cekjudgd

wctfce h lrmhdgr kmekgpt mo [gdub kmeousub Fgbsjgy.

Hed ourtfgr dmwe9

Ce tfg ged ogw wmrds hlmut wfht C tfcen ct cs h dcsputgd ehbg - [gdub ncbehkfcc

Lyhjt 8333 ^BgxckmR. Tfcs cs h rgkget sg`rg`htcme ormb [gdub dgkublges (hed stcjj

kmescdgrgd ly smbg lmthecsts h syemeyb mo tfcs thxme hed mo [gdub kjhusgecc Lyhjt

8336). Tfgrg cs meg prmljgb tfmu`f (gvge co wg hkkgpt tfg vhjcdcty mo tfcs egw

thxme) ‛ lmtf ce kujtcvhtcme hed ehturg ct cs vgry motge bcsjhlgjgd /

bcscdgetcocgd hs [gdub dgkublges mr gvge hs [gdub kmeousub wfckf bhngs bg rhtfgr

sngptckhj ce tfcs khsg. Em rgkget hkkmuet wfckf bc`ft cekjudg ct hs h Egw Yghjhed

ehturhjczgd pjhet cs nemwe tm bg gxkgpt Egw Yghjhed Qjhet Kmesgrvhtcme Egtwmrn

(www.ezpke.mr`.ez) wctf h jhst bceutg hddctcme> tfg pjhets pfmtm`rhpfgd ly Igrgby

\mjpfg ce Mktmlgr <110 ce Jmwgr Futt, emrtf mo [tmngs (Pgjjce`tme) fhvg

dgocectgjy h dcoogrget jmmn ormb mtfgr pjhets jhlgjgd [gdub dgkublges C fhvg

sgge. Fmwgvgr, [gdub dgkublges fhs smbg dg`rgg mo ehturhj vhrchlcjcty hed ‛ tm

put ct tfcs why ‛ C–b rhtfgr ngge tm fghr h sgkmed mpcecme ormb h dcoogrget

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Qh`g <

lmtheck hutfmrcty. Hs hpphrgetjy em mtfgr kmjjgktcmes fhvg lgge dmeg ygt ‛ mtfgr

tfhe tfmsg rgkmrdgd hs [gdub dgkublges (=) mutscdg tfg nemwe dcstrclutcme hrgh mo

tfcs pjhet hed wfckf prmlhljy fhvg hjrghdy jmst hey skcgetcock rgjgvhekg - ct cs

tmm ghrjy omr tfcs> sgg (0) h`hce.

\hy [tgpfgesme fhs sget bg jhst Huùst emt tfg sgkmed mpcecme hs C whs hsnce` omr, lut Tfg Mpcecme rg`hrdce` tfgsg [gdub thxmes. [fmrtjy hotgr C fhvg imcegd CKE fg ncedjy sget bg he gbhcj hed jhtgr metwm sfmrt puljcsfgd rgogrgekgs kjhrcoyce` tfcs bhttgr omr bg.

Wjrckf dgskrclgd [gdub hmcnme lhkn ce 8380, h pjhet mo uenemwe mrc ce ‛ hs tfg ehturhj fhlctht whs hedstcjj cs h bystgry ‛ usce` omr tfcs purpmsg twm mo tfg spgkcbges fg whs `rmwce` ce fcs `rggefmusg. Tfcsdgskrcptcme whs smme rghdcjy hvhcjhljg tm tfg puljck hed lgkhusg mo lgce` he uedgbhedce` pjhet [gdub

hmcnme lgkhbg vgry pmpujhr ce kmjjgktcmes. H strce` mo grrmrs fhd tm omjjmw. Ce 8373 \.T. Kjhusgekmescdgrgd [gdub purpuscc \msg (emt Nuezg) hs lgce` h syemeyb, hjtfmu`f fg bhdg tfcs hssgssbgetlhsgd me drcgd fgrlhrcub gxgbpjhrs. Fg hjsm kmujde–t prmvcdg h jmkhtcme mr h fhlctht typg omr tfcs pjhet,dgspctg mo fcs gxtgescvg ocgjd trcps (8). Fg kmujde–t gvge oced kujtcvhtgd pjhets hs dgskrclgd ly Fgbsjgy ce8606, lut cestghd, ghrjcgr ce 8346, \.T. Kjhusge grrmegmusjy ngygd dcoogrgekgs lgtwgge [gdub kmeousub hed [gdub hmcnme. Ce fcs ‚[gdub mo Emrtf Hbgrckh‒ (8307) \.T. Kjhusge ocehjjy tmmn h stgp lhkn hedkmescdgrgd tfht ‚tfg mpcecme emw cs tfht tfg typgs mo lmtf [. kmeousub hed [. hmcnme hppjy tm tfg shbg

spgkcgs‒, wctf tfg mjdgst ehbg mo [gdub kmeousub Fgbsjgy 8606 fhvce` prcmrcty. Ht hlmut tfg shbgtcbg \.T. Kjhusge lgkhbg hwhrg mo tfg ohkt tfht h pjhet dcstrclutgd ce Khjcomrech hs ghrjy hs 83;8 wctftfg jhlgj mo [gdub kmeousub tm wfckf hjtfmu`f ct cs mlvcmusjy rgjhtgd, dmgs emt bhtkf tfg dgskrcptcme mo[gdub hmcnme ly fhvce` bukf sbhjjgr lut tfckngr jghvgs, ly omrbce` rmsgttgs ht tfg stgb tcps hedlgkhusg mo cbpmrthet dcoogrgekgs mo tfg ceojmrgskgekg, bmrg mpge hed wctf h jc`ftgr kmjmur mo tfg ojmwgrs.

\.T. Kjhusge kmescdgrgd tfht h egw ehbg cs eggdgd omr tfcs pjhet hed dgskrclgd ct wctf tfg ehbg mo[gdub dgkublges. \hy [tgpfgesme (8338) kmescdgrs tfht ‚[. dgkublges cs hs kmbbme ce Lrctcsf

kmjjgktcmes hs [. kmeousub, lut lmtf hrg jhlgjgd [. kmeousub mr vgry rhrgjy [. purpuscc. Hs bmst

eursgrybge wmujd stcjj usg Kjhusge–s ghrjcgr lmmn (8373) omr cdgetcockhtcme, tfg bytf cs pgrpgtuhtgd .‒

Lut wg hrg mejy fhjowhy tfrmu`f tfg stmry. Ce jhtgr yghrs tfg ehbg [gdub dgkublges lgkhbgcekrghsce`jy usgd ce trhdg hed ce eursgrcgs, hed fmllycsts fhvg lgge bhdg hwhrg mo tfg dcoogrgekg ‛ocehjjy tfce`s hppghrgd tm fhvg sgttjgd. Fmwgvgr, _._. Lyhjt fhs uekmvgrgd tfht Jukã fhs prgvcmusjyusgd tfcs ehbg ce 86<; ce mrdgr tm dgskrclg h vhrchtcme mo [gdub ( Fyjmtgjgpfcub) tgjgpfcub mo tfgGstmeche Lhjtck csjhed mo [hhrgbhh. Ct tmmn smbg tcbg omr pgmpjg tm hdhpt hed usg Kjhusge–s ehbg, hedgvge tfce`s sggbgd tm fhvg sgttjgd tfgrg whs hjrghdy tcbg omr h egw ehbg kfhe`g. Lyhjt prmpmsgd ce8336 h egw ehbg ‛ [gdub kjhusgecc, fmemurce` \.T. Kjhusge lut bhnce` he grrmr mo fcs mwe hs tfcs

ehbg whs h fmbmeyb tmm ly lgce` usgd ce tfg shbg yghr ly Qãrgz Khjcx. _._. Lyhjt kmrrgktgd tfcs lyprmpmsce` h yghr jhtgr h egw ehbg ‛ [gdub ncbehkfcc, h ehbg wfckf fmemurs Byrme Ncbehkf.

Ct wcjj thng h`hce prmlhljy smbg tcbg omr tfg fmllycsts tm hdiust ce usce` tfcs egw ehbg ‛ lut ht jghst C`mt ct emw. Tm by dgogesg C fhvg tm shy tfht lmtf ehbgs ‛ [gdub ncbehkfcc hed [gdub dgkublges hrgstcjj hjtgrehtcvgjy usgd ce Egw Yghjhed hkkmuets, wfckf bhy fhvg kmetrclutgd tm by kmeouscme.




Qh`g ;

l) Tfg \he`ctmtm Hgmecub pjhets

Ce Qhrt 4, Kfhptgr V. H lrcgo mvgrvcgw mo tfg hdvgetcvg sukkujget ojmrh mo \he`ctmtm tfgrg cs h sgrcgsmo bcscdgetcockhtcmes mo Hgmecub pjhets `rmwce` me \he`ctmtm. C fhvg kmrrgktgd tfgsg grrmrs (<) ce hehrtckjg omr CKE (Ycbgr, <116), lut stcjj C fhvg tm bhng ct fgrg hs wgjj.

C fhvg cdgetcocgd tfcs pjhet hs Hgmecub uedujhtub fylrcd, lut tfcs cs mejy fhjo trug. @cusgppg Thvmrbcehfhs cdgetcocgd tfcs pjhet hs Hgmecub uedujhtub x Hgmecub fhwmrtfcc, h typg vgry scbcjhr tm tfg fylrcd‖\hy [tgpfgesme–. Pfht cs trujy hbhzce` hlmut @cusgppg–s kmrrgkt cdgetcockhtcme cs tfht fg fhs sgge tfg

8. Hgmecub uedujhtub x Hgmecub fhwmrtfcc




Qh`g 4

scbcjhrcty tm tfcs fylrcd hjtfmu`f tfg Hgmecub whs dmrbhet ht tfg tcbg tfg pfmtm whs thnge. Pfgescbpjy kmbphrce` tfg \he`ctmtm pfmtm wctf ogw pfmtms mo tfg fylrcd ‖\hy [tgpfgesme– ymu khe oced metfg Cetgregt ct thngs h jmt mo nemwjgd`g hed h `mmd gyg tm sgg tfg scbcjhrcty. Bmetfs jhtgr C khe sgg bysgjo

tfht h kujtcvhtgd pjhet mo tfcs typg kmjjgktgd ormb \he`ctmtm jmmns bukf bmrg jcng ‖\hy [tgpfgesme–pjhets dgpcktgd me tfg Cetgregt.

C fhvg cdgetcocgd tfcs pjhet hs Hgmecub kcjchtub mr pmsscljy meg mo cts fylrcds, wfckf whs h `rmssbcsthng, tfg pjhet lgce` tfg trug Hgmecub uedujhtub (@cusgppg fhs kmrrgktgd h`hce bybcscdgetcockhtcme).

<. Hgmecub uedujhtub




Qh`g 7

Tfg pjhets fgrg hrg mo kmursg Hgmecub uedujhtub x Hgmecub fhwmrtfcc (me tfg jgot) hed Hgmecub

uedujhtub (me tfg rc`ft).

k) Tfg Khncjg bhrctcbh kmeouscme

Gvge co tfcs whs iust h sfmrt kmbbgethry me meg mo tfg pckturgs cjjustrhtce` Qhrt ;, Kfhptgr _CCC.

Khrpmlrmtus gdujcs, h orcgedjy hjcge= tfcs whs h quctg gblhrrhssce` grrmr, lgce` bhdg wctf em iud`bgetht hjj. Tm tfg pckturg lgjmw

;. Hgmecub uedujhtub x Hgmecub fhwmrtfcc (me tfg jgot) hed

Hgmecub uedujhtub (me tfg rc`ft).




Qh`g ?

C bhdg tfg omjjmwce` kmbbgethry9

Me Pfhe`hbhth Lghkf (Kmrmbhedgj) Khrpmlrmtus gdujcs (tfg ygjjmw

ojmwgrce` omrb) cs prgsget iust me sbhjjgr phtkfgs, `rmwce` hbme`

ehtcvg sukkujget shed duegs ojmrh.

Tfcs ‚ehtcvg‒ pjhet cs Khncjg bhrctcbh, tfg wgjj-nemwe Gurmpghe [ghrmkngt. C dcde–t nemw heytfce`hlmut tfcs phrtckujhr pjhet emt tm spghn mo tfg gxtrgbgjy jcttjg nemwjgd`g C fhd (hed stcjj fhvg) hlmut tfg

Lrhssckhkghg, tfg busthrd ohbcjy, lut stcjj C whs uedgr tfg cbprgsscme tfht tfcs bust lg h ehtcvg pjhet.Tfg Pfhe`hbhth (Kmrmbhedgj Qgecesujh) pjhets wgrg `rmwce` ce h vgry kmbpmsctg gevcrmebget, tfgshed duegs lgce` hjtgrgd ce bmrg mr jgss rgkget tcbgs hed skhttgrgd emt mejy wctf Khrpmlrmtus gdujcs, luthjsm wctf mtfgr pjhets jcng H`hphetfus prhgkmx ssp. mrcgethjcs hed mtfgr hjcge pjhets (emt tm bgetcme tfgtmurcsts). Me tfg mtfgr fhed tfg Mpmutgrg pjhets iust h sfmrt strgtkf tm tfg Emrtf hppghrgd tm lg oujjycetg`rhtgd ce wfht sggbgd tm lg h jcttjg hjtgrgd shed duegs fhlctht, rmwce` tm`gtfgr wctf ehtcvg [pcecojgx hed Khjystg`ch spgkcgs hed wctf ohr jgss tmurcsts wcjjce`jy tm thng tfg whjn tfrmu`f tfg lusf tm tfg rgbmtg

4. Khrpmlrmtus gduj cs wctf Khncjg bhrctcbh.




Qh`g 0

lghkf, lut phkngd cestghd wctf egstce` lcrds. Tfg `rmwtf omrb whs hjsm smbgwfht dcoogrget ‛ ct jmmngdjcng h rghj wcjd pjhet, quctg dcstcekt ormb tfg Pfhe`hbhth pjhets wctf h kujtcvhtgd jmmn hed susthcegd`rmwtf. C fhvg rg`hrdgd tfcs pjhet hs lgce` ehtcvg, wctf tfg jcttjg dmult, wfckf usuhjjy phcrs up wctf

cèmrhekg, lut fhvce` ce bced tm rgsghrkf tfg bhttgr - wfckf C gvgetuhjjy dcd. Fmwgvgr, tfcs grrmrsjcppgd cetm tfg tgxt ht h tcbg C stcjj fhd em cdgh wfht nced mo pjhet tfcs bhy lg.

V_. H`hvg hbgrckheh

Tfg ocrst rghsmehljg tfce` tm dm wfge dcskussce` hlmut tfg ehturhjczgd H`hvg hbgrckheh pjhets ce EgwYghjhed cs tm uedgrjceg tfg ohkt tfht wg dghj wctf h vgry kmbpjgx spgkcgs, wctf twm dmzges mr bmrg moomrbs, vhrcgtcgs hed sulspgkcgs jubpgd tm`gtfgr uedgr h sce`jg ublrgjjh. C fhvg sgge tfcs pjhet ce tfrggmkkhscmes sm ohr fgrg ce tfg wcjd, hed ce bhey hspgkts ghkf `rmup whs dcstcekt ormb ghkf mtfgr. Ct cs fhrdtm lgjcgvg tfht wg bhy gekmuetgr fgrg tfg shbg vhrcgty mo omrbs hs ce Bgxckm, lut dgocectgjy tfgrg hrg h

jmt mo dcstcekt omrbs ce kujtcvhtcme, lmtf trug omrbs hed mo fmrtckujturhj mrc`ce. Ct cs ce ohkt h vgry pmpujhrjhedskhpce` pjhet hed tfgrg cs em wmedgr tfht smmegr mr jhtgr smbg kjmegs fhvg bheh`gd tm gskhpgkujtcvhtcme.

7. Meg mo tfg jhr`gr H`hvg hbgrckheh me \he`ctmtm, pmsscljy 71b ‛ ?1 kb fc`f.




Qh`g 6

H`hvg hbgrckheh cs ce ohkt meg mo tfg ocrst ehturhjczgd sukkujget pjhets lgce` mlsgrvgd ce Egw Yghjhed.T. Ncrn ocrst bgetcmegd ct ce 86?3 hs lgce` gsthljcsfgd ce Emrtf [fmrg (Huknjhed), lut tfg ghrjcgstlmtheckhj kmjjgktcme bhdg ly P.\.L. Mjcvgr ht [ghtmue (Pgjjce`tme) hed cs dhtgd Oglruhry 834<. Tfg

pjhet cs quctg wcdgsprghd ce tfg Emrtf Csjhed, lgce` gsthljcsfgd gspgkchjjy ce kmhsthj hrghs mo Huknjhed,Lhy mo Qjgety hed Pgjjce`tme, hed me sgvgrhj csjheds mo Fhurhnc @ujo (Huknjhed) hed Ocrtf mo Tfhbgs(Kmrmbhedgj). Tfgrg hrg iust twm kmeocrbgd jmkhtcmes ce tfg [mutf Csjhed - Nhcnmurh (Bhrjlmrmu`f) hedPhcphrh (Khetgrlury), lut C wmujde–t wmedgr tm fghr tfht pjhets fhvg lgge sc`ftgd ce mtfgr hrghs hs wgjj.Mrc`cehjjy tfcs cs h typckhj dry kmhsthj pjhet hed tfgrgomrg ce Egw Yghjhed ct prgogrs dry rmkny sjmpgswctf h strme` bhrceg gxpmsurg (;). Tfgrg hrg em fc`f ceogsthtcme hrghs tfmu`f, lut tfgrg hrg ogw sctgs(gspgkchjjy me csjheds) wfgrg tfg pjhet cs prgsget ce scècockhet eublgrs. Ce Egw Yghjhed ct cs kmescdgrgdhe cevhscvg pjhet.

Egw Yghjhed lmthecsts bhng em dcstcektcme lgtwgge dcoogrget omrbs hed sulspgkcgs, H`hvg hbgrckheh lgce` dgskrclgd hs h ‚vgry jhr`g pgrgeechj pjhet wctf rmsgttg `rmwtf omrb. Tfg jghvgs hrg up tm < b jme`,

hrg ojgsfy hed trcheùjhr ce krmss sgktcme. Tfg jghvgs hrg jghtfgry, `jhukmus hed fhvg kmhrsg tggtf me

?. @gegrhj vcgw mo tfg H`hvg hbgrckheh kmjmey

wctf jhvh ljmkns hed `rhss tussmkns.




Qh`g 3

tfg bhr`ces. Jghvgs hrg usuhjjy dujj `rgge, hjtfmu`f h vhrcg`htgd omrb cs hjsm prgsget. Hotgr 81 tm 87

yghrs vg`gthtcvg `rmwtf ct prmdukgs h jhr`g wmmdy spcng (skhpg) up tm 81 b thjj wctf h tgrbcehj pheckjg

mo bhey ygjjmw ojmwgrs. Ljhkn sggds hrg prmdukgd ce 7 kb jme` khpsujgs.‒ (4)

Egw Yghjhed pjhets hrg dgocectgjy gskhpgs ormb kujtcvhtcme. Tfg ocrst `rmup mo pjhets C fhvg sgge fgrgsfmrtjy hotgr bmvce` tm Egw Yghjhed whs ce Huknjhed–s Emrtf [fmrg, ce h jc`ft lusf jcng hrgh, kjmsg tmtfg sfmrg hed tm rgscdgetchj hrghs hs wgjj. Tfg ogw sbhjjcsf pjhets C fhvg sgge fhd lrmhd jhukmus jghvgs,smbg mo tfgb stcoo, smbg lget, hed dgocectgjy dcd emt lgjme` tfgrg…

By sgkmed gekmuetgr whs prmlhljy tfg bmst spgkthkujhr sukkujget pjhet sgge ly bg ce tfg wcjd, lutueomrtuehtgjy C dcde–t fhvg ht tfht tcbg h dc`cthj khbgrh tm cbbmrthjczg tfg pjhet. Ct whs ce jhtg <11; metfg emrtfgre ged mo tfg Bt. Bhue`heuc lghkf, tmwhrds tfg shed duegs. H fu`g H`hvg hbgrckheh vhr.bhr`cehth `rmwce` csmjhtgd me tfg lghkf, khtkfce` tfg gyg ce he cesthet. Tfg pjhet whs pmsscljy mvgr <bgtgrs fc`f hed hkrmss wctf cts sprghdce` stcoo jghvgs, hed `rgw hbme` cts eubgrmus sukngrs sprghd hs

ohr hs 81 b mr pmsscljy gvge bmrg ce tfg oceg shed mo tfg lghkf. C whs trujy hbhzgd, ocrst mo hjj ly tfgsulstrhtg. C wmujd fhvg egvgr lgjcgvgd tfht ct kmujd tfrcvg ce sukf oceg shed. C du` mut ;1 mr 41kgetcbgtgrs hed tfgrg whs stcjj purg oceg shed, ct kmujd fhvg lgge gvge ogw bgtgrs jhygr mo shed uetcj ymufct tfg smjcd `rmued… hed sukngrs rueece` gvgrywfgrg eghrly ce bhey dmzges, ormb 7 kgetcbgtgrspjhetjgts tm wgjj gsthljcsfgd ymue` pjhets mo ;1 kb mr bmrg. Em dwgjjce`s ce tfg hrgh, lut tfg Bt.Bhue`heuc shed duegs fhvg lgge omr yghrs hjjg`gdjy tfg prgogrrgd `hrdge whstg dubpce` sphkg ce tfghrgh (lut tfcs whs tm lg jghregd ogw yghrs jhtgr). Pfht C trujy rg`rgt cs tfht C dcde–t usg meg mo tfg vgryogw sfmts jgot me by ocjb khbgrh hed tfht C dcde–t kmjjgkt meg mo tfg sbhjjgr sukngrs ‛ tfcence` mo kmursgtfht hs C dcde–t fhvg tmm bukf sphkg tm moogr ce by `rggefmusg tfgrg whs em pmcet ce thnce` meg.

H tfcrd dcrgkt gekmuetgr whs me \he`ctmtm Csjhed ‛ hed omr tfcs meg C wcjj thng emw tfg tcbg. Mdd

gemu`f, gvge Fhurhnc @ujo csjheds hrg vhùgjy bgetcmegd ce tfg dcstrclutcme hrgh mo H`hvg hbgrckheh ceEgw Yghjhed, tfgrg cs em lmtheckhj hkkmuet pjhkce` tfg pjhet me \he`ctmtm, hjtfmu`f gvgrylmdy cs nggetm embcehtg tfcs ckmeck jhedbhrn. Fhrd tm gxpjhce ‛ C tfcen ct cs fc`fjy uejcngjy tfht emeg mo tfg lmthecstpuljcsfce` kfgknjcsts mo ehturhjczgd pjhets mr mtfgr phpgrs negw heytfce` hlmut tfcs> ohkt cs tfht em megfhs gvgr bgetcmegd tfg pjhet fgrg. Pmtfgrspmme & Pmtfgrspmme (kh. <11<) cs tfg mejy bhimrgevcrmebgethj phpgr bgetcmece` tfg pjhet me \he`ctmtm, lgce` h Qrcmrcty Kjhss < pjhet, wctf h jme`-tgrbbheh`gbget mligktcvg mo Grhdckhtcme hed h ocvg-yghr bheh`gbget mligktcvg mo Ygrm Dgescty. Emceomrbhtcme me tfg kurrget sthtus (hs mo <11<) whs `cvge, lut wfge C vcsctgd ce Iheuhry <116 \he`ctmtmtfg kmetrmj prm`rhb hppghrgd tm lg wgjj me thr`gt, hs em hdujt pjhets sggbgd tm lg prgsget.

Ocrst mo hjj ‛ C sgg em vhjug ce grhdckhtce` H`hvg hbgrckheh ormb \he`ctmtm> hs C hjrghdy bgetcmegd ce

rgjhtcme wctf tfg Hgmecub kmjmey (7) tfgrg cs em fhrb ce tfcs, lut mejy h `hce ce nggpce` h kmethcegduecqug kmjmey fgrg. Ct wmujd lg rhtfgr bmrg googktcvg hed usgouj tm grhdckhtg pjhets sukf hs Krhssujh

bujtckhvh, pjhets lgce` hljg ‚tm omrb h dgesg `rmued kmvgr tfht prgvgets tfg rg`gegrhtcme mo ehtcvg

spgkcgs‒ (Pmtfgrspmme & Pmtfgrspmme, kh. <11<) wfckf sggb tm lg hjbmst mut mo kmetrmj. Pg hjj nemwtfht vg`gthtcme kmetrmj cs vgry gxpgescvg hed tfht gvgrymeg cs me h lud`gt, lut C tfcen tfht h dcrgkt hedsusthcegd hpprmhkf cs hjwhys lgttgr hed (ht jghst ce tfcs khsg) ocehekchjjy hoomrdhljg ‛ shy h $8 surkfhr`gme tfg ogrry tckngt ‛ tfhe he hpphrgetjy kfghpgr, lut cedcrgkt, smpfcstckhtgd hed fc`fjy uergjchljghpprmhkf hs sthtgd ourtfgr ce tfg hlmvg kctgd phpgr9 ‚Pggd kmetrmj gxpgrcgekg me \he`ctmtm fhs sfmwe

tfht hjj tfg wggds ht h `cvge sctg hrg lgst trghtgd ht tfg shbg tcbg. Bhey mo tfg wggdy hrghs hrmued lhkf

kmbbuectcgs fhvg h `rmued tcgr dmbcehtgd ly tfg jmwgr prcmrcty wggds Egpfrmjgpscs kmrdcomjch

(Dhvhjjchkghg) hed Krhssujh bujtckhvh. Hey hrgh trghtgd omr h fc`fgr prcmrcty wggd cs rhpcdjy cevhdgd




Qh`g 81

ly tfgsg spgkcgs hed tfgcr dgesg `rmwtf mlskurgs sggdjce`s mo fc`fgr prcmrcty wggds sukf hs \fhbeus

hed Hsphrhùs hsphrh`mcdgs (Jcjchkghg) (?). Cectchj kmetrmj mo tfg kjhss 8 wggds cs emw kmbpjgtg, hed

yghrjy omjjmw-ups kmetrmj usuhjjy cekmrpmrhtgs tfg jmwgr prcmrcty wggds ht tfg sctg.‒ ‚Tfg prcmrcty omr

kmetrmj mo sgktmrs rgsts me tfg dcstrclutcme mo tfg bmrg wcdgjy dcstrclutgd, fc`f prcmrcty kjhss < wggds.Tfg `gegrhj strhtg`y hcbs tm sjmw tfg sprghd mo wggds ly kmetrmjjce` tfg jghst ceogstgd mo tfg sgktmrs

ocrst, wmrnce` tmwhrds tfg bmst fghvcjy ceogstgd hrghs.‒ Ce by mpcecme tfcs wmujd lg cesuoockcget ce smbgcesthekgs hed gxkgsscvg (hed ce tfg ged h whstg mo oueds) ce mtfgr khsgs ‛ jcng H`hvg hbgrckheh omrcesthekg. Fmwgvgr, em bhttgr co h kjhss-jhygr , zmehj mr h thr`gtgd meg-ly-meg hpprmhkf, tfgrg cs jcttjgfmpg mo kmbpjgtgjy `gttce` rcd mo wggds jcng Krhssujh bujtckhvh, lut wg khe sukkgssoujjy kmetrmj sjmw`rmwce` hrkfctgkturhj pjhets jcng H`hvg hbgrckheh cestghd ‛ C hb emt surg tfht tfcs cs rghjjy tfg lgstmutkmbg tfmu`f. Qgrsmehjjy C tfcen tfht Ygrm Dgescty kmetrmj hed h kmethcegd hrg mo dcspgrshj wmujd lgbmrg googktcvg (lmtf ocehekchjjy hed gkmjm`ckhjjy) ‛ ct cs bukf ghscgr tm prgvget H`hvg hbgrckheh ormbojmwgrce` (ct thngs h rgjhtcvgjy jme` tcbg omr tfg ojmwgr spcng tm bhturg) wctf h bgheceòuj hcb tm hvmcdsfmrt rhe`g dcspgrshj ly lcrds mr ly mtfgr bghes tfhe hcbce` tm h kmbpjgtg grhdckhtcme - pmcetjgss hed

bmrg gxpgescvg ce tfg shbg tcbg. Dcspgrshj me h rgstrcktgd hrgh cs bukf fhrdgr tm kmetrmj hs rfczmbgs hrgsget ormb h bmtfgr pjhet ce hjj dcrgktcmes wfge stcjj ymue` hed ohr ormb tfg ojmwgrce` h`g ‛ wfy emtprgsgrvg tfg kmjmey uedgr h ohcrjy strckt kmetrmj=

0. Meg mo tfg csmjhtgd pjhets tmwhrds tfg smutfgre

ged mo tfg kmjmey `rmwce` me h dcoogrget sulstrhtg.




Qh`g 88

Co tfg Hgmecub kmjmey cs tfg bmst cetgrgstce` sukkujget dcspjhy me \he`ctmtm, tfg H`hvg hbgrckheh kmjmey emrtf mo Csjce`tme Lhy wfhro cs dgocectgjy sgkmed ce jceg. Ct mkkupcgs h quctg rgstrcktgd hrghfhjowhy lgtwgge tfg wfhro hed tfg phssh`g tm Bmtuthpu Csjhed, me he hjbmst mpge jhvh ocgjd, lhrgjy

kmvgrgd fgrg hed tfgrg wctf rhss tussmkns, me h bcjd sjmpg gedce` hlrupt ce tfg vckcecty mo tfg sgh wfgrgme h ehrrmw shjt bhrsf strcp [hrkmkmrech qucequgojmrh `rmws ce hluedhekg. Iust vgry ogw pjhets hrgmutscdg h kmrg hrgh mo mejy ogw tfmusheds squhrg bgtgrs. Tfg sulstrhtg dgocgs h`hce mur gxpgkthtcmes ‛lhrg jhvh wctf hkkubujhtcmes mo rmkny smcjs ce pmkngts, dug tm ghrjy grmscme mr bhylg rhtfgr rgbehets mohsfgs dgpmsctgd durce` tfg tgrbcehj pfhsgs mo vmjkheck hktcvcty, rckf ce bcegrhjs hed gxtrgbgjy pmmr cemr`heck bhttgr. H jhedskhpg tfht cs quctg dcoogrget ormb tfg Bt. Bhue`heuc lghkf, emt tm spghn ormbbmst mo tfg wgjj-bhcethcegd Huknjhed hrdges. Fmwgvgr, tfg pjhets tfrcvg me \he`ctmtm hed hrg pmsscljyce tfgcr bhey fuedrgds, cekjudce` tfg sbhjj sukngrs. _g`gthtcme kmetrmj (Ygrm Dgescty ht tfcs sth`g)sggbs tm lg vgry googktcvg hs em bhturg pjhets wgrg sgge.

Tfg pjhets hrg hjsm quctg dcoogrget ormb tfg bmst mo tfg pjhets ymu khe sgg ce Huknjhed `hrdges ‛ bhcejy

sjgedgr spgkcbges mr vhrcg`htgd omrbs mo fmrtckujturhj mrc`ces> hs tfgrg cs h prgsgekg mo H`hvg hbgrckheh ce Fhurhnc @ujo hed @rght Huknjhed hrgh mo mvgr 841 yghrs wg pmsscljy dghj fgrg wctf mrc`cehj,uehjtgrgd stmkn. H sgkmed rgbhrn ‛ hjj pjhets jmmn quctg scbcjhr, em vhrchtcmes wfhtsmgvgr, bmst pjhets octce tfg shbg `rmwtf phttgre, rhtfgr sfmrt jghogd pjhets, bmrg `jhukmus tfhe tfg hvgrh`g, wctf stcoo tmsjc`ftjy mutwhrd rgkurvgd jghvgs (emt lget, emt jceghr gctfgr), mo `rhy-`rgge kmjmur sfmwce` dcstcektcbprcets me tfg ymue` jghvgs. C bc ft lg wrme`, lut by 71 Kgets wmrtf cs tfht ce tfcs cesthekg wg fhvg hkjmeg mo meg mo tfg vgry vhrchljg H`hvg hbgrckheh ssp. prmthbgrckheh @getry 836< (0)> fmwgvgr,wctfmut bhturg hed ojmwgrce` pjhets ct cs fhrd tm suppmrt tfcs pmcet ce hey why.

H`hvg hbgrckheh cs vgry pmpujhr ce mutdmmr kujtcvhtcme, pmsscljy tfg bmst gxtgescvg kujtcvhtgd H`hvg.Ghsy tm kujtcvhtg hed hdhpthljg, tfg pjhet prgogrs kmhsthj ljuoos hed kjcoos, shed duegs, rmkny pjhkgs,

rmkny `rhssjheds, hed mtfgr dcsturlgd sctgs. Cts ehtcvg fhlctht kmescsts mo sultrmpckhj tm whrb-tgbpgrhtgrg`cmes mo Bgxckm, hed fhs bheh`gd tm gskhpg ormb kujtcvhtcme ce bhey rg`cmes mo BgdctgrrhegheGurmpg, [mutf Horckh, Hustrhjch, Egw Yghjhed hed bhey Qhkcock Csjheds ‛ sukf hs Jmrd Fmwg Csjhed,Qh`he Csjhed, Kmmn Csjheds, @hjèph`ms, Ocic, Orgekf Qmjyegsch Csjheds, Thfctc, hed bhey mtfgrs, usuhjjyemt puttce` prgssurg me ehtcvg fhlcthts, lut me mkkhscme lgkmbce` cevhscvg ‛ hs ct fhppgegd ce Qhjhu,M`hshwhrh Csjheds (Ihphe), mr Egw Khjgdmech.

Pfcjg ocecsfce` tfcs hrtckjg C hb mejy dhys hwhy ormb h egw trcp tm \he`ctmtm, hkkmbphecgd ly byymue`gr sme, ymu khe cbh`ceg C khe fhrdjy whct. Tfcs tcbg by cetgetcme cs tm skhe tfg smutfgre kmhst hedtfg omrbgr lhkf kmbbuecty tfgrg, tfg prcsme, tfg quhrry hed (mejy co wg wcjj fhvg tfg tcbg) Pcjsme–sQhrn - tfg rgbehets mo tfg cetgedgd Lmtheck @hrdge. Moo trhkn lrmwsce` cs emt hjwhys ghsy hed ct cs

usuhjjy prm`rgssce` vgry sjmwjy> fmwgvgr C bc`ft fhvg h lct mo gxtrh tcbg omr h sfmrt jghp me tfg ghstgrekmhst tm phy h vcsct tm by ohvmurctg sctgs fgrg ‛ tfg Hgmecub hed tfg H`hvg kmjmecgs.

V_C. Qckturgs hed bmrg

C tfcen ct bc`ft lg cetgrgstce` omr tfg rghdgr tm cesgrt ogw mo tfg pckturgs hed bhps wmrtf sggce`, wfckf Cfhvge–t usgd ce prgvcmus kfhptgrs. Fgrg wg `m9




Qh`g 8<

6. H `gegrhj bhp m

\he`ctmtm Csjhed bc`ft

lg mo `mmd usg hotgr

dmzges mo rgogrgekgs tm

jmkhtcmes me tfcs

csjhed.

3. Tfg `hp lgtwgge \he`ctmtm Csjhed hed Bmtuthpu

Csjhed ht jmw tcdg (wfge ct khe lg krmssgd ly ommt) hed

gw fmurs jhtgr wfge tfg tcdg cs pcknce` up. Ct cs h rghjjy

cescècockhet kfheegj, fmwgvgr, em vg`gthtcme gxkfhe`g

fhs lgge mlsgrvgd lgtwgge tfg csjheds. Ghkf fhs cts

mwe `gmjm`ck hed lcmjm`ck prmocjg.




Qh`g 8;

81. Khrpmlrmtusgdujcs, tfg ygjjmw

jmwgrce` omrb me

Bmtuthpu Csjhed.

88. Tfcs cs meg mo tfg cedgocectg omrbs mo tfg Hgmecub kmjmey mo \he`ctmtm. Tfg

gmecub fhwmrtfcc phrgeth`g cs kjghrjy vcscljg, fmwgvgr, ct dcoogrs ormb tfg trug

spgkcgs hed ormb tfg Hgmecub uedujhtub x Hgmecub fhwmrtfcc fylrcd.




Qh`g 84

8<. H Krhssujh

kmkkcegh stcjj ce

jmwgr ce jhtg

Iheuhry me tfg

ghstgre kmhst m

\he`ctmtm Csjhed,

kjmsg tm tfg Csjce`tme

Lhy wfhro.

8;. Krhssujh bujtckhvh `rmwce` ce h sfhdgd pmsctcme me \he`ctmtm Csjhed, wgst mo tfg Csjce`tme

Lhy wfhro. Ct bhy smued oueey, lut C whs iust gxpjhcece` tm by ymue`gr sme tfht ce sukf h dhrn

kmregr tfgrg cs emt gvge h sjcb kfhekg tm oced sukkujget pjhets hs C shw tfcs pjhet ce tfg gxtgescme

mo by fc`fjy hkhdgbck oce`gr. H rgbcedgr tfht gvgrytfce` cs pmsscljg.




Qh`g 87

84. Meg mo tfg bhey

dghd Hjmg bhkujhth C fhvg sgge me

\he`ctmtm Csjhed.

Kmetrhry tm tfgcr

emrbhj fhlct, tfgy

wgrg egvgr omrbce`

fgrg jhr`g kjubps mr

krmwdgd kmjmecgsfgrg.

87. Khrpmlrmtusgdujcs , tfg pcen

jmwgrce` omrb ht

Ecegty Bcjg Lghkf.

C fhvg egvgr

bheh`gd tm thng h

ckturg tm he mpge

jmwgr mo tfg pcen

mrb> C whs hjwhys

hrrcvce` tmm jhtg cetfg gvgece` mr tmm

ghrjy ce tfg

bmrece`.




Qh`g 8?

8?. Tfg ohskcehtce` shed

duegs mo Ecegty Bcjg

Lghkf. Trhcjce` stgbs mo

Khrpmlrmtus gdujcs khe

lg sgge me tfg duegs.

80. Fhlctht pckturg ormb Burcwhc, me Huknjhed–s wgst kmhst. Tfg pjhtghu hed tfg stggps hrg

fmbg omr tfg [mutf Horckhe Khrpmlrmtus gdujcs , omr tfg ehtcvg Dcspfybh hustrhjg ssp.

hustrhjg hed omr tfg sgeshtcmehj ehturhj fylrcd lgtwgge tfg twm.




Qh`g 80

86. Tfcs pfmtm sfmujd

fhvg lgge phrt mo by

grrhtub. Ce tfg ocrst phrt

mo tfcs sgrcgs C fhvg

sthtgd tfht ht Qcfh -

Jcme \mkn Kmtyjgdme

mrlckujhth vhr. mrlckujhth `rmws emt

dcrgktjy me rmkn, lut ce h

tfce shedy smcj. Meg

yghr jhtgr C fhvg

dcskmvgrgd tfht me meg

scdg mo tfg rmkn ogw

jhets wgrg `rmwce` me

tfg vgrtckhj kjcoo ohkgs.

83. Kmtyjgdme mrlckujhth vhr. mrlckujhth me Jcme \mkn.




Qh`g 86

<1. Kmtyjgdme mrlckujhth vhr. mrlckujhth me Jcme

\mkn. (jgot)

<8. Meg mo tfg

bystgrcgs mo Jcme

\mkn ‛ tfg uenemwe

vhrchet (mr fylrcd=)mo Kmtyjgdme

mrlckujhth vhr. mrlckujhth. (lgjmw)




Qh`g 83

<<. Khrpmlrmtus gdujcs ht

Burcwhc, h pjhet `rmwce` ce

h smbgwfht bmrg sfgjtgrgd

spmt hed dcspjhyce`

tfgrgomrg uetypckhj `rmwtf.

(Kmbphrg ct wctf tfg pckturg

rmb tfg hrtckjg dgdckhtgd tm

Dcspfybh hustrhjg ssp. hustrhjg). (rc`ft)

<;. Tfg ygjjmw ojmwgrce`

mrb mo Khrpmlrmtus gdujcs

uedgr tfg fhrsf sue mo QmrtPhcnhtm shed duegs.

(lgjmw)






Qh`g <8

<?. Mpuetch bmehkhetfh ht

Ghstgre Lghkf,

Fmwckn, Huknjhed.

(rc`ft)

<0. Trhdgskhetchjubcegescs , hnh Tfg

Phedgrce` Igw ‛ h

jhet wctf bhr`cehj

sukkujgekg ormb tfg

smutfghstgre Lrhzcjche

rhceomrgsts. Ct cs meg mtfg bmst cevhscvg Egw

Yghjhed ehturhjczgd

jhets. (lgjmw)




Qh`g <<

<6. ‛ <3. Khncjg bhrctcbh ht tfg

Mpmutgrg lghkf

(Kmrmbhedgj).




Qh`g <;

;1. Mpmutgrg - iust ogw

bgtgrs ormb tfg fght m

tfg shed cs tfg rh`ce`

Qhkcock Mkghe. (jgot)

;8. Ce tfg ged - h jhst

`jcbpsg me tfg

Kmtyjgdme mrlckujhth

vhr. mrlckujhth pjhetskrhbpgd tm tfg

cssurgs mo tfg kjco

hkgs ht Qcfh ‛ Jcme

\mkn (lgjmw)




Qh`g <4

Hddctcmehj \gogrgekgs9

F. [. @getry - H`hvgs mo Kmetcegethj Emrtf Hbgrckh, 836<>

Qhkcock Csjhed Gkmsystgbs ht \csn (QCG\)>

\hy [tgpfgesme ‛ Emtgs me [gdub dgkublges Kjhusge hed [gdub kmeousub Fgbsjgy (ce Tfg [gdub [mkcgty Egwsjgttgr Em. 8? ‛ Iheuhry 8338)>

Pcncpgdch, tfg orgg Gekykjmpgdch>

G. Ycbgr ‛ Tfg ehturhjczgd Hgmecub mo \he`ctmtm Csjhed (Fhurhnc @ujo, Egw Yghjhed) (me Cetgrehtcmehj Krhssujhkghg Egtwmrn,<116).fttp9//www.krhssujhkghg.egt/cedgx.pfp=mptcme2kmb]kmetget&vcgw2hrtckjg&cd2;?69ehturhjczgd-hgmecubs-me-rhe ctmtm-csjhed-egw-zghjhed-<&khtcd2?<9fhlctht&Ctgbcd2<?

By Emtgs9

(8) [gdub purpuscc \msg fhs lgge kmjjgktgd ly Khrj Qurpus ‚lgtwgge Gspgrhezh hed Mrczhlh‒, wctf em mtfgr cedckhtcme mo tfg jmkhjcty. \.T. Kjhusgekmujde–t jmkhtg tfg fhlctht mo tfcs pjhet lut fg whs surg tfht tfg drcgd fgrlhrcub spgkcbges mo [gdub purpuscc wgrg tfg shbg spgkcgs hs [gdub hmcnme.

(<) @cusgppg Thvmrbceh fhs ncedjy kmrrgktgd by grrmrs wfcjg h sfmrt hkkmuet me Hgmecub ehturhjczgd me \he`ctmtm Csjhed whs prgphrgd omr puljckhtcmeme tfg CKE wglsctg.

(;) Hs ct bc`ft lg tfg khsg fgrg, tfg hktuhj dcstrclutcme hrgh rgojgkts tfg scbpjg ohkt tfht tfg jcttjg kmbpgtctcme hed tfg `rght vhrcgty mo kmhsthjgevcrmebgets whs ohr bmrg hdgquhtg omr tfcs pjhet tfhe tfg fubcd hed dgesgjy vg`gthtgd lusf jhed.

(4) Dgskrcptcme gxtrhktgd ormb Egw Yghjhed Qjhet Kmesgrvhtcme Egtwmrn, bmdcocgd gx H. I. Fghjy hed G. Gd`hr -Ojmrh mo Egw Yghjhed, _mj. ;, 8361.Tfg jcogsphe mo tfg pjhets bc`ft emt lg getcrgjy trug, mtfgr hutfmrs kmescdgr ct up tm ;1 yghrs. Fmwgvgr, tfcs bc`ft hjsm dgpged me kjcbhtck ohktmrs.

(7) Lrcgojy bgetcmegd ht tfg ged mo tfg hrtckjg Tfg ehturhjczgd Hgmecub mo \he`ctmtm Csjhed (Fhurhnc @ujo, Egw Yghjhed) puljcsfgd me tfg CKEwglsctg.

(?) Kurrgetjy cekjudgd ce tfgcr mwe ohbcjy, tfg Hsphrh`hkghg.

(0) Ce H`hvgs mo Kmetcegethj Emrtf Hbgrckh (836<) F.[. @getry sg`rg`htgs h kmbpjgx hed fc`fjy vhrchljg omrb mo ssp. hbgrckheh9 ‚ H`hvg hbgrckheh

prmthbgrckheh cs h wcjd kmbpjgx skhttgrgd hjme tfg [cgrrh Bhdrg Mrcgethj, emthljg hs bukf omr cts vhrchlcjcty hs omr cts hbgrckheh kfhrhktgr.‒

‚[ulspgkcgs prmthbgrckheh dcoogrs ormb tfg vhrcgtcgs mo hbgrckheh ce cts `rghtgr vhrchlcjcty ce omrb hed kmjmr mo tfg jghvgs hed tfgcr hrbhturg, ce tfg

prmpmrtcmes mo ojmwgr tulgs tm tgphjs, tfg tulg lgce` rgjhtcvgjy dggpgr. Tfg jghvgs mo prmthbgrckheh hrg `gegrhjjy sfmrtgr hed tfg ceojmrgskgekg

`gegrhjjy fhs ogwgr lrhekfgs.‒

------------------------------------------------

Hjj grrmrs, mbcsscmes hed bcskmekgptcmes hrg bceg.

Gduhrt Ycbgr, Dgkgblgr <116 - Iheuhry <113

fttp9//gduhrt.ph`g.tj/Fmbg.ftb

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Eduart Zimer - (SDU) - Adventive Plants - Part 6 (2009)

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