Electronic Electronic CitationsCitations

Purpose of Purpose of CitationsCitations

The purpose of using

citations is to provide is to provide

readers with away to readers with away to

locate your information for locate your information for

themselves.themselves.

Types of CitationsTypes of Citations

Four most popular formats in college Four most popular formats in college are:are:

MLA = Used by English majorsUsed by English majors.

APA = Used by Social Sciences, Science, and Education Used by Social Sciences, Science, and Education majorsmajors.

Chicago = ???

Turabian = ???

All Madison City Schools use the MLA format.All Madison City Schools use the MLA format.

““MLA Documentation StyleMLA Documentation Style

Documentation of sources take Documentation of sources take two forms in a paper:two forms in a paper:Acknowledge your sources by keying brief parenthetical citations in your text to an alphabetical list of works that appear at the end of the paper” (Gibaldi 1995Gibaldi 1995).

Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 4th Edition. New York: Modern language Association of American, 1995. 120-121.

(Page number optional)(Page number optional)

Standard Standard

Print Print

CitationCitation

for for

a Book a Book

& &

a Article.a Article.

Bibliography / Work-Cited Bibliography / Work-Cited PagePage

Format for MLA

Works-Cited or

Bibliography page.

Format for MLA

Works-Cited or

Bibliography page.

http://www.ccc.commnet.edu/mla/sample.shtml http://www.ccc.commnet.edu/mla/sample.shtml

Out-Denting

Alphabetical

Sequence

Page NO.#

1” Margins (top & sides)

““Electronic” CitationsElectronic” CitationsElectronic citations follow the

same format as Print citations. Electronic citations generally add extra

information like (Source, Publisher, Retrieved Date, Electronic Address) and some standard information may be missing such as page numbers.

Different types of sources and different

types of media may have different requirements.

http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/elecmla.html#mlabasic http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/elecmla.html#mlabasic

““Electronic” CitationsElectronic” CitationsPay particular attention to the handling of the

following two elements:

Dates: In print citations, only the publication date is usually listed. When citing electronic sources you should include both the date of original publication (if available) and the accessed or retrieved date that you first used the material.

Electronic Address: The MLA Style Manual recommends including the online address of electronic materials, where available. You should include the access-mode identifier (e.g., http, www, ftp, gopher, telnet, news) as well as, the path and file names. The address should be given inside angle brackets < > : <../index.html/Handbook>.

http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/elecmla.html http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/elecmla.html

MLA “MLA “PrintPrint BookBook” ” CitationCitation

1. the Name of the Author(s) 2. Title 3. Editor, Translator, Compiler, (if any) 4. Edition5. Place and Date of the Book's Publication 6. the Name of the Book's Publisher7. Page Numbers (OPTIONAL, if needed)

When you find the sources you intend to use, you will need to identify them for your reader. For each BOOK you use, write a separate listing of:

MLA MLA “Print“Print BookBook” ” CitationCitation

Book Examples:

Mumford, Lewis. The Highway and the City. New York: Harcourt Brace and World, 1993.

Marcuse, Sibyl. A Survey of Musical Instruments. New York: Harper, 1975. 120-132.

MLA prefer underlining rather than italicizing Titles of books.

PrintPrint versus versus Electronic Electronic CitationCitation

Print Book CitationsName of the Author(s); Title; Editor, Translator, Compiler, (if any); Edition, Publication place and Date; Publisher. (Pages if any)

Electronic CitationsName of the Author(s); Title; Editor, Translator, Compiler, if any; Edition, Publication Place and Date; Publisher. Electronic Source; Publisher; Access Date; and Web Address beginning with < and ending with >.

““ElectronicElectronic Book”Book” CitationCitation

McGrath, Kimberly A., and Stacey Blatchford, Eds. Gale Encyclopedia of Science. 2nd ed. Detroit: Thomas Gale, 2002. 4150 pp. 6 vols. Gale Virtual Reference Library (AVL). Thomson Gale. 18 April 2007 <http://find.galegroup.com/ovrc/start.do?prodId=SBRC>.

Added Information for Electronic Citation:Added Information for Electronic Citation:

Electronic Source; Publisher;; Access Date; and Web Address beginning with < and ending with >.

““Print ArticlePrint Article” Citation” Citation1. the name(s) of the author(s);

2. the “title of the article”;

3. the title of the periodical;

4. the date of the issue in which the article appears;

5. and the pages on which the article you are referring to appears.

Example:Prin, Dinah. "Marriage in the '90s." New York 2 June 1990: 40-45.

http://www.ccc.commnet.edu/mla/preparing.shtml

““ElectronicElectronic Article”Article” CitationCitation

"Gun Ownership Does Not Cause Violent Crime." Guns and Crime. James D. Torr. At Issue Series. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, June 2004.   Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Thomson Gale.  18 Apr. 2007 <http://find.galegroup.com/ips/infomark.do?&contentSet=GSRC&type=retrieve&tabID=T001&prodId=IPS&docId=EJ3010015217&source=gale&userGroupName

=avl_madi&version=1.0>. Observe: - No author, but has an editor - No pages numbers cited - Italicized both Magazine & Source - Date format for Date Retrieved

Observe: - No author, but has an editor - No pages numbers cited - Italicized both Magazine & Source - Date format for Date Retrieved

Electronic Source Publisher

Access Date

Electronic Source Publisher

Access Date

<http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/elecmla.html#articles>

““ElectronicElectronic ArticleArticle” ” CitationCitation

1. Moran, Charles. "From a High-Tech to a Low-Tech Writing Classroom: 'You Can't Go Home Again'." Computers and Writing 15.1 (April 1998). 6 Sept. 2006. <http://www.cwrl.utexas.edu/~ccjrnl/Archives/v15/15_1_html/15_1_Feature.html>

2. What’s Missing! Example from University of Wisconsin Writing lab (Does not include Online Electronic Source; cwrl.University of Texas, or CC Journal/Archives)

WebWeb Site Citations Site CitationsName of author or creator (if given). Title of

Web site. (If no title is available, provide description such as name of site plus Home page, neither underlined nor in quotation marks.) Name of any institution or organization associated with the site. Access date <URL>.

Example:Gesterland, Richard. WorldBiz.com Page.

Retrieved 1 May 2007 <http://www.worldbiz.com/>.

Guidelines for Writing a Guidelines for Writing a PaperPaper

1. Ask your teacher if she wants a Cover Page. Some don’t!

2. Type your paper on a computer and print on standard, white 8.5 x 11-inch paper,

3. Double-space the text of your paper, and use a legible font like Times New Roman or Courier.

4. Leave only one space after periods or other punctuation marks (unless otherwise instructed by your instructor).

5. Set the margins of your document to 1 inch on all sides.

Guidelines for Writing a Guidelines for Writing a PaperPaper

6. Indent the first line of a paragraph one half-inch (five spaces or press tab once) from the left margin.

7. Create a header that numbers all pages consecutively in the upper right-hand corner, one-half inch from the top and flush

with the right margin. (Note: Your instructor may ask that you omit the number on your first page.)

8. Use either italics or underlining throughout your essay for the titles of longer works and, only when absolutely necessary, providing emphasis.

9. If you have any endnotes, include them on a separate page before your Works Cited page.

Web Sites for MLAWeb Sites for MLA1. Purdue University Online Writing Lab:

<http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_docelectric.html>

2. University of Wisconsin at Madison Writing Lab: <http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/elecmla.html#mlabasic>

3. MLA Style Electronic Formats by Dr. Mary Guffey: <http://www.westwords.com/guffey/mla.html>

Web Sites for MLAWeb Sites for MLA 4. Capital Community College Writing Guide:

http://www.ccc.commnet.edu/mla/preparing.shtml

5. **Citation Machine (**make a MLA Citation)http://citationmachine.net/index.php?callstyle=1&all=

6. **NoodlesBib Express: (**make a MLA Citation) http://www.noodletools.com/

7. Wikepedia MLA Style Manual: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_MLA_style_manual

MLA Handbook for Writer of Research Papers

By Joseph Gibaldi

See it in your School or Local “Reference” Library.

For More Information See:For More Information See: