Energy Efficiency in Equipments

8/18/2019 Energy Efficiency in Equipments

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Energy

ConservationIn different Scenarios


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Importance of Energy

Conservation 85% of primary energy comes from non-renewable sources

Energy Efficiency

Modifying processes without affecting

output to save more energy

Energy Conservation

educing power consumption by limiting

e!uipment use" may affect comfort level

Had to use a mixture of both


3/15

Energy Conservation in Diesel

Generators Selection Criteria for #rime mover $ #ower Speed Engine power $ &'% more than (enerator ating$- )or over load

conditions

Speed $ ma*imum efficiency near synchronous speed+

,ow speed diesel engine is more efficient than high speed $ promptingusage of (ear system+


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Advantages of DG System ,ow installation cost

Short delivery periods and installation period

igher efficiency .as high as /0 -/5 %1

Efficient plant performance under part loads

Can be used for different types of fuels+ Minimum cooling water re!uirements

Short start up time


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DG System: Energy Saving Methods Ensure Steady ,oad Condition and avoid faults

Clean the air filter periodically

Storage of fuel oil should be as per manufacturer recommendations

2sage of fuel additives which may benefit the dg system

Calibration of fuel in3ection system #eriodic monitoring of 4( performance

#eriodic maintenance as per manufacturer recommendations+

aste heat recovery system utilising 3ac6et water and e*haust gas

for steam generation or space heating etc+ in base load system

2sage of bio diesel7 bio mass gas for fuel economy

#arallel operation of smaller systems instead of a one big 4(


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Energy Conservation in Fans and

Blowers (enerate a pressure to move the air for ventilating purpose )an leaves transfer energy from rotating shaft to air which causes air

movement


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Energy Saving Measres educe e*cess air in combustion system

Minimise lea6age in flue gas path as well as ac ducts

2sage of high efficiency design of fan

ariable speed motor for different ventilation needs

Energy efficient flat belt instead of v belt system Minimise duct resistance and reduce pressure drops

2sing inlet guide vanes

Maintain and clean the system regularly


8/15

Energy Conservation in

Air Conditioning System 9C system transfers heat energy from one system to other

E*ternal energy is used for transferring heat from lower temp

system to higher temp system

:wo types $ apour Compression .C1 and apour 9bsorption

.91 System

C uses mechanical energy as the driving force

9 uses thermal energy as the driving force


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!apor Compression "efrigeration #!C"$ ,ow pressure li!uid refrigerant in the

evaporator absorbs heat

Changes from li!uid to vapour state

Compressor increase the vapour

pressure thus increase in temperature igh pressure vapour gives away heat

in condenser and cools to li!uid state

E*pansion valve further reduce the

pressure of li!uid and fed to evaporator


10/15

!apor A%sorption "efrigeration #!C"$

Compressor and e*pansion valve is replace by absorber and generator 2tili;es affinity of some li!uids to absorbs large amount of gases causing

large reduction in pressure . water to


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Energy Saving in "efrigeration System 2se sufficient thic6ness of insulation on coolant pipelines educe area for air-conditioning by using false ceiling and segregation

Minimise eal loads by using efficient lighting= pre cooling of air etc+

educe heat loss from processes using heat insulation= utilising higher

efficiency process steps etc+ Ensure regular maintenance

Ensure ade!uate coolant and cooling water flows and close the valve

of idle e!uipment+

Minimise part load conditions


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Performance Terms Tons of refrigeration (TR) : Amount of cooling obtained

by cooling of 1 ton of ice : 0'&/ 6Cal7h= >&=''' ?tu7h or

0+5>@ thermal 6

kW/ton : power input to compressor motor divided by tons

of cooling produced" measure of efficiency

oefficient of !erformance ("!)$ Chiller efficiency

measured in ?tu output .cooling1 divided by ?tu input

.electric power1+ ?tu $ ?ritish :hermal 2nit A >'55 Boules

#nergy #fficiency Ratio (##R)$ a chillers cooling capacity

.in ?tu7h1 divided by its power input .in watts1 at full-load

conditions" for smaller si;e units


13/15

&ighting System Installation of energy efficient fluorescent lamps in place of

DConventional fluorescent lamps .0@ instead of /'1

Installation of C), instead of IC,

Installation of igh #ressure Sodium apour .#S1 lamps for

applications where colour rendering is not critical+

Installation of ,E4 panel indicators and ,E4 lighting installation

Fptimum usage of daylight

Installation of separate transformer for lighting for better voltage

regulation

Installation of ) ?allast instead of conventional cho6es


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Energy efficient 'ransformer

No load loss

Extra loss

Resisitive loss

Conventional loadloss excl harmonics

Extra loss due toharmonics

Unloaded Rated load Actual load Actual load (excl harmonics) (incl harmonics)

Load loss


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&ow loss Iron Evoltion$#AR

(a%%rox&)

"R# 'AT#RA TH*+#,,

(mm)

#!,T#+ -A.#

(W/kg at 0H)

T$!#

123 ron 4ire 5 (1&0T)

1310 Warm rolled 6e,i 0&7 8 (1&T)

130 old rolled 9" 0&7 1 (1&T) '5x1350 old rolled 9" 0&7 0&3 (1&T) 'x

135 old rolled 9" 0&8: 0&2; (1&T) ';x

13:0 old rolled Hi< 0&7 0&2 (1&T) '0H

13: Amor%hous metal 0&07 0&8 (1&7T)

1320 old rolled 9"

old rolled Hi<

0&87

0&87

0&: (1&T)

0&:0 (1&T)

'7x

'0H1327 aser treated Hi< 0&87 0&5 (1&T) =>*H

132 old rolled 9" 0&12 0&5: (1&T) '8x

132: !lasma treated Hi< 0&87 0&5 (1&T) !lasma !?

1331 hemtched Hi< 0&87 0&5 (1&T) !>R

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Energy Efficiency in Equipments

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