PollutionDefinition:

The introduction into the environment, by people, of substances or energy liable to cause harm to living creatures or ecological systems.

Pollution

How did pollution begin?• More sophisticated lifestyles.

• Growing needs of people.

• Accelerated rates of human and economic

activities.

Pollution

Pollution

Air Water Land

Noise Pollution:

production of unwanted sounds that are annoying, distracting or damaging to one’s hearing.

Air Pollution

What is air pollution?

• contamination of the air by noxious gases and minute particles of solid and liquid matter (particulates) in concentrations that have undesirable effect on living being.

Modernization and progress have led to air getting more and more polluted over the years. Industries, vehicles, increase in the population, and urbanization are some of the major factors responsible for air pollution.

The following industries are among those that emit a great deal of pollutants into the air: thermal power plants, cement, steel, refineries, petro-chemicals, and mines.

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY POLLUTANT1. PRIMARY POLLUTAN• Those emitted directly into air

2. SECONDARY POLLUTANT• produced through reactions between

primary pollutants and natural atmospheric compound

Pollutants of air :

Particulate pollutants - are solids or liquids with size < 100 microns that remain suspended in the atmosphere.

Dust Fumes Smoke Mist Fog Bacteria

Gaseous - Toxic and poisonouse.g. CO, chlorine, NH3, H2S, SO2, NO2, CO2.

Major Pollutants

Ozone Transient damagePermanent damage

-accelerated aging of the lung Carbon monoxide

- heart disease - lung diseases - central nervous system

↓ response to external stimuli (symptoms similar of flu)

- Normal individual during strenuous work

Sources of Outside Air Pollution• Combustion of gasoline and other hydrocarbon

fuels in cars, trucks, and airplanes• Burning of fossil fuels (oil, coal, and dinosaur

bones)

• Insecticides

• Herbicides

• Everyday radioactive fallouts• Dust from fertilizers

• Mining operations,Livestock feedlots

• Festives like diwali

Sources of Indoor pollution• Efficient insulation• Bacteria• Molds and mildews• Viruses• animal dander and cat saliva• plants• house dust• Mites• Cockroaches• pollen

Around 30-40% of cases of asthma and 20-30% of all respiratory diseases may be linked to air pollution

- increased acute respiratory diseases - lowered lung function in children

- increased sickness rates; - increases in mortality

Effects on the environment• Acid rain• Ozone depletion• Global warming• In human

population- respiratory problems, allergies, strengthens lugs, and a risk for cancer

Acid rain• contains high levels of sulfuric

or nitric acids • contaminate drinking water

and vegetation• damage aquatic life• erode buildings• Alters the chemical equilibrium

of some soils

*Howstuffworks.com

Control of air pollution

Society Industries– Legislation– guidelines for siting of industries– emission standards for industries– development of pollution prevention

technologies

Vehicular pollution– cleaner fuel quality

And so…..

• "WHO would like to provide its 191 Member States with irrefutable evidence that air pollution causes disproportionately heavy burden of

disease" Dr Michael Repacholi

WHO Coordinator,Occupational and Environmental Health

Laws• Various laws has been established to curb

the menace of air pollution - Policy statement for Abatement of

Pollution, 1992. - National Conservation Strategy & Policy

statement on environment & development,1992.

-Air (Prevention & control of pollution)Act, 1981

-Air (Prevention & control of pollution ) Act,1981

Laws continued…. -The government is trying to remove the use of leaded petrol, a major cause of air pollution. - the industrial acts are implemented to control the harmful emission of gases. - the natural management team is is

hardcore work to minimise the effect of various natural disaster like forest fire, volcanic erruption that are causes of airr pollution.

Strategies• Air Quality Management

Plan

– Development of new technology- electric cars, cleaner fuels, low nitrogen oxide boilers and water healers, zero polluting paints, less polluting BBQ lighter fluids

• Use of natural gas

• Carpooling

• Follow the laws enacted

Recipe for Pollution Success!• Please do not carpool– the more cars on the roads, the

better (who’d want to save gas and money anyway?)• Do not have regular smog checks for your car

• Message to factories: do not filter your smoke stacks- we love the sight of smoke billowing in the sky

• Do not recycle!

• Remember: this can be done anywhere. Pollution is not limited to where you live…. Whatever you do affects everything

References:-

• www.edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/air

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution

• www.controlairpollution.com

• Environmental studies by R. Rajgopalan

• www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/airpollution

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