World Broadcast Experience

22hbg.com

[ WHY ELENOS? ]_

[ 10 REASONS TO CHOOSE US ]_

. WE LISTEN TO OUR CUSTOMERS AND VALUE THEIR EXPERIENCE AND NEEDS WHEN WE EVALUATE OUR DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES . WE CONSISTENTLY REINVEST 10% OF OUR REVENUE INTO R&D . WE CONTINUE TO CREATIVELY APPLY ADVANCEMENTS SUCH AS ICEFET© AND PLANAR TECHNOLOGY TO BROADCAST APPLICATIONS . WE DESIGN OUR PRODUCTS FOR MAXIMUM POWER EFFICIENCY, SAVING YOU MONEY ON ELECTRICITY BILLS AND HVAC COSTS . WE STRIVE FOR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN EFFICIENCY, REDUCING REQUIRED RACK SPACE RESULTING IN A SMALLER FOOTPRINT AND LOWER SHIPPING COSTS . WE ARE CUSTOMER ORIENTED—ASSISTING YOU IS ALWAYS OUR FIRST PRIORITY . WE WORK TO MAINTAIN GREAT BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS WITH OUR PARTS SUPPLIERS, PROTECTING AND ENHANCING YOUR SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE EXPERIENCE . WE ARE A SOLID, PRIVATELY OWNED COMPANY THAT HAS BEEN A LEADER IN THE FM BROADCAST MARKET SINCE 1977 . WE OFFER OUTSTANDING VALUE PROMOTIONS . WE ALWAYS LET YOU TEST OUR PRODUCTS AND APPRECIATE THE OPPORTUNITY TO EXCEED YOUR EXPECTATIONS!

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ENGINEERS THE WORLDOVER CHOOSE

ELENOS TRANSMITTERSBECAUSE OF THEIR

LONG TERM RELIABILITY.

SINCE 1977 WITH OVER40.000 TRANSMITTERSSOLD IN MORE THAN

100 COUNTRIES,ELENOS IS ONE OF

THE WORLD’S LARGESTTRANSMITTER COMPANIES.

ELENOSBROADCASTS YOYR EMOTION WITHMORE THAN 40.000 TRASMITTERS INMORE THAN 100 COUNTRIES

DEDICATION TO OUR CUSTOMERS

Elenos is a world leader in innovative, compact,reliable, and energy efficient FM transmitters.

Elenos has grown throughout the yearsbecause of the loyalty of it customers.

Elenos transmitter designs have evolved over the years,but two things have remained constant:

#1.Our mission to create and deliverthe most reliable transmitters in the world.

#2.The loyalty of Elenos customers.We owe our growth to return customersand the active feedback of a community of happy users.

ELENOS IS A GLOBAL COMPANY WITH OFFICES AND SUPPORT FACILITIES IN EUROPE, NORTH AMERICA AND ASIA. ELENOS TRANSMITTER PRODUCTS ARE KNOWN WORLDWIDE FOR HAVING THE HIGHEST RF AND AUDIO PERFORMANCE ON THE MARKET, FOR OFFERING "RICH" PRODUCT FEATURES, AND FOR INCORPORATING STATE-OF-THE-ART TECHNOLOGY IN DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING.

ELENOS HAS BUILT A COMPANY AROUND A TEAM OF TALENTED ENGINEERS FROM VARIED BACKGROUNDS DEDICATED TO MAKING THE BEST PERFORMING AND HIGHEST QUALITY PRODUCTS ON THE MARKET. THE RESULT HAS BEEN A LONG HISTORY OF INNOVATIVE PRODUCT DESIGN AND RELIABILITY SECOND TO NONE IN THE INDUSTRY.

THE WORLD-CLASS ELENOS TEAM IS PASSIONATE ABOUT BUILDING THE BEST PERFORMING AND HIGHEST QUALITY PRODUCTS ON THE MARKET WHILE DELIVERING OPERATIONAL COST SAVINGS. AS A PROUD ISO-CERTIFIED ORGANIZATION, ELENOS DESIGNS AND MANUFACTURES PRODUCTS TO THE HIGHEST INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY STANDARDS.

OUR MOST RECENT INNOVATIONS HAVE BEEN THE DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION OF HIGHLY ENERGY EFFICIENT TRANSMITTERS. DUE IN PART TO MAJOR DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING INVESTMENTS IN PLANAR TECHNOLOGY, ELENOS HAS EMERGED AS AN INDUSTRY LEADER IN DEVELOPING THE MOST COMPACT AND ENERGY EFFICIENT TRANSMITTERS IN THE INDUSTRY.

AS A COMPANY, ELENOS BELIEVES THAT NOT ONLY IS ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND CONSERVATION GOOD FOR OUR CUSTOMERS, IT IS GOOD FOR THE ENVIRONMENT. ELENOS BELIEVES THIS SO FIRMLY THAT IT HAS RECENTLY CONVERTED ONE OF ITS FACTORIES TO SOLAR POWER.

OUR TECHNOLOGYKNOW-HOW

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

IndiumLife Extender

IcefetEcosaving

Brain ModeHigh Temperature Resistant

Ultra Compact SizeAdaptive ControlPlanar TechnologyFast Boot-Up Time

ScalabilityEverywhere connect

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Brain Mode

Ultra CompactSize

Scalability

HighTemperatureResistant

FastBoot-UpTime Everywhere

connect

LifeExtender

Indium

Ecosaving

Icefet

PlanarTechnology

AdaptiveControl

HOME

SOLAR POWER

... we’re such a believer in energy efficiency thatwe recently converted one of our factories to solar power

SAVE YOUR ENERGYLOW CONSUMPTION - HIGH POWER

Our products feature the highest efficiency in the market due to the use of state-of-the-art technology. This not only saves operating costs, but dramatically

reduces heat dissipation, and extends the overall life of the transmitter.

Thanks to new design developments that increase electrical efficiency, our equipment delivers very low power consumption compared to

the RF power generated.

The Indium series of transmitters boasts a certifiable efficiency rate of 74%.That means savings in electrical, operating and cooling costs.

Thanks to lower operating temperatures, the life of the transmitter is extended.

EFFICIENCY AND ENERGYSAVINGS AT ALL POWER LEVELS

Competitor FM Tx 3.000set approx. at 1.6 kW

Elenos Tx ETG 1.500set at full power

of your company’senergy bill

A correctlyprogrammed transmitter cansave about 50% on yourelectricity bills

-50%

Due to our efficient design, the internal temperature of the transmittersremains exceptionally low. Energy savings, long product life and even

environmental protection are guaranteed. Want to see how much?

Calculate your savings at http://www.elenos/ecosaving

ECOSAVING

Annual savings compared totube at rated power

44%

Elenos Tx ETG 2.000set at full power

TUBE Tx power 2.000 w

00:0023:0001:0022:00

02:0021:00

03:0020:00

04:0019:00

05:00

06:00

07:00

08:00

09:00

10:0011:0012:00

13:00

14:00

15:00

16:00

17:00

18:00

Average percentageof daily use

71%

Annual savings comparedElenos EcoSaving at rated power

with time schedule active

41%

Schedule Active

Brain Mode

ECOMETER

saving

-94.4%

USER YARLY CONSUME

6’257 kW 1.126,3$

ELENOS YEARLY

6’257 kW 1.126,3$

SAVING

6’257 kW 1.126,3$

ELENOS srl - World Broadcast ExperienceCopyright © 2013/14

# Eco.MeterCompare System

World Broadcast Experience

Download the free EcoMeter app for Android or iOSand compare the power consumption of Elenos FM transmitters

to the average consumption rates of othermanufacturers' solid state or tube-type transmitters.

development by

The values are only indicatives.

CONNECTIVITYREMOTE CONTROL SYSTEM

All Indium transmitters feature the IEC60864-1 standard interface TC/TS (Telecontrol/Telesignal) for integration with traditional remote control and monitor systems. Additionally, remote monitoring and control functions can be carried out directly from a tablet, smartphone, a PC using Elenos applications, or the Elenos e-Box and a web browser.

All Indium-series transmitters are equipped with an Ethernet port allowing you to access an integrated web server providing a management and control interface via a TCP/IP or SNMP network connection. Your Indium transmitter can also include an optional internal GSM modem providing management and control access using a GRPS, 3G or 4G SMS connection.

Each method provides a full range of quick remote monitoring and diagnostic options. The standard HostLink protocol makes it simple to handle even large amounts of data.

iPad iPhoneGalaxy Tab / Galaxy Phone Lumia

EVERYWHERECONNECT

READY FOR

Personal Computer

Notebook

Tablet

Smartphone

SMART FUNCTIONSSYNAPTIC FUNCTIONS

Extraordinary performance is realised through the use of powerful operational algorithms and inter-module hardware communications within each transmitter. These software algorithms adapt each transmitter to its own unique environmental conditions, AC power system, and antenna transmission system ensuring superior RF operation and audio quality.

POWERFUL ALGORITHMS

1010111000000101 0000000000000000 11111100101011100000010100000000 0000000011111100 101011100000010100000000 00000000111111001010111000000101 000000000000000011111100 101011100000010100000000 0000000011111100 10101110000001011010111000000101 0000000000000000 11111100101011100000010100000000 0000000011111100 101011100000010100000000 00000000111111001010111000000101 000000000000000011111100 101011100000010100000000 00000000

messagesfixing

adaptive

SMTPHTTP://

remotecheck fan

timehigh

continuous equipment check activity

fan speed control

control and status messages

bug fixes and updates

high temperature resistant

adaptive control

remote control and monitor

time scheduling

HIGH POWER SUPPLYEXTREMELY SMALL - EXTREMELY POWERFUL

accuracy that also provides premium performance during voltage brownouts. 4.Speaking of under-voltage, such as during brownouts, the common switching supply offers no protection against an under-voltage situation. Simply, the output current has to be reduced. In the ELENOS transmitters, this situation is automatically managed, and the maximum output current is reduced without the necessity of manual adjustment of the output power of the transmitter. This means performing to the maximum allowable RF power. 5.In the common switching supply, it is not clear what happens in the case of short line interruptions; in particular, when the short

interruptions are very close to one another. This condition puts a huge stress on the inrush current limiter, and can be the cause of failures. The ELENOS supply relies on a powerful algorithm that protects the power supply against any kind of energy burst caused by brief interruptions. 6.Broadcasters can enjoy peace of mind when selecting the ELENOS transmitters. The entire transmitter design was specifically designed for heavy duty broadcast use. Our power supply was designed for harsh environments, handling bad quality power lines, which include fluctuations, interruptions, fast transients and so on. Why choose a transmitter using a “commercial” supply, not designed to handle these rigorous conditions?

1.000 Watt

3.000 Watt

Since, without power, no electronic device can properly function, I have described the “Power Supply” as perhaps the most important part of ELENOS transmitters. Several years ago, because of declining quality of OEM Switching Power Supplies – even among industrial supplies – ELENOS embarked on a project to design our own supply, manufactured by ELENOS. We addressed a number of the shortcomings of supplies on the market, and incorporated solutions in our design. Here is why the ELENOS supply is superior to other designs: 1.The DC output voltage is generally fixed, and not remotely adjustable. If adjustments can be made, it’s through a trimmer within 45-52 VDC. The power supply designed by ELENOS can adjust the output voltage from typically 25 VDC (this value can vary with the model of transmitter from 16 to 28 VDC) up to 50 VDC in order to obtain the maximum efficiency at any RF power level. With a fixed voltage, the maximum efficiency will be obtained only at one well defined output RF power (normally at the maximum power). With the variable supply that ELENOS designed, a wider range of maximum efficiency is realized. 2.Common supplies may not have a communications capacity, only

signaling status by high or low levels on certain pins. In the ELENOS, the supply actually communicates all of the important parameters, such as output current, output voltage, temperature, under-voltage, and supply failure through an RS485 bus to the controller. This permits the supply voltage to be continuously regulated according to the actual situation. For example, in case of excess of temperature in the RF PA, the voltage can be reduced in order to reduce the RF power (and the temperature) without loss of efficiency. A suitable algorithm allows the transmitter to obtain the maximum "safe" output RF power. Similar management is made in relation to all the temperatures inside the transmitter, as well as the VSWR. Not one of these features can be performed without a remotely wide-range regulated power supply, such as we use in the ELENOS products. 3.In typical switching supplies, the ”share” of the power is made in analogical mode, usually with a 10% error in output currents. This means that 10% (more or less) of available power in a shared system is loss. In the ELENOS supply, the currents are shared, thanks to that powerful RS485 communication bus that is capable of obtaining a typical accuracy of 2-3% over the whole voltage range. It’s this

W. H. D.

350 x 70 x 120

1325/32 x 23/4 x 423/32

mm

inch

W. H. D.

230 x 70 x 120

91/16 x 23/4 x 423/32

THE MOST IMPORTANT PART OFOUR TRANSMITTER…

PREPARED BY ANTONELLO GIOVANNELLI - DIRECTOR OF ENGINEERING, ELENOS

accuracy that also provides premium performance during voltage brownouts. 4.Speaking of under-voltage, such as during brownouts, the common switching supply offers no protection against an under-voltage situation. Simply, the output current has to be reduced. In the ELENOS transmitters, this situation is automatically managed, and the maximum output current is reduced without the necessity of manual adjustment of the output power of the transmitter. This means performing to the maximum allowable RF power. 5.In the common switching supply, it is not clear what happens in the case of short line interruptions; in particular, when the short

interruptions are very close to one another. This condition puts a huge stress on the inrush current limiter, and can be the cause of failures. The ELENOS supply relies on a powerful algorithm that protects the power supply against any kind of energy burst caused by brief interruptions. 6.Broadcasters can enjoy peace of mind when selecting the ELENOS transmitters. The entire transmitter design was specifically designed for heavy duty broadcast use. Our power supply was designed for harsh environments, handling bad quality power lines, which include fluctuations, interruptions, fast transients and so on. Why choose a transmitter using a “commercial” supply, not designed to handle these rigorous conditions?

Since, without power, no electronic device can properly function, I have described the “Power Supply” as perhaps the most important part of ELENOS transmitters. Several years ago, because of declining quality of OEM Switching Power Supplies – even among industrial supplies – ELENOS embarked on a project to design our own supply, manufactured by ELENOS. We addressed a number of the shortcomings of supplies on the market, and incorporated solutions in our design. Here is why the ELENOS supply is superior to other designs: 1.The DC output voltage is generally fixed, and not remotely adjustable. If adjustments can be made, it’s through a trimmer within 45-52 VDC. The power supply designed by ELENOS can adjust the output voltage from typically 25 VDC (this value can vary with the model of transmitter from 16 to 28 VDC) up to 50 VDC in order to obtain the maximum efficiency at any RF power level. With a fixed voltage, the maximum efficiency will be obtained only at one well defined output RF power (normally at the maximum power). With the variable supply that ELENOS designed, a wider range of maximum efficiency is realized. 2.Common supplies may not have a communications capacity, only

signaling status by high or low levels on certain pins. In the ELENOS, the supply actually communicates all of the important parameters, such as output current, output voltage, temperature, under-voltage, and supply failure through an RS485 bus to the controller. This permits the supply voltage to be continuously regulated according to the actual situation. For example, in case of excess of temperature in the RF PA, the voltage can be reduced in order to reduce the RF power (and the temperature) without loss of efficiency. A suitable algorithm allows the transmitter to obtain the maximum "safe" output RF power. Similar management is made in relation to all the temperatures inside the transmitter, as well as the VSWR. Not one of these features can be performed without a remotely wide-range regulated power supply, such as we use in the ELENOS products. 3.In typical switching supplies, the ”share” of the power is made in analogical mode, usually with a 10% error in output currents. This means that 10% (more or less) of available power in a shared system is loss. In the ELENOS supply, the currents are shared, thanks to that powerful RS485 communication bus that is capable of obtaining a typical accuracy of 2-3% over the whole voltage range. It’s this

accuracy that also provides premium performance during voltage brownouts. 4.Speaking of under-voltage, such as during brownouts, the common switching supply offers no protection against an under-voltage situation. Simply, the output current has to be reduced. In the ELENOS transmitters, this situation is automatically managed, and the maximum output current is reduced without the necessity of manual adjustment of the output power of the transmitter. This means performing to the maximum allowable RF power. 5.In the common switching supply, it is not clear what happens in the case of short line interruptions; in particular, when the short

interruptions are very close to one another. This condition puts a huge stress on the inrush current limiter, and can be the cause of failures. The ELENOS supply relies on a powerful algorithm that protects the power supply against any kind of energy burst caused by brief interruptions. 6.Broadcasters can enjoy peace of mind when selecting the ELENOS transmitters. The entire transmitter design was specifically designed for heavy duty broadcast use. Our power supply was designed for harsh environments, handling bad quality power lines, which include fluctuations, interruptions, fast transients and so on. Why choose a transmitter using a “commercial” supply, not designed to handle these rigorous conditions?

THE MOST IMPORTANT PART OFOUR TRANSMITTER…

Since, without power, no electronic device can properly function, I have described the “Power Supply” as perhaps the most important part of ELENOS transmitters. Several years ago, because of declining quality of OEM Switching Power Supplies – even among industrial supplies – ELENOS embarked on a project to design our own supply, manufactured by ELENOS. We addressed a number of the shortcomings of supplies on the market, and incorporated solutions in our design. Here is why the ELENOS supply is superior to other designs: 1.The DC output voltage is generally fixed, and not remotely adjustable. If adjustments can be made, it’s through a trimmer within 45-52 VDC. The power supply designed by ELENOS can adjust the output voltage from typically 25 VDC (this value can vary with the model of transmitter from 16 to 28 VDC) up to 50 VDC in order to obtain the maximum efficiency at any RF power level. With a fixed voltage, the maximum efficiency will be obtained only at one well defined output RF power (normally at the maximum power). With the variable supply that ELENOS designed, a wider range of maximum efficiency is realized. 2.Common supplies may not have a communications capacity, only

signaling status by high or low levels on certain pins. In the ELENOS, the supply actually communicates all of the important parameters, such as output current, output voltage, temperature, under-voltage, and supply failure through an RS485 bus to the controller. This permits the supply voltage to be continuously regulated according to the actual situation. For example, in case of excess of temperature in the RF PA, the voltage can be reduced in order to reduce the RF power (and the temperature) without loss of efficiency. A suitable algorithm allows the transmitter to obtain the maximum "safe" output RF power. Similar management is made in relation to all the temperatures inside the transmitter, as well as the VSWR. Not one of these features can be performed without a remotely wide-range regulated power supply, such as we use in the ELENOS products. 3.In typical switching supplies, the ”share” of the power is made in analogical mode, usually with a 10% error in output currents. This means that 10% (more or less) of available power in a shared system is loss. In the ELENOS supply, the currents are shared, thanks to that powerful RS485 communication bus that is capable of obtaining a typical accuracy of 2-3% over the whole voltage range. It’s this

accuracy that also provides premium performance during voltage brownouts. 4.Speaking of under-voltage, such as during brownouts, the common switching supply offers no protection against an under-voltage situation. Simply, the output current has to be reduced. In the ELENOS transmitters, this situation is automatically managed, and the maximum output current is reduced without the necessity of manual adjustment of the output power of the transmitter. This means performing to the maximum allowable RF power. 5.In the common switching supply, it is not clear what happens in the case of short line interruptions; in particular, when the short

interruptions are very close to one another. This condition puts a huge stress on the inrush current limiter, and can be the cause of failures. The ELENOS supply relies on a powerful algorithm that protects the power supply against any kind of energy burst caused by brief interruptions. 6.Broadcasters can enjoy peace of mind when selecting the ELENOS transmitters. The entire transmitter design was specifically designed for heavy duty broadcast use. Our power supply was designed for harsh environments, handling bad quality power lines, which include fluctuations, interruptions, fast transients and so on. Why choose a transmitter using a “commercial” supply, not designed to handle these rigorous conditions?

2XFR

103

HIGH POWER DENSITY

DO NOT LOOKAT WELDING FLASH

for all Range (Tx)

Elenos - FM Transmitter

CURRENTFull range

110/220V

CURRENTFull range

110/220V

Or

SO SMALL - SO POWERFUL - CAN ALSO BE A WELDER

WARNING

StrongLong Life

MTBF

Digital TalkSafety HIGH PowerCompact Size

STropicalised Full range

110/220V

POWER PACKDESIGN BY ELENOS

Since, without power, no electronic device can properly function, I have described the “Power Supply” as perhaps the most important part of ELENOS transmitters. Several years ago, because of declining quality of OEM Switching Power Supplies – even among industrial supplies – ELENOS embarked on a project to design our own supply, manufactured by ELENOS. We addressed a number of the shortcomings of supplies on the market, and incorporated solutions in our design. Here is why the ELENOS supply is superior to other designs: 1.The DC output voltage is generally fixed, and not remotely adjustable. If adjustments can be made, it’s through a trimmer within 45-52 VDC. The power supply designed by ELENOS can adjust the output voltage from typically 25 VDC (this value can vary with the model of transmitter from 16 to 28 VDC) up to 50 VDC in order to obtain the maximum efficiency at any RF power level. With a fixed voltage, the maximum efficiency will be obtained only at one well defined output RF power (normally at the maximum power). With the variable supply that ELENOS designed, a wider range of maximum efficiency is realized. 2.Common supplies may not have a communications capacity, only

signaling status by high or low levels on certain pins. In the ELENOS, the supply actually communicates all of the important parameters, such as output current, output voltage, temperature, under-voltage, and supply failure through an RS485 bus to the controller. This permits the supply voltage to be continuously regulated according to the actual situation. For example, in case of excess of temperature in the RF PA, the voltage can be reduced in order to reduce the RF power (and the temperature) without loss of efficiency. A suitable algorithm allows the transmitter to obtain the maximum "safe" output RF power. Similar management is made in relation to all the temperatures inside the transmitter, as well as the VSWR. Not one of these features can be performed without a remotely wide-range regulated power supply, such as we use in the ELENOS products. 3.In typical switching supplies, the ”share” of the power is made in analogical mode, usually with a 10% error in output currents. This means that 10% (more or less) of available power in a shared system is loss. In the ELENOS supply, the currents are shared, thanks to that powerful RS485 communication bus that is capable of obtaining a typical accuracy of 2-3% over the whole voltage range. It’s this

LED CONTROL INTERFACE

Each transmitter comes standard with a built-in exciter, LED control interface and is configurable for discreet left and right, AES/EBU or or composite multiplex (MPX) input.

EASY SURFINGSIMPLE AND IMMEDIATE MONITORING

Controlling the Indium transmitter is easy. It is possible to configure all the parameters of the transmitter by simply navigating through the software menus using the front panel control knob. Easy Access buttons take you directly to the main functions of the transmitter, so you can operate them quickly. Set up and operating parameters such as voltage, temperature and power, among others, are shown in an O-LED display. Indium transmitters also include status LEDs that provide a quick snapshot of the operation of the equipment. Complete monitoring capabilities of all transmitter parameters are also easily accessible.

NO CORROSIONALUMINIUM CHASSIS

To combat high humidity conditions, all of our circuit boards are protected with a spray coating to prevent corrosion or shorting. An aluminum chassis is used to further avoid corrosion. To combat humidity we pay particular attention to the air flow inside the transmitter. We use multiple fans for cooling, however all of the fans can stop running and the transmitter will stay on the air – albeit at reduced power. These are some of the things that make Elenos transmitters so reliable.

PLANARTECHNOLOGY

Exceptional stability, repeatability, reliability and ease of maintenance are achieved through the use of planar technology within the entire RF section (RF modules, combiners, splitter and low-pass filter). This allows for the minimization of internal connections and soldering, increasing long term operation and performance.

VERY COMPACT SIZE AND CONDENSED POWERDIMENSIONS AND MEASURES

Two rack units in height, with a weight of less than 14 kilograms (30.8 lbs),Indium transmitters offer unmatched power-versus-volume and

power-versus-weight ratios.

VIEW FRONT PANELWIDTH 48.5 cm / 19.11 inch HEIGHT 8.5 cm / 3.35 inch

VIEW BACK PANEL

Competitor Man

Only 2U Rack

Elenos

1,70 m67 “

ULTRA COMPACT SIZE

ELENOS has adopted a new concept in terms of product technology optimization which we refer to as product “Scalability.”

Scalability is based on the reuse of proven technology and parts across the entire Indium product line. By leveraging the field-proven success of our 2 RU and 4 RU Indium transmitters, we can implement systems with output powers between 150W and 40kW and higher using scalable architecture and design concepts. This allows us to produce transmitter systems with the same underlying innovative technology, user interface, components, system management algorithms, network interfaces, security protocols, and maintenance routines.

A successful concept on all fronts, “Scalability “ allows for more flexibility in product choice, economy of operation, management of spare parts, repairs, and training of our customers.

SCALABILITY

FM TRANSMITTER ETG Indium - 5000 W

Only 2 RU

20 W to 2 kW

Only 4 RU

2.5 kW to 5 kW

Only 1 RU

EchosRemote Control

Only 4 RU

Load / CB /Control Unit

2 RU 4 RU 4 RU

4 RU

4 RU

4 RU

4 RU

4 RU

4 RU

2 RU

4 RU

2 RU

4 RU

30 kW

4 RU

4 RU

4 RU

4 RU

4 RU

2 RU

1 RU

4 RU

4 RU

2 RU

20 kW

4 RU

4 RU

4 RU

2 RU

2 RU

4 RU

1 RU

15 kW

4 RU

4 RU

4 RU

2 RU

2 RU

10 kW

2.5 kWto 5 kW

20 Wto 2 kW

1 RU

ELENOS FM TRANSMITTER - RANGE EXAMPLE

20 W to 2 kW150 W to 500 W

2 RU

2.5 kW to 5 kW4 RU

10 kW20/32 RU RACK

15 kW32 RU RACK

FM TRANSMITTER - FULL RANGEONLY 3 MODULES: ENDLESS POSSIBILITIES

POWER RANGE

# 20 W to 2 kW - LOW POWER# 150 W to 500 W - LOW POWER - SOLAR RENEWABLE# 2.5 kW to 5 kW - MEDIUM POWER# 10 kW to 30 kW - HIGH POWER

20 kW40 RU RACK

25 kW40 RU RACK

30 kW40 RU RACK

1# Echos3 Telemetry - remote control for your equipment2# N+1 System - Instant and automatic failover to backup transmitters

3# FM Transmitter 20W – 2.kW ETG Indium4# FM Transmitter 2.5 kW – 5kW ETG Indium

All photos and graphics are Elenos’ property

20

32

40

RACKs

modules

possibilities

3 ENDLESS

FM TRANSMITTER ETG Indium - 5000 W

ON-AIR IN 5 MINUTESeasy and quick setup

INSTALL ON YOUR OWNlightweight equipment

SAVES MONEYworks with less than 6.5 kW AC

5.000 WATTSin only a 4U chassis

CONNECTIVITYremote monitoring systems

PLANAR TECHNOLOGYsimplified maintenance - reduced probability of failure

drr

READY FORTHE FUTURE

DIGITAL RADIO READY

drr

DISCOVERNEWTECHNOLOGIES

SMART.LAB RESEARCHPRODUCTS// DEVELOPED AND MADE IN ITALY

LUCA PARMITANO

with a great deal of attendant media attention, journalist/ entrepreneur Peter Shann Ford claimed to have located the 'a' in the waveform of Neil's transmission. Subsequently, more rigorous analyses of the transmission were undertaken by people with professional experience with audio waveforms and, most importantly, audio spectrograms. None of these analyses support Ford's conclusion. The transcription used above honors Neil's intent.][The raw NASA transcript give the start of this transmission as 109:24:48, which is clearly inconsistent with what has gone before. The Apollo 11 Mission Report gives "initial contact" as 109:24:15 or 02:56:15 GMT/UTC on 21 July 1969. Later in the mission, NASA tells the press that the first step came at 109:24:20. An examination of the restored video indicates that, to the extent that the audio and video tracks are properly synched, Neil puts his left foot firmly on the surface five seconds after the start of his transmission "I'm going to step off the LM now." and six seconds before he starts to say "That's one small step." In June 2011, Journal Contributor Heiko Küffen used the audio track that accompanies the restored video to revise times between 109:20:56 and 109:27:29. Except for the time of "That's one small step" and the transmission that follows - "Yes, the surface is fine and powdery" - there are no differences greater than 2 seconds between Heiko's analysis and the times then given in the ALSJ. I have repeated Heiko's analysis and confirm his results to within 2 seconds. In particular, Heiko gets 109:24:14 for "I'm going to step off the LM now." and I get 109:24:12. The difference is unimportant when compared with other uncertainties. My analysis is based on the time of hatch opening (given as 109:07:33 in the Mission report), which seems to be relatively certain.][Based on the times of transmissions prior to 109:24:12, Neil started to say "I'm going to step" at 109:24:12, stepped firmly on the surface at 109:24:17, and started "That's one small step" at 109:24:23. Readers interested in the exact timing of events in these transcripts should note that there are notable inconsistencies in the times given in the original NASA transcripts. Clearly, over longer intervals, times in the original transcripts are only suggestive. Discontinuous jumps in the original transcripts occur at notable mission events and elsewhere, probably at the end of tapes or tape segments used by individual transcribers. Over intervals of several minutes, the best audio clips can be used to get relative accuracies of 2-3 seconds.][After examining the soil disturbance around his left boot, Neil moves his right hand lower on the ladder and steps down with his right foot.]

109:24:48 Armstrong: Yes, the surface is fine and powdery. I can kick it up loosely with my toe. It does adhere in fine layers, like powdered charcoal, to the sole and sides of my boots. I only go in a small fraction of an inch, maybe an eighth of an inch, but I can see the footprints of my boots and the treads in the fine, sandy particles.

[In discussions about this paragraph, Andrew Chaikin suggested the transcription above for the first sentence. This replaced my original transcription, which was "(Garbled) the surface is fine and powdery."][At the end of this transmission, Neil lets go of the ladder for the first time.]

109:25:30 McCandless: Neil, this is Houston. We're copying. (Long Pause)[Neil turns to his right and faces the spacecraft, we get a reasonable view of the LEC against the bright lunar surface in the background, as

shown in TV frames captured by Andrew Chaikin.][Neil gets both hands on parts of the spacecraft and appears to do some slight knee bends. Next, he let's go of the LM and backs away; but stays close.]

109:25:46 Armstrong: Ah ... There seems to be no difficulty in moving around - as we suspected. It's even perhaps easier than the simulations of one-sixth g that we performed in the various simulations on the ground. It's absolutely no trouble to walk around. (Pause)[During this brief pause, Neil appears to take the LEC off the carabiner.]

109:26:16 Armstrong: Okay. The descent engine did not leave a crater of any size. It has about 1 foot clearance on the ground. We're essentially on a very level place here. I can see some evidence of rays emanating from the descent engine, but a very insignificant amount. (Pause)[John Saxon, Operations Manager at Honeysuckle Creek (HSK) during Apollo, has provided an image taken off the monitor at Honeysuckle Creek at about 109:26:35. Saxon writes in May 2003, "I've scanned the attached at 300 dpi, resized/resampled to slightly smaller and saved jpg at min (100 percent quality) compression - other than that I have not attempted to clean up or sharpen, etc."][Saxon and Journal Contributor Colin Mackellar have provided a collection of 17 images taken off the HSK monitor. The images are of much higher quality than what was seen by the global television audience.][Just before Neil's next transmission, NASA switches to the Goldstone signal. The image is negative in the original recordings.]

109:26:54 Armstrong: Okay, Buzz, we ready to bring down the (70 mm Hasselblad) camera?[The camera is in the ETB which, in turn, is hooked to the LEC. Both Neil and Buzz have a checklist sewn to the upper part of the left glove that covered the wrist area. Neil's is shown in NASA photo S69-38898 and Buzz's in shown in S69-38937. The camera transfer is the first item on Neil's checklist.][Armstrong - "I remember that we devised, during the training program, the LEC and the camera mount. There may have been others, but those are the two that I recall. The camera mount was something I suggested. I recall that. It was a bracket that went on the front of the RCU to hold the Hasselblads. It had always been intended that we just, you know, carry a camera like you normally carry a camera, maybe with a strap."][Aldrin - "With the bracket, one could conceivably take the camera down that way, rather than in the transfer bag."][I noted that it probably would have been impossible to get through the hatch wearing a camera. All of the crews chose to send their cameras out in the Equipment Transfer Bag (ETB).][Armstrong - "That would have been tight. I don't know."][Journal Contributor Frank O'Brien notes that the hatch is 32 inches square. Excluding the OPS, the PLSS is about 26 inches tall and 9.5 inches deep at its base. Neil's photo of Buzz saluting the flag, AS11-40-5874, allows us to estimate that the distance from the back of the PLSS to the front of the RCU is about 26 inches. When mounted on the RCU bracket, the camera adds another 8 inches, giving a total of 34 inches, 2 inches more than the aize of the hatch opening.][Returning to the missions review, I then asked Neil and Buzz about the pre-flight decision to take only one Hasselblad camera out on the EVA.]

AUGUST 1969APOLLO 11

TRANSCRIPTION

109:23:28 Armstrong: Okay, I'm at the...(Listens)

109:23:29 McCandless: ...1/160th second for shadow photography on the sequence camera.

109:23:35 Aldrin: Okay.

[The ladder is mounted on the west strut and is, therefore, in the LM's shadow. The recorded image is fairly dark. Journal Contributor Markus Mehring notes that, as a result of the information from Bruce, Buzz changes settings on the DAC and the recorded scene brightens, "just in time to catch Neil and his historic step off the footpad."][At the time we hear Neil say 'only depressed' in the following, NASA switches to the Honeysuckle Creek TV signal.]

109:23:38 Armstrong: I'm at the foot of the ladder. The LM footpads are only depressed in the surface about 1 or 2 inches, although the surface appears to be very, very fine grained, as you get close to it. It's almost like a powder. (The) ground mass is very fine. (Pause)[Just before Neil's next transmission, as a result of Buzz's changes to the 16-mm camera settings and Neil's position on the footpad, the film record shows the LEC attached to the front of Neil's suit. We can see reflections in the LMP's window of what appear to be parts of Buzz's suit as he changes the camera settings and monitors Neil's activities. Ken Glover has grabbed a frame from the 16-mm film.]

109:24:12 Armstrong: Okay. I'm going to step off the LM now. (Long Pause)[Neil has his right hand on the ladder and will step down with his left foot, leaving his right foot on the footpad. As he reaches down with his foot, the 16-mm film indicates that there isn't much slack in the LEC. (See a full discussion linked here. ) In the TV record, the LEC is just barely visible against the black sky.][The audio clip provided by John Stoll for the preceeding section regretably ends with "for (a) man" and the next clip begins with "one giant leap". Ken Glover has merged the two clips. Listeners will hear a slight change in the audio across this artificial gap. There are many other audio recordings of this historic moment that are continuous during this segment, including the audio on the video clip.]

109:24:23 Armstrong: That's one small step for (a) man; one giant leap for mankind. (Long Pause)

[At the time of the mission, the world heard Neil say "That's one small step for man; one giant leap for mankind". As Andrew Chaikin details in A Man on the Moon, after the mission, Neil said that he had intended to say 'one small step for a man' and believed that he had done so. However, he also agreed that the 'a' didn't seem to be audible in the recordings. The important point is that the world had no problem understanding his meaning. However, over the decades, people interested in details of the mission - including your editor - have listened repeatedly to the recordings, without hearing any convincing evidence of the 'a'. In 2006,

DIGITALFM TRANSMITTER

ETG3000

#DISCOVER #NEW #TECHNOLOGIES #2013#©ALL_RIGHT_RESERVED

WARNINGThe ETG3000 high-power (3 kW), ultra-compact FM transmitter with direct to channel digital exciter from Elenos is a lightweight system housed in two rack units.

Combining efficiency, low-power consumption and reliability with high fidelity and extreme sound purity through the use of digital technology, the ETG3000 is the result of the company’s know-how gained through many years of experience.

Description:

Part of the Elenos digital series of FM transmitters, the ETG3000 maximizes the concept of energy efficiency, compactness and reliability, factors that have guided Elenos in equipment design over the past decade. The unit’s extremely small size and low weight allow for easy installation and reduced transport costs.

ETG3000’s extreme energy efficiency also permits users to benefit from remarkable operating cost savings. Additionally, thanks to integrated technologies such as intelligent protection, ICEFET technology, ecosavings and Lifextender algorithms, and our own power supply design, the reliable ETG3000 even performs under extreme conditions.

High audio performance is ensured by advanced digital signal processing technology (e.g.: 2.4 GHz clock, 24-bit analog converter). Sound fidelity, purity and the total absence of microphonic noise are guaranteed over the entire band.

The ETG3000’s extremely fast performance is particularly important in N+1 systems, allowing the transmitter to remain on air without interruption even in the case of a system failure. Through the use of trimmer electronics (presets), the ETG3000’s characteristics and performance remain unchanged over time, even under different environmental conditions.

The system is equipped with audio MPX input (balanced and

unbalanced), L&R (or mono) with stereo generator , AES/EBU (electrical and optical), SCA, RDS, and an option for an Ethernet input for IP audio streaming.

ALL AUDIO CHANNELS ARE INDEPENDENT AND SIMULTANEOUS, ALLOWING YOU TO SWITCH BACK AND FORTH BETWEEN EACH INPUT. IN THE EVENT OF A COMPLETE LOSS OF THE STUDIO-TO-TRANSMITTER LIVE LINK, THE ETG3000 IS ALSO EQUIPPED WITH A USB PORT FOR STORING BACKUP AUDIO PROGRAM DATA.

THE SINGLE FREQUENCY NETWORK (SFN) FUNCTION ALLOWS FOR RECEPTION CONTINUITY, WHICH IS PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT FOR APPLICATIONS REQUIRING EXTENDED COVERAGE. EACH TRANSMITTER ALSO INCLUDES A BUILT-IN GPS RECEIVER AND ANTENNA. EQUIPPED WITH REMOTE CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT COMPONENTS, USERS CAN RECEIVE DATA FROM AND SEND INSTRUCTIONS TO THE TRANSMITTER VIA SMS, GPRS, TCP/IP OR SNMP COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS.

TO DECRYPT THE TEXTUSE THE SPECIAL PLATE RED PLEXIGLASS

with a great deal of attendant media attention, journalist/ entrepreneur Peter Shann Ford claimed to have located the 'a' in the waveform of Neil's transmission. Subsequently, more rigorous analyses of the transmission were undertaken by people with professional experience with audio waveforms and, most importantly, audio spectrograms. None of these analyses support Ford's conclusion. The transcription used above honors Neil's intent.][The raw NASA transcript give the start of this transmission as 109:24:48, which is clearly inconsistent with what has gone before. The Apollo 11 Mission Report gives "initial contact" as 109:24:15 or 02:56:15 GMT/UTC on 21 July 1969. Later in the mission, NASA tells the press that the first step came at 109:24:20. An examination of the restored video indicates that, to the extent that the audio and video tracks are properly synched, Neil puts his left foot firmly on the surface five seconds after the start of his transmission "I'm going to step off the LM now." and six seconds before he starts to say "That's one small step." In June 2011, Journal Contributor Heiko Küffen used the audio track that accompanies the restored video to revise times between 109:20:56 and 109:27:29. Except for the time of "That's one small step" and the transmission that follows - "Yes, the surface is fine and powdery" - there are no differences greater than 2 seconds between Heiko's analysis and the times then given in the ALSJ. I have repeated Heiko's analysis and confirm his results to within 2 seconds. In particular, Heiko gets 109:24:14 for "I'm going to step off the LM now." and I get 109:24:12. The difference is unimportant when compared with other uncertainties. My analysis is based on the time of hatch opening (given as 109:07:33 in the Mission report), which seems to be relatively certain.][Based on the times of transmissions prior to 109:24:12, Neil started to say "I'm going to step" at 109:24:12, stepped firmly on the surface at 109:24:17, and started "That's one small step" at 109:24:23. Readers interested in the exact timing of events in these transcripts should note that there are notable inconsistencies in the times given in the original NASA transcripts. Clearly, over longer intervals, times in the original transcripts are only suggestive. Discontinuous jumps in the original transcripts occur at notable mission events and elsewhere, probably at the end of tapes or tape segments used by individual transcribers. Over intervals of several minutes, the best audio clips can be used to get relative accuracies of 2-3 seconds.][After examining the soil disturbance around his left boot, Neil moves his right hand lower on the ladder and steps down with his right foot.]

109:24:48 Armstrong: Yes, the surface is fine and powdery. I can kick it up loosely with my toe. It does adhere in fine layers, like powdered charcoal, to the sole and sides of my boots. I only go in a small fraction of an inch, maybe an eighth of an inch, but I can see the footprints of my boots and the treads in the fine, sandy particles.

[In discussions about this paragraph, Andrew Chaikin suggested the transcription above for the first sentence. This replaced my original transcription, which was "(Garbled) the surface is fine and powdery."][At the end of this transmission, Neil lets go of the ladder for the first time.]

109:25:30 McCandless: Neil, this is Houston. We're copying. (Long Pause)[Neil turns to his right and faces the spacecraft, we get a reasonable view of the LEC against the bright lunar surface in the background, as

shown in TV frames captured by Andrew Chaikin.][Neil gets both hands on parts of the spacecraft and appears to do some slight knee bends. Next, he let's go of the LM and backs away; but stays close.]

109:25:46 Armstrong: Ah ... There seems to be no difficulty in moving around - as we suspected. It's even perhaps easier than the simulations of one-sixth g that we performed in the various simulations on the ground. It's absolutely no trouble to walk around. (Pause)[During this brief pause, Neil appears to take the LEC off the carabiner.]

109:26:16 Armstrong: Okay. The descent engine did not leave a crater of any size. It has about 1 foot clearance on the ground. We're essentially on a very level place here. I can see some evidence of rays emanating from the descent engine, but a very insignificant amount. (Pause)[John Saxon, Operations Manager at Honeysuckle Creek (HSK) during Apollo, has provided an image taken off the monitor at Honeysuckle Creek at about 109:26:35. Saxon writes in May 2003, "I've scanned the attached at 300 dpi, resized/resampled to slightly smaller and saved jpg at min (100 percent quality) compression - other than that I have not attempted to clean up or sharpen, etc."][Saxon and Journal Contributor Colin Mackellar have provided a collection of 17 images taken off the HSK monitor. The images are of much higher quality than what was seen by the global television audience.][Just before Neil's next transmission, NASA switches to the Goldstone signal. The image is negative in the original recordings.]

109:26:54 Armstrong: Okay, Buzz, we ready to bring down the (70 mm Hasselblad) camera?[The camera is in the ETB which, in turn, is hooked to the LEC. Both Neil and Buzz have a checklist sewn to the upper part of the left glove that covered the wrist area. Neil's is shown in NASA photo S69-38898 and Buzz's in shown in S69-38937. The camera transfer is the first item on Neil's checklist.][Armstrong - "I remember that we devised, during the training program, the LEC and the camera mount. There may have been others, but those are the two that I recall. The camera mount was something I suggested. I recall that. It was a bracket that went on the front of the RCU to hold the Hasselblads. It had always been intended that we just, you know, carry a camera like you normally carry a camera, maybe with a strap."][Aldrin - "With the bracket, one could conceivably take the camera down that way, rather than in the transfer bag."][I noted that it probably would have been impossible to get through the hatch wearing a camera. All of the crews chose to send their cameras out in the Equipment Transfer Bag (ETB).][Armstrong - "That would have been tight. I don't know."][Journal Contributor Frank O'Brien notes that the hatch is 32 inches square. Excluding the OPS, the PLSS is about 26 inches tall and 9.5 inches deep at its base. Neil's photo of Buzz saluting the flag, AS11-40-5874, allows us to estimate that the distance from the back of the PLSS to the front of the RCU is about 26 inches. When mounted on the RCU bracket, the camera adds another 8 inches, giving a total of 34 inches, 2 inches more than the aize of the hatch opening.][Returning to the missions review, I then asked Neil and Buzz about the pre-flight decision to take only one Hasselblad camera out on the EVA.]

109:23:28 Armstrong: Okay, I'm at the...(Listens)

109:23:29 McCandless: ...1/160th second for shadow photography on the sequence camera.

109:23:35 Aldrin: Okay.

[The ladder is mounted on the west strut and is, therefore, in the LM's shadow. The recorded image is fairly dark. Journal Contributor Markus Mehring notes that, as a result of the information from Bruce, Buzz changes settings on the DAC and the recorded scene brightens, "just in time to catch Neil and his historic step off the footpad."][At the time we hear Neil say 'only depressed' in the following, NASA switches to the Honeysuckle Creek TV signal.]

109:23:38 Armstrong: I'm at the foot of the ladder. The LM footpads are only depressed in the surface about 1 or 2 inches, although the surface appears to be very, very fine grained, as you get close to it. It's almost like a powder. (The) ground mass is very fine. (Pause)[Just before Neil's next transmission, as a result of Buzz's changes to the 16-mm camera settings and Neil's position on the footpad, the film record shows the LEC attached to the front of Neil's suit. We can see reflections in the LMP's window of what appear to be parts of Buzz's suit as he changes the camera settings and monitors Neil's activities. Ken Glover has grabbed a frame from the 16-mm film.]

109:24:12 Armstrong: Okay. I'm going to step off the LM now. (Long Pause)[Neil has his right hand on the ladder and will step down with his left foot, leaving his right foot on the footpad. As he reaches down with his foot, the 16-mm film indicates that there isn't much slack in the LEC. (See a full discussion linked here. ) In the TV record, the LEC is just barely visible against the black sky.][The audio clip provided by John Stoll for the preceeding section regretably ends with "for (a) man" and the next clip begins with "one giant leap". Ken Glover has merged the two clips. Listeners will hear a slight change in the audio across this artificial gap. There are many other audio recordings of this historic moment that are continuous during this segment, including the audio on the video clip.]

109:24:23 Armstrong: That's one small step for (a) man; one giant leap for mankind. (Long Pause)

[At the time of the mission, the world heard Neil say "That's one small step for man; one giant leap for mankind". As Andrew Chaikin details in A Man on the Moon, after the mission, Neil said that he had intended to say 'one small step for a man' and believed that he had done so. However, he also agreed that the 'a' didn't seem to be audible in the recordings. The important point is that the world had no problem understanding his meaning. However, over the decades, people interested in details of the mission - including your editor - have listened repeatedly to the recordings, without hearing any convincing evidence of the 'a'. In 2006,

The ETG3000 high-power (3 kW), ultra-compact FM transmitter with direct to channel digital exciter from Elenos is a lightweight system housed in two rack units.

Combining efficiency, low-power consumption and reliability with high fidelity and extreme sound purity through the use of digital technology, the ETG3000 is the result of the company’s know-how gained through many years of experience.

Description:

Part of the Elenos digital series of FM transmitters, the ETG3000 maximizes the concept of energy efficiency, compactness and reliability, factors that have guided Elenos in equipment design over the past decade. The unit’s extremely small size and low weight allow for easy installation and reduced transport costs.

ETG3000’s extreme energy efficiency also permits users to benefit from remarkable operating cost savings. Additionally, thanks to integrated technologies such as intelligent protection, ICEFET technology, ecosavings and Lifextender algorithms, and our own power supply design, the reliable ETG3000 even performs under extreme conditions.

High audio performance is ensured by advanced digital signal processing technology (e.g.: 2.4 GHz clock, 24-bit analog converter). Sound fidelity, purity and the total absence of microphonic noise are guaranteed over the entire band.

The ETG3000’s extremely fast performance is particularly important in N+1 systems, allowing the transmitter to remain on air without interruption even in the case of a system failure. Through the use of trimmer electronics (presets), the ETG3000’s characteristics and performance remain unchanged over time, even under different environmental conditions.

The system is equipped with audio MPX input (balanced and

unbalanced), L&R (or mono) with stereo generator , AES/EBU (electrical and optical), SCA, RDS, and an option for an Ethernet input for IP audio streaming.

ALL AUDIO CHANNELS ARE INDEPENDENT AND SIMULTANEOUS, ALLOWING YOU TO SWITCH BACK AND FORTH BETWEEN EACH INPUT. IN THE EVENT OF A COMPLETE LOSS OF THE STUDIO-TO-TRANSMITTER LIVE LINK, THE ETG3000 IS ALSO EQUIPPED WITH A USB PORT FOR STORING BACKUP AUDIO PROGRAM DATA.

THE SINGLE FREQUENCY NETWORK (SFN) FUNCTION ALLOWS FOR RECEPTION CONTINUITY, WHICH IS PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT FOR APPLICATIONS REQUIRING EXTENDED COVERAGE. EACH TRANSMITTER ALSO INCLUDES A BUILT-IN GPS RECEIVER AND ANTENNA. EQUIPPED WITH REMOTE CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT COMPONENTS, USERS CAN RECEIVE DATA FROM AND SEND INSTRUCTIONS TO THE TRANSMITTER VIA SMS, GPRS, TCP/IP OR SNMP COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS.

with a great deal of attendant media attention, journalist/ entrepreneur Peter Shann Ford claimed to have located the 'a' in the waveform of Neil's transmission. Subsequently, more rigorous analyses of the transmission were undertaken by people with professional experience with audio waveforms and, most importantly, audio spectrograms. None of these analyses support Ford's conclusion. The transcription used above honors Neil's intent.][The raw NASA transcript give the start of this transmission as 109:24:48, which is clearly inconsistent with what has gone before. The Apollo 11 Mission Report gives "initial contact" as 109:24:15 or 02:56:15 GMT/UTC on 21 July 1969. Later in the mission, NASA tells the press that the first step came at 109:24:20. An examination of the restored video indicates that, to the extent that the audio and video tracks are properly synched, Neil puts his left foot firmly on the surface five seconds after the start of his transmission "I'm going to step off the LM now." and six seconds before he starts to say "That's one small step." In June 2011, Journal Contributor Heiko Küffen used the audio track that accompanies the restored video to revise times between 109:20:56 and 109:27:29. Except for the time of "That's one small step" and the transmission that follows - "Yes, the surface is fine and powdery" - there are no differences greater than 2 seconds between Heiko's analysis and the times then given in the ALSJ. I have repeated Heiko's analysis and confirm his results to within 2 seconds. In particular, Heiko gets 109:24:14 for "I'm going to step off the LM now." and I get 109:24:12. The difference is unimportant when compared with other uncertainties. My analysis is based on the time of hatch opening (given as 109:07:33 in the Mission report), which seems to be relatively certain.][Based on the times of transmissions prior to 109:24:12, Neil started to say "I'm going to step" at 109:24:12, stepped firmly on the surface at 109:24:17, and started "That's one small step" at 109:24:23. Readers interested in the exact timing of events in these transcripts should note that there are notable inconsistencies in the times given in the original NASA transcripts. Clearly, over longer intervals, times in the original transcripts are only suggestive. Discontinuous jumps in the original transcripts occur at notable mission events and elsewhere, probably at the end of tapes or tape segments used by individual transcribers. Over intervals of several minutes, the best audio clips can be used to get relative accuracies of 2-3 seconds.][After examining the soil disturbance around his left boot, Neil moves his right hand lower on the ladder and steps down with his right foot.]

109:24:48 Armstrong: Yes, the surface is fine and powdery. I can kick it up loosely with my toe. It does adhere in fine layers, like powdered charcoal, to the sole and sides of my boots. I only go in a small fraction of an inch, maybe an eighth of an inch, but I can see the footprints of my boots and the treads in the fine, sandy particles.

[In discussions about this paragraph, Andrew Chaikin suggested the transcription above for the first sentence. This replaced my original transcription, which was "(Garbled) the surface is fine and powdery."][At the end of this transmission, Neil lets go of the ladder for the first time.]

109:25:30 McCandless: Neil, this is Houston. We're copying. (Long Pause)[Neil turns to his right and faces the spacecraft, we get a reasonable view of the LEC against the bright lunar surface in the background, as

shown in TV frames captured by Andrew Chaikin.][Neil gets both hands on parts of the spacecraft and appears to do some slight knee bends. Next, he let's go of the LM and backs away; but stays close.]

109:25:46 Armstrong: Ah ... There seems to be no difficulty in moving around - as we suspected. It's even perhaps easier than the simulations of one-sixth g that we performed in the various simulations on the ground. It's absolutely no trouble to walk around. (Pause)[During this brief pause, Neil appears to take the LEC off the carabiner.]

109:26:16 Armstrong: Okay. The descent engine did not leave a crater of any size. It has about 1 foot clearance on the ground. We're essentially on a very level place here. I can see some evidence of rays emanating from the descent engine, but a very insignificant amount. (Pause)[John Saxon, Operations Manager at Honeysuckle Creek (HSK) during Apollo, has provided an image taken off the monitor at Honeysuckle Creek at about 109:26:35. Saxon writes in May 2003, "I've scanned the attached at 300 dpi, resized/resampled to slightly smaller and saved jpg at min (100 percent quality) compression - other than that I have not attempted to clean up or sharpen, etc."][Saxon and Journal Contributor Colin Mackellar have provided a collection of 17 images taken off the HSK monitor. The images are of much higher quality than what was seen by the global television audience.][Just before Neil's next transmission, NASA switches to the Goldstone signal. The image is negative in the original recordings.]

109:26:54 Armstrong: Okay, Buzz, we ready to bring down the (70 mm Hasselblad) camera?[The camera is in the ETB which, in turn, is hooked to the LEC. Both Neil and Buzz have a checklist sewn to the upper part of the left glove that covered the wrist area. Neil's is shown in NASA photo S69-38898 and Buzz's in shown in S69-38937. The camera transfer is the first item on Neil's checklist.][Armstrong - "I remember that we devised, during the training program, the LEC and the camera mount. There may have been others, but those are the two that I recall. The camera mount was something I suggested. I recall that. It was a bracket that went on the front of the RCU to hold the Hasselblads. It had always been intended that we just, you know, carry a camera like you normally carry a camera, maybe with a strap."][Aldrin - "With the bracket, one could conceivably take the camera down that way, rather than in the transfer bag."][I noted that it probably would have been impossible to get through the hatch wearing a camera. All of the crews chose to send their cameras out in the Equipment Transfer Bag (ETB).][Armstrong - "That would have been tight. I don't know."][Journal Contributor Frank O'Brien notes that the hatch is 32 inches square. Excluding the OPS, the PLSS is about 26 inches tall and 9.5 inches deep at its base. Neil's photo of Buzz saluting the flag, AS11-40-5874, allows us to estimate that the distance from the back of the PLSS to the front of the RCU is about 26 inches. When mounted on the RCU bracket, the camera adds another 8 inches, giving a total of 34 inches, 2 inches more than the aize of the hatch opening.][Returning to the missions review, I then asked Neil and Buzz about the pre-flight decision to take only one Hasselblad camera out on the EVA.]

109:23:28 Armstrong: Okay, I'm at the...(Listens)

109:23:29 McCandless: ...1/160th second for shadow photography on the sequence camera.

109:23:35 Aldrin: Okay.

[The ladder is mounted on the west strut and is, therefore, in the LM's shadow. The recorded image is fairly dark. Journal Contributor Markus Mehring notes that, as a result of the information from Bruce, Buzz changes settings on the DAC and the recorded scene brightens, "just in time to catch Neil and his historic step off the footpad."][At the time we hear Neil say 'only depressed' in the following, NASA switches to the Honeysuckle Creek TV signal.]

109:23:38 Armstrong: I'm at the foot of the ladder. The LM footpads are only depressed in the surface about 1 or 2 inches, although the surface appears to be very, very fine grained, as you get close to it. It's almost like a powder. (The) ground mass is very fine. (Pause)[Just before Neil's next transmission, as a result of Buzz's changes to the 16-mm camera settings and Neil's position on the footpad, the film record shows the LEC attached to the front of Neil's suit. We can see reflections in the LMP's window of what appear to be parts of Buzz's suit as he changes the camera settings and monitors Neil's activities. Ken Glover has grabbed a frame from the 16-mm film.]

109:24:12 Armstrong: Okay. I'm going to step off the LM now. (Long Pause)[Neil has his right hand on the ladder and will step down with his left foot, leaving his right foot on the footpad. As he reaches down with his foot, the 16-mm film indicates that there isn't much slack in the LEC. (See a full discussion linked here. ) In the TV record, the LEC is just barely visible against the black sky.][The audio clip provided by John Stoll for the preceeding section regretably ends with "for (a) man" and the next clip begins with "one giant leap". Ken Glover has merged the two clips. Listeners will hear a slight change in the audio across this artificial gap. There are many other audio recordings of this historic moment that are continuous during this segment, including the audio on the video clip.]

109:24:23 Armstrong: That's one small step for (a) man; one giant leap for mankind. (Long Pause)

[At the time of the mission, the world heard Neil say "That's one small step for man; one giant leap for mankind". As Andrew Chaikin details in A Man on the Moon, after the mission, Neil said that he had intended to say 'one small step for a man' and believed that he had done so. However, he also agreed that the 'a' didn't seem to be audible in the recordings. The important point is that the world had no problem understanding his meaning. However, over the decades, people interested in details of the mission - including your editor - have listened repeatedly to the recordings, without hearing any convincing evidence of the 'a'. In 2006,

The ETG3000 high-power (3 kW), ultra-compact FM transmitter with direct to channel digital exciter from Elenos is a lightweight system housed in two rack units.

Combining efficiency, low-power consumption and reliability with high fidelity and extreme sound purity through the use of digital technology, the ETG3000 is the result of the company’s know-how gained through many years of experience.

Description:

Part of the Elenos digital series of FM transmitters, the ETG3000 maximizes the concept of energy efficiency, compactness and reliability, factors that have guided Elenos in equipment design over the past decade. The unit’s extremely small size and low weight allow for easy installation and reduced transport costs.

ETG3000’s extreme energy efficiency also permits users to benefit from remarkable operating cost savings. Additionally, thanks to integrated technologies such as intelligent protection, ICEFET technology, ecosavings and Lifextender algorithms, and our own power supply design, the reliable ETG3000 even performs under extreme conditions.

High audio performance is ensured by advanced digital signal processing technology (e.g.: 2.4 GHz clock, 24-bit analog converter). Sound fidelity, purity and the total absence of microphonic noise are guaranteed over the entire band.

The ETG3000’s extremely fast performance is particularly important in N+1 systems, allowing the transmitter to remain on air without interruption even in the case of a system failure. Through the use of trimmer electronics (presets), the ETG3000’s characteristics and performance remain unchanged over time, even under different environmental conditions.

The system is equipped with audio MPX input (balanced and

unbalanced), L&R (or mono) with stereo generator , AES/EBU (electrical and optical), SCA, RDS, and an option for an Ethernet input for IP audio streaming.

ALL AUDIO CHANNELS ARE INDEPENDENT AND SIMULTANEOUS, ALLOWING YOU TO SWITCH BACK AND FORTH BETWEEN EACH INPUT. IN THE EVENT OF A COMPLETE LOSS OF THE STUDIO-TO-TRANSMITTER LIVE LINK, THE ETG3000 IS ALSO EQUIPPED WITH A USB PORT FOR STORING BACKUP AUDIO PROGRAM DATA.

THE SINGLE FREQUENCY NETWORK (SFN) FUNCTION ALLOWS FOR RECEPTION CONTINUITY, WHICH IS PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT FOR APPLICATIONS REQUIRING EXTENDED COVERAGE. EACH TRANSMITTER ALSO INCLUDES A BUILT-IN GPS RECEIVER AND ANTENNA. EQUIPPED WITH REMOTE CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT COMPONENTS, USERS CAN RECEIVE DATA FROM AND SEND INSTRUCTIONS TO THE TRANSMITTER VIA SMS, GPRS, TCP/IP OR SNMP COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS.

with a great deal of attendant media attention, journalist/ entrepreneur Peter Shann Ford claimed to have located the 'a' in the waveform of Neil's transmission. Subsequently, more rigorous analyses of the transmission were undertaken by people with professional experience with audio waveforms and, most importantly, audio spectrograms. None of these analyses support Ford's conclusion. The transcription used above honors Neil's intent.][The raw NASA transcript give the start of this transmission as 109:24:48, which is clearly inconsistent with what has gone before. The Apollo 11 Mission Report gives "initial contact" as 109:24:15 or 02:56:15 GMT/UTC on 21 July 1969. Later in the mission, NASA tells the press that the first step came at 109:24:20. An examination of the restored video indicates that, to the extent that the audio and video tracks are properly synched, Neil puts his left foot firmly on the surface five seconds after the start of his transmission "I'm going to step off the LM now." and six seconds before he starts to say "That's one small step." In June 2011, Journal Contributor Heiko Küffen used the audio track that accompanies the restored video to revise times between 109:20:56 and 109:27:29. Except for the time of "That's one small step" and the transmission that follows - "Yes, the surface is fine and powdery" - there are no differences greater than 2 seconds between Heiko's analysis and the times then given in the ALSJ. I have repeated Heiko's analysis and confirm his results to within 2 seconds. In particular, Heiko gets 109:24:14 for "I'm going to step off the LM now." and I get 109:24:12. The difference is unimportant when compared with other uncertainties. My analysis is based on the time of hatch opening (given as 109:07:33 in the Mission report), which seems to be relatively certain.][Based on the times of transmissions prior to 109:24:12, Neil started to say "I'm going to step" at 109:24:12, stepped firmly on the surface at 109:24:17, and started "That's one small step" at 109:24:23. Readers interested in the exact timing of events in these transcripts should note that there are notable inconsistencies in the times given in the original NASA transcripts. Clearly, over longer intervals, times in the original transcripts are only suggestive. Discontinuous jumps in the original transcripts occur at notable mission events and elsewhere, probably at the end of tapes or tape segments used by individual transcribers. Over intervals of several minutes, the best audio clips can be used to get relative accuracies of 2-3 seconds.][After examining the soil disturbance around his left boot, Neil moves his right hand lower on the ladder and steps down with his right foot.]

109:24:48 Armstrong: Yes, the surface is fine and powdery. I can kick it up loosely with my toe. It does adhere in fine layers, like powdered charcoal, to the sole and sides of my boots. I only go in a small fraction of an inch, maybe an eighth of an inch, but I can see the footprints of my boots and the treads in the fine, sandy particles.

[In discussions about this paragraph, Andrew Chaikin suggested the transcription above for the first sentence. This replaced my original transcription, which was "(Garbled) the surface is fine and powdery."][At the end of this transmission, Neil lets go of the ladder for the first time.]

109:25:30 McCandless: Neil, this is Houston. We're copying. (Long Pause)[Neil turns to his right and faces the spacecraft, we get a reasonable view of the LEC against the bright lunar surface in the background, as

shown in TV frames captured by Andrew Chaikin.][Neil gets both hands on parts of the spacecraft and appears to do some slight knee bends. Next, he let's go of the LM and backs away; but stays close.]

109:25:46 Armstrong: Ah ... There seems to be no difficulty in moving around - as we suspected. It's even perhaps easier than the simulations of one-sixth g that we performed in the various simulations on the ground. It's absolutely no trouble to walk around. (Pause)[During this brief pause, Neil appears to take the LEC off the carabiner.]

109:26:16 Armstrong: Okay. The descent engine did not leave a crater of any size. It has about 1 foot clearance on the ground. We're essentially on a very level place here. I can see some evidence of rays emanating from the descent engine, but a very insignificant amount. (Pause)[John Saxon, Operations Manager at Honeysuckle Creek (HSK) during Apollo, has provided an image taken off the monitor at Honeysuckle Creek at about 109:26:35. Saxon writes in May 2003, "I've scanned the attached at 300 dpi, resized/resampled to slightly smaller and saved jpg at min (100 percent quality) compression - other than that I have not attempted to clean up or sharpen, etc."][Saxon and Journal Contributor Colin Mackellar have provided a collection of 17 images taken off the HSK monitor. The images are of much higher quality than what was seen by the global television audience.][Just before Neil's next transmission, NASA switches to the Goldstone signal. The image is negative in the original recordings.]

109:26:54 Armstrong: Okay, Buzz, we ready to bring down the (70 mm Hasselblad) camera?[The camera is in the ETB which, in turn, is hooked to the LEC. Both Neil and Buzz have a checklist sewn to the upper part of the left glove that covered the wrist area. Neil's is shown in NASA photo S69-38898 and Buzz's in shown in S69-38937. The camera transfer is the first item on Neil's checklist.][Armstrong - "I remember that we devised, during the training program, the LEC and the camera mount. There may have been others, but those are the two that I recall. The camera mount was something I suggested. I recall that. It was a bracket that went on the front of the RCU to hold the Hasselblads. It had always been intended that we just, you know, carry a camera like you normally carry a camera, maybe with a strap."][Aldrin - "With the bracket, one could conceivably take the camera down that way, rather than in the transfer bag."][I noted that it probably would have been impossible to get through the hatch wearing a camera. All of the crews chose to send their cameras out in the Equipment Transfer Bag (ETB).][Armstrong - "That would have been tight. I don't know."][Journal Contributor Frank O'Brien notes that the hatch is 32 inches square. Excluding the OPS, the PLSS is about 26 inches tall and 9.5 inches deep at its base. Neil's photo of Buzz saluting the flag, AS11-40-5874, allows us to estimate that the distance from the back of the PLSS to the front of the RCU is about 26 inches. When mounted on the RCU bracket, the camera adds another 8 inches, giving a total of 34 inches, 2 inches more than the aize of the hatch opening.][Returning to the missions review, I then asked Neil and Buzz about the pre-flight decision to take only one Hasselblad camera out on the EVA.]

109:23:28 Armstrong: Okay, I'm at the...(Listens)

109:23:29 McCandless: ...1/160th second for shadow photography on the sequence camera.

109:23:35 Aldrin: Okay.

[The ladder is mounted on the west strut and is, therefore, in the LM's shadow. The recorded image is fairly dark. Journal Contributor Markus Mehring notes that, as a result of the information from Bruce, Buzz changes settings on the DAC and the recorded scene brightens, "just in time to catch Neil and his historic step off the footpad."][At the time we hear Neil say 'only depressed' in the following, NASA switches to the Honeysuckle Creek TV signal.]

109:23:38 Armstrong: I'm at the foot of the ladder. The LM footpads are only depressed in the surface about 1 or 2 inches, although the surface appears to be very, very fine grained, as you get close to it. It's almost like a powder. (The) ground mass is very fine. (Pause)[Just before Neil's next transmission, as a result of Buzz's changes to the 16-mm camera settings and Neil's position on the footpad, the film record shows the LEC attached to the front of Neil's suit. We can see reflections in the LMP's window of what appear to be parts of Buzz's suit as he changes the camera settings and monitors Neil's activities. Ken Glover has grabbed a frame from the 16-mm film.]

109:24:12 Armstrong: Okay. I'm going to step off the LM now. (Long Pause)[Neil has his right hand on the ladder and will step down with his left foot, leaving his right foot on the footpad. As he reaches down with his foot, the 16-mm film indicates that there isn't much slack in the LEC. (See a full discussion linked here. ) In the TV record, the LEC is just barely visible against the black sky.][The audio clip provided by John Stoll for the preceeding section regretably ends with "for (a) man" and the next clip begins with "one giant leap". Ken Glover has merged the two clips. Listeners will hear a slight change in the audio across this artificial gap. There are many other audio recordings of this historic moment that are continuous during this segment, including the audio on the video clip.]

109:24:23 Armstrong: That's one small step for (a) man; one giant leap for mankind. (Long Pause)

[At the time of the mission, the world heard Neil say "That's one small step for man; one giant leap for mankind". As Andrew Chaikin details in A Man on the Moon, after the mission, Neil said that he had intended to say 'one small step for a man' and believed that he had done so. However, he also agreed that the 'a' didn't seem to be audible in the recordings. The important point is that the world had no problem understanding his meaning. However, over the decades, people interested in details of the mission - including your editor - have listened repeatedly to the recordings, without hearing any convincing evidence of the 'a'. In 2006,

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SOCIAL PROJECTFOR AMARC.ORG

WOMANRADIO TRAINING NETWORK

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TRAINING AND INFORMATIONIN AFRICA

ELENOS_ SOCIAL PROJECT

ELENOS SOCIALE NON-PROFIT CASE STUDY

EMPOWERING WOMEN THROUGH TRAINING AND INFORMATION

IN AFRICA

Radio has an enormous impact all over the world. Its widespread availability and capacity to reach a large part of the population, even in rural areas marked by extreme poverty, have transformed the medium into a serious development tool.

Despite the strong desire to participate in the public and private sectors, women must overcome stereotypes and a limited interpretation of gender problems. Regrettably, male domination in the media and balanced gender representation remains an issue.

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Even with new opportunities, it can still be difficult for ordinary women of all ages to have access to radio management and publicly express their opinions and discuss their interests.

To overcome these challenges, it is necessary to encourage women to participate in all aspects of broadcast operations: as presenters, contributors, managers and specialised technicians. Women's ownership of community radio stations should be facilitated and encouraged, as well the acquisition of technical skills to ensure gender independence and the capacity to manage the technical equipment that provides the foundation of all radio broadcasts.

ELENOS SOCIALE NON-PROFIT CASE STUDY

EMPOWERING WOMEN THROUGH TRAINING AND INFORMATION

IN AFRICA

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- To support the efforts of African community radio broadcasters involved in encouraging women's empowerment processes through training opportunities and the endowment of technical instrumentation.

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WORLD ASSOCIATION OFCOMMUNITY RADIO BROADCASTERS

AMARC Europe is the regional branch of the World Association of Community Radio Broadcasters. Through service to its members, networking, and project implementation, the World Association of Community Radio Broadcasters brings together a network of more than 4,000 community radio leaders, federations and stakeholders in more than 115 countries.

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AMARC Europe

Rue de la Linière 11 - 1060, Bruxelles - Belgiumtelephone +32 2609 44 40

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