Env Study Report 1.1

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NATIONAL HIGHWAY AUTHORITYMINISTRY OF COMMUNICATIONSGOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN

CONTRACT FOR CONSULTANCY SERVICES OFDETAILED DESIGN, TENDER ASSISTANCE AND

CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION OF RAKHIGAJJ-BEWATA33.84 KM (SECTION N-70) OF EAST WEST ROAD

IMPROVEMENT PROJECT

ENVIRONMENT STUDY REPORT

September 2011

CTII-OC-EA-EE JOINT VENTURE

CTI Engineering OrientalInternational Co., Ltd. ConsultantsCo., Ltd.

ORICONSUL

EA Consulting ExponentPvt. Ltd. Engineers (Pvt.)Ltd.


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Environment Study Repot Rakhi Gaj-Bewata Section

Table of Contents

1. Introduction ......................................................... 11.1. Introduction ............................................................... 1

1.2. Review of EIA Study .................................................... 1

1.3. Preparation of Environmental Study Report ................. 2

2. Project Description .............................................. 4

2.1. The Project Road ........................................................ 4

2.2. Typical Cross Sections ................................................ 4

2.3. Major Work Items of the Project .................................. 6

2.4. Land Acquisition and Affected Structures .................... 6

3. Review of EIA ........................................................ 9

3.1. Introduction ............................................................... 9

3.2. Field Condition ........................................................... 9

3.3. Review of EIA Study ................................................... 9

3.3.1 Review of Project Baseline Conditions................................9

3.3.2 Physical Environment.......................................................10

3.3.3 Biological Resources.........................................................12

3.3.4 Socio-Cultural Environment..............................................12

3.4. Review of Impacts and Mitigation Measures .............. 12

3.3.5 Land Acquisition and Clearing..........................................12

3.3.6 Flora..................................................................................13

3.3.7 Fauna................................................................................13

3.3.8 Disturbance in the routine traffic movement....................133.3.9 Air quality.........................................................................13

3.3.10 Geology and Soil.............................................................13

3.3.11 Slope stabilization...........................................................14

3.3.12 Surface and ground water..............................................15

3.3.13 Drainage.........................................................................15

3.3.14 Health and safety of workers..........................................15

3.3.15 Solid waste disposal ......................................................16

3.3.16 Socio cultural issues.......................................................16

3.3.17 Employment Opportunities.............................................16

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3.5. Review of JICA Guidelines .......................................... 16

3.5.1 JICA Guidelines for Environmental and SocialConsiderations...............................................................16

3.5.2 Environmental Screening..................................................17

3.5.3 Status of compliance .......................................................17

3.6. Conclusion ................................................................ 18

4. Resettlement/ Land Acquisition Framework .......... 20

4.1. Outline of the Resettlement/ Land AcquisitionFramework .............................................................. 20

4.2. Objectives of the RP ................................................. 20

4.3. Implementation ........................................................ 20

4.4. Legislation to be consulted during Land Acquisitionprocess .................................................................... 21

4.5. Role of NHA .............................................................. 21

4.6. Scope of Resettlement/Land Acquisition Action Plan . . 22

5. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan . 23

5.1. Introduction ............................................................. 23

5.2. Objectives of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) 23

5.3. Key Environmental and Social Components ................ 23

5.4. Role of Functionaries ............................................... 24

5.4.1 NHA (project implementing authority)..............................24

1) The GM Punjab......................................................................24

2) Deputy Director Environment, Social and Land.....................24

3) Project Director Environment................................................25

4) Project Coordinator................................................................25

5) National Highway Motorway Police (NHMP)...........................25

5.4.2 Supervision Consultant.....................................................26

5.4.3 Contractor.........................................................................26

5.5. Environmental Monitoring ......................................... 26

5.5.1 Objectives.........................................................................27

5.5.2 Monitoring Parameters.....................................................27

5.5.3 Reporting Structure and Outcomes..................................28

5.6. Environmental Management Plan .............................. 28

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Appendices:

Appendix 1: Project Site Views . 41Appendix 2: JICA Screening Format .. 44Appendix 3: Checklist for Road sector .. 48

List of Table

Table 2-1: Summary of Typical Cross-section.............6

Table 2-2: Quantity of Major Work Items....................6

Table 2-3: Required Land Acquisition.........................7

Table 2-4: Affected Buildings and Utilities.................7Table 2-5: Properties to be compensated...................7

Table 3-6: Climate Data for Multan..........................11

Table 5-7: Proposed Mitigation Measures.................29

List of Figures

Figure 2-1: Typical Cross-sections.............................5

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Environment Study Report Rakhi Gaj-Bewata Section

1. Introduction

1.1. IntroductionNational Highway Authority (NHA) plans to widen and re-strengthen the part of N-70 fromRakhi Gaajto Bewata under the project CONTRACT FOR CONSULTANCY SERVICES OFDETAILED DESIGN, TENDER ASSISTANCE AND CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION OFRAKHIGAJJ-BEWATA 33.84 KM (SECTION N-70) OF EAST WEST ROAD IMPROVEMENT

PROJECT. As per Government of Pakistan legal requirements, an Environmental ImpactAssessment (EIA) has been carried out for this project. The EIA study was conducted in2005/2006 by NESPAK as consultant to NHA.

The decision of EPA Punjab on the EIA study (approval of EIA) was communicated to NHAvide letter No. 1925/F-782/2003/EIA dated March 2007 for implementation of the project in

next three years. As no significant changes occurred in the project planning and design nor inthe baseline conditions of the project area, therefore, the approval supposed to be extended byEPD Punjab till March 2013.

The proposed project site, as shown in Figure 1.1, starts after the Rakhi ghaaj check post (onmain Dera Ghazi Khan Road) up to the Bewata (located on border of Punjab andBaluchistan). Its about 35 Km road section on N-70.

The prime objective of the project is to facilitate the movement of the people and goods in thearea and in different parts of the country by improving inter-provincial road access andenhancement in the efficiency of the existing road network. After the up-gradation of theexisting road the economic and commercial activities will promote as it will provide shortest

possible route.

1.2. Review of EIA Study

In March 2006 the Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO) prepared a feasibility studyon Widening and Strengthening of National Highway N-7 (D.G. Kahn Bewata) in IslamicRepublic of Pakistan. The objective was to carry out a study focusing on the improvement ofthe mountain route section of around 34 km of N-70 highway (from Rakhi Gaaj to Bewata),

being the most problematic section in the entire stretch of highway, to assure safety andsmooth flow of traffic with high credibility of transportation along the highway. The JETROstudy identified the project eligible for loan based on the Special Terms for Economic

Partnership (STEP). For realization of the project, NHA was required to conduct the EIAalong with the PC-I of the project.

The EIA report was prepared in August 2006 and submitted to EPA Punjab (provincial EPA)for review and approval in compliance with the requirement of Section 12 of PakistanEnvironmental Protection Act of 1997. Based on the project activities, the Pak EPA Reviewof EIA/IEE Regulation 2000 placed the project under Schedule-II, requiring submission ofdetail EIA document. The public hearing (stakeholders consultation process required forreview of EIA reports under the law) was held on 13th January, 2007. The study wasapproved for the operational phase of the project by Environment Protection Department,Government of Punjab on 28 March, 2007.

While preparing the EIA study public consultations were held in compliance with theGuidelines for Public Consultation mentioned in the Pak-EPA Environmental Assessment

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Guidelines Package 1997. The stakeholders identified include local residents, shop/hotelowners, motorized and un-non-motorized transport users, and mosques. A series of scopingsessions and informal group discussions were carried out with local community and localgovernment representatives. The objective of the scoping sessions was to; a) shareinformation on the proposed improvement work and its expected impacts on the local

environmental and social conditions, and b) understand the concerns of the stakeholdersregarding various aspects of the projects so that he same may be redress in the project designas well as construction and operations phases. By and large, the stakeholders appreciated the

project and expected improvement of their livelihood by its implementation.

1.3. Preparation of Environmental Study Report

This Environment Study Report has been prepared in compliance with the requirementsassigned to the Consultants. During preparation of this report the Environmental ImpactAssessment (EIA) of the project and the terms and conditions of the approval issued by theEPA Punjab have been reviewed thoroughly. The project site, Rakhi Gaaj Bewata Sectionof N-70 in East West Road Improvement Project (Pk-P57), have been visited to observeand verify environmental aspects mentioned in the EIA report. In Chapter 3 of a review of theEIA has been done to identify the significant environmental aspects of the project activitiesand the proposed measures for their mitigation.

The structures, utilities and land affected during the project are also identified in the report.The environmental guidelines and policies of JICA (former JBIC) were also reviewed during

preparation of the report. An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been developedfor both, the construction and operation, stages of the project to ensure compliance ofenvironmental obligations and conditions identified under the EIA report and JICAguidelines. Requirement for monitoring during various stages of the project by the NHA,Contractor(s) and Supervision Consultants have been identified. Institutional structure for

implementation of EMP has also been mentioned.

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Figure11:ProjectRoadMap


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2. Project Description

2.1. The Project RoadThe beginning point is located at Rakhi Gajj Check Post, and the ending point is at BewataCheck Post. Total length of the project road is of 32,167 m. The project road is planned tohave eleven (11) locations of river crossing bridges and twenty eight (28) locations of boxculverts for cross drainage.

2.2. Typical Cross Sections

Typical cross sections as shown in Figure 2.1 were established based on concept mentionedbelow. Table 2.1 shows summary of typical cross sections.

The traveled way is kept 7.3 m wide, and the paved shoulder is also kept 1.0 m on

both sides of the traveled way in a whole stretch.

The stabilized shoulder of 2.0m is provided in the embanked section but neither in thebridge section nor in the retaining wall section.

The space for pedestrian on the bridge and retaining wall section is kept 1.0 m wideon the paved shoulder.

The rock-fall protection wall with rock-fall storage is installed at identified hazardoussection.

TYPICAL CROSS SECTION TYPE-1 EARTH WORK SECTION

TYPICAL CROSS SECTION TYPE -2 MASONRY WALL SECTION

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TYPICAL CROSS SECTION TYPE-3

REINFORCED EARTH SECTION

TYPICAL CROSS SECTION TYPE-4

PRE-FABRICATED STEEL WIDENING

SECTION

TYPICAL CROSS SECTION TYPE -5 BRIDGE SECTION

Figure 2-1: Typical Cross-sections

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Table 2-1: Summary of Typical Cross-section

Type of Cross Section Unit Section Total

1 2-1 2-2 2-3 3

Type-1 Earthwork lm 3,833 1,165 2,313 3,239 8,879 19,429

Type-2 Masonry Wall lm 806 871 780 38 89 2,584

Type-3 Reinforced Earth lm 1,644 2,197 2,561 23 803 7,228

Type-4 Pre-Fabricated SteelWidening

lm 982 381 1,363

Type-5 Bridge (Concrete &Steel)

lm 335 829 319 1,563

Total lm 7,600 5,443 5,973 3,300 9,851 32,167

2.3. Major Work Items of the Project

The major work items of the project are summarized in Table below.

Table 2-2: Quantity of Major Work Items

Major work Items Units Quantity Remarks

1 Pre-fabricated steel widening lm 1,362 15-locations

2 Steel box girder bridge lm 825 8-locations

3 PC girder bridge lm 642 10-locations

4 Asphalt pavement sq-m 299,000

5 Reinforced earth sq-m 40,800

6 Rock excavation cu-m 30,000

7 Common excavation cu-m 575,000

8 Slope protection & stabilization sq-m 82,000

9 Box culvert each 28

PC bridges are applied to river crossing with straight or gently curved alignment

Steel Box girder bridges are applied to sharp curved section on steep down slope

Pre-fabricated steel widening (former Land Bridge) is applied for widening ofexisting road on steep slope.

2.4. Land Acquisition and Affected Structures

The existing road has the Right-of-Way (ROW) of 13.2 m (44ft) in a whole stretch. If widerland acquisition is planned, bigger property compensation is required. Accordingly, the land

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acquisition plan that shows minimum border line of improved road is prepared based on thedetailed design. Land acquisition will be required tentatively at the sections shown below inTable 2.3 before tendering the project

Table 2-3: Required Land Acquisition

Grounds for Land Acquisition No. of Location Area(sq.m)

Remarks

Deep cut section 70 11,854 Mountain

High embankment section 69 50,871 Valley

Cultivated area 10 18,790

Commercial Area 5 2,279

Housing Area 15 6,240

Open Lot 3 4,047

Intersection at Khar

(between N70 and Road to FortMunro)

2 426

Community Center and O & M center 1 5,382 (Cultivated Area)

Landslide section 1 16,092

New alignment section 55 213,394

Total Land Acquisition 436,062

Area of Landslide section mentioned above table shall be finalized during construction stage.

The prevention measure for land slide which was proposed by the Consultants will beconfirmed based on detail measurement during construction.

Affected properties such as structures and utilities within land acquisition plan will becompensated. Affected structures and utilities are mentioned in Table 2.4 below.

Table 2-4: Affected Buildings and Utilities

Structure Type No. Structure Type No.

Buildings (Hut and Shop) 3 Water pipe line 34 (2923m)

Mosque 0 Optical fiber cable (To be confirmed)

Electric and telephone post 27

As for the Optical Fiber Cable (OFC), discussion shall be required with PTCL to determinewhether relocation or protection will be applied.

NHA and local authority shall accomplish land acquisition, property compensation andrelocation of affected utilities before tendering the project. Properties to be compensated arementioned in Table 2.5.

Table 2-5: Properties to be compensated

Property Type No. of Lot Area (m2) Remarks

Cultivated area 10 24,172 Including O& M Center

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Commercial Area 5 2,279

Housing Area 15 6,240

Open Lot 3 4,047

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3. Review of EIA

3.1. Introduction

National Highway Authority carried out Environmental Impact Assessment study for N-70Rakhi Gaj-Bewata Section, located near Fort Manro-District Dera Ghazi Khan, in August2006, according to Government of Pakistan legal requirements IEE/EIA regulations 2000.Environment Protection Department, Government of Punjab approved the EIA on 28 th March,2007, and made its decision for its operational phase.

During definitive plan formulation which is a part of CONTRACT FOR CONSULTANCYSERVICES OF DETAILED DESIGN, TENDER ASSISTANCE AND CONSTRUCTIONSUPERVISION OF RAKHIGAJJ-BEWATA 33.84 KM (SECTION N-70) OF EAST WEST

ROAD IMPROVEMENT PROJECT, further detailed information such as excavation area, ,type of structure and required land acquisition were identified.

Based on the above information, review of the EIA should be carried out to confirm nosignificant change had been made compare to the basic condition of the EIA.

3.2. Field Condition

A field visit, in March 2011, was carried out again by the Consultants to confirm currentcondition of the Project site and to review the EIA.

The existing road is highly deteriorated at some sections. It is problematic due to its rocky

terrain, has many sharp cuts, road is also broken at several places, stones and mud were foundfallen at some spots due to improper erosion/land sliding control measures. This deteriorationis mainly due to poor maintenance rendering it inadequate to accommodate the heavy traffic.The present road geometry is very dangerous due to narrow, sharp turns and steep gradientsand thus demands improvement. After the up gradation of the existing road, the dangeroussharp curves will be removed and it will facilitate the travelling and lessen the time span.

At several locations there are shops, hotels, agriculture fields, community infrastructure,houses, mosques and water pipeline network. Some of them come under the new proposedalignment. The vegetation present in the Project area is very scarce and comprise ofSheesham, Kikar, Berri and Phulai. On agriculture fields mostly wheat is grown.

3.3. Review of EIA Study

3.3.1 Review of Project Baseline Conditions

Dera Ghazi Khan is located at 30'03" N and 70'38. Dera Ghazi Khan is adistrict inthe Punjab province ofPakistan. The district covers an area of 5,306 m and it is a longnarrow strip of country, 198 m. in length, sloping gradually from the hills which form itswestern boundary to the riverIndus on the east. Below the hills the country is high andarid,generally level, but sometimes rolling in sandy undulations and much intersected by hilltorrents, 201 in number. With the exceptions of two, these streams dry up after the rains, and

their influence is only felt for a few miles below the hills.

The eastern portion of the district is at a level sufficiently low to benefit by the floods of theIndus. A barren tract intervenes between these zones, and is beyond the reach of the hill

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streams on the one hand and of the Indus on the other. Although liable to great extremes oftemperature, and to a very scanty rainfall, the district is not unhealthy.

The Suleman Mountains rise to a height of 10,000 feet (3,000 m) in the north of the district.

3.3.2 Physical Environment

1) Geology and Soil

The soil of DG Khan is its vicinity is very rich with common stone/ crushed stone (Rorra),marble, limestone and gypsum iron ore/clay for production of cement. Uranium in smallquantity has also been reported. The stretch between DG Khan and Bewata weretopographically divided in to tree sections; Plain area (spread as flood plain covered with siltand sands without rocks along the west bank of Indus River), Flat/rolling area (semi-desertwith few bushes, and consist of fan deposits from the Suleman Range), Mountainous area(target study road of around 34 km runs through the mountainous area, which is part ofSuleman Range, formed of mainly barren rocks). The mountain consists of tertiary

sedimentary rocks such as sandstone, shale and thin limestone.

In the mountainous section, due to land sliding and improper maintenance road sides areeroded and mostly it blocks the roads due to rock fall.

2) Land use

At several locations there are shops/ hotels, agriculture fields, community infrastructure,houses, mosques and water pipeline network. Some of them come under the new proposedalignment. The vegetation present in the Project area comprise of Sheesham, Kikar, Berri andPhulai. On agriculture fields mostly wheat is grown.

The Table 2.1 (in chapter 2) shows areas/land along with their Station Number that will come

in the right of way (RoW) of the proposed alignment and needs land acquisition either forcutting or filling. The total land acquisition requires 257,804 m2.

About 18 structures (including shops, hotels, mosque, building, hut, cabin etc), havingaccumulated area of 1585 m2, will also come in the RoW of proposed alignment. Table 2.2(in chapter 2) gives the details of such buildings with the station number and area of each

building. About 18 electric poles also come within construction limits. Table 2.4 (in chapter2) shows location of these electric poles.

3) Climate

Project area lies in semi-arid, sub-tropical climate zone with distinct summer and winter

seasons. Summer is extremely hot and covers a longer period of the year as compared towinter. The temperature during summer is usually about 115 F (46 C). While during winterseason the mercury goes down as far as 40 F (4 C). Due to barren mountain of Koh-Suleman and sandy soil of the area, windstorms are very common in summer seasonespecially in JulyAugust Period. Fort Munro, located on edge of Punjab Province, in Dist.Dera Ghazi Khan holds relatively cooler weather. In winter, scattered snowfall is alsoreported in this area.

Torrential runoff during rainy season cause massive soil erosion and further deteriorates theroad condition.

Following table shows climate data for Multan (nearest PMD station) for the year 2010.

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Table 3-6: Climate Data for Multan.

Month

Mean Temperature oC

Mean Total Rainfall (mm)DailyMinimum

DailyMaximum

Jan 4.5 21.0 7.2Feb 7.6 23.2 9.5Mar 13.5 28.5 19.5Apr 19.5 35.5 12.9May 24.4 40.4 9.8Jun 28.6 42.3 12.3Jul 28.7 39.2 61.3Aug 28.0 38.0 32.6Sep 24.9 37.2 10.8Oct 18.2 34.6 1.7Nov 10.9 28.5 2.3Dec 5.5 22.7 6.9

Source: World Meteorological Organization, 2010.

4) Water sources

Project area is semi-arid and surface water is scarce. Permanent water sources are groundwater and spring water they are fresh and suitable for drinking. In and around project area

people dig ponds for water storage before rainy season, and later on use those water fordomestic purpose.

From Rakhi Gajj upto Suleman Mountains (in the Project area) a seasonal stream flows alongthe river. In hilly areas like Fort Manro, water is brought from Rakhni and Khar areas. Water

supply system in Project area starts from Sakhi Sarwar onwards towards D G Khan. Due tothe hilly terrain, water supply lines cross the winding roads at several locations.

Due to proposed alignment, the affected utilities within the construction limit the watersupply pipes are at seven different locations having total length of 187 m. Table 2.3 (inchapter 2) shows details of affected water pipes, their length and station number.

According to water supply test report (2006) major water parameters are within limits exceptSulphate, Magnesium, and iron which are above the permissible limit. However, the groundwater test report shows all parameters were within WHO standards. Bacterial quality testingfor supply water and ground shows presence of total colony count, total coliforms, and faecalcoliform; they are also reported in ground water, and hence water is unsuitable for drinking

purpose.

5) Air quality

Air quality in project area is generally good as there is no industrial activity in the area.However, dust and suspended particulate matter is present due to heavy vehicles movementon the on dry soil road.

6) Noise levels

Bad pavement condition causing high level of noise and vibration affects, however, there aresmall number of residential houses located along the road. Mostly project area is quite ascommunity is sparsely scattered and there is no major business or commercial area along theroad.

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7) Minerals and /Rocks

Project area is hilly terrain. Rocks found in Project area and its vicinity is common stone/crush, limestone, gypsum, iron ore and clay, small percentage of uranium and common salt.

3.3.3 Biological ResourcesThe project road runs in rocky mountain area where shrub and indigenous species in thesemi-arid area are scattered. The vegetation present in the Project area comprise ofSheesham, Kikar, Berri and Phulai. Maskeet, Sanatha, Mazri, Cheerh are also found theProject area. Some fruit tress like Mango, Jaman and Khoobani are also found in FortMunroe hills. On agriculture fields wheat is usually grown.

There is no protected area in the vicinity of Project area. The fauna present in the project areacomprises of both local and migratory species (Hubara Buster, Green Pigeon, Dove, Saras,Batair, and Sparrows) along with some reptiles (Gao, Uromastic, Wiper and Grey Cobra).

3.3.4 Socio-Cultural Environment

People in the project area lead a nomadic life. They have kucha huts, scattered all over, inplain areas people have made houses of mud with wooden roofs. The average landholdings inthose settlements are small and the agriculture mainly depends on rainfall. Caste systemamong various ethnic groups is very strong. Population of the district is mostly Muslims,Ahmadi have very small population, followed by Christians and Hindus.

The inhabitants of the district are mainly Baloch, Khosa and Leghari tribes dominate in thearea. Siraiki is major language spoken in the area.

Cultivation and livestock breeding are the main means of livelihood of rural and urban

population. Major hospitals and educations institutes are present in the urban areas.

A number of mosques and grave yards are present in the Project area. About 18 structures(including 2 mosques), having accumulated area of 1585 m2, will also come in the right ofway (RoW) of proposed alignment. Table 2.2 (chapter 2) gives the details of such buildingswith the station number and area of each building. Fort Manro is a famous recreational resortin the D G Khan district. It is located at 4 km from Khar town, in the Project area, at N-70and is also a hill station (during summers as climate of this place remains cool).

3.4. Review of Impacts and Mitigation Measures

JICA checklist of items was used, as applicable, for identification and mitigation measures(provided in Annexure 1). Following are the major impacts of the proposed project in Projectarea;

3.3.5 Land Acquisition and Clearing

Land acquisition and relocation of shops, mosques, hotels, hut etc at Khar and Bewata areone of the major issues during preconstruction or design phase.

Mitigation Measures

Land acquisition and resettlement, will be required on this project. It can be done in the form

of land/monetary compensation to the project affected peoples before the commencement ofthe Project activities, so that no further issue arise during construction phase.

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3.3.6 Flora

Flora of the area will be disturbed by cutting of trees coming in the construction limits.

Mitigation Measures

Project area has sparsely scattered vegetation. Any tree cutting could be supplemented by re-plantation and vegetation along the road especially within the project vicinity to improve theaesthetics along with reducing air pollution etc.

Tree cutting for using as fuel wood should be prohibited during construction phase, and thelabours/workers should be provided with gas cylinders.

3.3.7 Fauna

With the construction activities/ and use of heavy machinery and tree cutting the wild animalswill be disturbed and leave the area for safe shelter. Illegal hunting by the projectworkers/labours also threatens the birds.

Mitigation Measures

Hunting and poaching should be banned in the labour camps and no one will be allowed tocut a single tree for fuel wood purposes. With the tree plantation in the project area theanimals will return back to their original sites especially the birds.

3.3.8 Disturbance in the routine traffic movement

Routine traffic movement will be disturbed during construction phase, and will makeobstacles for the passenger especially patients travelling on this road.

Mitigation Measures

Proper alternate traffic management plan should be provided during the construction phase sothat routine traffic is not disturbed. Use of proper signage/sign boards should be ensured thiswill facilitate the traffic.

3.3.9 Air quality

Air quality may be affected by the dust and fugitive emissions from construction machinery,asphalt plants, vehicular traffic, and movement of heavy traffic/trucks used by contractorsduring construction phase. Emission may be carried over long distances depending upon thewind speed and direction, the temperature of the surrounding air and atmospheric stability.

Mitigation Measures

Dust should be controlled by equipping asphalt, hot mix and batching plants with fabricfilters or wet scrubbers to reduce the level of dust emissions. To settle doen emission/dustsurface treating or overlaying diversion tracks with shingle and sprinkling water acrossdiversion tracks should be ensured.

Haul trucks carrying aggregate fill materials are kept covered with tarpaulin to help containconstruction material being transported between sites. NEQS where applicable to gaseousemissions generated by construction vehicles, equipment and machinery be implemented.

3.3.10 Geology and Soil

Soil erosion may occur around roadside and contractors camps as a result unmanaged run-off

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from equipment washing yards. Also, there will be soil run-off resulting from cut and fillareas etc. Possible contamination of soil by oil and chemicals at asphalt plant sites,workshops areas and equipment washing yards may limit future use of lands for agriculture

purposes.

Mitigation Measures

Low embankments will be protected by planting Veltiver grass that can flourish in relativelydry conditions. Specific treatment and restoration activities to avoid soil run-off damage will

be adopted.

Low embankments will be protected by constructing stone pitching or riprap acrossembankments. This practice will also be applied across cross drainage structures whereembankments are more susceptible to erosion by water run-off.

Soil contamination by asphalt will be minimized by placing all containers in caissons. Inaddition these caissons will be checked periodically for any leakages.

3.3.11 Slope stabilization

Most pat of the proposed project passes by mountainous area. The construction, excavation,and filling activities will disturb the slope stability and may cause rock fall and debris fall.

Mitigation Measures

For slope stabilization NHA has taken major steps in design phase of proposed project, toensure slope stability. Some of them are as follows:

1. Rock fall protection is adapted to the rockfall hazardous zone of Project identified

during site investigations.2. Five (5) meter of the catchment area width is secured at uphill side as impact space

for the rocks falling from hill top over twenty-four (24) meter.3. Rockfall Protection wall is provided at the road side to prevent the rocks from arriving

at roadway, and to reserve debris from the uphill slope.

a) Rockfall Prevention Measure

Partially over-hanged rock wall is fixed by filling concrete. The surface of objective rockwall is covered with shot concrete to prevent the rock wall from weathering. Rockfall

protection steel net which was produced to withstand the Rockfall impact covers the rockwall.

b) Removal of Lose Rock on the Slope

Loose and unstable rocks will be removed to prevent from falling to the road afterconstruction.

c) Slope Stabilization Work of Cut Slope

Concrete Frame with Earth Anchor is applied as slope stabilization measure to the cut slopeof Section-3, where cut line with stable slope angle affects the buildings, pylon and existing

branch road. Particularly in the end of Section 3 covered by talus layer need to be cut with1V:1.5H for stability.

d) Slope Stabilization Work of Existing Slope

Although no cut is required for road widening, unstable slope covered by talus layer along the

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road side of section 2-2 needs to be stabilized since the existing road is affected by slopefailure during rainy season. The slope stabilization by cutting with stable slope (i.e. 1V:1.5H)is princely adopted. In case the slope line affects other road or buildings, retaining wall issupplementary constructed.

3.3.12 Surface and ground water

Disposal of construction and solid waste can contaminate surface water bodies. In addition,construction waste if left unattended will result in forming leachate which will percolatethough the soil strata and will reach underground water table and hence, will end upcontaminating it, through this process will take a longer time to occur.

In addition some water pipes also come in the proposed project alignment, which will disruptcommunity water supply.

Mitigation Measures

The water supply system needs to be improved and maintained. The ground and surfacewater reserves should be adequately protected from any source of contamination sucha sconstruction and oily waste. Solid waste will be disposed off in designated waste disposalsites to sustain the water quality for domestic requirements.

3.3.13 Drainage

Tunnel provision may hinder the natural water flow from the mluntains. There might bestagnation of storm water if proper drainage arrangements are not made inside the tunnel,which may promote water borne disease and health hazards.

Mitigation Measures

During design phase provision of drainage path for the storm water coming from overheadmountains should be ensured. In addition small sized drains inside the tunnel to carry stormwater to open ground and fields.

3.3.14 Health and safety of workers

Hazards due to road accidents, unhygienic conditions in labour camp and health issues duringconstruction activities might arise.

Mitigation Measures

Use of personal protective equipments should be ensured to avoid any accident. Better trafficmanagement by providing adequate cautionary traffic signs and signals will avoid roadaccidents. Regular monitoring of health issues and precautions should also be ensured.Layout plan for camp site, to be approved by the environmental officer indicating safetymeasures taken by contractor, e.g. firefighting equipment, safe storage of hazardous material,first aid, security, fencing, and contingency measures in case of accidents will be ensured.Obligatory insurance against accidents to work laborers, providing basic medical service andsupplies to workers shall be made possible. Personal protective equipments (PPE) will be

provided to the workers operating in the vicinity of high noise generation machines.Provision of adequate sanitation, washing, cooking, clean drinking water and dormitory

facilities including light up to satisfaction approved by the Environmental officer will also beensured. For clean drinking water filters will be used.

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3.3.15 Solid waste disposal

It will cause health risks to work force and public if not properly managed. It will also attractwild animals which will further aggravate the situation.

Mitigation Measures

Contractor will provide proper waste management plan. Sewage system for such camps willbe properly designed (pit latrines or, as required, septic tanks) to receive all sanitary wastewater. Planning for burning sites in due distance to human settlements, incorporate technicaldesign. Training of work force in the storage and handling of materials and chemicals thatcan potentially cause soil contamination. Solid waste generated during construction and incamp sites will be properly treated and safely disposed odd in demarcated waste disposalsites.

3.3.16 Socio cultural issues

If all the workers/staff members are hired from outside D G Khan it may raise culturalconflicts with residents. Construction activities will cause disturbance to local people routinework. Infrastructure and property coming in the way of proposed project area will also raiseconflicts.

Mitigation Measures

Timely and full public consultation and announcement of mobilizing equipment will helplocals to schedule their routine work accordingly. NHA will establish of formal links withaffected communities so as to now their problems due to construction activities and workers.In this regard they may seek assistance from and cooperation with local NGOs/CBOs.Familiarize outside labourrs on local etiquettes (e.g. chadar and purdah). Aim at obliging the

contractors to employ an agreed ratio (> 75%) local community (unskilled) labour forconstruction works.

3.3.17 Employment Opportunities

Contractor will ensure to employ an agreed ratio (> 75%) local community (unskilled) labourfor construction works. This will develop community confidence and good relations. Projectwill provide employment opportunities directly (by hiring workers in the project) andindirectly (by use of local material and services). The nearby markets and hotels business willalso flourish, and will contribute in the development of local economy.

3.5. Review of JICA Guidelines

3.5.1 JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations

The EIA report and EMP was also assessed against the JICA guidelines for environmentaland social considerations, April 2010 and JBIC Environmental Guidelines for ODA Loans.The objectives of these guidelines are to encourage Project proponents etc. to haveappropriate consideration for the environmental and social impacts, as well as to ensure thatJICAs support for examination of environmental and social considerations are conductedaccordingly.

After the merger of the JICA and JIBC wing of the ODA in 2008 JICA became an

implementing agency of the Japanese ODA to manage three forms of assistancetechnicalcooperation, Loan aid, and Grant aid. Due to this situation, two sets of guidelines wereintegrated based on the characteristics of three schemes. JICA revised its guidelines for

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environmental and social considerations through a consultative process involving allstakeholders. JICA encourages host country governments, including local governments,

borrowers, and project proponents, to implement the appropriate measures for environmentaland social considerations when engaging in cooperation activities. At the same time, JICA

provides support for and examinations of environmental and social considerations in

accordance with the guidelines.

3.5.2 Environmental Screening

Screening means deciding whether proposed projects are likely to have impacts that need to be assessed by conducting environmental and social considerations studies according toproject description and site description. JICA conducts screening by classifying proposedprojects into four categories: A, B, C, and FI.

According to the JICA guidelines for environmental and social considerations the Projectfalls under Category-B since neither it is a sensitive sector project nor it has sensitivecharacteristics or located near sensitive area that is likely to have significant adverse impacts

on the environment and society. Proposed Project will have only site specific impacts whichcan be mitigated by the proper implementation of Environmental Management Plan.

Category B- are those projects if their potential adverse impacts on the environment andsociety are less adverse than those of Category A projects (likely to have significant adverseimpacts on the environment and society, like projects in or near sensitive sectors). Generally,they are site-specific; few if any are irreversible; and in most cases, normal mitigationmeasures can be designed more readily.

The screening of the project has been done according to the Screening Format mentioned atAnnexure-4 of the JICA guidelines (attached as Appendix 2). The Road checklist has also

been reviewed as per the format attached as Appendix 3.

3.5.3 Status of compliance

Following are the details of the EIA report and EMP compliance against JICA guidelines:

JICA guidelines addressed in EIA/EMP JICA/Otherguidelines not applicable ornot addressed in the EIA/EMP

The Environmental Impact Assessment of theproject has been carried out to the nationaland provincial laws and regulations, and the

Punjab Environmental Protection departmenthas issued final approval of the project.

World banks safeguard policies,International standards, treaties;declarations etc are not applicable,

therefore, not addressed in the EIA report.

Environmental and Social survey at the EIAlevel has been carried out.

Environmental Impacts are assessed;alternatives, mitigation measures to avoid,minimize, mitigate, or compensate for

potential negative impacts, as well asmeasures to promote positive impacts areconsidered. Quantitative and qualitative data

analysis is also carried out.

Impacts assessed with regard to Climate change, social institutions, social

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environmental and social includes impacts onhumans and safety, air, water, soil, wasteaccidents, water usage, ecosystems, faunaand flora, migrations of population andinvoluntary resettlement, local economy,

employment and livelihood, utilization ofland, local resources, existing socialinfrastructure and services, gender, culturalheritage, infectious diseases, and workingconditions including occupational safety.

capital and local decision makinginstitutions, vulnerable social groups, suchas poor and indigenous peoples, are notapplicable on this project because of thesmall scale.

The project will facilitate the people indecreasing the distance an time. The

project in itself does not include largeemissions for a longer time; however theair pollution due to machinery used isaddressed in the EMP.

The project will benefit all the people whoare using this road including poor,vulnerable or indigenous people, thereforethey are not considered separately.

The projects information is disclosed duringthe public consultation and public hearing,includes environmental and socialconsiderations.

Project proponents consult with localstakeholders in order to take intoconsideration the environmental and socialfactors in a way that is most suitable to localsituations, and in order to reach anappropriate consensus.

Different alternatives for the Projectincluding with and without project are alsoconsidered.

Since significant disturbance to local population and any relocation is notencountered/envisaged therefore

preparation of details Resettlement ActionPlan may not be required. Only some landacquisition is foreseen.

Monitoring Plan is provided in the EMP.

3.6. Conclusion

The proposed project focuses on improvement of the existing road alignment and includesconstruction of bridges and culverts. An environmental assessment study has been carried outto review the relevant area attributes and to identify the expected impacts of the projectactivities on environment and social setup. Appropriate mitigation measures have beenidentified to redress the impacts during the design as well as construction phases. Necessaryapproval from EPA Punjab has been acquired in compliance with the national environmental

legislative requirements. The environmental management plan (EMP) of the project has beendeveloped to ensure compliance with the JICA guidelines and conditions of EIA approval. Ithas been further concluded that proposed project needs land acquisition along the existing

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road, for which resettlement plan/ land acquisition plan will be developed in detail after thesurvey and public disclosure in the Project area. Relevant stakeholders will also be notifiedduring the process. All this process will be implemented well before the commencement ofthe construction activities.

Proper steps have been taken in the design phase to address negative impacts and to complywith the requirements applicable under the JICA guidelines and national environmentallegislation, therefore, overall this project is beneficial for the development.

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4. Resettlement/ Land Acquisition Framework

4.1. Outline of the Resettlement/ Land Acquisition FrameworkLand acquisition process deals with the acquisition of the land for permanent and temporary

purposes. The permanent land shall become the property of the Project for the wholeconcession period. The temporary land is required only for the construction period and shall

be returned to the owners once the project goes in to the operation phase.

The area to be acquired for the N-70 is hilly, cultivated and uncultivated agricultural land.The project design requires acquisition of certain number of houses for permanent purposes.After negotiations between NHA, land owners, and community elders, land will be acquiredfor the project and all affectees will be paid land compensation. Therefore, a ResettlementPlan (RP) is required to carry out resettlement process in line with the NHA

Regulations/JICA Policy for the economic losses of affected persons caused by the proposeddevelopment project.

The aggregated detail of the houses and land required for permanent and temporary purposes,the inhabitants (owners and their family members) associated with such land to be used oracquired for N-70 Project should be made in the Resettlement Plan by NHA.

4.2. Objectives of the RP

Main objectives of the Resettlement Plan are as follows:

Identification of affected persons

Preparation of Socio economic profile of affected persons / families

Inventory of economic assets to be acquired / lost and

Preparation of compensation / entitlement matrix.

Thus the main focus of plan is to set out strategies to mitigate adverse effects and to maintain

living standards of those affected by dislocation effects.

4.3. Implementation

The implementation of Resettlement Plan must be completed prior to start the civil works.

NHA will be responsible for the implementation of RP. The affected persons will be paid due

compensation for their lost assets at least two months prior to demolishing and removal all

salvageable material.

NHA will provide adequate advance notification to demolish and removal of the affected

persons and will pay their due compensation. All activities related to RP will be completed

prior to the award of contract for the civil works.

Following section highlights major components of the Resettlement/ Land acquisition

framework:

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1. Survey

2. Public Participation and Disclosure (in national or local languages)

3. Land to be market out, measured and planned

4. Land Acquisition Process

5. Notification under LAA Section

6. Notice to persons interested

7. Inventory preparation

a. Inventory of Community Structures

b. Inventory of Government Structures

c. Inventory of Structure of Affected Families

8. Assets Valuation

9. Compensation Entitlements

a. Agricultural land

b. Residential land

c. Crops/Trees

d. Houses and wells

e. Government structure

10.Compensation Assessment (Revised)

11.Payment of Compensation

12.Grievance Redress

13. Possession of Land/ Assets for Project Works

14. Start of Preliminary Works

4.4. Legislation to be consulted during Land Acquisition process

The provisions laid down in Pakistan Constitution-Protection of Property Rights (Article 23,

24), Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997, , Land Acquisition Act (LAA) 1894-

especially the sections 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 16, 18, 23, 28, 3, Draft Resettlement Ordinance

(2002) should be followed/consulted during the Land Acquisition process.

4.5. Role of NHA NHA will keep record of all the grievance and maintenance rather improvement of

environmental conditions of the area and uplift of socio-economic conditions of the affected

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peoples (APs) in particular and residents of and around the project area in general. NHA

will be responsible for the all kind of compensation to the project affected peoples. They will

supervise and monitor the resettlement plan and inventory of APs.

NHA will collect and share record of all the grievance and maintenance of APs before

implementation of the proposed Project. They will also make an inventory of the affected people and a detailed resettlement/ land acquisition plan for the project. During the

implementation of resettlement/land acquisition plan it is to ensure that members of the

affected households, including if any, women, children, elderly, handicapped, have no

grievances.

4.6. Scope of Resettlement/Land Acquisition Action Plan

The scope of land acquisition and resettlement was defined by conducting field survey,

however a detailed collection of primary and secondary data as well as through consultations

with affected persons and communities in the villages of the project area is required. Thesurvey was conducted for the proposed project. The land areas to be acquired for the project

are highlighted in chapter 2.

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5. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan

5.1. IntroductionThis section provides an approach for managing and monitoring environmental issues and

describes the institutional framework and resource allocations proposed to the National

Highway Authority (NHA) for the project. As the primary national authority on roads, that

has been assigned the task to carry out the Project. NHA is responsible for ensuring that the

Project complies with the laws and regulations controlling the environmental concerns of

highway construction and operation and that all pre-construction requisites such as permits

and clearances are met.

5.2. Objectives of Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

The EMP will help the NHA and the contractor to address the foreseen adverse

environmental impacts of the project, enhance the project overall benefits and introduce

standards of good environmental practice. The primary objectives of the EMP are to:

Define the role and responsibilities of project proponents, super vision consultant, andcontractor(s) in accordance with the three project phases (design, construction andoperation),

Facilitate the implementation of the mitigation measures by providing the technicaldetails of each project impact and proposing and implementation schedule,

Define a monitoring mechanism and identify monitoring parameters to ensure that allproposed mitigation measures are completely and effectively implemented,

Identify training requirements at various levels and provide a plan for implantation,

Identify the resource required to implement the EMP relevant financial arrangements;and

Providing a cost estimate for all proposed EMP actions.

5.3. Key Environmental and Social Components

The key environmental and social issues associated with this part of the project are as

follows:

Resettling/relocating structures presently exiting within the proposed constructionlimit of the project right of way;

Appropriately locating temporary construction camps, asphalt plants and wastedisposal sites and the environmental aspects and proposed mitigation measures ofoperating these facilities;

Regulating the procurement of the borrow material and top soil erosion duringconstruction;

Avoiding the obstruction of highway drainage system during construction andoperation;

Minimizing the impacts and relocating cultural sites or structures and community-owned assets during construction and operation;

Ensuring pedestrian and traffic safety during construction and operation; and

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Compensation to the owners of the agriculture fields coming in the new proposedalignment.

5.4. Role of Functionaries

Following section explains the roles and responsibilities of personals involved in EMPimplementation.

5.4.1 NHA (project implementing authority)

1) The GM Punjab

The GM Punjab and his staff are responsible for ensuring that the project design and

specifications adequately reflect the EMP and the Resettlement Policy Framework (if

required). The responsibilities of the GM Punjab and his supportive staff are as follows:

Setting up systems for environmental management.

Ensuring that the contractors comply with the EMP, they perform their dutiesaccording to contractual obligations and especially manage the construction waste inan adequate manner to avoid any unattended waste on-site.

Supervising environmental and social assessments and providing preparingengineering design and tender documents; making sure that an adequaterepresentation of the stake holders has been considered and the concerns areadequately addressed.

Developing the Resettlement Policy Framework (PRF), if needed, and conductingsurveys to determine resettlement requirements, if any.

The implementation of works will also be managed by NHAs General ManagerPunjab assisted by a project coordinator. The GM will also be assisted by a DeputyDirector Environment, Social and Land.

2) Deputy Director Environment, Social and Land

The DD Environment will ensure the projects compliance with environmentally sound

project design and implementation. The Deputy Director Environment, Social and Land will

supervise NHAs resettlement officer and ensure that the following activities are carried out

transparently and according to acceptable standards:

Identifying and verifying project affected persons (PAPs);

Identifying which public facilities and utilities need to be relocated and to whichextent.

Identifying alternative resettlement sites for PAPs outside the Row; In this regard, itwould be made sure that the new allocated places/resettlement site (s) are feasible forthe resettlement so that they do not have to travel too far to earn their livelihood.

Carrying out a consultation and dissemination campaigns with regards tocompensation procedures, entitlement packages and proposed alternative resettlementsites.

Preparing individual entitlement files.

Ensuring that affectees of the project are adequately compensated.

Preparing and approving compensation budgets. These budgets would be reasonable

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to accommodate the losses of the affected people.

Ensuring that an adequate notice period is given to Project Affected Peoples beforeshifting and,

Providing shifting assistance to displaced people and to assist them to salvage theirfacilities.

Ensuring the availability of human and material resources required for environmentalmonitoring during construction and operational phase.

Ensuring that the compensations allocated in the EMP are given to the affectees etc.

3) Project Director Environment

The various assignments at the operational phase supervised by the Project Director

Environment are:

The Project Director will be responsible to oversee the wording of the GM Punjab

(NHA) and the supervision consultant. Coordinating with the project coordinator working to monitor environmental

compliance during road construction and operation. This will include the conductionof environmental monitoring according to the schedule given in EMP. Any deviationfrom the schedule would be adequately explained. Proper measures will be taken toensure environmental compliance.

Reporting on the progress of environmental compliance to the EPD Punjab andensuring compliance with the conditions of EIA approval.

Sustaining a working partnership among the NHA, EPD Punjab, City Government,Agriculture, Forest and Wildlife Departments, NGOs/CBOs and other related publicand private sector organizations.

Report to GM Punjab about the progress of work.

Generating periodic monitoring report and disseminating these among themanagement and appropriate staff members along with EPD Punjab.

Contracting out external monitoring to independent firms and ensuring that periodicenvironmental audits are carried out.

4) Project Coordinator

The Project Coordinator will be responsible for handling the NHAs obligations withrespect to the EMP. The project coordinator will be responsible for ensuring that the

provisions of the EMP are implemented in the construction areas both at theconstruction and operational phases. Project Coordinator will report and address the

problems relating to the traffic, air and water pollution, health and safety especiallyduring the construction activities. Project Coordinator will also be coordinating withthe supervision consultant and contractor.

Coordinating with local NGOs; that could also effectively coordinate with the nativesof the area in disseminating complete information regarding the project activities.

5) National Highway Motorway Police (NHMP)

During operation phase, NHMP is responsible to carry out following duties:

NHMP will observe and check the physical state of the heavy traffic vehicle driversto make sure that they are not under any influence of drugs or sedation while driving.

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A monitory fine and a ban on driving (for 2 months at least) will be imposed on thedrivers who found driving under the influence of any sedative drugs.

NHMP will periodically check the validity of Heavy Traffic Vehicle (HTV) licenses;

NHMP will make sure oil tanker (s) drivers have valid certification form respectiveoil refineries;

5.4.2 Supervision Consultant

Supervision Consultant will be responsible for:

Overseeing the compliance of EMP and monitoring activities of the environmentalparameters.

Overseeing the environmental performance of the contractor(s) and their obligationsunder the EMP.

Guidance to the project staff to monitor environmental compliance during projectimplementation.

Review of third party evaluation and monitoring reports.

Review of external environmental audits reports.

Ensuring that day to day construction activities are carried out in an environmentallysound and sustainable manner.

5.4.3 Contractor

The responsibilities of the contractor(s) would be as under:

Implementation of all the environmental obligations mentioned under the contract

agreement. Ensure that the work is carried out in compliance with the EMP without posing any

risk to environmental and health and safety of the workers.

Provide clean and safe working environmental to the workers.

Develop and implement environmental monitoring plan and waste management plan.

Hire an environmental officer who will be responsible for implementingenvironmental obligations including the relevant provisions of EMP.

Environmental officer will be responsible for monitoring and evaluation of all thework done by the contractors workers.

Environmental officer monitor site clearance and preparation, solid wastemanagement, work safety and hygiene, water consumption for construction and laborcamp etc.

All kinds of maintenance and rehabilitation of the project area during constructionphase.

5.5. Environmental Monitoring

This sub section provides a monitoring plan that identifies the roles and responsibilities of

project staff involved in environmental and social monitoring and lists the parameters that

will be used in the monitoring process.

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5.5.1 Objectives

The main objectives of the pre-construction and construction phase monitoring plans will be

to:

Monitor the actual impact of the works of road new alignment on the project

corridors physical, biological and socio-economic receptors. This will indicate theadequacy of the EMP.

Recommend mitigation measures for any unexpected impact or where the impactleave exceeds than that anticipated in the report;

Ensure compliance with legal and community obligations including safety ofconstruction sites;

Monitor the rehabilitation of borrow areas and the restoration of construction campssites and;

Ensure the safe disposal of excess construction materials by the contractor. The wastematerials dumped on the construction sties result in the formation of leachate after a

rainfall event which ultimately contaminates the groundwater in the project area ismostly hilly and the groundwater table is quite deep.

The main objectives of monitoring during the operation phase will be to:

Appraise the adequacy of the EMP with respect to the projects predicated long-termimpact on the corridors physical, biological and socio-economic environment.

Evaluate the effectiveness of the mitigation measures and recommend improvements,if and when required;

Compile periodic accidental data to support analyses that will help minimize anyfuture risks

5.5.2 Monitoring Parameters

1) Environmental Monitoring Parameters:

The following environmental parameters will be monitored at locations to be indentified e.g.

location of asphalt plants, construction camps etc.

Ambient Air Quality (mainly NOx, Sox, CO and PM10)

Asphalt plant emissions (smoke, dust, etc.)

Ambient Noise Levels Drinking Water Quality

2) Social Monitoring Parameters:

Social monitoring will be carried out based on the following indicators:

Number of project affected persons (PAPs) to be resettled/ relocated/ and providedlivelihood assistance.

Inventory and valuation of PAPs affected assets.

Notice period given to PAPs before shifting them from their original locations within

the RoW. Verification of shifting assistance provided to displaced affectees and structures.

PAPs perspective on compensation procedure and entitlement package.

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Details of compensations given.

Number of grievances recorded and responded.

5.5.3 Reporting Structure and Outcomes

Overall, progress reporting will be the responsibility of the project coordinator who willprovide inputs to the supervision consultant to be collected and submitted to the GM Punjab.

The supervision consultant will be responsible for submitting a monthly Environmental/

Social Report for the project.

In addition both the DD Environment/Social and Land will prepare a quarterly report

encompassing environmental concerns and following review by the GM Punjab, submit the

report the EPD Punjab.

5.6. Environmental Management Plan

The proposed mitigation measures will be carried out as indicated in Table 5-7.

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Table 5-7: Proposed Mitigation Measures

Activities and

Actions

Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Approximate

Location

Timeframe Institutional Responsibility

Implementation Supervision

DESIGN AND PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Land acquisition Loss of homes, assets,agriculture land

Provide Resettlement Action Plan and propercompensation according to the market rates.

Minimize acquisition of precious/ fertile land

In built-up andcrop lands

Beforecommencementof constructionwork

NHA (Projectcoordinator)

Deputy directorEnvironmentand Land,Contractor

Design bridges tostandards with

special reference tolocal dangers

Uneasy traffic flow,congestion and undesiredencounters with slow trafficand livestock crossing.

Improve the road and bridge geometry, providemarkings for centre and edge lines and stoplines at junctions and bus stops, all signs,markings and bridge plates must bereflectorized, improve junction layouts,

Where bridges arerequired

During thedesign andconstructionphase

DesignConsultant, andProjectEngineer

NHA

Location in areas

with communities

Exit/ entry problems for theresidents. Safety hazards forthe pedestrian

Provision of diversion routes and propersignage.

During thedesign andconstructionphase

Designer, andProjectEngineer/Contractor

NHA

Loss of vegetation

due to alignmentchange

Loss of plants in an area withalready scarce biodiversity,and loss of functionalbenefits from roadside plants

Incorporate technical design to minimizeremoval of roadside plantation, plan forcompensatory planting for each felled, 2 plantsof similar floral function, disallow introductionof exotic species or species with knownenvironmental setbacks (e.g. Eucalyptus,Prosopis)

Entire alignment insitu planningdecision

Throughoutproject life

TechnicalDesignEngineer,NHA/ Planningand Design

NHA/EnvironmentDepartment

Disturbance to

ecological sensitiveareas adjacent to

highway/bridge

Traffic accidents with

wildlife,

Incorporate cautionary signage to raise

attention of road users for wildlife crossing inareas at risk, assist in public awarenessprograms where applicable, e.g. planning ofwildlife information signboards. Minimize thedegradation of the natural topography of thearea

At relevant

locations

Throughout

project life.

Technical

DesignEngineer

NHA/

Environmentdepartment

Increase of trafficintensity

Increase of air and noisepollution and associatedhealth risks for roadsideresidents

Incorporate technical design features thatenable continual traffic flux and avoidcongestions (e.g. signboards, speed limits,speed bumpers, bays). Consider noise barriersin sensitive areas.

At towns/villagesespecially at nearthe junction of FortMunro road andBewata.

Throughoutproject life.

TechnicalDesignEngineer

NHA(Projectcoordinator)/Environmentdepartment

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Activities andActions

Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures ApproximateLocation



Proper alternate traffic management plan/diversion routes.

Selection of up-to-date equipment and plantswith reduced noise level ensured by suitable inbuilt dampening techniques and appropriatemuffling devices

Solid waste

generation

Air pollution associated withburning garbage, smell,animals attraction

Planning for burning sites in due distance tohuman settlements, incorporate technicaldesign. Training of work force in the storage

and handling of materials and chemicals thatcan potentially cause soil contamination. Solidwaste generated during construction and incamp sites will be properly treated and safelydisposed odd in demarcated waste disposalsites.

All along theconstruction sites.

Preconstructionand

constructionphase.

NHA,Contractor

NHA/Environmentdepartment

Excavation of earth

material fromborrow areas

Change of edaphiccharacteristics, loss f topsoil,impact on agriculture

Contractor needs to obtain approval fromenvironmental officer for excavation and forplan of rehabilitating the site after excavation

Borrow areasat/near agricultureand irrigation areas

Duringconstructionphase

NHA,Contractor

NHA (Projectcoordinator) /Environmentdepartment

Acquisition of

conglomerate androcky sub-base

material

Degradation of existing riverbeds, alteration of surfaceand groundwater regime,land use conflicts

Maximum use of existing quarries forconglomerates from approved and formerlyused quarry sites. Land could also be selectedthrough community consultation, which couldsubsequently be developed into fishponds orother productive purposes.

At all agriculturesites


NHA,Contractor,DesignConsultant/Sociologist

Nha/Environmentdepartment

Public utilities Public utilities such as water

pipe lines, power lines,schools be affected willcreate disruption of publicservices and economics

Timely notifications and consultations with

local communities. All public utilities (e.g.water pipes, power lines) likely to be impactedby the new alignment of the road be relocatedwell ahead to works commencement.

Mentioned under

Table 1.3 and 1.4

During design

phase

NHA (Project

coordinator) toinform localpeople

Respective

department ofNHA

Cultural properties Impacts on mosques, shrines,graveyards

In unavoidable interference prior notificationand consultation needs to be made to reachconsensus on procedures and options (e.g.relocation/ re-building) or any other form ofagreed compensation.

Mentioned inTable 1.2

During designphase

NHA (Projectcoordinator), inbid documentsDesignconsultant,sociologist

NHA/EnvironmentDepartment

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CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Land acquisition andResettlement/

Relocation

Loss of infrastructure,commercial activities,agriculture land, and loss offertile plough layer at campsites and asphalt plants anddrop in the elevation of theborrow areas.

Compensation/ resettlement/relocation forlosses in business/ commercial activities andland management to take care of the drop in theelevation of the borrow areas.

NHA will prepare Action Plan for ladacquisition, relocation and compensation for theaffected community andinfrastructure/buildings etc.

At prospectivelocations identifiedin Table 1.1 afteragreement with thelocal communities,where needed.

Beforecommencementof the work.

NHA/Resettlementofficer

NHA/EnvironmentDepartment/ResidentEngineer.

Site clearance and

preparation, andreinstallation work

after contractcompletion

Loss of vegetation and assetson the selected land, anddissatisfaction onrehabilitation measures aftercompletion

All efforts during the design stage should bemade to minimize the removal of existingmacro-plants at camp sites. Contractor willprovide plan for removal and rehabilitation ofthe site upon completion. Photographical andbotanical inventory of vegetation beforeclearing the site. Compensatory plantationshould be scheduled when construction worksnear end; for each tree removed 5 new shall beplanted.

At prospectivecamp sites

Whileestablishing thecamps

Contractor NHA/Environmentdepartment/

Sanitation and waste

disposal Facilities atcamps

Health risks to work forceand public if not properlymanaged

Contractor will provide proper wastemanagement plan. Sewage system for suchcamps will be properly designed (pit latrines or,as required, septic tanks) to receive all sanitarywaste water

At all solid andliquid wastecollection andlatrine sites ofcamps

Throughoutconstructionphase

Contractor Sociologist/environmentalofficer

Work safety andhygienic conditions

Health risks if workconditions provide unsafe/or

unfavorable work conditions

Layout plan for camp site, to be approved bythe environmental officer indicating safety

measures taken by contractor, e.g. firefightingequipment, safe storage of hazardous material,first aid, security, fencing, and contingencymeasures in case of accidents. Obligatoryinsurance against accidents to work laborers.Providing basic medical service and supplies toworkers. Personal protective equipments (PPE)will be provided to the workers operating in thevicinity of high noise generation machines.Provision of adequate sanitation, washing,cooking, and dormitory facilities including light

Throughout theoperation of work

camps.

Duringconstruction

phase

Contractor Supervisionconsultant/

environmentalofficer ofsupervisionconsultant

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up to satisfaction approved by the supervisionconsultant/Environmental officer.

Provide education on health related issuesincluding communicable diseases includingHIA/AIDS, Hepatitis, etc.

Camp site security Security hazards and relatedconflicts

Proper storage and fencing/locking of storagerooms. Employment of guard for storagerooms. Provision of adequate security againstsabotage, petrol pilfering and theft.

At constructioncamp location

Throughoutconstructionperiod

Contractor Supervisionconsultant/Environmentalofficer/resident

engineer

Construction waste

material

Contamination of soil fromconstruction wastes andquarry materials

All spoils will be disposed off as desired andthe site will be restored back to its originalconditions before handing over. Non-bituminous wastes from construction activitieswill be dumped in sites approved by thesupervision consultant/environmentalofficer/resident engineer, in line with the legalprescriptions for dumpsites, and covered with alayer of the conserved topsoil.

At all constructionsites

Throughoutconstructionperiod.

Contractor Supervisionconsultant/environmentalofficer/residentengineer

Movement,

maintenance andfuelling of

construction vehicles

Contamination of soil andgroundwater from fuel andlubricants

Fuel storage and refueling sites will be keptaway from drainage channels. Oil and greasetraps will be provided at fuelling locations, toprevent contamination of water. Water qualitywill be monitored.

Duringconstruction

At all river bedcrossings

Contractor Supervisionconsultant/environmentaldepartment,residentengineer.

Embankment works;

excavation of earth,cutting operations,

embanking, clearingof vegetations

Soil erosion, loss of

vegetation and habitat, rockfall/debris fall.

In areas with high sheet flow, high

embankments will be provided with chutes anddrains to minimize soil erosion. Stone pitchingand retaining walls will be made at highembankment in critical area (>40% gradient).As applicable and needed, plantation will bedone for slope protection. Soil erosion checkingmeasures such as the formation of sedimentbasins, slope drains, etc, will be carried out.Rock fall embankment protections will be usedto stop rock fall and debris from falling ontoroads.

At all sites where

high embankmentsare required, e.g.near bridges.

During

construction

Contractor Supervision

consultant/environmentalofficer

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All slop stabilization techniques(bioengineering) will be used to control rockfalls.

Borrow pitexcavation activities

Soil erosion, damage, to roadembankment and publichealth risks

No excavations are allowed within distance of100m to ROW. In borrow pits the depth of thepit will be regulated so that the sides of theexcavation will have a slope not steeper than1:4. Soil erosion along the borrow pit shall beregularly checked along the borrow pit shall be

regularly checked to prevent/mitigate impactson adjacent lands.

Where deep ditching is to be carried out the topon meter layer of ditching area will be strippedand stockpiled. The ditch will initially be filled,with scrap material form construction and thenleveled with the stockpiled top soil

All borrow sites inentire project area

During borrowand excavation

Contractor Supervisioncontractor/environmentalofficer ofsupervisionconsultant/

residentengineer

Water consumptionfor construction and

labour camp

Conflict with local waterdemand

The contractor will make arrangements forwater required for construction in such a waythat the water availability and supply to nearbycommunities remain unaffected. Forconstruction purposes, water shall be drawnfrom surface water bodies on priority and asavailable.

Throughout theproject area

Duringconstruction

Contractor Supervisionconsultant/environmentalofficer

Spillage of liquid

wastes

Risk of polluting surface andgroundwater from liquidwaste spillage, drainage andrun-off from constructionsites.

Application of good engineering andconstruction practice. To maintain the surfacewater flow/drainage, proper mitigationmeasures will be taken along

Throughout theproject corridor



Earth and stonework, other

constructionactivities affectingwater resources

Contamination of water dueto construction waste

Wastes must be collected, stored and taken toapprove disposal sites. Construction work closeto water bodies will be avoided duringmonsoon season. As a precautions constructtemporary or permanent devices to preventwater pollution due to increased siltation.

Throughout theproject corridor



Earth and stone Uncontrolled explosions can Application of good engineering and At prospective During Contractor Supervision

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work, in hill cuts

requiring blasting

trigger landslides, erosion,and affect hydraulic regime

construction practices, particularly whiledefining doses for explosives; consulting ofexperienced experts mandatory. Small iterativeblasting at shorter distances instead of fewmassive loads.

blasting sites constructionphase

consultant/environmentalofficer/residentengineer

Use of explosives forblasting/hill cuts

Safety hazards to workers,and passers-by; uncontrolledtriggering with accidentconsequences

Application of good engineering andconstruction practice, particularly whilepreparing for explosion, i.e. securing widerarea, optical and acoustical warning signs.

Provision of personal protective equipments(PPEs) to all the workers. Provision of medicalservice to the workers. Elaboration ofcontingency plan, including the stand-by of firstaid equipment and heavy dozers.

At prospectiveblasting sites


Contractor Supervisionconsultant/environmentalofficer/resident

engineer

Flora There is tree cutting involvedfor the execution of theproject

Aesthetics of the area maybe improved byplantation. For each tree cut will be replaced by5 trees.

At prospectivesites


Contractor Forest office incoordinationwith DDEnvironment,Social andLand)

Local Communities Migrant construction workersinevitably cause socialunease and active disputewith the local communitydue to cultural differences.This is particularly a verycrucial issue in the Project

Area. In addition theinvolvement of migrantworkers in the projectactivity will reduce theemployment opportunity forthe locals. Constructionactivity at site will also causedisturbances to the alreadyexisting business (throughsmall in number) along theproject area movements.

Migrant worker camps sites will be located atapproximately 500 m away from localsettlements and sensitivity towards localcustoms and traditions will be encouraged;good relations with the local communities willbe promoted by encouraging skilled and un-skilled employment to natives proper

compensations for the losses of businessowners will be provided and alternate paths forthe routine movement of the pedestrians will bedeveloped.

All along theproject corridor


Contractor NHA/Supervisionconsultant incorporationwith UnionCouncils andlocal NGOs

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Surplus of hill cut

rocks

Surplus hill cut rocks, canblock or alter waterways andcontribute to gully erosion

Contractor needs submit a plan or using and/orproper disposal of surplus material in a way toprevent contamination and blockage of thisexcess waters as well as dumping of this excessmaterials in river valleys or in designated forestareas

At prospectiveblasting sites

All to be borneby Contractor

Contractor SupervisionConsultant//ResidentEngineer

Vehicular movement

and machineries

Emission from constructionvehicles and machinery,causing public health risks,

nuisance and other impactson the bio-physicalenvironment

Diversion roads in built-up areas will beestablished and scheduled to minimize trafficcongestion.

Diversion roads will be black-toped to preventexcessive dust development

All temporary service and access road will beregularly water-sprayed to minimize the dustgeneration: Schedules will be adjusted to actualneeds.

Air quality parameters will be monitored atdetermined sties and schedule determined bythe Supervision consultant.

All diversions inpopulated areas

Throughoutconstructionperiod

Contractor SupervisionConsultant//Resident

Engineer

constructionmachinery

Dust generation formconstruction machineriescausing health risks tooperating workers, impact onbio-physical environment

Ensure preca

Date post:	06-Apr-2018
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Env Study Report 1.1

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