ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT … Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt Ltd. Page 1 EIA REPORT...

Consultant Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt Ltd. Page 1

EIA REPORT

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

FOR

PROPOSED

NEW ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL INGREDIENTS, INTERMEDIATES FOR

PHARMA/NON- PHARMA & AGROCHEMICALS MANUFACTURING UNIT

By

SYNGENE INTERNATIONAL LIMITED

AT

MANGALORE SEZ LIMITED,

VILLAGE: KALAVAR

TALUK: MANGALORE

DIST: DAKSHINA KANNADA

STATE: KARNATAKA

[Project termed under schedule 5(f): Category B Synthetic organic chemicals as

per EIA Notification 2006 and its Amendments]

Report Prepared by

HUBERT ENVIRO CARE SYSTEMS (P) LTD

CHENNAI

MARCH 2016


EIA REPORT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The following people are gratefully acknowledged for their fullest support in rendering

needful information regarding the project and kind cooperation in fulfilling the report

SYNGENE INTERNATIONAL LIMITED

Mr. M.B Chinappa-President Finance

Mr. Vishwajeet Nandkeolyar-Assistant General Manager (Safety)

Mr. Rutvij Panchal-Associate Director (Projects)

Mr. Daniel Boppuri-General Manager (Manufacturing)

Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt. Ltd, Chennai

Dr. J.R.Moses – FAE

Dr. Rajkumar Samuel–FAE

Mr. Abishek Moses – Team Member

Mr. A.Manoharan– FAE

Mr. V.Dhivakar– FAE

Ms. Ramaa Prakash – FAE

Mr. Chengalvarayan– Team Member

Ms. A. Ragatharani – Team Member

Ms. Priyanka.R – Team Member

Ms. Aditya Vani – Team Member


EIA REPORT

Declaration of Experts contributing to the EIA

I hereby certify that I was involved in the EIA report for the project titled New Active

Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Intermediates for Pharma /Non-Pharma

&Agrochemicals Manufacturing Unit along with the Functional Area Experts listed below

during September 2015 to till date.

EIA Coordinator:

Name:

Signature & Date:

Period of involvement:

Contact information:

Functional Area Experts:

S. No. Function

al Areas Name of the Expert

Duration of

Involvement Signature

1. AP J R MOSES November 2015-

January 2016

2. WP RAMAA PRAKASH November 2015-

January 2016

3. SHW J R MOSES, RAMAA

PRAKASH

February 2016

4. SE V DHIVAKAR November 2015-

January 2016

5. EB,WP RAJKUMAR SAMUEL January 2016

6. AQ J R MOSES February-March 2016

7. RH J R MOSES February-March 2016


EIA REPORT

*See below the expansion of Functional Areas

Functional Area Code Abbreviation of the Functional Areas

LU Land Use

AP Air Pollution monitoring, Prevention and Control

AQ Meteorology, Air Quality Modeling & Prediction

WP Water Pollution monitoring, Prevention and Control

EB Ecology and Biodiversity

NV Noise and Vibration

SE Socio-Economics

HG Hydrology, Ground Water & Water Conservation

GEO Geology

SC Soil Conservation

RH Risk Assessment and Hazards Management

SHW Solid and Hazardous Waste Management

Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organization

I, Dr.J.R.MOSES hereby, confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared the EIA for

proposed New Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Intermediates for Pharma /Non-

Pharma & Agrochemicals Manufacturing Unit at Kalavar village, Mangalore Taluk,

Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka by Syngene International Limited. I also

confirm that I shall be fully accountable for any misleading information mentioned in this

statement.

Signature:

Name: Dr. J.R Moses

Designation: CEO

Name of the EIA Consultant Organization: Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt. Ltd., Chennai

NABET Certificate No. & Issue Date: 77, 11th August 2014


EIA REPORT

Table of Contents COMPLIANCE TO TERMS OF REFERENCE ................................................................................................ 12

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 25

INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 25

PROJECT DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................................................. 26

1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 35

1.1 About the Project Proponent ...................................................................................................... 35

1.2 Purpose of the report .................................................................................................................. 35

1.3 Brief Description of the Project .................................................................................................. 36

1.4 Scope of the study – details of regulatory scoping carried out ................................................ 36

1.5 Methodology adopted for the Study .......................................................................................... 41

1.6 Objectives of this EIA Report ...................................................................................................... 41

1.7 Structure of EIA Report ............................................................................................................... 41

1.8 EIA Process .................................................................................................................................. 42

2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...................................................................................................................... 43

2.1 Type of Project ............................................................................................................................. 43

2.2 Need for the project .................................................................................................................... 43

2.3 Location of the Project Site ......................................................................................................... 44

2.4 Size or Magnitude of operation .................................................................................................. 49

2.5 Details of Alternative sites considered ...................................................................................... 51

2.6 Project Cost .................................................................................................................................. 51

2.7 Process Description ..................................................................................................................... 52

2.8 Resource Requirements .............................................................................................................. 52

2.8.1 Raw materials ...................................................................................................................... 52

2.8.2 Land Requirement ............................................................................................................... 52

2.8.3 Water Requirement ............................................................................................................. 53

2.8.4 Power Requirement ............................................................................................................ 54

2.8.5 Manpower Requirement ..................................................................................................... 54

2.8.6 Infrastructure facilities during construction & operation Phase .................................... 54

2.9 Pollution Control Measures Proposed ....................................................................................... 54

2.9.1 Air Pollution & Fugitive Emission Control ........................................................................ 54

2.9.2 Odour Control ...................................................................................................................... 55


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2.9.3 Noise Pollution..................................................................................................................... 55

2.9.4 Waste Water treatment and Disposal Details ................................................................... 56

2.9.5 Hazardous and Solid waste Management .......................................................................... 56

3 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................................................... 59

3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 59

3.1.1 Objective ............................................................................................................................... 59

3.2 Scope of Baseline Study .............................................................................................................. 59

3.3 Micrometeorology ....................................................................................................................... 63

3.3.1 Wind direction and wind direction .................................................................................... 64

3.3.2 Temperature ........................................................................................................................ 65

3.3.3 Relative Humidity ................................................................................................................ 66

3.3.4 Rainfall ................................................................................................................................. 66

3.4 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring ................................................................................................. 66

3.4.1 Reconnaissance ................................................................................................................... 67

3.4.2 Baseline Status ..................................................................................................................... 71

3.4.3 Results and Observations ................................................................................................... 72

3.5 Noise Environment ...................................................................................................................... 74

3.5.1 Reconnaissance Survey ....................................................................................................... 74

3.5.2 Inference .............................................................................................................................. 79

3.6 Water Environment ..................................................................................................................... 79

3.6.1 Surface Water Resources .................................................................................................... 79

3.6.2 Ground water resources ..................................................................................................... 80

3.6.3 Reconnaissance ................................................................................................................... 80

3.6.4 Inference-Ground Water ..................................................................................................... 91

3.6.5 Inference-Surface Water ..................................................................................................... 97

3.7 Ground water Scenario ............................................................................................................... 98

3.7.1 Hydrogeology ....................................................................................................................... 98

3.7.2 Groundwater quality ......................................................................................................... 100

3.7.3 Groundwater related issues and problems ..................................................................... 100

3.7.4 Flooding and coastal erosion ............................................................................................ 100

3.7.5 Salinity ingress of coastal aquifers ................................................................................... 101

3.7.6 Water logging ..................................................................................................................... 101


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3.8 Surface water ............................................................................................................................. 101

3.8.1 Spring ................................................................................................................................. 101

3.9 Geomorphology and Soil Types ................................................................................................ 101

3.9.1 Soil Type ............................................................................................................................. 102

3.10 Soil Environment ....................................................................................................................... 102

3.10.1 Observations ...................................................................................................................... 106

3.11 Land use and Land Classification ............................................................................................. 107

3.12 Ecological Environment ............................................................................................................ 110

3.12.1 Reconnaissance ................................................................................................................. 111

3.12.2 Study Area .......................................................................................................................... 112

3.12.3 Pilikula Nisarga Dhama ..................................................................................................... 113

3.12.4 Mangroves .......................................................................................................................... 116

3.12.5 Plantations ......................................................................................................................... 117

3.12.6 Fauna .................................................................................................................................. 117

3.13 Socio-Economic Environment .................................................................................................. 121

3.13.1 Reconnaissance ................................................................................................................. 122

3.13.2 Baseline Status ................................................................................................................... 123

3.13.3 Socio-economic Survey ..................................................................................................... 127

4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ............................... 130

4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 130

4.2 Construction Phase ................................................................................................................... 130

4.3 Land Environment ..................................................................................................................... 131

4.3.1 Impacts ............................................................................................................................... 131

4.3.2 Mitigation measures .......................................................................................................... 131

4.4 Air Environment ........................................................................................................................ 132

4.4.1 Impacts ............................................................................................................................... 132


4.5 Water Environment ................................................................................................................... 133

4.5.1 Impacts ............................................................................................................................... 133


4.6 Noise Environment .................................................................................................................... 133

4.6.1 Impacts ............................................................................................................................... 133


EIA REPORT


4.7 Waste Generation ...................................................................................................................... 134


4.8 Ecology ....................................................................................................................................... 135

4.9 Social Environment ................................................................................................................... 135

4.10 Operation Phase ........................................................................................................................ 135

4.10.1 Air Environment ................................................................................................................ 135

4.10.2 Water Environment ........................................................................................................... 141

4.10.3 Noise Environment ............................................................................................................ 141

4.11 Land Environment ..................................................................................................................... 142


4.12 Socio-Economic Environment .................................................................................................. 142

5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ......................................................................................................... 143

5.1 SITE SELECTION ........................................................................................................................ 143

6 Environmental Monitoring Program (EMP) ................................................................................... 144

6.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 144

6.2 Objectives ................................................................................................................................... 144

6.3 Environmental Management Plan during Construction Phase.............................................. 145

6.4 Environmental management plan during Operation phase .................................................. 147

6.5 Fire Management Systems ........................................................................................................ 148

6.5.1 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS ....................................................................................................... 148

6.6 Post Project Environmental Monitoring .................................................................................. 161

6.6.1 Monitoring Program .......................................................................................................... 162

6.7 Greenbelt development Plan .................................................................................................... 164

6.8 Occupational Health and Safety Program ................................................................................ 165

6.8.1 Construction Phase: .......................................................................................................... 166

6.8.2 Operation Phase ................................................................................................................ 166

6.9 Environmental Safety Policy of Syngene International Limited ............................................ 167

6.10 Environment Management Cell ................................................................................................ 168

6.11 Cost Estimate for Environment Management Plan ................................................................. 169

7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES ...................................................................................................................... 170

7.1 Disaster Management Plan ....................................................................................................... 170


EIA REPORT

7.2 R& R ............................................................................................................................................ 170

7.3 Risk Assessment ........................................................................................................................ 170

8 PROJECT BENEFITS ........................................................................................................................... 171

9 SUMMARY & CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................... 172

9.1 Summary .................................................................................................................................... 172

9.2 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 173

10 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT .................................................................................................... 174

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1-1 Applicable Acts and Rules .......................................................................................................... 37

Table 2-1 Site coordinates .......................................................................................................................... 44

Table 2-2 Site Salient Features ................................................................................................................... 45

Table 2-3 Details of Proposed products and capacities ........................................................................... 49

Table 2-4 List of Solvents ............................................................................................................................ 52

Table 2-5 Land use break up details .......................................................................................................... 52

Table 2-6 Water Consumption for the Project ......................................................................................... 53

Table 2-7 Power and Energy Requirement ............................................................................................... 54

Table 2-8 Air Pollution Control Measures ................................................................................................. 55

Table 2-9 Wastewater Effluent .................................................................................................................. 56

Table 2-10 Municipal Solid Waste during Construction Phase ............................................................... 57

Table 2-11 Municipal Solid Waste during operation Phase ..................................................................... 57

Table 2-12 Hazardous waste ...................................................................................................................... 58

Table 2-13 List of Major Industries found within the 10 Km radius study are ...................................... 58

Table 3-1 Monitoring of various Environmental Attributes .................................................................... 60

Table 3-2 Frequency and Monitoring methodologies of environmental parameters ........................... 61

Table 3-3 Wind Direction ........................................................................................................................... 64

Table 3-4 Temperature and Relative Humidity data ................................................................................ 66

Table 3-5 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations .............................................................................. 69

Table 3-6Test Methods used for the analysis of Ambient Air Quality Parameters ................................ 71

Table 3-71 Average Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Data (October to January, 2016) ....................... 73

Table 3-8 Details of noise monitoring locations ....................................................................................... 76

Table 3-9 Ambient Noise Quality Standards (CPCB Limits) .................................................................... 78

Table 3-10 Noise Monitoring Results ........................................................................................................ 78

Table 3-11 Details of Surface and Ground Water Sampling Locations ................................................... 82

Table 3-12 Test Methods used for analysis of water quality parameters .............................................. 84

Table 3-13 Ground water analysis results ................................................................................................ 87

Table 3-14 Surface water analysis results ................................................................................................. 92

Table 3-15 Details of soil monitoring locations ...................................................................................... 104


EIA REPORT

Table 3-16 Soil Analysis results ............................................................................................................... 105

Table 3-17 Land use pattern (area in hectares) ..................................................................................... 108

Table 3-18 Land use pattern in the study area ....................................................................................... 109

Table 3-19 Fauna found in the study area ............................................................................................... 116

Table 3-20 Medicinal Plants Observed in Study Area ............................................................................ 119

Table 3-21 Plantations/Cultivars in Study Area ..................................................................................... 119

Table 3-22 Lower Strata Fauna Observed in Study Area ....................................................................... 121

Table 3-23 Standards according to National Health Policy ................................................................... 125

Table 3-24 Demographic Summary ......................................................................................................... 128

Table 3-25 Pilgrim/Tourist Places in Dakshina Kannada District ........................................................ 129

Table 4-1 Proposed Stack Emission details ............................................................................................ 137

Table 4-2 Predicted GLC for Proposed Stack .......................................................................................... 141

Table 6-1Post Project Environmental monitoring program .................................................................. 163

Table 10-1 Details of the Consultant ........................................................................................................ 174

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2-1 Location Map of the Project Site .............................................................................................. 46

Figure 2-2 Satellite Image of the Project Site (10 Km Radius) ................................................................ 47

Figure 2-3 MSEZL Site Master Plan Showing the proposed site .............................................................. 47

Figure 2-4 Site Photos ................................................................................................................................. 49

Figure 3-1 Wind direction distribution pattern ........................................................................................ 65

Figure 3-2 Wind rose diagram of Dakshina Kannada ............................................................................... 65

Figure 3-3 Map Showing AAQ Monitoring Locations in study area (10 Km Radius) ............................. 68

Figure 3-4 Photographs of monitoring at the site .................................................................................... 70

Figure 3-5 Noise Monitoring locations ...................................................................................................... 75

Figure 3-6 Ground Water monitoring locations ....................................................................................... 81

Figure 3-7 Surface water Monitoring location .......................................................................................... 81

Figure 3-8 Hydrogeology Map .................................................................................................................... 98

Figure 3-9 Depth of water level during pre and post monsoon .............................................................. 99

Figure 3-10 Ground water level fluctuation between pre and post Monsoon from 2001 to 2010 .... 100

Figure 3-11 Soil Monitoring Locations .................................................................................................... 103

Figure 3-12 Land Use Pattern of Dakshina Kannada District ................................................................ 108

Figure 3-13 Cropping Pattern in Study Area ........................................................................................... 110

Figure 4-1 Maximum incremental value for SO2 during daytime .......................................................... 138

Figure 4-2 Maximum incremental value for NOX during daytime ......................................................... 139

Figure 4-3 Maximum incremental value for NOX during daytime ......................................................... 140


EIA REPORT

LIST OF ANNEXURE

Annexure –1- Terms of Reference

Annexure –2- Syngene-MSEZ MOU

Annexure –3 - MSEZ EC Amendment

Annexure –4 - MSEZL Site Master Plan

Annexure–5 - Syngene Site Master Plan

Annexure –6 - Product Details

Annexure –7- Raw Materials

Annexure –8 - Material Safety Data Sheet

Annexure –9 - ETP, STP, MEE Specifications

Annexure – 10-Risk Assessment Report & Onsite Emergency plan

Annexure-11 GreenBelt Layout


EIA REPORT

COMPLIANCE TO TERMS OF REFERENCE

S.No Terms of Reference Compliance

A. Standard TOR

1 Executive Summary Enclosed in pg no. 24.

2 Introduction Please refer chapter 1, pg

no-34

i. Details of the EIA Consultant including NABET

accreditation

Please refer Chapter 10,

Pg no-175

ii. Information about the Project Proponent Please refer Chapter

1,1.1, pg no-34

iii. Importance and Benefits of the Project Please refer Chapter 8, Pg

No.172.

3 Project Description

i. Cost of project and Time of completion Please refer Chapter 2,2.6

pg no.50

ii. Products with capacities for the proposed project Please refer Chapter

2,2.4,table 2.2, pg no. 48

iii. If expansion project, details of existing products with

capacities and whether adequate land is available for

expansion, reference of earlier EC if any.

Not Applicable. This is a

proposed new project

iv. List of Raw materials and their source with mode of

transportation

Attached as Annexure-7

v. Other chemicals and materials required with

quantities and storage capacities

Please refer Chapter

2,2.4,table 2.2, pg no. 48

vi. Details of emission, effluents, hazardous waste

generation and their management


2,2.9.4.2, Pg no-56

vii. Requirement of water, power, with source of

supply, status of approval, water balance diagram,

man-power requirement (regular and contract)


2.8, pg no. 51


EIA REPORT


viii. Process description along with major equipments

and machineries, process flow sheet (quantitative)

from raw material to products to be provided

Attached as annexure 6.

ix. Hazard identification and details of proposed safety

systems

Please refer Chapter 6, pg

no. 165 and chapter 10

risk assessment.

x. Expansion/ modernization proposals

(a) Copy of all Environmental Clearance(s) including

amendments thereto obtaining for the project

from MoEF&CC/SEIAA shall be attached as an

Annexure. A certified copy of the latest

monitoring report of the Regional office of the

Ministry of Environment and Forests as per

circular dated 30th May, 2012 on the status of

compliance of conditions stipulated in all existing

environmental clearances including Amendments

shall be provided. In addition status of compliance

of Consent to Operate for the ongoing existing

operation of the project from SPCB shall be

attached with the EIA-EMP report

(b) In case the existing project has not obtained

environmental clearance, reasons for not

obtaining the provisions of the EIA notification

1994 and/or EIA notification 2006 shall be

provided. Copies of Consent to Establish / No

objection certificate and Consent to Operate (in

case of units operating in prior to EIA notification

2006, CTE and CTO of FY 2005-2006) obtained

from the SPCB shall be submitted. Further

Not Applicable. Since the

Proposed project is new..


EIA REPORT


compliance report to the conditions of Consents

from the SPCB shall be submitted.

4 Site Details

i. Location of the project site covering village,

Taluka/Tehsil, District and State, justification for

selecting the site. Whether other sites were considered


2,2.3, pg no. 44

ii. A Topo sheet of the study area of radius of 10Km

and site location on 1:50,000/ 1:25,000 scale on an

A3/A2 sheet (including al eco-sensitive areas and

environmentally sensitive places)


3,3.11, Pg No: 106

iii. Details w.r.t option analysis for selection of site Please refer Chapter 5, Pg

No: 143.

iv. Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the site Please refer Chapter 2,

table no. 2-1, Pg no: 43

v. Google map Earth downloaded of the project site Please refer Chapter 2,

figure 2-2.

vi. Layout maps including existing unit as well as

proposed unit indicating storage area, plant area,

greenbelt area, utilities etc. If located within an

industrial area/Estate/Complex, layout of Industrial

indicating location of unit within the Industrial

area/Estate.


table 2-4 pg no: 51.

vii. Photographs of the proposed and existing (if

applicable) plant site, existing, show photographs of

plantations/greenbelt, in particular


Fig 2-4, Pg no: 48

viii. Land use break-up of total land of the project site

(indicate and acquired), government/ private-

agriculture, forest, wasteland, water bodies,

settlements, etc shall be included (not required for


3,3.11, pg no: 106


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industrial area)

ix. A list of major industries with name and type

within the study area (10 km radius) shall be

incorporated. Land use details of the study area)


table 2-12, pg no 56

x. Geological features and Geo-hydrological status of

the study area shall be included.


3,3.7, Pg No. 96

xi. Details of drainage of the project upto 5km radius

of the study area. If the site is within 1Km radius of any

major river, peak and lean season river discharge as

well as flood occurrence frequency based on peak

rainfall data of the past 30 years. Details of Flood Level

of the project site and maximum of Flood of the river

shall also be provided (mega green field projects)

Please refer Chapter 3, pg

no. 98

xii. Status of acquisition of land. If acquisition is not

complete, stage of the acquisition process and expected

time of complete procession of the land.

Acquisition certificate

enclosed in Annexure-2

xiii. R&R details in respect of land in line with state

Government policy

Not applicable. It is in

MSEZL industrial area

5 Forest and wildlife related issues (if applicable)

i. Permission and approvals for the use of forest

land (forestry clearance), if any, and recommendations

of the State Forest Department (if applicable)

Not Applicable

ii. Land use map based on High resolution satellite

imagery (GPS) of the proposed site delineating the

forest land (in case of projects involving forest land

more than 40 Ha)


3,3.11, pg no:105

iii. Status of application submitted for obtaining the

stage of Forest Clearance along with latest status shall

be submitted

Not Applicable


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iv. The projects to be located within 10 Km of the

National parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves,

Migratory Corridors of Wild Animals, the project

proponent shall submit the map duly authenticated by

Chief Wildlife Warden showing these features vis-à-vis

the project location and the recommendations or

comments of the Chief Wildlife Warden-thereon.

Not Applicable

v. Wildlife Conservation Plan duly authenticated by

the Chief Wildlife Warden of the State Government for

conservation of schedule of fauna, if any exists in the

study area.

Not Applicable

vi. Copy of application submitted for clearance under

the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 to the Standing

Committee of the National Board for Wildlife.

Not Applicable

6 Environmental Status

i. Determination of atmospheric inversion level at the

project site and site-specific micrometeorological

date using temperature, relative humidity, hourly

wind speed and direction and rainfall


3,4.10.1, pg no 134

ii. AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations for PM10,

PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO and other parameters relevant to

the project shall be collected. The monitoring stations

shall be based on CPCB guidelines and take into

account the pre-dominant wind direction, population

zone, sensitive receptors including reserved forests.


Table no: 3-71,pg no. 71

iii. Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 weeks of all

stations as per frequency given in the NAAQM

notification of Nov. 2009 along with- min-max,

average and 98% values for each of the AAQ


3.4, pg no: 64


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parameters from data of all AAQ stations should be

provided as an annexure to the EIA report

iv. Surface water quality of nearby River (1000m

upstream and downstream of discharge point) and

other surface drains at eight locations as per CPCB/

MoEF&CC guidelines.


3.6, Pg No. : 76.

v. Whether the site falls near to polluted stretch of river

identified by the CPCB/MoEF& CC, if yes give details

No

vi. Ground water monitoring at minimum 8 locations

shall be included


3,3.6,3.6.2 pg no: 78.

vii. Noise level monitoring at minimum 8 locations

shall be included


3.5, pg no. 74

viii. Soil characteristics as per CPCB guidelines Please refer Chapter

3,3.10, pg no:102.

ix. Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles, frequency of

vehicles for transportation of materials, additional

traffic due to proposed project, parking arrangement

etc.

Please refer Chapter 3

x. Detailed description of flora and fauna (terrestrial

and aquatic) existing in the study area shall be given

with special reference to rare, endemic and

endangered species. If schedule-I fauna and found

within the study area, a Wildlife Conservation plan

shall be prepared and furnished


3.12, pg no. 110.

xi. Socio-economic status of the study area Please refer Chapter

3,3.13 122.

7 Impact and Environmental Management Plan

i. Assessment of ground level concentration of

pollutants from the stack emission based on site-


4,4.10.1, 136.


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specific meteorological features. In case the project is

located on a hilly terrain, AQIP modeling shall be

done using inputs of the specific terrain

characteristics for determining the potential impacts

of the project on the AAQ. Cumulative impact of all

sources of emissions (including transportation) on

the AAQ of the area shall be assessed. Details of the

model used and the input data used for modeling

shall also be provided. The air quality contours shall

be plotted on a location map showing the location of

the project site, habitation nearby, sensitive

receptors, if any.

ii. Water quality modeling- in case of discharge in

water body

Not Applicable. Effluent

discharged to CETP of

MSEZL

iii. Impact of the transport of raw material and end

products on the surrounding environment shall be

assessed and provided. In this regard, options for

transport of raw materials and finished products and

wastes (large quantities) by rail or rail-cum road

transport or conveyor-cum-rail transport shall be

examined.

Please refer Chapter 4

iv. A note on treatment of waste water from different

plant operations, extent recycled and reused for

different purposes shall be included. Complete

scheme of effluent treatment, characteristics of

untreated and treated effluent to meet the

prescribed standards of discharge under E(P) rules.


4,4.10.2, pg no: 142

v. Details of stack emission and action plan for control Please refer Chapter 4,


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of emissions to meet standards. 4.10.1, table4.1, 136, 138.

vi. Measures for fugitive emission control Refer chapter 2, 2.9,

2.9.1, pg no: 53

vii. Details of hazardous waste generation and their

storage, utilization and management, Copies of MOU

regarding utilization of solid and hazardous waste in

cement plant also be included. EMP shall include the

concept of waste-minimization, recycle/

reuse/recover techniques, Energy conservation, and

natural resource conservation.


2,2.9.5.2, pg no. 57..

Agreement will be made

with TSDF for safe

disposal of hazardous

wastes.

viii. Proper utilization of fly ash shall be ensured as

per Fly Ash notification, 200. A detailed plan of

action shall be provided.

Not Applicable. Since the

fly ash is not used.

ix. Acton plan for the green belt development plan in

33% area i.e., land with not less than 1500 trees per

Ha. Giving details of Species, width of plantation,

planning schedule etc. shall be included. The green

belt shall be around the project boundary and a

scheme for greening of the roads used for the project

shall also be incorporated.


6,6.7, pg no: 164.

x. Action plan for rain water harvesting measures at

plant site shall be submitted to harvest rainwater

from the roof tops and storm water drains to

recharge the ground water and also to use for the

various activities at the project site to conserve fresh

water and reuse the water requirement from other

sources.


6.4,pg no. 148

xi. Total capital cost and recurring cost /annum for

environmental pollution control measures shall be


6.11, pg no: 169.


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included.

xii. Action plan for Post-project environmental

monitoring shall be submitted


table 6.1, pg no. 163.

xiii. Onsite and offsite Disaster (natural and Man-

made) preparedness and Emergency Management

Plan including Risk Assessment and damage control.

Disaster Management Plan should be linked with

District Disaster Management Plan.

Enclosed in Annexure-10.

8 Occupational Health

i. Plan and fund allocation to ensure the occupational

health & safety of all contract and casual workers


6.8, pg no. 165.

ii. Details of exposure specific health status evaluation of worker. )f the worker s health is being evaluated by pre-designed format, chest x-rays, Audiometry,

Spirometry, Vision testing (Far and near vision,

colour vision and any other ocular defect), ECG,

during pre placement and periodical examinations

give the details of the same. Details regarding last

month analyzed data of above mentioned

parameters as per age, sex, duration of exposure and

department wise.


proposed project

iii. Details of existing Occupational & Safety Hazards.

What are the exposure levels of hazards and whether

they are Permissible Exposure level (PEL) if these

are not within PEL, what measures the company has

adopted to keep them within PEL. So that health of

the workers can be preserved.


proposed project

iv. Annual report of health status of workers with

special reference to Occupational Health and Safety


proposed project


EIA REPORT


9 Corporate Environment Policy

i. Does the company have a well laid down

Environmental Policy approved by its Board of

Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA report

Refer chapter 6, 6.9 pg

no:198.

ii. Does the Environment Policy prescribe for standard

operating process/procedures to bring into focus

any infringement/ deviation/ violation of the

environemnt or forest norms/ conditions? If so, it

may be detailed in the EIA


6.9, pg no. 167.

iii. What is the hierarchical system or Administrative

order of the company to deal with the environemntsl

issues and for ensuring compliance with the

environmental clearance conditions? Details of this

system may be given.


6.10, pg no. 168.

iv. Does the company have system of reporting of non-

compliances/ violations of environemntal norms to

the Board of Directors of the company and/or

Stakeholders or stakeholders at large? This reporting

mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA report


6.10, pg no. 168.

10 Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as

sanitation, fuel, restroom etc. to be provided to the

labour force during construction as well as to the casual

workers including truck drivers during operation phase.

During construction

phase, temporary site

office, toilet, cantten is

provided this will be

ready before the civil

works begin at our site.

During operational

phase, the canteen and

rest room provided

which is indicated in Site


EIA REPORT


master plan in annexure

4.

11 Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC)

i. Adequate funds (at least 2.5% of the project cost)

shall be earmarked towards the Enterprise Social

Commitment based on public Hearing issues and

item-wise details along with the bound action plan

shall be included. Socio-Economic development

activities need to be elaborated upon.

Public Hearing is not

applicable. Since, the

project site is within

industrial area of MSEZL.

12 Any litigation pending against the project and/ or any

direction/ order passed by any Court of Law against the

project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has

the unit received any notice under the section 5 of

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections

of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and

compliance /ATR to the notice(s) and present status of

the case.

No

13 A tabular chart with index for point wise compliance of

above TOR

Complied in pg no. 12.

B. Specific Terms of Reference for EIA studies for Isolated Storage & Handling of

Hazardous Chemicals (As per Threshold planning Quantity indicated in column 3

of Schedule 2 & 3 of MSIHC Rules 1989 Amended 2000)

1 Details on solvents to be used, measures for solvent

recovery and for emissions control.

Solvents details are given

in table 2.4 pg no. 51 and

solvent recovery plan is

given in annexure- 14.

2 Details of process emissions from the proposed unit and Process emissions


EIA REPORT


its arrangement to control explained in pg no. 135

table 4-1. And control

measures given in pg no.

147.

3 Ambient air quality data should include VOC, other

process specific pollutants like NH3, Chlorine, HCl, HBr,

H2S, HF, etc., (as applicable)


Table no: 3-71,pg no. 71

4 Work zone monitoring arrangements for hazardous

chemicals


6.8, pg no. 165.

5 Detailed effluent treatment scheme including segregation of effluent streams for units adopting Zero Liquid discharge. High TDS effluent is

provided with MEE and

adopted ZLD. Low TDS

effluent is sent to CETP

for Further Treatment.

Enclosed in annexure 9.

6 Action Plan for odour control to be submitted Refer chapter 2, 2.9,

2.9.2, pg no: 54

7 A copy of the Memorandum of Understanding signed

with cement manufacturers indicating clearly that they c

o-process organic solid/hazardous waste generated

Not applicable, the solid

and hazardous waste

shall be disposed to

TSDF. However,

agreement with cement

industry can be made in

future.

8 Authorization for the disposal of liquid effluent in CETP

and solid/hazardous waste in TSDF, if any

Authorization shall be

obtained before starting

the production, it is a

green field project the

same shall be obtained


EIA REPORT


along with CFO.

9 Action plan for utilization of MEE/dryers salts This shall be disposed off

to TSDF as this being

hazardous waste.

10 Material safety data sheet for all the chemicals being

used/will be used

Please refer Annexure-8

11 Details of incinerator if to be installed No incinerator will be

used. The solid waste

generated will be sent to

the authorized hazardous

waste management

vendor.

12 Risk assessment for storage and handling of hazardous

chemicals/solvents. Action plan for handling & safety

system to be incorporated

Enclosed in Annexure-10.

13 Arrangements for ensuring health and safety of workers

engaged in handling of toxic materials


6.8, pg no. 165.

Additional TOR s

1 Detailed Product name Please refer Chapter-2

and Annexure-6

2 Letter from MOEF regarding change in land use pattern Please refer Annexure-3.

3 Revised Land use plan increasing the green belt area

from 4.63% to 33%

Enclosed in Annexure -11

4 Evaluate the ETP available w.r.t the discharge Enclosed in Annexuere-9.


EIA REPORT

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

M/s. Syngene International Limited intends to set up a manufacturing facility on 40.07

Acres of land leased from MSEZL for the production of Novel chemical entities-Active

Pharmaceutical Intermediates (APIs), Intermediates (Pharma/Non-Pharma) and

Agrochemicals at MSEZL, Kalavar Village, Mangalore Taluk, Dakshina Kannada District,

Karnataka.

For this proposed activity the manpower requirement will be 811 persons which will

include both technical and non-technical personnel. The details of the proposed project are

tabulated in table 1.

Table 1- Details of the proposed project

S.No Features Description

1) Name of the Project Syngene International Limited-New Active

Pharmaceuticals Ingredients, Intermediates (Pharma/

Non-Pharma) and Agrochemicals Manufacturing Unit

2) Total Land Area 40.07 acres

3) Geographical Location Village: Kalavar, Tehsil: Managalore, District:

Dakshina Kannada, State: Karnataka

4) Nearest Village Kalavar (0.8 Km towards West)

5) Nearest Railway station Thokkur railway Station-3.4 Km

Surathkal railway station-at about 4.8 Km towards

NW

6) Highway NH-17 Edapally-Panawal at about 6 Km on west

7) Airport Bajpe (Mangalore) at about 3.5 Km in the south east

direction

8) Sea Port NMPT, Mangalore at about 6.4 Km towards SW

9) Forest/Wildlife Sanctuary Pilikula Nisarga Dhama (Biological Park)

10) Project Site A total land area of 40.07 acres leased for the

proposed manufacturing facility is in possession of


EIA REPORT


Mangalore SEZ, notified by Ministry of Commerce &

Industries

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

About the project

M/s Syngene International Limited proposes to establish a new facility for the manufacture

of Active Pharmaceuticals Intermediates (APIs), Intermediates (Pharma/Non-Pharma) and

Agrochemicals in the Mangalore Special Economic Zone Limited (MSEZL) at Kalavar Village,

Mangalore Taluk, Dakshina Kannada District.

Location

The site for the proposed project is situated at survey No.s 5/7(P), 5/8A(P), 5/8B, 5/8C(P),

5/10(P), 6/1(P), 6/3(P), 7/1(P),7/2, 7/3(P), 8/1C(P), 10/1, 10/2, 10/3, 10/4A(P), 10/5,

10/6, 10/7(P), 10/8, 10/9, 10/10A(P), 10/11(P), 10/12(P), 10/13(P), 11/1(P), 11/2(P),

11/3, 11/4, 11/5, 11/6, 11/9, 11/10, 12/5(P), 12/6(P), 12/11(P), 12/12(P), 13/1, 13/2(P),

13/3, 13/4, 13/5, 13/6, 14/4(P), 14/5(P), 14/6(P), 14/7(P), 14/8, 14/9, 15/1(P), 15/2A,

15/2B(P), 15/2C(P), 15/2D(P), 15/2E, 17/8(P), 17/13(P), 17/22(P), 17/23(P), 17/25(P),

98/1(P), 98/2(P), 99/1(P), 99/2(P), 100(P), MSEZL, Kalavar Village, Mangalore Taluk

Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka state. The latitude and longitude for the proposed site

are 12°58'55.37"N, 74°51'35.38"E respectively.

Table 2-Site Coordinates

S.No Site Co-ordinates Direction

1. 12°59'2.41"N, 74°51'29.11"E North

2. 12°58'46.32"N, 74°51'28.26"E South

3. 12°58'50.68"N, 74°51'50.19"E East

4. 12°58'54.04"N, 74°51'51.30"E West

Land Requirement

The land occupied for setting up of the manufacturing facility will be 40.07 acres of land in

MSEZL. The Land break up for the project is given in the table below.


EIA REPORT

S.No. Component Area in Sq.m Area in %

1. Proposed Ground

Coverage area

62796.17 38.70

2. Proposed Future

Ground Coverage

area

63777.67 39.30

3. Green Belt area 7512.46 4.63

4. Parking 6015.90 3.70

5. Roads and

Pavements

22195.52 13.67

Total 162256.25 100.00

Power Requirement

The total power requirement for the proposed facility will be 6000 KVA and a power back

up of 2 generators each of 3000 KVA capacity will be facilitated.

Water Requirement

The total fresh water requirement for the project is 1078 KLD.

Project cost

The total investment for the proposed project will be approximately Rs. 650 Crores for

various phases, out of which approx. Rs. 250 crores is proposed to be invested during phase-

1 of the project.

DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

Meteorological Environment

For determining the prevailing micro-meteorological conditions during the study period, an

automatic continuous digital weather station was installed at project site. The locations

were chosen such that there is no obstruction to the flow of wind and sunlight. The hourly

meteorological data of wind speed, wind direction and temperature were recorded at the

project site. These frequencies were computed on 8 hourly as well as 24 hourly basis and


EIA REPORT

the corresponding results are used to draw wind rose for 00-08hrs, 08-16 hrs, 16-24 hrs

and 00-24hrs corresponding to study period as shown in subsequent sections. The

predominant wind is from E, SE and ESE to W, NW and WNW during day time (land breeze)

while the predominant wind direction is from W, NW and WNW to E, SE and ESE (sea

breeze) during night time. The wind speed ranges between 7-19 Kmph. The temperature

ranges between 21.7-32.5°C and in extreme cases it can reach up to 37.8°C while the

relative humidity range from 60-91% at project site. The meteorological data collected

during monitoring is used for interpretation of baseline status.

Ambient Air Quality

The mean value of Particulate matter (PM2.5), Particulate matter (PM10), Sulfur dioxide

(SO2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), CO (µg/m3), Pb (µg/m3), O3, NH3, Benzene, Benzo (a) pyrene,

As and Ni at 8 monitoring locations during the AAQ monitoring period is represented in

Table 3.7. The concentration of Particulate matter (PM2.5), Particulate matter (PM10), Sulfur

dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) ranged between 24.42 to 29.71 µg/m3, 50 to 66.14

µg/m3, 15 to 20 µg/m3and 10 to 16.14 µg/m3. The concentrations of CO (µg/m3), Pb

(µg/m3), O3, NH3, Benzene, Benzo (a) pyrene, As and Ni were found to be within BDL at all

sampling stations.

NOISE ENVIRONMENT

Reconnaissance survey was conducted to locate the existing noise generating sources and

identify suitable locations to evaluate background noise levels. The project site is located in

MSEZL of Dakshina Kannada district. The surrounding impact zone of 10 km radial distance

consisting of the rural, urban and industrial areas is marked.

Since the project site is located in MSEZL there are many industries which contribute to

baseline noise levels. The heavy vehicular traffic on state highway NH-17 contributes

significantly to the noise levels in study area. The noise levels in surrounding selected

villages, industrial complexes and junction of the state highways were monitored using a

precision noise level meter. The prevailing ambient noise levels along, the sites were

monitored at 8 locations. The details of noise levels at the monitoring stations are


EIA REPORT

presented in Table 3.10. The field observations during the study period indicate that the

ambient noise levels in the study area were well within the prescribed standards at all the

different noise zones prescribed by CPCB.

WATER ENVIRONMENT

Physico-chemical parameters along with biological indicators of pollution have been

identified for assessing the baseline status of water environment and identification of

impacts due to proposed developmental activities. In order to assess the water quality,

standard methods (IS Standards) were followed for sample collection, preservation and

analysis in the laboratory. The water quality was assessed by various Physiochemical

parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity(µohms/cm), Color (Hazen Unit), Turbidity

(NTU), Total Hardness (mg/l), Calcium (mg/l), Silica (mg/l), Total Alkalinity (mg/l),

Chloride (mg/l), Magnesium (mg/l), Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l), Sulphate (mg/l), Iron

(mg/l), Chromium (mg/l), Lead (mg/l) and Total suspended Solid (mg/l).

Surface water quality

The average pH ranges in between 6.24-7.93, TDS ranges from 25-20800 mg/l, Total

hardness ranges from 11-6240 mg/l, DO ranges from 5.5-6.3 mg/l. The analysis results are

presented in Table 3.13.

Ground Water Quality

The pH of the surface water was alkaline and ranged from 6.09-7.84 across the sampling

stations. The concentration of Total dissolved solids (TDS) ranged between 47-101 mg/l

across the sampling stations. Iron content ranges from 0.03-3.1 mg/l, nitrate content ranges

from BDL (DL 1.0)-44.1 mg/l. The analysis results are presented in Table 3.12.

LAND ENVIRONMENT

Assessment of soil characteristics is of paramount importance since the vegetation growth,

agricultural practices and production is directly related to the soil fertility and quality. It is

observed that the pH of the soil samples ranged from 6.04- 6.96 indicating that the soils are

slightly acidic in nature, conductivity of the soil samples ranged from to 23-142 μS/cm. As

the EC value is less than 2000 μS/cm, the soil is found to be non-saline in nature. The water


EIA REPORT

holding capacity of the soil samples varied from 32.9-46.5 (%).Nitrogen as N value varies

from 0.05-0.13 %. Potassium content ranges from 0.18-0.34% and Phosphorous from 0.02-

0.09%.

LAND USE

The land use distribution is given in the subsequent table.

S.No Land use/Land Cover Classes Area in (Km2) Area in (%)

1. Vegetation 122.05 38.87

2. Land with shrub 17.64 5.62

3. Waste Land 82.64 26.32

4. Bare Soil/Sand 12.99 4.14

5. Built-up Area 26.18 8.34

6. Water body 52.46 16.71

Total 314 100.0

BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

Species such as Cocos nucifera, Acacia ferruginea, Acacia concinna, Acacia nilotica, Bauhinia

recemosa, Bauhinia malabarica, Caesalpina pulcherima, Cassia fistula, Ficus benghalensis,

Ficus religiosa, Jatropha spp., Alangium salvifolium, Hibiscus cannabinus , Aristolochia indica,

Hemidesmus indicus, , Ipomoea angulata, Tylophora asthmatic were observed in the study

area.

SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

The survey team visited different parts of the district viz coastal, urban, rural and

undeveloped areas in the study area. The team interacted with people from different walks

of life, like farmers, fishermen, factory workers, female groups, Village heads and key

persons of the area. The observations are given below:

Employment and Business opportunities have improved.

They welcome industrialization, but not at the cost of the spoiling natural

Resources like water, air, soil etc.


EIA REPORT

The overall literacy rate in the study area is 74.46% which is higher than state

average 57.6%

The employment rate in the study area is 42.71%

Scheduled caste population is 6.39%

Scheduled tribes are 2.41% of total population

In comparison with the demographic profile of study area in 1991, the total

population is almost doubled in 2001, while there is only marginal increase in overall

literacy rate.

Main worker population in the study area is 58883 (42.71%)

Majority of the worker i.e.33089 (56.19%) are engaged as other activities workers

and household is 17303 (29.38%)

There are 5124 (8.70%) and 3367 (5.71%) workers as cultivators and agriculture

worker

ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

Air Environment

Base line data reveals that ambient air quality in the study area for all the parameters are

well within the permissible limits as prescribed by National Ambient Air Quality Standards.

During the operation phase of the project the main sources of emissions will be from the D.G

sets, Reactors and Boiler which are facilitated with stacks of adequate height as an air

pollution control measure.

Noise Environment

Baseline line study showed that the noise levels were within the CPCB standards at all the

sampling stations in the study area. During the operation phase appropriately designed

equipments with noise levels not exceeding beyond the requirements of Occupational

Health and Safety Administration Standard will be employed.

Land Use

Change in the land use is one of the major impact from any developmental project. Since the

proposed facility will be established in the MSEZL that is intended for industrial purpose, no

change in the land use is foreseen.


EIA REPORT

Environmental Monitoring Program

The details of the post project monitoring plan that will be implemented by the proposed

facility are shown below.

S.No Area of

Monitoring

Number of

Sampling Stations

Frequently of

Sampling

Parameters to be Analyzed

1. Meteorology One Hourly and

Daily basis.

Wind speed and direction,

Temperature, Relative

Humidity, Atmospheric

pressure, Rainfall.

2. Ambient Air

Quality

2 Stations Twice a

week:24

hourly period

PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NO2

3. Noise 4 (two within plant

premises and two

outside plant

premises)

Once every

season

Ambient Equivalent

continuous Sound Pressure

Levels (Leq) at day and

Night time.

4. Liquid

Effluents

Main Plant Effluents Weekly pH, Temp, Conductivity, TSS,

TDS, BOD, Phenol.

Sanitary Effluents Monthly pH, TSS, BOD

5. Exhaust

from DG set

Stack of DG set Quarterly PM10, PM2.5, SO2 & CO

6. Vehicular

Emissions

Parking area Periodic

monitoring of

vehicles

Air emission and noise, PCU

7. Solid waste

/ Hazardous

waste

Check conformance

to HWM rules

Quantity and

Quality

monitoring

Periodically

8. Soil Two Locations

within the Project

Yearly Once Physicochemical properties,

Nutrients, Heavy metals


EIA REPORT

Site

9. Terrestrial

Ecology

Within 10km,

around the project

Once in three

years

Symptoms of injuries on

plants

Pollution Control Measures Proposed

The emissions from the reactors will be mitigated by providing adequate stack to the

scrubbers connected to the reactors. The D.G sets will be facilitated with adequate stack

height to disperse the pollutants.

Sewage will be treated through STP. The effluent generated in the plant will be segregated

into high TDS and Low TDS waste water and subsequently the high TDS effluent will be

treated in MEE plant and the low TDS effluent will be subjected to primary and secondary

effluent treatment plant prior to its discharge in the CETP of MSEZL.

Solid/hazardous wastes generated in the plant will be properly disposed.

Budgetary Provisions for EMP

Adequate budgetary provisions will be made by M/s Syngene International Limited for

pollution control, operation, maintenance of pollution control facilities and also execution of

the environmental management plan proposed.

The cost for the environmental pollution control measures is given below.

S.No. Description Cost (Rs)

1) Air Pollution 1.20 Crores

2) Waste Water Treatment MEE- 3.5 Crores, 30 Lakhs-ETP, 26 Lakhs-

STP

3) Green Belt Development 5 Lakhs

PROJECT BENEFITS

The Proposed project aims at setting up a commercial manufacturing unit for the

production of novel chemical entities such as APIs and Intermediates that will play a vital


EIA REPORT

role in the health care sector to treat various diseases and thereby addresses the market

demand.

The products manufactured at this facility will be exported that will aid in adding to the

revenue of the nation.

The corporate social responsibilities that will be taken up by the proposed project will

improve the well being of the society and the corporate responsibilities towards the

protection of the environment will help in conserving the ecosystem.

It will also provide employment opportunities to a larger population.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

This Environmental Impact Assessment report studied the proposed project and assessed

its predicted impacts on land, water, air, soil, biological & socioeconomic environment of the

region. The proposed project was found to be complying with all the environmental, health

and safety standards, and is planning to use efficient equipments and advanced technologies

to reduce its air emission, waste water generation. It is also taking proper care in its

hazardous chemicals and waste handling. It has also laid down solid plans to monitor and

combat any disaster or emergency situation in the project. Other than the above, proposed

project will be bringing in various economical, social and environmental benefits to the

Dakshina Kannada district and to the nation.

With the above benefits, and the environmental and social commitment and readiness of the

project, the environmental impact assessment report strongly affirms and recommends the

proposed project


EIA REPORT

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 About the Project Proponent

Syngene International Limited, a leading custom research and manufacturing organization

was established in 1993 as a subsidiary of Biocon Limited. As a Global pharmaceutical

enterprise it offers a range of services in large molecule development, chemical

development, formulation development, stability studies, polymer research, clinical

development, integrated drug discovery and development to tailor to the outsourced

research requirement of pharmaceutical, biotechnology, agrochemicals, consumer health,

animal health, cosmetic and nutrition companies. It has efficiently provided services to more

than 220 clients across the country to various industrial sectors by leveraging its multi-

disciplinary skills in the field of medicinal chemistry, biology, in vivo pharmacology,

toxicology, custom synthesis, process R&D, cGMP manufacturing, formulation and analytical

development.

1.2 Purpose of the report

The proponent M/s Syngene International Limited has proposed to establish a new

manufacturing facility for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Intermediates (Pharma/Non-

Pharma) and Agrochemicals at plot nos- IP-39, IP-46 & IP-60, Kalavar Village, Kalavar Post,

Mangalore Taluk, Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka located within MSEZL.

The project falls under Schedule f Synthetic organic chemicals industry under Category B as per E)A Notification requiring E)A studies of the project. The facility requires prior Environmental Clearance from State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority

(SEIAA), Karnataka before commencing onsite activities. The application along with

relevant project documents was submitted to SEIAA, Karnataka on 22.09.2015. Based on the

information furnished and the presentation done before the State Expert Appraisal

Committee Members, the proposal was appraised in the 150th SEAC meeting held on

07.10.2015 and was issued the Terms of Reference (ToR) for preparing Environmental

Impact Assessment (EIA) Report vide Letter No. SEIAA/F.No- SEIAA 27 IND 2015 dated

28.10.2015 which is enclosed as Annexure-1.


EIA REPORT

In order to address the nature and extent of significant environmental impacts both

negative and positive during the construction and operation phase of the proposed project,

M/s Syngene International Limited has appointed NABET certified Environmental

Consultant M/s Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt. Ltd., Chennai to conduct Environmental

Impact Assessment Study as per the ToR accorded by SEIAA.

1.3 Brief Description of the Project

Syngene International Limited proposes to set up its new plant at MSEZL, Kalavar Village,

Mangalore Taluk, Dakshina Kannada District. The proposed facility will implement the

proven technologies in the R&D to manufacture APIs, Intermediates- Pharma/Non-Pharma

and agrochemicals, involving a series of chemical reactions and processes.

M/s Syngene International Limited has acquired a total land area of 40.07 acres in the

MSEZL, Kalavar Village, Mangalore taluk, Dakshina Kannada District. The proposed site falls

in the Latitude: 12°58'55.37"N, and Longitude: 74°51'35.38"E. The project site is located

adjacent to MSEZ corridor road and 5.9 Km away from NH-17 Edapally-Panaval Highway.

1.4 Scope of the study – details of regulatory scoping carried out

The following Acts and Rules are applicable to the proposed project:

a. Environmental Impact Assessment Notification 2006 and its amendments

b. The Manufacture Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules,1989 and

its amendments

c. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,1974 and its

amendments

d. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,1981and its amendments

e. The Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary

movement) Rules,2008 and its amendments

f. The Environmental Protection Act 1986 and its amendments

g. The Noise Pollution (Regulation and control) rules, 2000

h. The Factories Act 1950 and its amendments

i. The Explosive Act,1884


EIA REPORT

j. The Drugs and Cosmetic Act, 1940

k. The Indian Boiler Act, 1923

l. The Central motor vehicles act, 1988

The details of Acts and Rules with applicability to the proposed project are given in Table

1.1.

Table 1-1 Applicable Acts and Rules

S.No Act and Rules

applicable

Purpose Objective Applicability

1. EIA

Notification

2006 and its

amendments.

New projects, Expansion

modernization, change of

product mix of the existing

project

Protection and

Improvement

of the

Environment

As the proposal

is for new

project

scheduled

under category

5(f),

Environmental

clearance from

Ministry of

Environment,

Forest &

Climate Change

is applicable


EIA REPORT

S.No Act and Rules

applicable


2. The

Manufacture,

Storage and

Import of

Hazardous

Chemicals

Rules, 1989

and its

amendments

Handling of Hazardous

Chemicals

Regulate the

manufacture,

storage and

import of

Hazardous

Chemicals

Preparation/

update of On-

site Emergency

Preparedness

Plan and

submission to

Factory

inspectorate.

Preparation/

update of

Safety Report

and submit to

Factory

inspectorate.

Preparation of

Material Safety

Data Sheet.

3. The Water

(Prevention

and Control of

Pollution) Act,

1974 and its

amendments.


modernization, change of


project,

Existing plants

Prevention,

control and

abatement of

water pollution

Consent to

Establish and

Consent to

Operate from

State Pollution

Control Board

to be obtained

for expansion

and new

product


EIA REPORT

S.No Act and Rules

applicable


4. The Air

(Prevention

and Control of

Pollution) Act,

1981 and its

amendments.


/modernization, change of


project, Existing industries

Prevention,

control and

abatement of

air pollution

Consent to

Establish and

Consent to

Operate from

State Pollution

Control Board

to be obtained

for expansion

and new

product

5. The Hazardous

waste

(Management,

Handling and

Transboundar

y Movement

Rules) 2008

and its

amendments.

Management, Handling

and Transboundary

Movement of Hazardous

waste

Prevention,

Control and

abatement of

pollution

Hazardous

waste

Authorization

from State

Pollution

Control Board

to be obtained

6. The

Environmental

(Protection)Ac

t,1986 and its

Amendments

New projects,

Expansion/modernization

change of product mix of

the existing project,

Existing industries

Protection and

Improvement

of the

Environment

Environmental

Standards as

specified are to

be complied.

Submission of

Environment

Statement on

yearly basis to

KSPCB


EIA REPORT

S.No Act and Rules

applicable


7. The Noise

Pollution

(Regulation

and Control)

Rules, 2000

New projects,




Existing industries

To protect the

workers and

public from

noise related

problems

Noise control

measure.

Comply with

Noise

standards and

submission of

monthly report

to KSPCB

8. The Factories

Act 1948 and

its

amendments.

New projects,




Existing industries

Control of

workplace

environment,

and providing

for good health

and safety of

workers

Factory License

from Factory

inspectorate.

9. The Explosive

Act, 1884

New projects,




Existing industries

Production,

Storage and

import of

explosive

substance in

and around the

project and

provides the

regulations for

the safety and

environmental

measures

Safety

measures are

complied for

the storage of

chemicals in

the plant as per

PESO

guidelines.


EIA REPORT

S.No Act and Rules

applicable


10. The Central

Motor Vehicle

Act, 1988

New projects,




Existing industries

Check the

pollution load

of vehicles

inside the plant

Adequate

environmental

measures are

put in place to

check the

vehicular

emissions.

1.5 Methodology adopted for the Study

An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an assessment of the possible impact,

whether positive or negative, that a proposed project may have on the environment, together consisting of the natural, social and economic aspects, i.e., aiming at Sustainable Development due to the project activities. 1.6 Objectives of this EIA Report

To ensure environmental considerations are explicitly addressed and

incorporated into the development decision-making process.

To anticipate and avoid, minimize or offset the adverse significant biophysical,

social and other relevant effects of the above project proposal.

To protect the productivity and capacity of natural systems and the ecological

processes which maintain their respective functions

To promote development that is sustainable and optimizes resource use as

well as management opportunities.

To fully recognize the scope and requirements of the TOR and comply with

the same.

1.7 Structure of EIA Report

The generic structure of the Environmental Impact Assessment study report is as follows:


EIA REPORT

Introduction

Project Description

Description of the Environment-Present scenario of the land, air, water, ecology,

socio-economic environment

Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation measures

Environmental Monitoring Plan

Additional Studies-Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan

Project Benefits

Summary and Conclusion

1.8 EIA Process

The EIA process followed for this EIA report is composed of the following stages:

Study of project information

Screening & Scoping

Environmental pre-feasibility study & application for approval of ToR

Collection of detailed project management plan/report

Baseline data collection

Impact identification, Prediction & Evaluation

Mitigation measures & delineation of EMP

Risk assessment and safety & disaster management plan

Review & finalization of EIA Report based on the ToR requirements.

Submission of EIA report for implementation of mitigation measures & EMP as well

as necessary clearances from relevant Authority.


EIA REPORT

2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Type of Project

M/s Syngene International Limited proposes to establish a new facility for the manufacture

of Active Pharmaceuticals Intermediates (APIs), Intermediates (Pharma/Non-Pharma) and

Agrochemicals in the Mangalore Special Economic Zone Limited (MSEZL) at Kalavar Village,

Mangalore Taluk, Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka. The present proposal falls under the schedule f Synthetic Organic Chemicals , Category- B as per the E)A Notification dated September 14, 2006 and its amendments.

2.2 Need for the project

With the world s ever-growing alarming population and increasing market demand

worldwide for healthcare solutions to prevent/treat diseases, the Indian Pharmaceutical

Industry stands as the third largest globally in terms of volume. Indian Pharmaceutical

Industry is involved in exporting drug intermediates, APIs, Finished dosage formulations,

biopharmaceuticals and clinical services across the globe. Innovative scientific research and

development (R&D), modern scientific and technological advances primarily focuses on the

discovery and development of medicines with improved therapeutic activity, increased

yield, reduced side effects and decreased waste generation.

In line with the make in India initiative Syngene International Limited proposes to set up a

commercial manufacturing complex for production and export of Novel chemical entities-

Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Intermediates (Pharma/ Non-Pharma) and

Agrochemicals at 40.07 Acres of land of project site.

To address the growing demand, Syngene International Limited, a fully integrated,

innovation-driven biopharmaceutical enterprise, with its exceptionally well developed

research platform, highly qualified Indian scientific manpower and innovative scientific

solutions, has proposed a project envisaged in manufacturing API, Intermediates- Pharma

/Non-Pharma and Agrochemicals that are complex, chemistry based molecules from pilot

scale to commercial scale and delivering services that are of high quality standard,


EIA REPORT

innovative, productive and affordable to meet the current and the future needs. It is also

expected to provide employment to a large population.

2.3 Location of the Project Site

The site for the proposed project is situated at survey No.s 5/7(P), 5/8A(P), 5/8B, 5/8C(P),

5/10(P), 6/1(P), 6/3(P), 7/1(P),7/2, 7/3(P), 8/1C(P), 10/1, 10/2, 10/3, 10/4A(P), 10/5,

10/6, 10/7(P), 10/8, 10/9, 10/10A(P), 10/11(P), 10/12(P), 10/13(P), 11/1(P), 11/2(P),

11/3, 11/4, 11/5, 11/6, 11/9, 11/10, 12/5(P), 12/6(P), 12/11(P), 12/12(P), 13/1, 13/2(P),

13/3, 13/4, 13/5, 13/6, 14/4(P), 14/5(P), 14/6(P), 14/7(P), 14/8, 14/9, 15/1(P), 15/2A,

15/2B(P), 15/2C(P), 15/2D(P), 15/2E, 17/8(P), 17/13(P), 17/22(P), 17/23(P), 17/25(P),

98/1(P), 98/2(P), 99/1(P), 99/2(P), 100(P), MSEZL, Kalavar Village, Mangalore Taluk

Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka state. Mangalore SEZL is facilitating the entire

infrastructure like road connectivity, graded plots, water infrastructure, Waste water

collection system, solid waste management system, green belt development etc.

The MoU agreement signed by Syngene International Limited with Mangalore SEZ for

leasing 40.07 acres of land from Mangalore SEZL for setting up the project is enclosed as

Annexure-2. The letter from MOEF&CC regarding change in land use pattern of MSEZL to

Multi Product Units along with Petrochemical and Downstream Petrochemicals unit, dated

18th June, 2015 is attached as Annexure-3. The latitude and longitude for the proposed site

are 12°58'55.37"N, 74°51'35.38"E respectively.

Table 2-1 Site coordinates

S.No Site Co-ordinates Direction

1. 12°59'2.41"N, 74°51'29.11"E North

2. 12°58'46.32"N, 74°51'28.26"E South

3. 12°58'50.68"N, 74°51'50.19"E East

4. 12°58'54.04"N, 74°51'51.30"E West


EIA REPORT

The salient Features of the project site are represented in the following table 2.2:

Table 2-2 Site Salient Features


1) Name of the Project Syngene International Limited-New Active

Pharmaceuticals Ingredients, Intermediates (Pharma/

Non-Pharma) and Agrochemicals Manufacturing Unit

2) Total Land Area 40.07 acres

3) Nearest Village Kalavar (0.8 Km towards West)

4) Nearest Railway station Thokkur railway Station-3.4 Km

Surathkal railway station-at about 4.8 Km towards

NW

5) Highway NH-17 Edapally-Panawal at about 6 Km on west

6) Airport Bajpe (Mangalore) at about 3.5 Km in the south east

direction

7) Sea Port NMPT, Mangalore at about 6.4 Km towards SW

8) Forest/Wildlife Sanctuary Pilikula Nisarga Dhama (Biological Park)

9) Project Site A total land area of 40.07 acres leased for the

proposed manufacturing facility is in possession of

Mangalore SEZL, notified by Ministry of Commerce &

Industries

The satellite image showing the project site and the map indicating the proposed site are

represented in Figure 2.1. The Google map covering 10 Km radius around the project area

is given in Figure 2.2. The site master plan of MSEZL and the plot plan of Syngene

International Limited are represented in Figure 2.3 and Figure 2.4 and enclosed as

Annexure-4 and Annexure-5.


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Figure 2-1 Location Map of the Project Site


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Figure 2-2 Satellite Image of the Project Site (10 Km Radius)

Figure 2-3 MSEZL Site Master Plan Showing the proposed site

SYNGENE

INTERNATIONAL

LIMITED


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Figure 2.3 Layout of the project site

Northern Side Western Side


EIA REPORT

Eastern Side Southern Side

Figure 2-4 Site Photos

2.4 Size or Magnitude of operation

The proposed facility is for manufacturing APIs, Intermediates and Agrochemicals. The

details of proposed products and capacities are given in Table 2.3.

Table 2-3 Details of Proposed products and capacities

S.No Product Names

Quantity(TPA)

Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients

1. SAPI 01 Elobixibat 6

2. SAPI 02 ACH3102 1

3. SAPI 03 ACH3422 2

4. SAPI 04 AQX1125 2

5. SAPI 05 Dibenzofuran boronate ester 9

6. SAPI 06 CR5658 2

7. SAPI 07 SNS-4229 pyrazine 3

8. SAPI 08 DNDI-0690 Step-5 3

9. SAPI 09 CR4056 6

10. SAPI 10 CR6320 3

11. SAPI 11 APR-246 3

12. SAPI 12 ACH-0144471 4


EIA REPORT

S.No Product Names

Quantity(TPA)

13. SAPI 13 DNDI-8219 9

14. SAPI 14 G510037 3

15. SAPI 15 Butanoic Acid 3

16. SAPI 16 Oxathiepine carboxylate derivative 3

17. SAPI 17 PF-114 Mesylate 6

18. SAPI 18 Quinoline derivative 3

19. SAPI 19 EC0475 4

20. SAPI 20 Cyclene ester 4

21. SAPI 21 Hydroxymethyl trihydrofuran 9

22. SAPI 22 Indolpiperidone carboxylate 2

23. SAPI 23 Methylpyrrolidine hydrochloride 4

24. SAPI 24 Methoxyphenyl oxetane 4

TOTAL 98

INTERMEDIATES- Pharma /Non-Pharma

1. SINT 01 Carboxamide 7

2. SINT 02 Pyrazole carboxieamide dimer 10

3. SINT 03 Acetyl-L-Alaninate 30

4. SINT 04 CR4056 3

5. SINT 05 BCX2501 10

6. SINT 06 BCX2502 20

7. SINT 07 CR6320 3

8. SINT 08 Benzyl chloro pyrimidine derivative 10

9. SINT 09 CR4056 20

10. SINT 10 DNDI-8219 5

11. SINT 11 Acetamide Tetrahydrobenzothiadizepene

10

12. SINT 12 DNDI-0690 20

13. SINT 13 Tetramethyl Hydopyran 5

14. SINT 14 Pyran-3-Carboxamide 10

15. SINT 15 Moc-Val-Pro 30

16. SINT 16 Aniline Derivative 5

17. SINT 17 Dibromo pyrazine 10

18. SINT 18 Boc Pyrolidine 30

19. SINT 19 Tetrahydrobenzothiadizepene acetate 5


EIA REPORT

S.No Product Names

Quantity(TPA)

20. SINT 20 Itaconic acid ester 10

21. SINT 21 Allyl derivative 10

22. SINT 22 Benzyl indanone 7

23. SINT 23 Indanone derivative 10

24. SINT 24 Isophthalate derivative 10

TOTAL 290

Agro Chemicals

1. SAIG 01 Q8U80 100

2. SAIG 02 MOAT 100

3. SAIG 03 RAB55 15

4. SAIG 04 RDS63 15

5. SAIG 05 AB01 15

6. SAIG 06 RON94 20

7. SAIG 07 QEK31 20

8. SAIG 08 SNG59 20

9. SAIG 09 F4106 15

Total 320

2.5 Details of Alternative sites considered

Syngene International Limited has made an MoU agreement with Mangalore SEZL for a land

area of 40.07 acres, located within the industrial area where other industrial activities have

already been established and some are yet to come up. It is provided with sufficient water

and power supply. It has well established infrastructure, transportation and communication

networks. The site is well connected to national highway, NMPT- a well established harbor

and airport. Therefore there is no need for the consideration of an alternative site.

2.6 Project Cost

The total investment proposed for the site is approximately Rs. 650 Crores (USD 100

Million) in various phases to ensure adequate match and time-gap between projected

investment and revenue accretion. In Phase I of the project, an investment of approximately

Rs. 250crores excluding the land and the other site development requirements will be made.


EIA REPORT

2.7 Process Description

The process details of all the products are attached as Annexure-6.

2.8 Resource Requirements

2.8.1 Raw materials

The list of raw materials and MSDS are provided as Annexure-7 and Annexure-8. List of

solvents and tank details are given below table 2-4.

Table 2-4 List of Solvents

Sl.

No

Ta

nk Contents

Volume

(KL)

Height

(H)

Diameter

(D)

Flowrate(m3

/Hr)

Velocity(

m/s)

1 T1 IsopropylAlcohol 25 3.58 2.98 10 1.2

2 T2 Cyclohexane 25 3.58 2.98 10 1.2

3 T3 Acetone 25 3.58 2.98 10 1.2

4 T4 DichloroMethane 25 3.58 2.98 10 1.2

5 T5 DichloroMethane 25 3.58 2.98 10 1.2

6 T6 Methanol 50 4.51 3.76 10 1.2

7 T7 THF 50 4.51 3.76 10 1.2

8 T8 N-Heptane 50 4.51 3.76 10 1.2

9 T9 Toluene 50 4.51 3.76 10 1.2

10 T10 EthylAcetate 50 4.51 3.76 10 1.2

As per the standard philosophy and as per the solvent used equipments/reactors will be

provided with primary condenser, Secondary condenser and sub coolers as needed to

control VOC. Solvent recovery plan is attached as Annexure – 14.

2.8.2 Land Requirement

The total area occupied by Syngene International Limited for the proposed manufacturing

facility is 162256.25Sqm. The land use breakup of the industry is as given in Table 2.5.

Table 2-5 Land use break up details

S.No. Component Area in Sq.m Area in %

1. Proposed Ground

Coverage area

62796.17 38.70


EIA REPORT

2. Proposed Future

Ground Coverage

area

63777.67 39.30

3. Green Belt area 7512.46 4.63

4. Parking 6015.90 3.70

5. Roads and

Pavements

22195.52 13.67

Total 162256.25 100.00

2.8.3 Water Requirement

The total quantity of water required for the proposed project is 1078 KLD. This water

requirement is met by MSEZL from Nethravathi and Gurupur river. The break up

consumption of water is presented in Table 2.6.

Table 2-6 Water Consumption for the Project

S.No. Requirement Quantity (KLD)

API Intermediates -

Pharma /Non-

Pharma

Agrochemicals

1 Process 40 32 9

2 Washing 35 26 6

3 Domestic 28 9

4 Boiler feed 173

5 Cooling tower 720

6 Green Belt 33

Total (API + Intermediate

+Agrochemicals)

1111

Total Fresh water

requirement

1078


EIA REPORT

2.8.4 Power Requirement

The power required for the project will be sourced from MSEZ. DG sets will act as the

standby facilities and will be utilized in case of power failures. The details of power

requirement and backup power facilities are given in Table 2.7.

Table 2-7 Power and Energy Requirement

Details Capacity Source

Power Requirement 6000 kvA MSEZ

Power Back Up 2 generators each of 3000 kvA

capacity

DG

Furnace Oil fired

boiler

10, 000 kg/hr HPCL, BPCL

2.8.5 Manpower Requirement

The Total manpower requirement is 811, out of that 622 personnel will be hired for API and

Intermediates and 189 personnel for agrochemicals unit.

2.8.6 Infrastructure facilities during construction & operation Phase

The sanitation and restroom are provided to the labor force during the construction phase.

During operation phase the office room, rest room and canteen are provided to the

employees. The site layout plan is attached in annexure 4 for the location.

2.9 Pollution Control Measures Proposed

2.9.1 Air Pollution & Fugitive Emission Control

The major air pollution sources from the industry are DG sets, boilers and reactors. The DG

set and boiler sources are provided with stacks of adequate height so as to disperse the

emanating flue gases containing suspended particulate matter, oxides of sulfur and nitrogen

without affecting the ground level concentrations. The emissions generated from the

reactors are scrubbed out by wet scrubbers. The source of emission, capacity and the

various Air Pollution Control (APC) measures taken are listed in the Table-2.8.


EIA REPORT

The Scrubber are attached to control the fugitive emissions & the details are attached in

Annexure -12, the process flow diagram is enclosed in Annexure-13.

Table 2-8 Air Pollution Control Measures

2.9.2 Odour Control

To odour has been controlled with proper mitigative measures. One of the scrubber details

are enclosed in Annexure -12.

2.9.3 Noise Pollution

The major source of noise pollution in the industry is DG sets, boilers and reactors. DG sets

are provided with integral acoustic enclosures. Also the ambient noise levels will be ensured

within the ambient standards by inbuilt design of mechanical equipment and buildings

apart from vegetation along the periphery and at various locations within the industry

premises. The plant will be specifically designed with due consideration on minimizing

noise pollution. Higher noise levels will be felt only near the active working areas and

therefore the workers are provided with personal protective equipment as a safety

measure.

Emission

sources

No s /Capacity APC measures

Boiler 1 Nos (10000 kg/hr) –

Working

1 Nos ( 10000 kg/hr) –

Standby

30 m Stack

DG 3000 kVA x 2 Nos 20m x 2 Stack

Reactors Pharma and Intermediates

- 41Reactors

Agro Chemicals/Non-

Pharma - 21 Reactors

Wet scrubber

API, Intermediates-

Pharma /Non-Pharma –

8 Scrubbers

Agro Chemicals- 4

Scrubbers


EIA REPORT

2.9.4 Waste Water treatment and Disposal Details

The high TDS Effluent generated from the process will be subjected to MEE Plant for

treatment and the low TDS effluent will undergo primary and secondary treatment prior to

its disposal to the Common Effluent Treatment Plant of MSEZL.

Sewage will be treated through STP and recycled for green belt development. The source of

waste water, treatment methods and the final disposal of each type of wastewater generated

is appended in the Table-2.9.

Table 2-9 Wastewater Effluent

S.No. Effluent Source Discharge

KLD

Total Treatment

Units

Final

Disposal

point

1 Domestic API 28 37 STP Recycled

to green

belt

Non-API 9

2 Industrial-

High TDS

API 51.7 113.13 MEE

&

ETP

(Primary

and

Secondary)

CETP of

MSEZL

Intermediates 23.3

Agrochemicals 38.13

3 Industrial-

Low TDS

API 35.01 66.76

Pharma /Non-

Pharma

5.7

Agrochemicals 26.04

The MEE, ETP and STP process flow diagrams along with their specifications are attached as

Annexure-9.

2.9.5 Hazardous and Solid waste Management

2.9.5.1 Solid waste management

The source of Municipal solid waste in the industry will be from the domestic use. The

details are given in the following Table 2.10 and 2.11.


EIA REPORT

Table 2-10 Municipal Solid Waste during Construction Phase

Type Quantity Kg/day Disposal

Organic 40.5 MSEZL

Inorganic 49.5 MSEZL

Table 2-11 Municipal Solid Waste during operation Phase

Type Unit (Kg/day) Disposal

API Agro

Chemicals

Organic 125 38 Organic Waste

converter

Sewage sludge 11 Organic Waste

converter

Inorganic 154 47 Authorized

vendor

Total 375

As per CPCB guidelines: MSW per capita/day =0.45

Total Municipal Solid Waste Generated during the operation phase is 375 Kg/day.

2.9.5.2 Hazardous waste Management

The various hazardous waste generated from the process are spent catalyst, spent solvent,

process residues, chemical sludge from the effluent treatment plant and discarded bags

from the raw materials section. This will be stored in a separate hazardous waste storage

area and are disposed off by giving it to the authorized vendors within a stipulated period of

time. The type of hazardous waste and the quantity generated are detailed in the Table-

2.12.

Hazardous waste materials will be properly disposed as per the Hazardous Wastes

(Management, Handling and transboundary Movement) Rules 2008.


EIA REPORT

Table 2-12 Hazardous waste

Unit Spent

Solvent

TPD

Process residues

(includes Celite)

TPD

Spent

Catalyst

TPD

ETP

Sludge

TPA

HDPE drums, MS

drums, Fiber

Drums,

Corrugated

sheets

API 40.1 1.2 0.008

15 40,000(No.s)

Intermediates 94.1 1.25 0.06

Agro

Chemical

9.05 0 0.026

Total 143.25 2.45 0.094

Table 2-13 List of Major Industries found within the 10 Km radius study are

S.No. Industries

1 M/s Mangalore Chemicals & Fertilizers Limited, Panambur

2 M/s Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited, Baikampady

3 M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Panambur

4 BASF India Ltd., Surathkal

5 M/s ELF Gas India Limited, Baikampady

6 KISCO (Kudremukh Iron and Steel Co) Panambur

7 KIOCL (Kudremukh Iron Ore Company Ltd.)

8 Mangalore Refinery & Petrochemicals Ltd (MRPL), Kuthethur

9 New Mangalore Port Trust

10 Sequent Scientific Ltd. Baikampady

11 Ruchisoya Industries Ltd., Baikampady

12 Rajashri Packagers Pvt. Ltd., Baikampady


EIA REPORT

3 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

3.1 Introduction

3.1.1 Objective

A comprehensive study on the pre-project status of various environmental components viz.,

air, water, noise, soil, hydro geological, land use patterns, ecological, socio-economical,

climate and atmospheric conditions has been conducted prior to implementation of the

proposed project. The primary baseline data has been collected from environmental

monitoring surveys carried out from 3rd week of October to 3rd week of January during the

Post-monsoon season at the 8 selected locations. The understanding towards the prevailing

environmental conditions in the surrounding study area will aid in assessing the possible

significant impacts on the existing environment near the vicinity of the project location and

thereby helps in adopting suitable mitigation measures for the protection and the

sustainability of the environment on account of any change deviation in the environment

due to the proposed anthropogenic activity.

3.2 Scope of Baseline Study

An area, encompassing a 10 Km radial distance from the project site is considered as the

study area for the purpose of the baseline studies. The environmental quality status of the

study area prior to initiation of the project will serve as the baseline for anticipating and

superimposing the possible impacts due to the proposed project and to derive the post-

project status of the environment in the project region.

The various environmental attributes monitored for compiling the environmental baseline

data is presented in the Table 3.1. The frequency and monitoring methodology employed

for the various environmental attributes is given in Table 3.2.


EIA REPORT

Table 3-1 Monitoring of various Environmental Attributes

S.No. Attribute Parameter Source of Data

1. Climatology and

Meteorology

Wind speed, wind direction,

relative humidity, rainfall and

temperature

Indian Meteorological

Department and site

specific information

2. Water Quality Physical and chemical Monitored data

Ground water-8 locations

Surface water-8 locations

3. Ambient Air

Quality

PM10, PM2.5, NOx, SO2, NH3, O3,

CO, Pb, Benzene, Benzo (a)

pyrene, Arsenic and Nickel

Monitored data at 8

locations Within 10 Km

radius

4. Noise levels Noise levels in dB Monitored data at 8

locations

5. Ecology Existing terrestrial flora and

fauna within the study area

Primary Field survey

within 10 Km from the

project site and Secondary

sources

6. Geology Geological characteristics Secondary sources

7. Soil Physical and chemical Analysis of 8 soil samples

8. Socio-economic

aspects

Socio-economic characteristics Based on Field Survey and

data collected from

secondary sources

9. Land use Land use change for different

categories

Within 10 Km radius of the

project site-Secondary

sources

(toposheet/satellite

imagery)


EIA REPORT

Table 3-2 Frequency and Monitoring methodologies of environmental parameters Attributes Sampling Measurement

method

Network Frequency

Meteorology

Wind speed, Wind

direction, Relative

humidity, Rainfall,

Temperature

Project site,

Surrounding

area

3 months Weather monitor with

data base

Air Environment

Particulate matter (PM10)

Selected

locations in

the project

study area

24 hourly-twice a

week for three

Months in non-

monsoon season

As per CPCB standards

under 18th November

2009 Notification for

National Ambient Air

Quality Standards

(NAAQS)

Particulate matter

(PM2.5)

Oxides of Sulfur

(SO2)

Oxides of Nitrogen

(NOx)

Total Volatile organic

compounds

Hydrocarbons

Benzene

Benzo (a) Pyrene

Lead

Arsenic (As)

Nickel (Ni)

Ammonia (NH3)

Ozone (O3)

Carbon monoxide

Attributes Sampling Measurement

method

Network Frequency

Water Environment


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Parameters for water

quality: pH, temp,

turbidity, Total hardness,

total alkalinity, chloride,

sulphate, nitrate, fluoride,

sodium, potassium,

Electrical Conductivity,

Ammonical nitrogen,

Nitrate-Nitrogen total

phosphorus, BOD, COD,

Calcium, Magnesium,

Total Dissolved Solids,

Total Suspended Solids

Set of grab

samples at

requisite

locations for

ground and

surface water

Once

Samples for water

quality collected and

analyzed as per IS :

2488 (Part 1-5)

methods for sampling

and testing of

Industrial effluents

Standard methods for

examination of water

and wastewater

analysis published by

American Public

Health Association.

Soil Environment

Parameter for soil quality:

pH, texture, electrical

conductivity, organic

matter, nitrogen,

phosphate, sodium,

calcium, potassium and

Magnesium.

Requisite soil

samples be

collected as

per BIS

specification

within project

influence area

Once

Biological Environment


EIA REPORT

Terrestrial and Aquatic

Flora and Fauna

Requisite

locations in

the project

influence area

Once

Noise Environment

Noise levels Requisite

locations in

the project

influence area

Once

Instrument: Noise

level meter

3.3 Micrometeorology

The study of micro-meteorological conditions in the study area during air quality study

period is of utmost importance in order to understand the variations in ambient air quality

status in study region. The prevailing micrometeorology at project site plays a crucial role in

transport and dispersion of air pollutants released from the plant. The principal variables

are horizontal transport and dispersion (average wind speed and directions), convective

transport and vertical mixing (atmospheric stability) and also topography of the area as

local influences.

For determining the prevailing micro-meteorological conditions during the study period, an

automatic continuous digital weather station was installed at project site. The location is

chosen such that there is no obstruction to the flow of wind and sunlight. The hourly

meteorological data of wind speed, wind direction, temperature and solar radiation were

recorded at the project site. These frequencies were computed on 8 hourly as well as 24

hourly basis and the corresponding results are used to draw wind rose for 00-08hrs, 08-16

hrs, 16-24 hrs and 00-24hrs corresponding to study period as shown in subsequent

sections.


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3.3.1 Wind direction and wind direction

Figure 3.1, Wind distribution pattern depicts that the predominant wind is from E, SE and

ESE to W, NW and WNW during day time (land breeze) while the predominant wind

direction is from W, NW and WNW to E, SE and ESE (sea breeze) during night time.

From Figure 3.2 in the wind rose diagram plotted for annual data obtained from IMD, it can

be observed that the wind speed ranges from 8-17 kmph. The predominant wind directions

during all the months of the year are tabulated in Table 3.3.

Table 3-3 Wind Direction

(IMD Source)


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Figure 3-1 Wind direction distribution pattern

(Source-Wind finder- Annual data)

Day Time Night Time

Figure 3-2 Wind rose diagram of Dakshina Kannada

3.3.2 Temperature

Table 3.4 shows that monthly mean of daily maximum temperature ranges from 28.5 to

32.5°C and monthly mean daily minimum varies from 21.7 to 24.5°C. Extreme highest

temperature is observed in different months varying from 31.7°C in September to 37.8°C in


EIA REPORT

February while the monthly extreme lowest varies from 16.7°C in December, January and

February to 20.6°C in July and August.

Table 3-4 Temperature and Relative Humidity data

Source: IMD-Dakshina Kannada Bajpe

3.3.3 Relative Humidity

Monthly mean humidity varies from 69% in December to 91% in July and August during the

day time. It ranges from 61% in January to 88% in July.

3.3.4 Rainfall

78% of the total annual rainfall will be observed in the months of June to August, 16% in

September to November and remaining 6% in the months of December to May.

3.4 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

The major objective of baseline air monitoring is to evaluate the existing air quality of the

area. Formulation of baseline Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) data of the study area occupies a

significant role in the Environmental Impact Assessment studies in assessing the conformity

to standards of the ambient air quality during the construction and operation of the

proposed project.


EIA REPORT

3.4.1 Reconnaissance

The predominant monsoon winds persisting in India dictates the transport and dispersion

of air pollutants during different seasons. As per the climatological conditions prevailing in

India, the seasons accounted for carrying out air pollution studies are winter, summer and

post-monsoon seasons.

A preliminary survey was conducted at 8 AAQM locations (within the radius of 10 Kms) that

were chosen based on the well-designed ambient air quality stations network. The baseline

status of air environment has been assessed through ambient air quality monitoring

(AAQM) network covering 8 sampling locations considered based on the following criteria:

Micrometeorological conditions-Persistence of wind direction and speed,

atmospheric stability

Predominant upwind and downwind directions

Identification of regional background

Location of industries, their emission magnitude and topography of the study

area.

Determination of sensitive receptors such as hospitals, schools, thickly populated

residential localities.

Consideration of all the major conventional air pollution parameters as per latest

NAAQS(National Ambient Air Quality Standards)

An intensive monitoring was carried out as per CPCB guidelines (twice a week sampling and

24 hour continuous sampling) to generate the baseline monitoring status of air environment

within the study area during the period of October 2015 to January 2016. The ambient air quality has been monitored for all the parameters as per NAAQ S notified on 16th September, 2009. The major air pollutants monitored on 24 hourly basis

are, Particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5 µg/m3), Sulfur dioxide and oxides of Nitrogen.

Sampling and analysis of the above variables is according to the guidelines of Central

Pollution Control Board. The details of sampling locations selected for ambient air quality


EIA REPORT

monitoring and their distances and directions from the plant site are presented in Table 3.5

and Figure 3.3.

Figure 3-3 Map Showing AAQ Monitoring Locations in study area (10 Km Radius)


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Table 3-5 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations

S.No. Sampling

Stations

Samples Geographical

Coordinates

Direction

with

respect to

site

Aerial

distance

from the

site in

(Km)

Environmental

Setting

1 Project site AAQ1 Lat- N 12ᵒ58'58.8"

Long- E 074ᵒ51'31.7"

--- --- Industrial Area

2 Baikampady AAQ2 Lat- N 12°56'51.4"

Long- E 74°49'17.6"

SW 5.60 Industrial Area

3 Hosabettu AAQ3 Lat- N 12ᵒ58'23.2"

Long- E 074ᵒ48'38.0"

W 4.76 Residential Area

4 Paduperar AAQ4 Lat- N 12ᵒ58'58.2"

Long- E 074ᵒ54'18.8"

E 5.10 Residential Area

5 Kateel Yekkar AAQ5 Lat- N 13ᵒ01'39.6"

Long- E 074ᵒ52'01.8"

NE 6.40 Residential Area

6 Kalavar AAQ6 Lat- N 12ᵒ58'44.6"

Long- E 074ᵒ51'13.7"


7 Kuttethur AAQ7 Lat- N 13ᵒ00'19.3"

Long- E 074ᵒ50'53.2"


8 Permude AAQ8 Lat- N 13ᵒ00'06.8"

Long- E 074ᵒ52'53.8"

E 3.00 Residential Area


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PROJECT SITE HOSABETTU

PADUPERAR KATEEL

KALAVAR PERMUDE

Figure 3-4 Photographs of monitoring at the site


EIA REPORT

3.4.2 Baseline Status

National Ambient Air Quality Standards and test methods are given in Table 3.6.

Table 3-6Test Methods used for the analysis of Ambient Air Quality Parameters

S.No. Pollutants Analytical method

NAAQ Standards: 2009

Time

Weighted

Average

Concentration in

Ambient air-

Industrial,

Residential, Rural

and Other Areas

1 Sulfur Dioxide

(SO2 , μg/m3

IS:5182(Part-2):2001

(Reaff:2006)

Annual

24 Hours

50

80

2 Nitrogen Dioxide

(NO2 , μg/m3

IS: 5182 (Part - 6):

2006

Annual

24 Hours

40

80

3 Particulate Matter PM . , μg/m3

IS: 5182 (Part - 23):

2006

Annual

24 Hours

40

100

4 Particulate Matter PM , μg/m3

HECS/AIR/Ambient/S

OP011

Annual

24 Hours

60

60

5 CO μg/m3 IS:5182(Part–10):1999

(Reaff:2006)

8 Hours

1 Hour

2

4

6 Pb μg/m3 IS:5182(Part–22):2004

(Reaff:2006)

Annual

24 Hours

0.5

1.0

7 O , μg/m3 HECS/AIR/Ambient/S

OP013

8 Hours

1 Hour

100

180

8 N( , μg/m3 HECS/AIR/Ambient/S

OP012

Annual

24 Hours

100

400

9 Benzene, μg/m3 IS:5182(Part–11):1999

(RA:2009)

Annual 5


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S.No. Pollutants Analytical method

NAAQ Standards: 2009

Time

Weighted

Average

Concentration in

Ambient air-

Industrial,

Residential, Rural

and Other Areas

10 Benzo (a) pyrene,

ng/m3

IS:5182(Part–

12):2004(RA:2009)

Annual 1

11 Arsenic, ng/ m3 HECS/AIR/Ambient/S

OP014

Annual 6

12 Nickel, ng/ m3 HECS/AIR/Ambient/S

OP007

Annual 20

G.S.No.826 (E) dated 16th November, 2009. Vide letter no. F. No. Q-15017/43/2007-CPW

*Annual Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year at a particular site taken

twice in a week 24 hourly at uniform interval.

**24 hourly/8/1 hourly monitored values as applicable, shall be complied with 98 percent of

the time in a year.2% of time they may be exceeded the limits but not on two consecutive days

of monitoring.

3.4.3 Results and Observations

The existing baseline levels of Particulate matter (PM2.5), Particulate matter (PM10), Sulfur

dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), CO (µg/m3), Pb (µg/m3), O3, NH3, Benzene, Benzo (a)

pyrene, As and Ni at 8 locations of monitoring were found to be within the permissible

limits during the monitoring period from October to January and are presented in Table

3.7.


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Table 3-71 Average Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Data (October to January, 2016)

S.No Sampling

Locations

Parameters

SO2

µg/m3

NO2

µg/m3

PM10

µg/m3

PM2.5

µg/m3

CO

μg/m3

Pb

μg/m3

O3

μg/m3

NH3

μg/m3

Benzene

μg/m3

Benzo

(a)

pyrene

ng/m3

As

ng/m3

Ni

ng/m3

1) AAQ1 12 19 65.29 25.85 BDL

(DL1.145)

BDL

(DL0.5)

BDL

(DL10) BDL

(DL10) BDL

(DL 1.0) BDL

(DL0.5) BDL

(DL 1.0) BDL(D

L1.0)

2) AAQ2 16.14 20 72.85 29.71 BDL

(DL1.145)

BDL

(DL0.5) BDL

(DL10)

BDL

(DL10) BDL

(DL 1.0) BDL

(DL0.5) BDL

(DL 1.0) BDL

(DLs1.

0)

3) AAQ3 10 15 51.71 23.57 BDL

(DL1.145)

BDL

(DL0.5) BDL

(DL10) BDL

(DL10) BDL

(DL 1.0) BDL(DL

0.5) BDL(DL

1.0) BDL(D

L 1.0)

4) AAQ4 14 19 66.14 25.42 BDL

(DL1.145)

BDL

(DL0.5) BDL

(DL10) BDL

(DL10) BDL

(DL 1.0) BDL

(DL0.5) BDL

(DL 1.0) BDL(D

L1.0)

5) AAQ5 11.57 16 55.38 25.38 BDL

(DL1.14

5)

BDL

(DL0.5) BDL

(DL

10)

BDL

(DL

10)

BDL

(DL 1.0) BDL

(DL0.5) BDL

(DL 1.0) BDL(D

L1.0)

6) AAQ6 11.53 17 46.85 27.14 BDL

(DL1.145)

BDL

(DL0.5) BDL

(DL10) BDL

(DL10) BDL

(DL 1.0) BDL

(DL0.5) BDL

(DL 1.0) BDL(D

L1.0)

7) AAQ7 12.14 16 51.14 24.42 BDL

(DL1.145)

BDL

(DL0.5) BDL

(DL10) BDL

(DL10) BDL

(DL 1.0) BDL

(DL0.5) BDL

(DL 1.0) BDL(D

L1.0)

8) AAQ8 10.71 15 50 25.99 BDL

(DL1.14

5)

BDL

(DL0.5) BDL

(DL

10)

BDL

(DL

10)

BDL

(DL 1.0) BDL

(DL0.5) BDL

(DL 1.0) BDL

(DL

1.0)


EIA REPORT

3.5 Noise Environment

The noise generated due to operation of individual process units at an industrial project

site cause significant impacts on the surrounding environment including nearby human

habitats. Such operations fall in the category of continuous point sources of noise

generation. There are also some secondary noise sources associated with almost all types

of large scale industrial projects, which are mainly vehicles used for transportation of

materials as well as employees and material handling equipment at the project site.

However, such sources could be categorized as intermittent/continuous noise sources

depending on frequency/intensity.

The prevailing ambient noise level at a particular location is nothing but the resultant

(total) of all kinds of noise sources existing at various distances around that location. The

ambient noise level at a location varies continuously depending on the type of surrounding

activities. The ambient noise levels generally does not reflect any seasonal variation,

however, the weather conditions of wind direction, rain, snow, fog etc., physical conditions

like barrier or any other natural ground variations (Topography) as well as direction of

source play significant role in regulating the noise propagation and ultimately the intensity

of its impact.

The current status of noise environment within 10 km radius of the project site was

assessed through identification of major noise sources, monitoring of baseline noise levels

in the study area and measurement of resultant noise levels due to existing vehicular

movement on major roads, according to existing land use pattern.

3.5.1 Reconnaissance Survey

A reconnaissance survey was conducted with a view to establish the baseline status of the

environment with respect to noise levels in the study area. The Project site is in MSEZL

area.

The prime objective of noise monitoring is to establish the existing ambient noise levels

during the day as well as night time in residential, industrial, commercial and silence zones


EIA REPORT

in the study area around proposed site. The terrain of project site as well as in the

surrounding impact zone is highly undulated with hilly terrain and the area is under the

influence of noise generated by heavy traffic on highways as well as from commercial

activities in the individual villages.

A primary survey was undertaken to identify the major noise sources in the area. The

sampling location in the area was identified considering the location of industry, residential

are, highways and institutional areas. The noise monitoring locations are shown in Table

3.8 and Figure 3.5. The prevailing ambient noise levels were monitored using precision

noise level meter in and around 10Km distance in 8 locations during October to January

2016. The CPCB standards are given Table 3.9 and the results are given in Table 3.10.

Figure 3-5 Noise Monitoring locations


EIA REPORT

Table 3-8 Details of noise monitoring locations

Location

Code

Sampling

Stations

Geographical

Coordinates

Direction

With

respect to

project site

Distance

with

respect

to

project

site in

Km

Environmental

Setting

N1 Project Site

Lat- N 12ᵒ58'58.8"

Long- E

074ᵒ51'31.7"

---

---

Industrial Area

N2 Baikampady

Lat- N 12°56'51.4"

Long- E

74°49'17.6"

SW 5.60 Industrial Area

N3 Hosabettu

Lat- N 12ᵒ58'23.2"

Long- E

074ᵒ48'38.0"

W 4.76 Residential

Area

N4 Paduperar

Lat- N 12ᵒ58'58.2"

Long- E

074ᵒ54'18.8"

E 5.10 Residential

Area

N5 Soorinje

Lat- N 13ᵒ01'39.6"

Long- E

074ᵒ52'01.8"

NE 6.40 Residential

Area

N6 Kateel Yekkar

Lat- N 12ᵒ58'44.6"

Long- E

074ᵒ51'13.7"

W 0.80 Residential

Area

N7 Kalavar Lat- N 13ᵒ00'19.3"

Long- E

074ᵒ50'53.2"

W 2.46 Residential

Area


EIA REPORT

N8 Kuttethur Lat- N 13ᵒ00'06.8"

Long- E

074ᵒ52'53.8"

E 3.00 Residential

Area


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Table 3-9 Ambient Noise Quality Standards (CPCB Limits)

Category of Area/ Zone Limits in dB (A) Leq

Day Time Night Time

Industrial Area 75 70

Commercial Area 65 55

Residential Area 55 45

Silence Zone 50 40

Table 3-10 Noise Monitoring Results

Location

Code

Sampling

Stations

Environmental Setting Noise Level

[dB (A)]

Day Night

N1 Project Site


N2 Baikampady


N3 Hosabettu

Residential Area 53.5 40.9

N4 Paduperar


N5 Kateel Yekkar


N6 Kalavar


N7 Kuttethur

Residential Area

50.2 40.0

N8 Permude



EIA REPORT

3.5.2 Inference

The field observations during the study period indicated that the ambient noise levels in

the study area were well within the prescribed standards at all the different noise zones

prescribed by CPCB.

3.6 Water Environment

Industrialization at any region is contingent on the availability of sufficient water resources

as there would be a continuous requirement of water for various industrial activities. The

potential for exploitation and contamination of either or both surface and ground water

resources in the project area would increase through discharge of effluents. In order to

identify the possible impacts on water environment in the study area due to the major

industrial development project, the available water resources have been collected and

analyzed to assess the existing quality to represent the baseline status of water

environment

The significant representative sampling locations for ground water and surface water are

chosen through reconnaissance of project area to determine the pre-project status of the

water quality in the study area. Physico-chemical, nutrient, Oxygen demand, bacteriological

and biological parameters having relevance to public health and aesthetic significance are

selected to assess the water quality status with special attention to raw water resources

and the receiving body of the treated effluent discharge from proposed project. The

standard methods prescribed for surface, groundwater and coastal marine water sampling

as well as the analytical procedures for individual parameters is followed in this study.

3.6.1 Surface Water Resources

The study area consists of the gurupura/Phalguni river in the southern region, Arabian sea

in the western part and the Pavanje/Nandini river in the northwestern part from the

project site. As the Baikampady Industrial estate lies in the southwestern region, the

representative surface water sampling locations in the southern and south west direction

have been chosen. In order to have an idea of the quality of water flowing in the region,

representative water samples were collected and analyzed according to the drinking water

standards.


EIA REPORT

3.6.2 Ground water resources

Ground water is the accumulation of water below the ground surface, caused by rainfall

and its subsequent percolation through pores and crevices. Percolated water accumulates

till it reaches the impervious strata consisting of confined clay/rocks. Occurrence of ground

water is controlled by landform, structure and lithology. These resources are

predominantly exploited in most of the nearby villages only for domestic and agricultural

purposes. Ground water abstraction is by means of bore wells.


To establish the baseline status of water environment, the existing representative sampling

locations for surface water and ground water within a radial distance of 10 Km radial from

the site, have been selected as per CPCB guidelines of Water Quality Monitoring through an

adequate survey of the project area.

The project region falls in coastal humid agro climatic zone with predominant rainfall

occurring during the southwest monsoon season (June to September).The prevailing status

of water quality at eight sampling locations each for ground water and surface water has

been assessed during October to January.

Grab samples were collected once during the study period. Physico-chemical and

microbiological parameters have been analyzed to establish the baseline status of surface

water and ground water resources in the study area. Methods as per IS (IS 10500:2012)

and APHA were adopted for analysis of these parameters. The sampling protocol specified in the Guidelines for Water Quality Management , of CPCB was followed for sampling, preservation and transport of samples to the lab.

The locations of the sampling points are depicted in Figure-3.6 and Figure-3.7 and details

of representative water sampling locations are also tabulated in Table-3.11.


EIA REPORT

Figure 3-6 Ground Water monitoring locations

Figure 3-7 Surface water Monitoring location


EIA REPORT

Table 3-11 Details of Surface and Ground Water Sampling Locations

Sample

Code

Sampling

Locations

Geographical

Coordinates

Direction with

respect to

Project Site

Aerial

distance

from

project site

in Km

Ground Water

SW1 Kateel-Nandini

River: Upstream

Lat- N 13ᵒ02'40.8"

Long- E 74ᵒ52'16.3"

NE 6.4

SW2 Kateel-Nandini

River:Downstream

Lat- N 13ᵒ02'31.3"

Long- E 74ᵒ52'01.6"

NE 5.60

SW3 Kasba Bengre-

Phalguni River-

Upstream

Lat- N 12ᵒ51'58.3"

Long- E 74ᵒ49'24.3"

SW 9.00

SW4 Kasba Bengre

Phalguni River-

Downstream

Lat- N 12ᵒ51'17.8"

Long- E 74ᵒ49'41.6"

SW 8.40

SW5 Malavoor

Phalguni River-

Upstream

Lat- N 12ᵒ56'26.2"

Long- E 74ᵒ51'54.4"

SW 4.5

SW6 Malavoor

Phalguni River-

Downstream

Lat- N 12ᵒ56'15.4"

Long- E74ᵒ51'24.2"

W 3.90

SW7 Kulai-Baggundi

lake

Lat- N 12ᵒ57'46.4"

Long- E 74ᵒ49'16.8"

SW 5.50

SW8 Panambur Beach Lat- N 12ᵒ57'28.3"

Long- E 74ᵒ47'59.6"

SW 7.00

Ground Water

GW1 Hosabettu Lat- N 12ᵒ58'21.9"

Long- E 74ᵒ48'37.6"

W 4.76


EIA REPORT

Sample

Code

Sampling

Locations

Geographical

Coordinates

Direction with

respect to

Project Site

Aerial

distance

from

project site

in Km

GW2 Paduperar Lat- N 12ᵒ58'58.7"

Long- E 74ᵒ54'18.9"

E 5.10

GW3 Kateel Yekkar Lat- N 13ᵒ01'39.6"

Long- E 74ᵒ52'01.9"

NE 6.40

GW4 Bajpe Lat- N 12ᵒ58'44.6"

Long- E 74ᵒ54'00.5"

SE 4.70

GW5 Kalavar Lat- N 12ᵒ58'50.0"

Long- E 74ᵒ51'01.5"

W 0.8

GW6 Soorinje Lat- N 13ᵒ01'17.6"

Long- E 74ᵒ50'09.2"

NW 5.40

GW7 Jokatte Lat- N 12ᵒ58'10.7"

Long- E 74ᵒ50'58.7"

SW 2.50

GW8 Baikampady Lat- N 12°56'51.0"

Long- E 74°49'17.9"

SW 5.60


EIA REPORT

Kateel-Nandini River Upstream Kateel-Nandini River Downstream

Kasba Bengre- Gurupur River Upstream Malavoor- Gurupur River Downstream

Hosabettu Kalavar

The physicochemical and biological characteristics of surface water and ground water in

the study area and the methods used for water quality assessment are presented in the

Table-3.12 and are compared with the Indian standards/specifications for drinking water.

Table 3-12 Test Methods used for analysis of water quality parameters

S.No. Parameters Unit Test Method Limits as per IS 10500: 2012

Acceptable

Limit

Permissible

Limit


EIA REPORT


Acceptable

Limit

Permissible

Limit

1) Color Hazen IS 3025 (Part-4) 1983

(Reaff 2006)

5 15

2) Odor - IS 3025 (Part 5) 1983

(Reaff 2006)

Agreeable Agreeable

3) pH at 25ᵒC - IS 3025(Part 11)

1983(Reaff 2006)

6.5-8.5 No

Relaxation

4) Electrical

Conductivity

µS/cm IS 3025 (Part 14) 1983

(Reaff 2006)

5) Turbidity NTU IS 3025 (Part10) 1984

(Reaff 2006)

1 5

6) Total

Dissolved

Solids

mg/l IS 3025 (Part 16)

1984(Reaff 2006)

500 2000

7) Total

Hardness as

CaCO3

mg/l IS 3025 (Part 21) 1983

(Reaff 2006)

200 600

8) Total

Alkalinity as

CaCO3

mg/l IS 3025 (Part 23) 1986

(Reaff 2009)

200 600

9) Chloride as

Cl

mg/l IS 3025 (Part 32) 1988

(Reaff 2009)

250 1000

10) Sulfate as

SO4

mg/l IS 3025(Part 24)

1986(Reaff 2009)

200 400

11) Fluoride as F mg/l IS 3025 (Part 60) 2008 1.0 1.5

12) Nitrate as

NO3

mg/l IS 3025 (Part 34)

45 No

relaxation

13) Phosphate

as PO4

mg/l IS 3025 (Part31) 1988

14) Sodium as

Na

mg/l IS 3025(Pt 45) 1993

(Reaff 2006)

15) Potassium as

K

mg/l IS 3025 (Part45) 1993

(Reaff 2006)

16) Calcium as

Ca

mg/l IS 3025 (Part 40) 1991

(Reaff 2009)

75 200

17) Magnesium

as Mg

mg/l IS 3025 (Part 46) 1994

(Reaff 2009)

30 100

18) Iron as Fe mg/l IS 3025 (Part 53) 2003

(Reaff 2009)

0.3 No

relaxation

19) Chemical

Oxygen

Demand

mg/l IS 3025 (Part 58) 2006


EIA REPORT


Acceptable

Limit

Permissible

Limit

20) Aluminium

as Al

mg/l IS 3025 (Part 55) 2003

(Reaff 2009)

0.03 0.2

21) Cyanide as

CN

mg/l IS 3025 (Part 27) 1986

(Reaff 2009)

0.05 No

relaxation

22) Iron as Fe mg/l IS 3025 (Part 53) 2003

(Reaff 2009)

0.3 No

relaxation

23) Boron as B mg/l IS 3025 (Part 57) 2003

(Reaff 2009)

0.5 1.0

24) Zinc as Zn mg/l IS 3025(Part 49) 1994

(Reaff 2009)

5 15

25) Chromium

as Cr

mg/l IS 3025 (Part 52) 2003

(Reaff 2009)

0.05 No

relaxation

26) BOD 3 days

@ 27ᵒC

mg/l IS 3025 (Part 44) 1993


EIA REPORT

Table 3-13 Ground water analysis results

S.No Parameters Unit Hosabettu

GW1

Paduperar

GW2

Kateel

Yekkar

GW3

Bajpe

GW4

Kalavar

GW5

Soorinje

GW6

Jokatte

GW7

Baikampady

GW8

1 Color Hazen BDL

(DL 1.0)

BDL

(DL 1.0)

BDL

(DL

1.0)

BDL

(DL

1.0)

BDL

(DL 1.0)

BDL

(DL 1.0)

BDL

(DL

1.0)

BDL (DL

1.0)

2 Turbidity NTU BDL (DL

0.1)

BDL (DL

0.1)

BDL

(DL

0.1)

BDL

(DL

0.1)

BDL (DL

0.1)

BDL (DL

0.1)

BDL

(DL

0.1)

BDL(DL 0.1)

3 pH -- 6.69 6.58 7.84 7.69 7.1 6.74 6.44 6.09

4 Electrical

Conductivity

µS/cm 68 114 221 152 131 136 248 189

5 Total dissolved

solids

mg/l 47 70 150 92 94 92 130 101

6 Total alkalinity

as CaCO3

mg/l 12 18 78 36 42 32 36 18

7 Total Hardness

as CaCO3

mg/l 29 31 84 46 50 47 46 26

8 Calcium as Ca mg/l 2.8 8.4 18.4 13.2 10.4 8.4 10.4 6.4


EIA REPORT


GW1

Paduperar

GW2

Kateel

Yekkar

GW3

Bajpe

GW4

Kalavar

GW5

Soorinje

GW6

Jokatte

GW7

Baikampady

GW8

9 Magnesium as

Mg

mg/l 5.1 2.4 9.1 3.1 5.8 6.2 4.8 2.4

10 Sodium mg/l 6 7 8 8 5 9 21 19

11 Potassium mg/l 0 2 1 2 1 1 2 3

12 Chloride as Cl mg/l 17.5 21.3 14 12.2 17.4 24.8 37.8 32

13 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 2.3 5.5 3.8 7.4 5.4 2.7 5.6 8.1

14 Carbonate mg/l NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL

15 Bi carbonate mg/l 14.6 21.9 95.2 43.9 51.2 39 43.9 21.9

16 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 2.3 BDL (DL

1.0)

BDL(D

L 1.0)

BDL(D

L 1.0)

BDL (DL

1.0)

BDL (DL

1.0)

44.1 44

17 Fluorides as F mg/l BDL (DL

0.2)

BDL (DL

0.2)

0.47 0.26 BDL (DL

0.2)

BDL (DL

0.2)

BDL

(DL

0.2)

BDL (DL 0.2)

18 Cyanide mg/l BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)


EIA REPORT


GW1

Paduperar

GW2

Kateel

Yekkar

GW3

Bajpe

GW4

Kalavar

GW5

Soorinje

GW6

Jokatte

GW7

Baikampady

GW8

19 Arsenic mg/l BDL (DL

0.005)

BDL (DL

0.005)

BDL

(DL

0.005)

BDL

(DL

0.005)

BDL (DL

0.005)

BDL (DL

0.005)

BDL

(DL

0.005)

BDL (DL

0.005)

20 Cadmium mg/l BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

21 Chromium(Total) mg/l BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

22 Copper mg/l BDL

(DL0.01)

BDL

(DL0.01)

BDL(D

L 0.01)

BDL(D

L

0.01)

BDL

(DL0.01

)

BDL

(DL0.01)

BDL(D

L 0.01)

BDL

(DL0.01)

23 Iron mg/l 0.98 0.53 0.03 0.91 0.52 3.1 0.33 0.24

24 Lead mg/l BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)


EIA REPORT


GW1

Paduperar

GW2

Kateel

Yekkar

GW3

Bajpe

GW4

Kalavar

GW5

Soorinje

GW6

Jokatte

GW7

Baikampady

GW8

25 Zinc mg/l BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

26 Manganese mg/l BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

27 Nickel mg/l BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

28 Selenium mg/l BDL (DL

0.005)

BDL (DL

0.005)

BDLn(

DL

0.005)

BDL

(DL

0.005)

BDL (DL

0.005)

BDL (DL

0.005)

BDL

(DL

0.005)

BDL (DL

0.005)

29 Mercury mg/l BDL (DL

0.001)

BDL (DL

0.001)

BDL

(DL

0.001)

BDL

(DL

0.001)

BDL (DL

0.001)

BDL (DL

0.001)

BDL

(DL

0.001)

BDL (DL

0.001)

30 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA


EIA REPORT


GW1

Paduperar

GW2

Kateel

Yekkar

GW3

Bajpe

GW4

Kalavar

GW5

Soorinje

GW6

Jokatte

GW7

Baikampady

GW8

31 COD mg/l BDL (DL

4.0)

BDL (DL

4.0)

BDL

(DL

4.0)

BDL

(DL

4.0)

BDL (DL

4.0)

BDL (DL

4.0)

BDL

(DL

4.0)

BDL (DL 4.0)

32 BOD mg/l BDL (DL

1.0)

BDL (DL

1.0)

BDL

(DL

1.0)

BDL

(DL

1.0)

BDL (DL

1.0)

BDL (DL

1.0)

BDL

(DL

1.0)

BDL (DL 1.0)

3.6.4 Inference-Ground Water

The analysis of ground water results indicate that the average pH ranges in between 6.09-7.84, TDS ranges from 47-101 mg/l,

Total hardness ranges from 26-84 mg/l, Iron content ranges from 0.03-3.1 mg/l, nitrate content ranges from BDL (DL 1.0)-

44.1 mg/l. The analysis results are presented in Table 3.14.


EIA REPORT

Table 3-14 Surface water analysis results

S.No Parameters Unit Kateel-

Nandini

Upstream

SW1

Kateel

Nandini

downstream

SW2

Kasba

Bengre-

Phalguni

Upstream

SW3

Kasba

Bengre-

Phalguni

Downstream

SW4

Malavoor-

Phalguni

Upstream

SW5

Malavoor-

Phalguni

Downstrea

m

SW6

Kulai

Baggun

di Lake

SW7

Pana

mbur

Beach

SW8

1 Color Hazen BDL(DL

1.0)

BDL (DL 1.0) BDL (DL

1.0)


1.0)

BDL (DL

1.0)

BDL

(DL

1.0)

BDL

(DL

1.0)

2 Turbidity NTU BDL(DL

0.1)

BDL (DL

0.1)

BDL (DL

0.1)


0.1)

BDL (DL

0.1)

BDL

(DL

0.1)

BDL

(DL

0.1)

3 pH -- 6.54 7.03 7.64 7.74 6.93 6.62 6.24 7.93

4 Electrical

Conductivity

µS/c

m

37 45 22700 22900 122 418 339 4180

0

5 Total

dissolved

solids

mg/l 25 31 12315 11400 72 215 190 2080

0

6 Total

alkalinity as

CaCO3

mg/l 12 12 75 64 18 12 42 118


EIA REPORT


Nandini

Upstream

SW1

Kateel

Nandini

downstream

SW2

Kasba

Bengre-

Phalguni

Upstream

SW3

Kasba

Bengre-

Phalguni

Downstream

SW4

Malavoor-

Phalguni

Upstream

SW5

Malavoor-

Phalguni

Downstrea

m

SW6

Kulai

Baggun

di Lake

SW7

Pana

mbur

Beach

SW8

7 Total

Hardness as

CaCO3

mg/l 11 14 3280 3450 40 70 80 6240

8 Calcium as

Ca

mg/l 2.8 3.2 336 232 4 6 16 336

9 Magnesium

as Mg

mg/l 0.9 1.4 585 688 7.2 13.2 9.6 1296

10 Sodium mg/l 2 3 3040 2530 11 47 33 5300

11 Potassium mg/l 1 1 305 222 1 6 2 320

12 Chloride as

Cl

mg/l 3.8 6.8 7269.4 6453.2 21.4 92.2 60.7 1181

0.9

13 Sulphate as

SO4

mg/l 1.9 2.1 678.2 564.7 4.4 26.3 19.4 826.8

14 Carbonate mg/l NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL

15 Bi carbonate mg/l 14.6 14.6 91.5 78.1 21.9 14.6 51.2 143.9

16 Nitrate as

NO3

mg/l 7.92 7.02 7.12 4.78 6.96 7.7 3.3 1.02


EIA REPORT


Nandini

Upstream

SW1

Kateel

Nandini

downstream

SW2

Kasba

Bengre-

Phalguni

Upstream

SW3

Kasba

Bengre-

Phalguni

Downstream

SW4

Malavoor-

Phalguni

Upstream

SW5

Malavoor-

Phalguni

Downstrea

m

SW6

Kulai

Baggun

di Lake

SW7

Pana

mbur

Beach

SW8

17 Fluorides as

F

mg/l BDL (DL

0.2)


0.2)


0.2)

BDL (DL

0.2)

0.32 BDL

(DL

0.2)

18 Cyanide mg/l BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

19 Arsenic mg/l BDL (DL

0.005)

BDL (DL

0.005)

BDL (DL

0.005)

BDL (DL

0.005)

BDL (DL

0.005)

BDL (DL

0.005)

BDL

(DL

0.005)

BDL

(DL

0.005

)

20 Cadmium mg/l BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

21 Chromium(T

otal)

mg/l BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)


EIA REPORT


Nandini

Upstream

SW1

Kateel

Nandini

downstream

SW2

Kasba

Bengre-

Phalguni

Upstream

SW3

Kasba

Bengre-

Phalguni

Downstream

SW4

Malavoor-

Phalguni

Upstream

SW5

Malavoor-

Phalguni

Downstrea

m

SW6

Kulai

Baggun

di Lake

SW7

Pana

mbur

Beach

SW8

22 Copper mg/l BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

23 Iron mg/l 0.29 0.22 0.2 0.35 0.38 0.37 0.21 0.59

24 Lead mg/l BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

25 Zinc mg/l BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

26 Manganese mg/l BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

27 Nickel mg/l BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)


EIA REPORT


Nandini

Upstream

SW1

Kateel

Nandini

downstream

SW2

Kasba

Bengre-

Phalguni

Upstream

SW3

Kasba

Bengre-

Phalguni

Downstream

SW4

Malavoor-

Phalguni

Upstream

SW5

Malavoor-

Phalguni

Downstrea

m

SW6

Kulai

Baggun

di Lake

SW7

Pana

mbur

Beach

SW8

28 Selenium mg/l BDL (DL

0.005)

BDL (DL

0.005)

BDL (DL

0.005)

BDL (DL

0.005)

BDL (DL

0.005)

BDL (DL

0.005)

BDL

(DL

0.005)

BDL

(DL

0.005

)

29 Mercury mg/l BDL (DL

0.001)

BDL (DL

0.001)

BDL (DL

0.001)

BDL (DL

0.001)

BDL (DL

0.001)

BDL (DL

0.001)

BDL

(DL

0.001)

BDL

(DL

0.001

)

30 Dissolved

Oxygen

mg/l 5.6 6.3 5.5 5.8 5.9 5.8 6.1 5.8

31 COD mg/l 4.2 4.1 4.4 5.1 4.9 4.2 5.1 5.1

32 BOD mg/l 2.4 1.4 1.2 2 1.8 1.3 2.3 2.2


EIA REPORT

3.6.5 Inference-Surface Water

The analysis of ground water results indicate that the average pH ranges in between 6.24-7.93, TDS ranges from 25-20800

mg/l, Total hardness ranges from 11-6240 mg/l, DO ranges from 5.5-6.3 mg/l. The analysis results are presented in Table

3.14.


EIA REPORT

3.7 Ground water Scenario

3.7.1 Hydrogeology

Weathered and fractured gneiss, granite and schist are the major water bearing formations.

Alluvial formation of limited thickness and aerial extent is found along the courses of major

rivers. Groundwater occurs under phreatic (water table) condition in weathered zones of

gneiss, schist and granite and under semi-confined to confined conditions in joints and

fractures of these rocks at deeper levels. Weathered and fractured gneiss is the

predominant aquifer found in the district followed by schistose and granitic aquifers, which

occur as isolated patches in some taluks. The hydrogeology of the district is shown in

Figure 3.8.

Figure 3-8 Hydrogeology Map


EIA REPORT

The depth of water level during pre-monsoon (May 2011) ranges from 4.12 mbgl to 15.2

mbgl during post-monsoon (Nov 2011) it ranges from 0.75 mbgl to 8.65 mbgl (Fig. 3.9).

The seasonal fluctuation data shows that 36.5% of the wells show rise while, 63.5% of the

wells show a fall in water level. The rise in water level ranges from 0.15 m to 16.0 m while,

the fall ranges from 0.65 m to 4.62 m. Analysis of the long-term water level trend in the last

10 years (2001-2010) reveals that 58% of the wells show a rise in water level ranging from

0.014 m to 0.12 m, whereas, the remaining wells (42%) show a fall in the range of 0.01m to

0.19 m.

Figure 3-9 Depth of water level during pre and post monsoon

The groundwater fluctuation between decadal mean (May 2001-2010) and water level in

May 2011 shows rise in water level in about 60% of the area with water level rise in the

range of 0.088 to 3.986m and fall in the range of 0.031 to 1.68m. The groundwater

fluctuation between decadal mean (Nov.2001-2010) and water level in Nov. 2011 shows

rise in water level in about 90% of the area with water level rise in the range of 0.217 to

3.389m and fall in the range of 0.371 to 0.653. (Figure 3.10)


EIA REPORT

Figure 3-10 Ground water level fluctuation between pre and post Monsoon from 2001 to

2010

3.7.2 Groundwater quality

Groundwater quality is generally good and potable. The specific conductivity of ground

water in the district varies from 70-140 µS/cm at 25°C.

3.7.3 Groundwater related issues and problems

The district receives more than 3000 mm rainfall annually. In spite of good rainfall,

there are certain problems like i). Flooding and coastal erosion ii). Salinity ingress of

coastal aquifers and Inland salinity along river course. iii). Water logging

3.7.4 Flooding and coastal erosion

The problem is in the coastal tract and adjacent the major rivers like Netravathi and

Gurupur rivers due to incessant rains. The problem worsens during high tide time. Though

a complete solution is not possible, construction of a series of check dams across the rivers

and coastal erosion measures along the coast can alleviate this problem during medium

intensity rainfall.


EIA REPORT

3.7.5 Salinity ingress of coastal aquifers

Salinity ingress of coastal aquifers and the inland salinity problem along the major river

sides mainly during summer months when seaward fresh water flow in the rivers dwindle

are prevalent on a minor scale. To check the movement of saline water ingression inland

through river and protect the groundwater. Construction of dams across rivers and

streams can reduce the problem. Dams are constructed at many locations already in the

area.

3.7.6 Water logging

The observation well data of CGWB for November 2011 shows an area of limited extent

which has depth to water level with in 2 mbgl. However, in the coastal tract and along the

main rivers groundwater lies within 2 to 5mbgl which can be considered to be prone for water logging . 3.8 Surface water

There are no major or medium irrigation projects in the district. One vented-dam has been

built across the river Netravathi at Tumbe near Mangalore, to cater to the drinking water

need of the town. MI tanks, LI schemes and temporary Mudkattas are the other types of

surface water utility structures.

3.8.1 Spring

Seasonal and perennial springs are located in the foothills of hillocks and forests in the

district. Thermal spring which is of very rare occurrence in south India has been found in

the district. It is called as Bendru Teertha and located at )rde on Puttur-Panaje road at a

distance of 13 km from Puttur. The rock formations exposed in and around the spring are

gneisses traversed by veins of quartz and pegmatite on the southern banks of Badantadka

River.

3.9 Geomorphology and Soil Types

Geomorphologically Dakshina Kannada District can be divided broadly into three well

defined physiographic units viz. i) Coastal plain ii) Upland pediplain area iii) Eastern hilly

area forming part of the Western Ghats. The Coastal plain is a narrow, thickly populated


EIA REPORT

and intensely cultivated area adjoining the coast. There is considerable extent of barren

land along the coast partly because it is sandy, rocky, and marshy. The area near sea is

covered with coconut gardens.

The Upland pediplain area interspersed with low hills between the Western Ghats and the

coast, which is moderately cultivated with a considerable extent of fallow land, which can

be put to agricultural use. The Eastern hilly area in the eastern part of the district is hilly

with thick forest cover, which forms part of the Western Ghats. The hills of the area range

in elevation from 1200 to 1500m AMSL and are capped with laterite, which form plateau

usually of oval or elongated configuration. The prominent peaks in the area are Balihalli

(1240m), Amadikul betta (1298m) Attiberi Gudda (1522m), Banganabagile Gudda

(1513m) etc.

3.9.1 Soil Type

The soil in the district is mostly lateritic type, found distributed in the Pediplain area

characterized by high iron and Aluminium content. Lateritic soil is mostly red in color and

yellow loamy, pale to bright red colours are also seen. Lateritic soil is suitable for Paddy,

Sugarcane, Arecanut and Plantation crops, viz. crops like Cardamom & plantains. Loamy

red soils are distributed in the lower reaches of valleys. Red lateritic soil is the most

dominant soil type in the area. The texture of the soil varies from fine to coarse. The soil in

valleys and intermediate slopes is rich in loam whereas in upper slopes it is much coarse in

nature. The soil responds well to irrigation and other soil - management practices. Silty and

loamy soils are of transported origin and are found mostly along river banks and in valley

plains. They have good infiltration capacity and are well-suited for agriculture due to their

fertility.

3.10 Soil Environment

The present study of the soil quality was carried out at eight sampling locations to establish

the baseline characteristics of the study area and to determine the impact of the proposed

project on the soil characteristics. The details of the soil sampling locations are presented

in Table 3.15 and shown in figure 3.11. The results are presented in Table 3.16.


EIA REPORT

Figure 3-11 Soil Monitoring Locations

Project Site Soorinje


EIA REPORT

Table 3-15 Details of soil monitoring locations

Sample

Code

Sampling

Locations

Geographical

Coordinates

Direction

with respect

to Project

Site

Aerial

distance

from

project site

in Km

S1 Project Site Lat- N 12ᵒ58'56.6"

Long- E 074ᵒ51'33.3"

- -

S2 Hosabettu Lat- N 12ᵒ58'21.6"

Long- E 074ᵒ48'37.6"

W 4.76

S3 Paduperar Lat- N 12ᵒ58'58.6"

Long- E 074ᵒ54'17.6"

E 5.10

S4 Soorinje Lat- N 13ᵒ01'16.8"

Long- E 074ᵒ50'09.9"

NW 5.40

S5 Kateel Yekkar Lat- N 13ᵒ02'07.6"

Long- E 074ᵒ52'03.2"

NE 6.40

S6 Krishnapura Lat- N 12ᵒ59'58.0"

Long- E 074ᵒ49'59.1"

NW 4.65

S7 Kalavar Lat- N 12ᵒ58'49.7"

Long- E 074ᵒ51'02.7"

W 0.80

S8 Kuttethur Lat- N 13ᵒ00'19.9"

Long- E 074ᵒ50'53.6"

W 2.46


EIA REPORT

Table 3-16 Soil Analysis results

S.No Paramete

rs

Unit Project

Site

(S1)

Hosabet

tu

(S2)

Paduper

ar

(S3)

Soorin

je

(S4)

Kateel

Yekka

r

(S5)

Krishnap

ura

(SW6)

Kalavar

(SW7)

Kuttethur

(SW8)

1 Color Brown Dark

Brown

Dark

Brown

Reddis

h

Brown

Reddis

h

Brown

Dark

Brown

Light

Brown

Reddish

Brown

2 Soil

Texture

Sandy

Clay

Loam

Silt

Loam

Loam Sandy

Clay

Loam

Sandy

Clay

Loam

Sandy

loam

Sandy

Clay

Loam

Loam

3 Sand % 46 37 46 56 47 51 47 33

4 Silt % 22 52 29 14 29 30 20 46

5 Clay % 32 11 25 30 24 19 33 21

6 Ph 6.39 6.63 6.12 6.08 6.13 6.06 6.96 6.04

7 Electrical

Conductiv

ity

µmhos/

cm

23 32 27 24 24 34 142 23

8 Infiltratio

n rate

cm/hr 1.18 1.34 1.11 1.34 1.42 1.38 1.32 1.12

9 Bulk

density

gm/cc 1.2 1.39 1.23 1.31 1.07 1.15 1.08 1.25

10 Cation

Exchange

Capacity

meq/

100 gm

14 4 9.5 14 14 10 21 8

11 Moisture

Content

% 10.5 10.2 11.7 19.7 24.7 8.5 13.7 9.4

12 Water

Holding

capacity

% 34 36 32.9 34.2 46.5 34.2 38.1 34

13 Organic

Carbon

% 0.5 0.16 0.02 0.19 1.24 0.39 0.95 0.31

14 Organic

matter

% 0.86 0.28 0.03 0.33 2.14 0.67 1.64 0.54

15 Nitrogen

as N

% 0.11 0.09 0.05 0.12 0.06 0.04 0.13 0.11

16 Phosphor

ous

% 0.08 0.05 0.04 0.09 0.03 0.02 0.09 0.04

17 Potassium % 0.26 0.28 0.24 0.31 0.24 0.18 0.22 0.34


EIA REPORT

S.No Paramete

rs

Unit Project

Site

(S1)

Hosabet

tu

(S2)

Paduper

ar

(S3)

Soorin

je

(S4)

Kateel

Yekka

r

(S5)

Krishnap

ura

(SW6)

Kalavar

(SW7)

Kuttethur

(SW8)

18 Calcium % 0.36 0.72 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.24 0.04

19 Magnesiu

m

% 0.07 0.14 0.02 0.02 0.14 0.07 0.08 0.04

20 Boron mg/Kg 2.1 2.25 1.16 1.11 1.06 1.17 2.64 1.04

21 Cadmium mg/Kg BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

22 Copper mg/Kg 13 6.3 16.9 11.9 36.9 13.9 13.9 6.8

23 Chromiu

m

mg/Kg 1.11 2.1 1.06 1.4 0.04 1.02 2.5 0.06

24 Iron mg/Kg 46800 14400 25000 26000 43800 24700 18000 20800

25 Lead mg/Kg BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL

(DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

BDL (DL

0.01)

26 Manganes

e

mg/Kg 7 3.4 9.5 7.2 11.8 4.5 1.2 2.3

27 Zinc mg/Kg 18 13 105.8 11.9 22.9 23.9 24.9 9.9

3.10.1 Observations

It is observed that the pH of the soil samples ranged from 6.04- 6.96 indicating that

the soils are slightly acidic in nature

Conductivity of the soil samples ranged from to 23-142 μS/cm. As the EC value is

less than 2000 μS/cm, the soil is found to be non-saline in nature

The water holding capacity of the soil samples varied from 32.9-46.5 (%).

Nitrogen as N value varies from 0.05-0.13 %

Potassium content ranges from 0.18-0.34%

Phosphorous ranges from 0.02-0.09%


EIA REPORT

3.11 Land use and Land Classification

Land use information of an area in the form of map and statistical data are very vital for

spatial analysis, planning, management and utilization of land for agriculture, forestry,

urban and industrial planning.

The level of spatial classification is classed under 4 categories:

Level 1-1:1 million scale,

Level 2- 1:250,000 scale,

Level 3-1:50,000 scale

Level 4-1:25,000 or larger scale.

In the present study Level 3 classification is made which is a fairly good classification of

urban and industrial planning.

Syngene


EIA REPORT

Figure 3-12 Land Use Pattern of Dakshina Kannada District

The land use of the study area reflects the socio-economic conditions of the people in

addition to the natural environmental factors. The factors controlling the land use pattern

of the area are land forms, slope, shape of the land, soil, natural resources and natural and

man made hazards.

Table 3-17 Land use pattern (area in hectares)

Sr.

No.

Name of

Village

Total

area

Forest Irrigated Unirrigated Cultivable

waste land

Area not

available

for

cultivation

1. Bajpe 722.70 - - 150.19 162.26 410.20

2. Paduperara 822.97 - 7.10 455.13 252.17 108.57

3. Badaga Yekkar 1011.26 - 0.81 629.09 145.73 253.63

4. Permude 742.43 - - 264.48 44.75 431.20

5. Kalavar 330.35 - - 381.01 3.79 311.02

6. Haleangadi 198.65 - 48.58 16.12 55.22 78.73

7. Kolambe 915.03 - - 268.96 90.11 555.96


EIA REPORT

Sr.

No.

Name of

Village

Total

area

Forest Irrigated Unirrigated Cultivable

waste land

Area not

available

for

cultivation

8. Muduperar 896.06 - - 308.61 332.53 254.92

9. Kilanjar 525.29 - - 395.28 6.50 123.51

10. Chellairu 317.01 - - 174.36 66.08 76.57

11. Delanthabettu 320.43 - 24.57 84.45 37.15 174.56

12. Badagayekkar 1011.26 - 0.81 629.09 145.73 235.63

13. Tenkayekkar 640.64 - 5.82 169.27 77.85 387.70

14. Kuthethur 695.82 - - 381.01 3.79 311.02

15. Bala 567.21 - - 284.94 28.13 254.14

16. Kenjaru 667.56 - - 95.41 163.56 408.59

17. Mudashedde `594.06 - - 123.08 242.92 228.06

18. Padushedde 145.58 - - 65.99 40.49 39.10

19. Mennabettu 551.90 - - 166.43 101.43 284.04

20. Kilanjur 136.59 - 31.57 33.35 50.72 20.95

21. Attur 106.70 - - 67.61 2.14 36.95

22. Koikude 278.82 - 23.40 129.31 48.72 77.31

23. Bellairu 293.65 - - 208.57 63.45 21.63

Total 22350.42 0 142.66 5481.74 2165.22 5083.99

Table 3-18 Land use pattern in the study area

Sr. No. Land use/Land Cover Classes Area in (Km2) Area in (%)

1. Vegetation 122.05 38.87

2. Land with shrub 17.64 5.62

3. Waste Land 82.64 26.32

4. Bare Soil/Sand 12.99 4.14

5. Built-up Area 26.18 8.34

6. Water body 52.46 16.71

Total 314 100.0


EIA REPORT

Figure 3-13 Cropping Pattern in Study Area

Paddy, i.e., Rice is the major food crop grown in this region. Major commercial crops like

Paddy, coconut, arecanut, banana, cashewnut and mango are grown in the area. Percentage

distribution of food & commercial crops are shown in Figure 3.13. Out of the total area

covered for different crops, about 53% area is confined to paddy crop and commercial

crops occupy 47% area.

3.12 Ecological Environment

A biological system comprises of both plant and animal communities, which interact not

only among themselves but also with the abiotic components, viz. physical and chemical

characteristics of the environment. Therefore, nature of developments and baseline

characteristics of terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna around the site of proposed

activities is required to be assessed. The study involved in collection of primary data by

carrying out survey in the 10 Km study area and also from the secondary data of the

particular area.

Plants and animals are more susceptible to environmental stress. A change in the

composition of biotic communities is reflected by a change in the distribution pattern,

frequency, density and abundance of natural species of flora and fauna existing in the

PADDY

53%

COCONUT

15%

ARECANUT

6%

BANANA

1%

MANGO

4%

CASHEWNUT

21%

PADDY

COCONUT

ARECANUT

BANANA

MANGO

CASHEWNUT


EIA REPORT

ecosystem. These changes over a span of time can be quantified and related to the existing

environmental factors.


Dakshina Kannada is one of the three coastal districts of Karnataka state. The district

headquarter is Mangalore. The Western Ghat, which is about 50 kms from the site,

separates this area from the rest of the South Indian Peninsula, which form the natural

boundary of the district, on the east. On the west, the Arabian Sea forms the natural

boundary.

The chief timber trees are the teak, rosewood, benteak, kiralbhogi matti, maravu and kada

halasia. The site is situated in the Dakshina Kannada district coastal belt which is far away

from Western Ghat (approx. 45-65km) and nearer to sea coast (approx. 8km).

The study area comprises of open scrub, fairly dense scrub, dense scrub hillocks, rocky

hills, ravines, rivulets/river system, flat terrain and sea coast/beach. The natural vegetation

of ever green/deciduas forest species in the form of dense scrub, open scrub degraded

forest in the hilly area are observed along with rural agriculture, semi- urban and industrial

development towards the coast. Accordingly the survey was planned based on

Topography, land use, vegetation pattern etc. Terrestrial Flora

The natural vegetation of the area may be broadly noted under two types: the hilly

vegetation and river bed vegetation, apart from roadside and avenue trees. Observations

on the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs, climbers, grasses, agricultural fields, medicinal plants, and

social plantations were made for the study area considered The vegetation cover falls into

following broad categories:

Natural vegetation

Grass lands

Aquatic flora

Mangroves

Agriculture fields

Social Plantations


EIA REPORT

Greenbelt Plantation

The study area was surveyed and preliminary data on vegetation type, wild animals and

birds was collected. This data was supplemented by information obtained through enquiry

with villages and secondary data collected from different sources. The floristic

characteristics within the study area around Syngene site are listed.

3.12.2 Study Area

In the North-Western region from the project site that consists of villages such as

Surathkal, Hosabettu, Mukka Katipalla, Areca catechu, Cocos nucifera, Paddy, Acacia

concinna, Caesurina equisitifolia, Pinus longifolia, Bauhinia recemosa, Cassia siamea, Bridelia

retusa etc. were observed. Shrubs like Alangium salvifolium, Hibiscus cannabinus and

Sesbania grandiflora are found densely in this region. Herbs like Mimosa pudica was found

maximum, while Datura metal and Evolvulus alsinoides were moderately seen. Mangroves

were observed in the estuary of river Nandin. Different species of beach vegetation

observed included Salicornia, Pandanus odorifer were observed. Haleangadi and

Krishnapura showed similar type of vegetation.

In the North eastern areas trees like Anacardium occidentale, Roystenia vegia Casuarina

equisitifolia, Acacia nilotica and Tectona grandis, shrubs like Sesbania grandiflora , Herbs

like Datura metal, Evolvulus alsinoides, Mimosa pudica were observed.

In the South eastern region Good vegetation from the project site, Artocarpus hirsutus,

Santalum album, Cannarium strictum, Cassia fistula, Steriospermum suaveolens, Bauhinia

malabarica, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Alangiun salvifolium, Ficus benghalensis and Ziziphus

jujuba, Pinus longifolia, shrubs like Sesbania grandiflora, Hibiscus Cannabinus, herbs like

Datura metal, Evolvulus alsinoides, Cassia occidentalis, Mimosa Pudica were found.

In the South western region, cultivation of Annona squamosa, Artocarpus integrefolia, Piper

longum and Zizyphus jujuba were found in village house gardens. Trees viz. Anacardium

occidentale, Tectona grandis, Casuarina equisitifolia , Alstonia scholoris, Bombax ceiba,

Cassia fistula, Terminalia arjuna, Acacia nilotica and Ficus hispida, Shrubs like Alangium

salvifolium, and Jatropha curas, Annona squamosa, herbs were Chrysopogon fulves, Mimosa


EIA REPORT

pudica, Borreria stricta, Datura metal, Cassia occidentalis and Evolvulus alsinoides were

observed.

3.12.3 Pilikula Nisarga Dhama

Pilikula Nisarga Dhama is a multifaceted biological park developed near Mudashedde village on the bank of Gurupur River. )n local language Pili means tiger and Kula means pond.

Pilikula Nisarga Dhama spread over about 380 Acre land. It comprises an arboretum,

greenhouse & nursery, a Bio-park and an Artisan village with boating facilities. About 120

acre area is covered by Bio-park, while Arboretum covers about 80 Acres of land and the

remaining area is occupied for Artisan village and a water pond/reservoir. This

park/center apart from its biological significance, it also attracts visitors as tourist spot.

Arboretum comprises about 225 plant species, out of which few are listed below with their

relative significance. Among these, some are endemic to Western Ghat, viz. Calophylum

apetatum, Ochlandra travancorica and Alstonia Scholar.

Sr. No. Botanical Name Local name

1 Cocos nucifera Coconut

2 Buchanania latifolia Chironji

3 Mangifera indica Aam, Mavin kai

4 Odina wodier Godda

5 Anacardium occidentalis Goddambi

6 Spondias mangifera Ambatte mara

7 Annona squamosa Staphal

8 Alstonia scholaris Hale mare, Dodapala

9 Steriospermum suaveolens Billmara, Bodhi

10 Bombax ceiba Booruga

11 Bauhinia malabarica Basavanapada


EIA REPORT


12 Bauhinia recemosa Basavanapada

13 Caesalpina pulcherima Kenjige

14 Cassia fistula Golden shower

15 Senna siamea Senna

16 Casuarina equisitifolia Casuarina

17 Anogeissus latifolia Axle wood

18 Terminalia arjuna Holemathi

19 Terminalia tomentosa Matti

20 Diospyros tupru Thupra

21 Diospyrus ebenum Yaboni

22 Bridelia retusa Gurige

23 Butea frondosa Palasha

24 Dalbergia latifolia Beete

25 Lagerstroemia speciosa Holenandi

26 Azadirachta indica Bevu

27 Acacia concinna Seege

28 Acacia chundra Baddejali

29 Acacia ferruginea Bannnimara

30 Acacia leucophloea Bellada, bilijali

31 Acacia nilotica Babli

32 Albizzia amara Chigare

33 Albizzia stipulate Kalbage


EIA REPORT


34 Ficus benghalensis Vatavruksha

35 Ficus infectoria Basari

36 Ficus religiosa Ashwatha

37 Ficus hispida Athi

38 Syzium cumini Kadunerale

39 Eucalyptus globules Nilgiri

40 Roystenia regia Royal Palm

41 Ziziphus jujube Ber

42 Sterculia guttata Hulitharada

43 Tectona grandis Saguvani

44 Alangium salvifolium Ankola

45 Gymnosporia Montana Mountain spike

46 Maytenus emarginata Red Spike

47 Jatropha curcas Oil seed

48 Jatropha gossypifolia Bellyache Bush

49 Ricinus communis Castor

50 Sesbania grandiflora Agathi

51 Flacourtia indica Governors plum

52 Hibiscus cannabinus Dasawala

53 Atalantia monophylla Kuruntam

54 Atalantia racemosa Kumuntam

55 Lantana camara Big Sage


EIA REPORT

Table 3-19 Fauna found in the study area

Common Name Scientific Name

Reptiles

Green wipe snake Ahaetulla nasutus

Indian Python Python molurus

Cobra Naja naja

King cobra Ophiophagus hannal

Red sand boa Eryx gohni Russel s viper Vipera russelli

Common rat snake Ptyas mucosus

Other vertebrate (wild)

Jackal Canis aureus

Sambar Cervus unicolor

Tiger Panthera tigris

Panther Panthera pardus

Porcupine Hystrix indica

Lion Panthera leo

Common langur Presbytis entellus

Chital (spotted deer) Axis axis

Bonnet macaque Macaca radiate

Monkey Rhesus

3.12.4 Mangroves

In the study area, Gurupur estuary zone consist of mangroves in discrete patches, in which

Avicennia alba was found to be dominant species.


EIA REPORT

3.12.5 Plantations

Commercial crops viz. Arecanut, Coconut, Pepper, Cashew nut, Clove, fruits like Banana,

Pineapple and jack fruit are grown. Social plantations in industrial areas road sides and

townships include various ornamental plants like Nerium indicum, Polyalthia longifolia, and

Bougainvillea glabra and trees like Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica, Saraka indica and

Leucena lucocephala.

3.12.6 Fauna

3.12.6.1 Mammals

During the preliminary survey, the sighting of wild animals was negligible in the entire

study area. Hence the assessment of wild life fauna has been carried out on the basis of

information collected from the secondary sources (Forest Officer, Fisheries Department,

and local inhabitants).

3.12.6.2 Birds

Species like Eagle (Spilornis cheela),Bhagule (Ardea purpurea), Myna (Sturnus pagodarum),

dove (Streptopelia senegalensis), Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis), Magpie robin (Copsychus

saularis), Racket tailed drongo (Dicrucrus paradiseus) etc. were highly frequent in the

village area. Eagles were mostly observed near by our hotel in Suratkal, Peacocks (Pavo

cristatus) were observed.

3.12.6.3 Fisheries

Dakshina Kannada district is known for marine fishing and the export of fish as well as fish products. Traditionally the state is own as Mackerel coast . The pelagic fishery wealth of the coast, mainly comprises of mackerel and oil sardines, used to be traditionally harvested by operating shore seine known as Rampani . According to the data collected from State Fisheries Department in Manglore, the total fishermen population in the district is 58683.

9489 fishermen are actively engaged in fishing activities and 18,141 fishermen are engaged

in fishing activities as part time acivity .There are 22 fishermen co- operative societies in

the district There are 5 estuaries with 1140 (ha) area. Fishing thus constitutes a major

economic and characteristic feature of the district.


EIA REPORT Shoaling fishes like sardines and mackerel s, tuna, seer fishes, lacarius, pomfrets, silver bellies, scianids sharks, cat fishes etc. are commonly fished out.

Natural Vegetation Mangroves (Gurupur Estuary)

Vegetation on Beaches (Salicornia Sp.)

Vegetation on Beaches (Pandanus

odorifer)


EIA REPORT

Table 3-20 Medicinal Plants Observed in Study Area

Sr. No. Botanical Name

1 Alstonia scholaris

2 Cassia fistula

3 Tridax procumbens

4 Argemone Mexicana

5 Azadirachta indica

6 Mimosa rubicaulis

7 Eucalyptus globules

8 Boerhavia diffusa

9 Hemidesmus indicus

10 Vitex nigundo

Table 3-21 Plantations/Cultivars in Study Area

Sr. No.

Botanical Name

1 Anacardium occidentale

2 Spondias pinnata

3 Mangifera indica

4 Brassica campestris

5 Bombax ceiba

6 Ananas comosus

7 Casuarina equistefolia

8 Bauhinia malabarica

9 Delonix regia

10 Tamarindus indica

11 Terminalia arjuna

12 Phyllanthus emblica

13 Butea frondosa

14 Dalbergia sisso

15 Pongamia pinnata

16 Bambusa arundinacea

17 Dendrocalamus strictus

18 Oryza sativa

19 Saccharum offcinarum


EIA REPORT

Sr. No.

Botanical Name

20 Cicer arietinum

21 Phaseolus mungo

22 Phaseolus aureus

23 Azadirachta indica

24 Acacia catechu

25 Acacia auriculiformis

26 Acacia mangium

27 Albizia lebbeck

28 Artocarpus heterophyllus

29 Eucalyptus globules

30 Syzygium cumini

31 Cocos nucifera

32 Piper nigrum

33 Zizyphus jujube

34 Sterculia companula

35 Capsicum annum

36 Ailanthus malabaricum

37 Zingiber offcinale

38 Curcuma longa

39 Tectona grandis

Source: Working Plan of Mangalore Forest Division (2002- to - Note: * Species observed during field survey


EIA REPORT

Table 3-22 Lower Strata Fauna Observed in Study Area

Sr. No. Zoological Name

1 Common Sailor

2 Blue Pansy

3 Chocolate Pansy

4 Yellow Pansy

5 Aethriamanta brevipennis

6 Brachythemis contaminata

7 Bradenopyga geminate

8 Diplacodes trivialis

9 Orthetrum Sabina

10 Pantala flavescens

11 Ryothemis variegate

12 Trithemis aurora

13 Aschena aurora aurora

14 Enallagma cyathigerum

15 Prodasineura autumnalis

3.13 Socio-Economic Environment

Major developmental activities in industrial sector are to meet the basic as well as

luxurious requirements of civilized modern society, economical development, creation of

employment opportunities (direct as well as indirect), which ultimately results in

improvement of quality of life through upliftment of social, economical, health, education,

infrastructure etc. status in the project region. Almost all industrial developments are also

expected to generate/discharge different forms of pollutants in the surrounding

environment. This may cause natural resource degradation, ecological and human health

risks, unless the development is planned and implemented in a sustainable manner

through implementation of pollution prevention and control measures. In this manner all

developmental projects have direct as well as indirect relationship with socioeconomic


EIA REPORT

aspects. Thus the study of socio-economic component incorporating various facets related

to social & cultural conditions and economic status in the project region is an important

part of EIA study. The study includes demographic structure, population dynamics,

infrastructure resources, status of human health and economic attributes like employment,

per-capita income, agriculture, trade and industrial development etc. The aesthetic

environment refers to the scenic value of the area, tourist attraction, forest and wildlife,

historic and cultural monuments. The studies of these parameters help in identifying,

predicting and evaluating the likely impacts on socioeconomic aspects due to proposed

project developments.


The proposed developmental projects will be commissioned within the MSEZ premises.

The site is situated in rural area, however considerable development has taken place in

neighbouring villages after commissioning of MRPL refinery, HPCL marketing terminal,

BASF India Ltd. etc. The study area covering 10 km radial distance around the refinery site,

mostly (>95%) fall in Mangalore taluk and the balance in Karkal taluk. The study area

consist 48 villages in Mangalore taluk. Major part of study area is covered with highly

undulated/hilly terrain mostly covered with natural vegetation as well as agro forestry

especially in lower parts of hill slopes. The southern part of study area, i.e. towards

Mangalore city is relatively flat terrain (Gurupur river and sea coast) and covered with

number of small/medium scale industries and also few large scale industries like KIOCL,

KISCO and MCF. The infrastructure facilities including road network consisting NH-17(Goa-

Kochi), Bajpe (Mangalore) airport and New Mangalore Port Trust, and Konkan Railway

(network) are well developed in project region. Keeping in view the existing industrial /

commercial activities in Suratkal-Hosabettu-Panamburu area (along NH-17), this belt has

been merged into urban agglomeration of Mangalore city in 2001 census. The present

employment pattern in the study area is mostly agriculture based, coastal fisheries, and to

some extent industrial and commercial activities.


EIA REPORT

3.13.2 Baseline Status

The latest available data has been complied to delineate the baseline socio- economic

profile in study area. The data base thus compiled from secondary sources of various

official records, viz. Census records, District statistical abstract, Primary Health Centres etc.

and primary data collection through field survey as well as the observations by survey

team study period include:

Demographic structure

Infrastructure base road network, communication, electricity,

Education

Health Status

Economic attributes

Socio economic status with reference to Quality of Life

Awareness and opinion of people about the proposed project

The sample villages identified for socioeconomic survey in study area are shown in while

they are listed in subsequent sections.

3.13.2.1 Demographic Structure

The demographic details are compiled from Primary Census Abstract- 2001(CD) of

Karnataka state, which was obtained from the Office of Registrar General India, New Delhi.

The demographic details of the study area are given in subsequent sections while the

summarized information is presented below which highlights information on household,

population, employment, literacy and community structure. The salient features of the

study area are as follows:

Study area (10 km radius around site) consists total 44 villages & 4 wards

(Mangalore urban agglomeration) under the jurisdiction of Mangalore taluka

Total households in study area is 27647

Total population in villages under study area is 137850

Total area in Hectare is 28,074 in the study area

Population density 491 people per sq.km.


EIA REPORT

Sex ratio is considered in the form of No. of females per 1000 males. In the study

area it is 1085, which indicates that females are higher in number than the males.

The average sex ratio at Karnataka state level is only 965(F) : 1000(M), which

indicates females are less in number than males

The overall literacy rate in the study area is 74.46% which is higher than state

average 57.6%

The employment rate in the study area is 42.71%

Scheduled caste population is 6.39%

Scheduled tribes are 2.41% of total population

In comparison with the demographic profile of study area in 1991, the total

population is almost doubled in 2001, while there is only marginal increase in

overall literacy rate.

3.13.2.2 Infrastructure

The infrastructure resources base of the study area with reference to education, medical

facility, water supply, post & telegraph, transportation & communication, power supply

facility is presented in subsequent sections. The infrastructure resources details have been

abstracted from village Directory CD-2001 of Karnataka state.

Education: As per 2001 village directory record excepting Kilenjur village of Manglore

taluka all the villages of study area are having educational facilities in the form of primary

school. Some village having Middle school and Secondary Higher Educational schools

facility. Adult literacy center facility is available in five villages, College facility is having in

four villages and Industrial School only in Paduperar village and Training School is only

available in Kemral village. Existing villagers are going to nearest town or talukas for giving

higher education.

Medical Facility: Most of the villages having health facility in the form of Primary health

Sub center. Other health facility available in form of MCW, MH, CWC, HC, PHC, FWC and NH.

Exceptional Delanthabettu, Kenjar, Paduperar, Chelur are four villages not having any

health facility.)


EIA REPORT

Drinking Water: The water supply in the study area is through wells, tap water, hand

pumps Tube well, river and canal allied sources. Source of Drinking Water is shown in

subsequent sections.

Power Supply: Almost all villages are electrified in the region and electricity used for all-

purpose in all the villages.

Approach Road: Most of the villages having road approach routes are either paved road,

mud road or foot path.

Communication and Transportation: Almost all villages having Bus service in the region.

Most of the villages in the study area have to available the communication facility i.e. post

office, Telegraph Office, Post and Telegraph Office and as well as Telephone connections in

the region.

3.13.2.3 Health Status

Health of the people is not only a desirable goal, but it is also an essential investment in

human resources. As per the National Health Policy (1983), Primary Health Care has been

accepted as main instrument for achieving this goal of development and strengthening

rural health infrastructure through a three-tier system, viz. sub - centre, primary health

centre (PHC) and community health center (CHC), which have been established.

Lack of building, shortage of manpower and inadequate provision of drug supplies are

hampering the operation of these units. The standards to be met according to National

Health Policy are given below:

Table 3-23 Standards according to National Health Policy

Population Infrastructure Personnel

3,000 – 5,000 1 Sub centre 1 ANM

25,000 – 30,000 1 PHC, 6 beds 2 Medical officers

1,00,000 Rural Medical superintendent

During discussion it was revealed that the general prevailing diseases in the project region

are malaria, diarrhea, dysentery and viral fever. The health problems as reported could be


EIA REPORT

attributed to improper sanitation, mosquito nuisance and also water logging in the villages.

Vital Health Statistics Data (Mortality Rate and Morbidity Pattern 2009 – 2010) in Study

Area is presented in subsequent sections.

3.13.2.4 Economic Attributes

Economic resource base of any region mainly depends upon its economically active group

i.e. the working population involved in productive work. Work- Work may be defined as

participation in any economically productive activity. Such participation may be physical or

mental in nature. Work involves not actual work but also effective supervision and

direction of work. It also includes unpaid work on farm or in family enterprise

There are different types of workers that may be classified as - Those persons who had

worked for at least six months or 183 days are treated to be Main Workers, on the other

hand if person categorized as worker has participated in any economic or productive

activity for less than six months or 183 days during the last one year are treated as

Marginal Workers and Non – Workers are those who have not worked any time at all in the

year preceding the enumeration.

The workers coming under the main and marginal workers category are; cultivators,

agricultural labors, live stock, forestry, fishing, hunting, and plantations, orchards and allied

activities, mining and quarrying, manufacturing, processing, servicing and repairs in

household industry, construction trade and commerce, transport, storage and

communication, other services. The summary of employment pattern in study area is as

follows.

Main worker population in the study area is 58883 (42.71%)

Majority of the worker i.e.33089 (56.19%) are engaged as other activities

workers and household is 17303 (29.38%)

There are 5124 (8.70%) and 3367 (5.71%) workers as cultivators and

agriculture worker

Total marginal worker in the study area are 7902 (5.73%)

Unemployment level is high in the region as non-worker population shares more

than half of the total population in the region i.e71065. (51.55%) Non-worker


EIA REPORT

population includes student, household duties, dependent, pensioner, beggar and

others.

3.13.2.5 Cultural and Aesthetic Attributes

Dakshina Kannada district has been reckoned for location of historical places, picturesque

spots and religious centers. The district embodies a number of religious centers like temples, churches and mosques. The socio economic activities of Father Muller s Medical trust and Canara Diocese in the Dakshina Kannada district also are the trend setters. The

classic Yakshgana a dance drama performance is a unique event in Karnataka. A night long

event, with people acting vibrantly and dancing to the beat of drums, Yakshagana

performance attracts people from all over places. Hulivesha (tiger dance) is a unique form

of folk dance in Dakshina Kannada that young and the old alike. As per tourism department,

the popular tourist/pilgrim places in Dakshina Kannada district and the relative distances

from proposed project site are given subsequent sections. The temples in project area are

neither notified nor recorded by the state government, but according to the local people

these temples are of highly religious importance in the surrounding area.

3.13.3 Socio-economic Survey

In order to assess and evaluate the likely impacts arising out of any developmental project

on socio-economic environment, it is necessary to gauge the apprehensions of the people in

the project area. Socio-economic survey serves as an effective tool for fulfilling this

requirement. The nearby 15 No. villages identified for socio-economic survey the list is given in subsequent sections. Sarpanch of each village and respondents adult s male-

female) were chosen for the collection of awareness and opinion, by using purposive

judgmental sampling method representing various socio-economic sections of the

community.

The salient observations recorded during the survey are:

Literacy level amongst the respondents is high. People expecting job facility in near by

industry as per their qualification

Mainly wood is used as fuel for cooking purpose and very few are using LPG fuel


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Bore wells are the main source of drinking water supply. Portability also appears to be

good. People reported water scarcity problem in the summer season, may be due to hilly

area

Sanitation facilities are not satisfactory in some villages. Due to improper planning of

drainage system respondents have reported the problem of mosquito nuisance

Health facilities are available within the study area and some villagers are required to go

5-10 km for medical facilities

In most of the villages, respondents reported that their monthly income is nearly Rs.

4,000-5,000/- Unemployment problem is grave in the study area.

The mode of transport is buses and they are most frequent. The respondents expressed

satisfaction with respect to transportation facilities

All villages have electric supply, but power cut is frequent problem.

Table 3-24 Demographic Summary

Demographic Parameters Details

No. of Talukas 1

No. of Villages 44

No. of Urban areas (Part of Mangalore) 4

Total no. of Households 27647

Total Population 137850

Population Density 491.02

Sex ratio (N0. of female\ 1000 males 1085

Scheduled castes (%) 8810(6.39%)

Scheduled Tribes (%) 3325(2.41%)

Literate (%) 102647(74.46%)

Main workers (%) 58883(42.71%)

Marginal Workers (%) 7902(5.73%)

Non- workers (%) 71065(51.55%)

Source: Primary Census Abstract, Census of India CD-2001, Dakshina Kannada District, State

Karnataka


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Table 3-25 Pilgrim/Tourist Places in Dakshina Kannada District

Sr.

No.

Name of the place Approximate Distance

from Project site

1. Benkinatheswara (Lord Shiva) Temple

(Kalavar village)

Located Within project

site (Shift/Rehabilitation )

2. Shibaroor Temple (Delantabettu village) 4km

3. Durga Parameshwari temple (Kateel) 6 km

4. Pilikula Nisargadhama 7 km

5. ST. Aloysius chapel & Museum (Mangalore

city)

10-15 km

6. ST. Milagres church (Mangalore city) 10-15 km

7. ST. Rosario Cathedral (Mangalore city) 10-15 km

8. Sulthan Batthery (Mangalore city) 10-15 km

9. Tagore Parle (Mangalore city) 10-15 km

10. Lokarnanath temple (Mangalore city) 10-15 km

11. Kadri Manjunath Temple (Mangalore city) 10-15 km

12. Thousand Pillars Basadi (Moodbidri) 20 km


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4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION

MEASURES

4.1 Introduction

Environmental Impact is any change in the environmental attributes, adverse or beneficial,

caused or induced by the proposed action or set of actions. The predicted adverse impacts

during each stage of project development are superimposed over the baseline status of the

existing environmental quality to infer the scenario of environmental conditions in the

post-project stage. The main purpose of identifying the impacts is that it helps in adopting

appropriate mitigation measures for the adverse consequences if any.

This Chapter focuses on predicting and evaluating the various significant impacts that are

likely to occur. The impacts on the environmental indices viz. air, water, soil, noise,

biological and socioeconomic conditions are scrutinized methodically and assessed.

The most likely impacts on the environment due to the proposed project need to be

appraised during the two different phases of the project namely pre-

operation/construction phase and operation phase. The particulars on impacts that could

be triggered on the environmental attributes by the activities of the proposed project are

discussed below.

4.2 Construction Phase

Impact assessment during the pre-operation phase of the project is of importance as the

construction activities lead to adverse effects on the environment on a short term basis.

The major activities that are undertaken during this phase are civil works, mechanical

works, machinery works and transportation works.

During the construction phase, the following activities among many are considered to be

important towards creating environmental impacts:

a) Site preparation (fencing, boundary & clearing of site)

b) Excavation, backfilling and levelling


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c) Hauling and dumping of earth materials & construction spoils

d) Foundation works

e) Fabrication erection of Steel structures such as, Tanks, Pipelines and Sheds.

f) Construction of internal roads, drains & water supply

g) Painting and finishing

h) Cleaning, landscaping and plantations

4.3 Land Environment

4.3.1 Impacts

The activities carried out during the establishment of this industry will involve a change in

the land use from an open industrial land to a built up industrial land, which will pose the

following impacts on the land environment.

Compaction of soil and a change in the soil structure due to the use of heavy

construction vehicles and machinery

Removal of soil from the site

Mixing of the topsoil and subsoil

Dispersion of dust

4.3.2 Mitigation measures

1) Employing techniques such as restricting access during wet conditions, using

protective boarding and low ground pressure machinery to minimize compaction of

soil

2) The removed soil will be properly stored for subsequent reinstatement

3) Reuse of excess excavated material for road development, green belt development

and landscaping

4) A well designed closed depository for storage of construction materials to prevent

land/soil pollution


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5) Effective stabilization of altered landforms to minimize soil erosion and the

potential for water pollution (e.g. Vegetation)

6) Reuse of construction wastes such as sand, brick, gravel, cement for developing

internal road and project structures.

4.4 Air Environment

4.4.1 Impacts

The activities that might lead to a decline in the local air quality due to generation of dust

are

Site Preparation-fencing, boundary and clearing of site will cause disturbance to the

surroundings

Excavation, backfilling, leveling,

Hauling and dumping of earth materials and construction spoils,

Foundation works can cause dust generation which will decrease the air quality and

it can impact the labours working.

Fabrication, erection of steel structures such as tanks, pipelines and sheds,

Construction of internal roads, drains and water supply

Cleaning and landscaping


1) Barricading the construction area and minimizing exposed areas to reduce dust

generation

2) Areas generating dust during dry weather will be sprayed with water

3) Conserving the existing vegetation screens to act as a barrier to dust

4) Appropriate enclosed areas for storage of construction materials

5) Facilitating the workers with the required personal protective equipments

6) Efficient usage and maintenance of equipments/machineries to lower air emissions,

noise pollution and consumption of energy resource

7) Exhaust vent of DG set will be provided with adequate stack height to ensure quick

dispersal of gaseous emissions


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8) Periodic monitoring and maintenance of transport vehicles to check on the quality

of emission to be within permissible limits and consumption of fuel

9) Regular inspection of construction site to ensure timely removal and disposal of

construction debris to the dumping sites or for recycle/reuse

4.5 Water Environment

4.5.1 Impacts

Contamination of watercourses by leakage from fuel and materials storage areas

Oil and suspended solids in run-off from vehicles and access roads

Use of heavy machinery and vehicles causes compaction of topsoil due to which a

change in the surface water drainage patters may occur


1) The water demand during the construction phase will be met from the private water

suppliers

2) Impenetrable lining will be provided to storage premises to avoid accidental mixing

or fugitive losses.

3) Storehouse will be located at a distance away from the water storage area to

prevent accidental release or spillage

4) Proper management of rain water run-off during monsoon and creating bunds to

utilize the rain water for construction purpose

5) An appropriate water management system will be implemented

4.6 Noise Environment

4.6.1 Impacts

The major sources of noise generation at the construction site are pneumatic hammers,

compressors, concrete mixers, operating machinery, horns and acoustic signals,

communication among workers.

Noise nuisance causes discomfort and health related issues in those who work at the site

and those who reside in the neighboring villages


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1) Barricading the construction site

2) The existing green belt will help in reducing the noise nuisance

3) Selection of equipments of high quality

4) Proper planning and organizing of construction activities which will help in avoiding

loud verbal exchanges between the intervening parties

5) Transportation activities will be carried out only during the day and only in case of

emergency, the transportation activities will be permitted in night time

6) The vehicles used for construction activities and transportation of materials will be

provided with the horn of low noise level as recommended by RTO/ concerned

authorities

7) Minimization of operation time of noisy equipment and operation of

machineries/equipment that generate high levels of noise only during day time

8) Inadequate use of plant and equipment, namely, running on full power when the

work does not necessitate it will be avoided

9) Personal protective equipments, education and public awareness and exposure

control through rotation of work will be provided to the workers engaged in

construction activities in the area generating high levels of noise

4.7 Waste Generation

Sources of waste are construction debris such as bricks, steel scrap, wooden scrap, sand,

gravel etc.


1) Prior to commencement of construction works, assessment of materials required,

location and planning of available space for its storage will be conducted

2) Quality control will be implemented to reject defective materials at the time of

delivery thus avoiding later disposal

3) Stockpiles of sand, gravel, soil will be situated in such a manner that they do not spill

or washed onto the adjacent roads

4) Materials that come in will be labeled and the date of receiving will be recorded


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5) Preparation of a proper waste management system which includes identification of

wastes, collection, segregation, storage and disposal methods

6) Recycling and reuse of certain construction debris

7) Spent oils and other lubricants from equipment will be collected in enclosed

containers before disposing it to approved recyclers

4.8 Ecology

The proposed facility is being established in the notified industrial area, hence no impacts

have been expected to arise on the biological environment. Except for the removal of

weeds, the ecological status of the site is well maintained by conserving the existing green

belt at the site.

4.9 Social Environment

The impacts of construction activities is beneficial on the social environment as it

contributes to the economic and social development by providing employment to about

200 workers during the construction phase and thereby raising the standards of living and

quality of life.

Procuring of construction materials locally leads to increase in trading opportunities.

4.10 Operation Phase

From an environmental perspective, this phase is of paramount significance due to its

potential to invoke long-term impacts. The adverse effects that are likely to occur during

this operational phase of the project are: Air Pollution (gaseous emissions), Effluent

generation, noise generation, solid waste generation.

4.10.1 Air Environment

Base line data reveals that ambient air quality in the study area for the Parameters SPM,

SO2 & NO2, are well within the permissible Limits as prescribed by the National Ambient

Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for Industrial Area, Residential, Rural & Other areas.

The major air pollution sources from the industry are DG sets, boilers and reactors. The DG

set and boiler sources are provided with stacks of adequate height so as to disperse the


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emanating flue gases containing suspended particulate matter, oxides of sulfur and

nitrogen without affecting the ground level concentrations. The emissions generated from

the reactors are scrubbed out by wet scrubbers.

Meteorological Data

The site specific meteorological data for three months from November 2015 to January

2016 were obtained from onsite metrological station. Other data included for AERMET

were daily wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity, air pressure,

precipitation, and solar radiation recorded during the period. AERMET reformats

meteorological data so that it can be used as input for AERMOD model.

AERMET PROCESS

For the 3 phase AERMET processing of the meteorological data, specifications of the land

use in the area are required to determine the terrain roughness for modelling. The land use

was characterized for in and around the site. The surface characteristics for the site and

surroundings were selected and used to calculate the albedo, Bowen ratio, and surface

roughness parameter.

The meteorological data were processed in the AERMET software to generate wind flow

pattern & to generate surface meteorological data and profile meteorological data in a

prescribed format that can be fed to AERMOD for modeling.

4.5.1.3 AERMOD PROCESS

AERMOD Software Version 7.5.0 was used for air dispersion modelling and is applicable to

a wide range of buoyant or neutrally buoyant emissions up to a range of 50km. In addition

to more straight forward cases, AERMOD is also suitable for complex terrain and urban

dispersion scenarios.

AERMOD is a steady-state plume model. In the stable boundary layer (SBL), it assumes the

concentration distribution to be Gaussian in both the vertical and horizontal. In the

convective boundary layer (CBL), the horizontal distribution is also assumed to be

Gaussian, but the vertical distribution is described with a bi-Gaussian probability density

function (pdf). This behaviour of the concentration distributions in the CBL was

demonstrated by Willis and Deardorff (1981) and Briggs (1993). Additionally, in the CBL, AERMOD treats plume lofting, whereby a portion of plume mass, released from a buoyant


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source, rises to and remains near the top of the boundary layer before becoming mixed into

the CBL. AERMOD also tracks any plume mass that penetrates into the elevated stable

layer, and then allows it to re-enter the boundary layer when and if appropriate. For

sources in both the CBL and the SBL AERMOD treats the enhancement of lateral dispersion

resulting from plume meander. The emissions from proposed stacks have been considered

for the air dispersion modeling as shown in table 4.1

Table 4-1 Proposed Stack Emission details

Source Temp

(0 C)

Heig

ht of

Stack

(m)

Fuel

consum

ed

Emissio

n rate

for SOx

(g/sec)

Emissio

n rate

for NOx

(g/sec)

Emissio

n rate

for SPM

(g/sec)

Stac

k

insid

e dia

(m)

Gas

exit

Velocit

y

(m/s)

Gas exit

flow

rate(m3/

s)

Boiler

(8000

kg/hr)

447 30 Furnace

Oil

0.5003 0.2373 0.34012 0.80 15.219 7.65

DG

2500KV

A

444 20 Diesel

0.01882 0.3981 0.1882 0.4 14.324 1.8

DG

2500KV

A

444 20 Diesel

0.01882 0.3981 0.1882 0.4 14.324 1.8

Reactor

scrubbe

r stack

315 25 Process

0.203 0.263 0.346 0.1 2 0.044


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Figure 4-1 Maximum incremental value for SO2 during daytime


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Figure 4-2 Maximum incremental value for NOX during daytime


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Figure 4-3 Maximum incremental value for NOX during daytime


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Table 4-2 Predicted GLC for Proposed Stack

Parameters Baseline

data

(µg/m3)

Estimated

Maximum

Incremental

Concentration

(µg/m3)

Predicted

Maximum

GLC

(µg/m3)

Direction &

Distance

NAAQ

Standard

Limits

(CPCB

2009) in

µg/m3 SOX 12 5 17 Within site 80

NOX 19 4 23 Within site 80

PM 65.29 8 73.29 Within site 100

As seen from the above table the concentration levels arising from the proposed new

facility for manufacturing are well within the NAAQ limits.

4.10.2 Water Environment

Total water requirement for the plant is 1078 KLD which is met by MSEZL from

Nethravathi and Gurupura river.

4.10.2.1 Mitigation measures

1) The site will have well developed storm water layout and rain water harvesting pits

to maximize groundwater discharge

2) Domestic sewage generated will be treated through STP and reused for green belt

development

3) The effluent generated from the process will be disposed to CETP of MSEZL after

primary and secondary treatment at the plant.

4.10.3 Noise Environment

The major source of noise pollution in the industry is DG sets, boilers and reactors. DG sets

are provided with integral acoustic enclosures. Also the ambient noise levels will be

ensured within the ambient standards by inbuilt design of mechanical equipment and

buildings apart from vegetation along the periphery and at various locations within the

industry premises.


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4.11 Land Environment

As the manufacturing facility will be located within the notified MSEZL Industrial area, the

proposed activity does not change the land use classification of the site.


1) Designated solid waste storage area will be allocated within the site.

2) Agreement will be made with TSDF for safe disposal of hazardous wastes

4.12 Socio-Economic Environment

It creates employment to a total of 811 persons.


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5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

Prior to deciding the final project site for establishing the proposed manufacturing

facility, a comparative analysis of various alternatives available are considered and

screened in order to choose an apt location that will have minimum environmental

impacts due to the proposed activity. The alternatives selected for analysis will be

based on the following factors -Site alternatives, Fuel alternatives, Water supply

alternatives, Technology alternatives, and the relative impact of each alternative is

compared against the baseline environment to select a preferred alternative.

The Project alternatives with mitigation measures and without mitigation measures

are analyzed before choosing the proposed alternatives. The objective of this chapter is

to highlight some of the salient issues considered for exercising the alternative options.

5.1 SITE SELECTION

The criterion for site selection included the below mentioned points:

The project site shall not require displacement of habitation as it is located

inside the MSEZL industrial area.

MSEZL provides all the necessary facilities-infrastructure, power supply, water

supply.

The power required will be sourced from MSEZ and the water requirement will

be met by MSEZL from Nethravathi and Gurupura river.

The project site has access to the national highway, railway station, airport and

port.

No alternative site has been considered due to the benefits of the above site.

With its innovative technology the project is expected to meet the market demands of

the pharmaceutical products that will aid in addressing the issues in healthcare as well

as lead to economic prosperity.


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6 Environmental Monitoring Program (EMP)

6.1 Introduction

The primary aim of environmental monitoring program is to formulate a systematic,

site-specific plan for monitoring the environmental parameters within the impact

area, during and after commissioning of the project, which would aid in assessing the

effectiveness of mitigation and environmental protection measures implemented for

the proposed project based on the existing environmental scenario and the probable

environmental impacts appraisal.

The plan framed for the intended facility will describe:

The details of the proposed mitigation measures taken for safeguarding the

environment at the project site as well as in the vicinity of the industrial site

Details of management plans (Greenbelt development plan, Solid waste

management plan etc

Post project environmental monitoring programme to be undertaken after

commissioning of the project.

The associated cost components of the pollution control systems that will be

installed at the site.

For each of the environmental attributes, the monitoring plan specifies the parameters

to be monitored, location of monitoring sites, frequency and duration of monitoring and

it also denotes the applicable standards, implementation and supervising

responsibilities.

6.2 Objectives

Ensure day to day operational activities are conducted in a manner in compliance

with the applicable regulatory approvals including legislation and industry

standards

Evaluate the adequacy of mitigation and pollution control measures implemented

for reducing the adverse impacts caused during the construction and operation


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stage and suggest additional mitigation measures, if appropriate, in the light of the

results

Define a detailed framework to monitor and document for achieving full compliance

with statutory requirements

Encourage good environmental management practices through planning,

commitment and continuous improvement

Develop clearly defined environmental monitoring program designed to assess the

nature and extent of environmental impacts of the proposed operations and

progressively refine such programs against the targets

Define roles and responsibilities of site personnel and ensure that all people onsite

are fully informed of their responsibilities and accountabilities with regard to the

environment

To comply with all regulations stipulated by the Central Pollution Control Board

(CPCB)/ State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) related to air emission and liquid

effluent discharge as per air and water pollution control act/ laws

To handle hazardous wastes as per the Hazardous Waste (Management and

Handling) Rules, 1989 and subsequent amendments

Review, improve and update environmental management procedures and standards

Establish response procedures for actual/potential environmental impacts

including community complaints and ensure corrective action is taken

Perspective budgeting and allocation of funds for environmental management

expenditure, Continuous development and search for innovative technologies for a

cleaner and better environment

6.3 Environmental Management Plan during Construction Phase

Environmental impacts during the construction phase can be attributed to the site

preparation activity and the mobilization of workforce. The impacts of the

construction phase on the environment would be basically of transient nature and are

expected to wear out gradually on completion of the construction programme.

However, once the construction of the project is completed and its operations started,


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these operation stage impacts would overlap the impacts due to the construction

activities.

In order to mitigate such impacts and restrict them within tolerable levels, the

following measures shall be adopted:

1. Proper and prior planning of approach and access roads, and appropriate sequencing

and scheduling of all major construction activities.

2. Adoption of appropriate soil conservation programme and its timely implementation in

the proposed project site.

3. Initiation of an appropriate landscape programme including plantation of trees and

flowering plants in and around the project site particularly, at all available spaces which

would serve the dual purpose of controlling fugitive dust and abatement of noise levels in

addition to improving the aesthetics of the area.

4. Water sprinkling in the vulnerable areas to suppress the dust generated during

excavation, levelling and other operations.

5. Use of properly tuned construction machinery & vehicles in good working condition

with low noise & emission and engines turned off when not in use.

6. Control of quality of construction wastewater within the construction site through

suitable drainage system with traps for arresting the sediment load for its proposed

disposal into the main natural drainage system around the site.

7. Implementation of suitable disposal methods of sediment/ construction debris at

designated places to avoid water logging at construction site.

8. Provision of protective gears such as ear mufflers etc. for construction personnel

exposed to high noise levels and locating the temporary labour sheds for housing the

construction labourers away from the construction site.


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6.4 Environmental management plan during Operation phase

The control measures that will be undertaken during the operation phase to mitigate

the impacts that may be caused during the operation of the project are as follows:

Periodic monitoring of the environmental attributes to check the adequacy and

effectiveness of the pollution control measures employed

The major sources of emission are D.G sets, boiler stack, production block (reactor)

scrubber stacks which will be of adequate height to disperse the pollutants.

Adequate green belt has been developed to mitigate the pollution arising due to

movement of vehicles. Regular monitoring of DG-Stack and Ambient air quality will

be carried out.

Appropriate treatment of liquid effluents generated at the site-Domestic

wastewater will be treated in STP. The high TDS waste water generated from the

process will be subjected to MEE Plant for treatment and the low TDS waste water

generated will be subjected to primary and secondary treatment plant and then

disposed to CETP of MSEZL.

Noise pollution will be curbed by using proper acoustic enclosures for D.G sets and

reactors, thereby the ambient noise levels will be maintained below the CPCB limits

of 75 dB for industrial areas. Personal protective equipments will be provided to

those workers who work in areas of high noise.

Rainwater harvesting system has been designed to utilize the underground water

system sustainably.

Proper maintenance of greenbelt will be ensured.

Adequate safety measures conforming to the occupational health and safety policy

will be taken to prevent accidents/hazards to the workers.


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6.5 Fire Management Systems

6.5.1 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Suitability of fire extinguishers

Depending on the combustible material, fires have been classified into four types.

Suitability of extinguishing media for different fires is as follows:

S. No Class of fire Suitable Fire

Extinguisher

1

Class A

(Organic Material i.e. wood, papers,

rubber & plastics)

DCP, Mechanical Foam

2

Class B

(Flammable Liquid and Flammable

Gases i.e., Petroleum Products,

Paints, Chemicals etc.)

Mechanical Foam, CO2 and DCP

3 Class C

(Electrical) DCP and CO2

4

Class D

(Flammable Metals i.e. Magnesium,

Sodium, and Potassium etc.)

Special DCP, Sand

CO2 extinguishers are available in case of any fire emergency.

Operation of DCP fire extinguisher

DCP type of fire extinguisher contains Sodium bicarbonate should be used for B and

C type of fires.

DCP type of fire extinguisher contains TEC should be used for D Class fire. DCP type of fire extinguisher is available in various capacities i.e.5 kg, 10 kg, 22 kg

and 50 kg etc.

DCP type of fire extinguisher contains mono ammonium phosphate can be used for

A, B, C class fire.


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Operation of 5 kg & 10 kg DCP fire extinguishers(Cartridge type/Stored

pressure type)

When there is a fire noticed, take the nearest DCP extinguisher and remove the

safety clip.

Hold the hose of the extinguisher in left hand away from the face and strike the knob

for cartridge type extinguisher/press the valve for stored pressure type fire

extinguisher with right hand.

Hold the extinguisher in right hand and direct the hose of the extinguisher with left

hand.

The flow of powder has to be directed in such a manner that it has to hit the base of

the fire. Use the extinguisher till the fire is extinguished completely.

Operation of 50kg DCP fire extinguishers

Pull the fire extinguisher, position in near fire area and hold the hose of the fire

extinguishers.

Turn the knob of the CO2 cylinder anti clockwise.

DCP Powder starts flowing out of the extinguisher.

After extinguishing the fire completely turn the knob of the CO2 cylinder anti

clockwise.

Operation of Mechanical Foam fire extinguisher (Cartridge type/Stored pressure

type)

When there is a fire noticed, take the nearest MF Extinguisher and remove the safety

clip.

Hold the hose of the extinguisher in left hand away from face and strike the knob for

cartridge type extinguisher/press the valve for stored pressure type fire

extinguisher with right hand.

Precautions during the fire extinguisher operation

Only trained personnel should handle the fire extinguisher and correct fire

extinguisher for the type of fire should be used.

Use an extinguisher only after warning the other occupants of building about the

fire by activating the alarm (Ref: S/EHS/SOP/007).


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Do not attempt to put off a fire that is unconfined or spreading or that is of a

different type than what the available extinguisher is designed for.

Do not try to put off a fire, with two different extinguishers.

Do not allow the fire to come between you and the exit.

Monitor the situation after a fire is apparently out to guard against

unexpected/undetected re-ignition.

Fire extinguisher users should report any usage/emptying/ leak of extinguishers to

the EHS department for replacement and necessary corrective action.

Area representative need to monitor while servicing.

Fire Alarm System

Automated Fire Alarm System is equipped with smoke detector/flame

detector/heat detector.

Smoke/Flame/Heat is sensed by the sensors in the detectors which alarms

automatically and this is displayed in the fire Alarm panel.

Once the alarm is heard by the Incident Controller/Site Controller, they should rush

to the spot and suitable action shall be taken (Refer EHS SOP: S/EHS SOP/010,

Emergency Preparedness and Response)

Functions of fire alarm panel:

Action in case of Fire:

Identify the affected area from the LCD screen.

Press up and down arrow key on the numeric key pad to know the device address,

type and its location.

In case of multiple alarms, type password '1234' and press enter to know the

devices. Start accepting the events as per the instructions in the window.

Rush to the particular spot and extinguish the fire using the suitable fire

extinguisher.

Press silence to silence the panel s audio alarm and the external hooters. Press Reset to restore the system back to normal condition after mitigating the

emergency situation.


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Action in case of Fault:

Identify the affected device from the LCD screen.

Press the up & down arrow key on the numeric key pad to know the device address,

type and its location.

In case of multiple alarms, type password '1234' and press enter to know the

devices. Start accepting the events as per the instructions in the window.

Press 'silence' to silence the panel s audio alarm. Take corrective action and make sure that the system returns to normal status, once

the fault is rectified.

Press Reset to restore the system back to normal condition. If the detectors fail to detect Flame/Smoke/Heat, employees can use Manual Call

Point during emergency for alerting others.

Types of Manual Call Point (MCP) available in the organization

Break glass type

Handling of Break glass type MCP

If anybody observes any fire or explosion, toxic release or loss of containment in any

part of the site and wants to raise an alarm, they should go to the nearest Manual

Call Point (MCP) and break the glass of that MCP by using the hammer which is kept

near the MCP.

Once the glass gets broken, the red button inside the MCP gets released and an

alarm is heard in the hooter.

Once the alarm is heard by the Incident Controller/Site Controller, the personnel

should rush to the spot where the MCP is broken and suitable action is taken.(Refer:

S/EHS/SOP/010)

For resetting the system the red button is pressed again and the glass which has got

broken is replaced.

Now the system is back for operation.

Pull type MCP

If anybody notices any fire or explosion, toxic release or loss of containment in any

part of the site and wants to raise an alarm, the personnel should go to the nearest


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Manual Call Point (MCP) and pull down the T shaped handle which is connected to

the Switch ON button.

As soon as the button gets ON, an alarm is heard in the hooter.

Once the alarm is heard by the Incident Controller/Site Controller, they should rush

to the spot where the MCP is broken and takes suitable action (Refer:

S/EHS/SOP/010).

Reset a fire alarm pull station after it has been operated normally which requires

hex key (available at E&M department).

Open the pull station and handle to go back to its original position, allowing the

alarm to be reset from the fire alarm control panel after the station has been closed.

Now the system is back for operation.

Fire Hydrant system

Fire Hydrant system consists of:

Fire Hydrant(SH System)

Pump House

Unit trolley/Foam trolley

Hose reel drum

Sprinkler system

Operation of Single Hydrant/ Fire Escape Hydrant Box:

The entire complex is covered by an automatic Fire hydrant system for external use

and Fire escape hydrant system for internal use.

Single hydrant/Fire escape hydrant is to be used only in case of a fire emergency.

Whenever a fire is noticed, raise an alarm immediately and follow procedure as per

EHS SOP No.: S/EHS/SOP/007, Handling of Fire Alarm System.

Break the glass on the left side of the fire hose box.

Remove the key from the enclosure.

Open the fire hose box using the key.

Take out one of the fire hoses from hose box.

Unroll the hose by holding the locks of female coupling.

Connect the male coupling to the Single hydrant/Fire escape hydrant.

http://wapedia.mobi/en/Hex_key

http://wapedia.mobi/en/Fire_alarm_control_panel


EIA REPORT

Remove the branch pipe from fire hose box and fix it to female coupling of the

firehose.

Give signal to the person to open the valve of the Single hydrant/Fire escape

hydrant slowly.

Open the valve as much as required.

After the emergency call off, close the valve of Single hydrant/Fire escape hydrant.

Stop the Diesel Engine driven pump from the panel.

Disconnect the hose and the branch pipe and drain the holdup water from the fire

hose and spread it out for drying.

After the hose is dried, roll it up by keeping the female coupling inside.

Place the hose and branch pipe inside the hose box.

Lock the hose box using the key.

NOTE: In case of fire, inform engineering and maintenance about the location of the

fire.

Pump House: The detail of pump house is tabulated as below.

S.No Pump Capacity Mode of

operation

1 Jockey Pump-Hydrant 10.8 m3 /hr Auto ON/OFF

2 Electrically Driven Pump-

Hydrant 273m3 /hr Auto ON

3 Diesel Engine Driven

Pump-Hydrant 273m3 /hr Auto ON

4 Jockey Pump- Sprinkler 10.8 m3 /hr Auto ON/OFF

5 Electrically Driven Pump-

Sprinkler 173 m3 /hr Auto ON

6 Diesel Engine Driven 173 m3 /hr Auto ON


EIA REPORT

Pump- Sprinkler

The capacity of each of the two tanks is 405m3 and the total capacity is 810 m3.

Among the two, one is sprinklers system and the other is hydrant system.

7.0 Kg/sq cm of pressure should be maintained in fire hydrant lines.

When the system pressure drops to set pressure (7.0 Kg/cm2 to 6.0 Kg/cm2) the

jockey pump comes into operation automatically to restore the system pressure and

stops automatically.

On receiving emergency (fire) call, EHS should ensure that the Electrical pump

starts automatically at the preset pressure (6.0 Kg/cm2). In case if it fails in auto

mode, start the first pump manually. If it fails, start the second pump manually.

If there is any further drop in pressure of the hydrant lines until set pressure 5.00

Kg/sq cm, stand by diesel engine driven pumps (sequentially) starts automatically.

Ensure that the stand by diesel engine driven pumps (sequentially) starts

automatically when the Electrical pump set is incapable of maintaining the set

pressures. In case of failure start the pump manually.

On receipt of intimation from safety squad after mitigation of fire, switch "OFF" all

main pumps and reset the system.

Operation of Foam Trolley

Connect male coupling of hose to the nearest hydrant points and female coupling to

the mobile foam unit.

Take another hose from the hose box connect male coupling to the mobile unit and

female coupling to foam making branch.

Open the foam unit valve.

Hold the branch properly towards the fire.

Open the hydrant valve gradually.

Spread the foam all over the area until fire completely put off.

Once the fire put off, close the valve of foam unit.

Close the Hydrant valve.


EIA REPORT

Roll the hose after drying and keep in the hose box and another hose in the Foam

unit.

Refill the foam concentration and place it on original location.

Operation Hose Reel Drum

Pull the hose reel from the drum and then open the valve provided in the fire escape

hydrant point.

Turn ON nozzle by rotating it clockwise direction. Aim the water stream in the

direction of fire.

After completion of the operation, turn OFF nozzle by rotating it anticlockwise

direction.

Close the valve provided in the fire escape hydrant. Roll back the hose reel in to the

drum.

Operation of Sprinkler System:

The sprinkler system is installed in S11and S17.

If the temperature rises to 68 °C, the Quartzoid bulb of that particular area will

burst.

As soon as the Quartzoid bulb bursts, sprinkler system gets activated followed by

hooting of Wet Alarm.

After completion of the operation, the Quartzoid bulb has to be replaced by closing

the wet alarm valve followed by opening of drain valve.

Emergency safety equipment

Training on Emergency safety equipment shall be conducted by EHS on a regular

basis and employee should be trained on operation of Emergency safety equipment

before handling.

Emergency safety cupboard consists of different equipment (based on the activities

carried out) as listed in Annexure-01 and Operation and maintenance of safety

equipment is as follows:


EIA REPORT

Operation of SCBA (Self Contained Breathing Apparatus)

Procedure for wearing Equipment:

Extend shoulder straps and waist belt. Put on the equipment.

Fasten the buckle and then pull the ends of waist belt away

from buckle until secure and comfortable on the hip. Tuck ends

in belt loops.

Pull down the shoulder straps until the equipment is secure

and comfortable. Tuck strap ends under waist belt.

Extend face piece head harness straps, leaving center straps in

position. Put neck strap over neck

Before opening the cylinder valve press reset button.

Open the cylinder valve fully to pressurize the system and

check the pressure gauge.

Carry out pressure leak test.

Procedure for wearing Face piece:

Fit harness overhead. Pull it back until the head strap fits

smoothly.

Adjust mask until it fits properly

Tighten the neck straps and temple straps evenly and tighten the

front strap as necessary.

Breathe normally through vent system. During venting observe the gauge-waist

alarm. The alarm should blow at cylinder pressure of 55 bar ± 5 bar.

SCBA - Face piece

Remove the equipment in a safe and hazard free area.

Unbuckle the waist belt, lift shoulder strap buckles to loosen and remove the

equipment.

Close the cylinder valve and keep in the box, Cylinder valve should be in upward

direction


EIA REPORT

After using the equipment, inform to safety department for inspection/checking.

Operation of Resuscitator:

A resuscitator is a device which forces oxygen into lungs

of unconscious person in order to keep him /her

oxygenated and alive.

Operating Procedure:

Clear out the throat

Tilt head back

Fit mask firmly

Squeeze ball

Watch the chest which should rise and fall rhythmically.

)f the chest does not rise and fall, there may be a blockage in the victim s throat. The

tongue has occluded the air way.

There may be excessive leakage around the mask. Hold the mask tighter on the face

and squeeze little faster.

Clear any mucus from the throat every 3-4 minutes.

Continue resuscitation until the victim breathes naturally.

Fire Axe:

A fire axe is a type of axe which has been designed specifically

for the use of fire-fighters, and it includes several features

which make it ideally suited to mitigate emergency services.

First aid for burns:

It is a first aid dressing material which relieves pain, cools and helps to prevent the

contamination.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncope_(medicine)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen


EIA REPORT

Helmet:

A helmet with face shield is a form of protective gear worn on head to protect head

and face from hazards such as flying objects and chemical splashes or potentially

infectious fluid.

Spill Control pads:

Operation and maintenance of spill Control kit (Ref:

S/EHS/SOP/006).

Fire Suit:

Fire suit is a protective clothing designed to protect a

firefighter from high temperatures, especially near

fires of extreme temperature.

Manila rope:

Manila rope is very durable, salt water and damage resistant, flexible fiber which

shall be used to access at height/Confined space during emergency.

Canvas Stretcher:

A stretcher is a medical device used to carry injured or an incapacitated person from

one place to another during emergency.

Smoke escape mask:

Smoke masks assist people in safe egress from fire emergencies. It will provide

respiratory protection from particulate matter, carbon monoxide, and other toxic

gases commonly produced by structural fires.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protective_gear

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazard

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefighter

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_water

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_device

http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http://tatwer-al-amar.com/Product.html&ei=hSj9VNLaEYuyuASfvIBA&bvm=bv.87611401,d.c2E&psig=AFQjCNHfVzvgtSjL31o2mv21kIAnxWitcw&ust=1425963278828086


EIA REPORT

Compressed Air Pack:

An emergency air supply which will provide a sufficient quantity of air

to allow a worker to exit an oxygen depleted or contaminated area.

Powered Air Purifying respirator:

Powered Air Purifying Respirator (PAPR) is a device equipped with a

face piece, hood or helmet, breathing tube, canister, cartridge, filter,

canister with filter or cartridge with filter and a powered blower.

PAPR utilizes a powered mechanism to move ambient air

through an air-purifying element(s) to remove contaminants

from the ambient air.

Safety torch:

Compact and simple to use, this torch is designed for use in emergency situations or

wherever the need arises for a handheld safety torch.

Spill Emergency Mitigation Procedure:

Spill Kit is kept in all Emergency cupboard (Refer: S/EHS/SOP/003, Emergency

Safety Cupboards), the areas mentioned as per Annexure - 01 (Spill kit index with

location and code number).

Once the spill is observed, Spill Kit shall be collected from the nearest

area/emergency cupboard installed and neutralizing agent (if required) based on

the nature of the spill. In case if the spill is not controlled, immediately declare the

emergency as per emergency response procedure. (Refer SOP: S/EHS/SOP/010,

Emergency preparedness and response).

While handling the spill, use most appropriate PPE's like SCBA, chemical suit, acid/

alkali proof hand gloves, face shield, safety goggles, gum boots or even respiratory

masks with suitable cartridges.


EIA REPORT

Once the spill is controlled using Sorbent pad/Boom collect in a double polythene

bag and secure with the plastic ties. Dispose it as per applicable disposal procedure.

(Refer S/EHS/SOP/004, Handling of liquid and solid waste).

Report the incident of spill to EHS department through online incident reporting

System. (Refer: S/EHS/SOP/015, Incident reporting and investigation system).

Once in a month, as per the Annexure-03 (Annual Planner for the Spill Kit), the items

of the Spill Kit shall be inspected and recorded in the Annexure-02 (Inspection

Report of Spill Kit) by EHS representatives of the individual area.

Spill Emergency Mitigation Procedure:

Once incipient stage of spill is observed, the observer(s) should inform Incident

Controller immediately about the spill.

IC instructs one trained personnel from the respective department to protect him

with personal protective equipment and barricade the area of spill.

Incident controller (IC) protects himself and also instructs others of the respective

area to wear PPE's such as SCBA (if required) /full face mask/chemical suit/acid /

alkali proof hand gloves/face shield/safety goggles/gum boots/even respiratory

masks with suitable cartridges (depending on the nature of spilled material ) to

make an initial inspection of the spill.

IC instructs personnel from the department to fetch Spill Kit from the nearest installation, identify the chemical that has been spilled, fetch specific MSDS and use

the procedure as described in the same to contain the spill.

In parallel IC instructs other department personnel to follow emergency shutdown

procedure except any critical processes in progress (if required) and instructs them

to protect with personal protective equipment to contain the spill.

Further IC instructs (if required) one person to break nearest MCP & dial internal emergency telephone number . IC shall deploy department personnel with Spill kit to mitigate the situation. If

required, even neighboring department safety squad personnel shall get ready with


EIA REPORT

PPE to collect chemical sorbents (depending on the nature of the material that has

spilled) to arrest and contain the spill.

In case the situation goes out of control, IC will initiate emergency response procedure or even OSEP to mitigate the spill. Once the spill is controlled & contained dispose the used sorbents or booms by

following specified disposal procedure applicable to that chemical.

Do not dispose these used chemical booms in dustbins or waste containers.

On investigation, EHS will arrange to replenish the spill kit with exhausted items.

In case affected department fails to report the spill incident and EHS checks during

their safety rounds/checks and finds out the usage of spill kits without incident log, such cases will be considered as Safety Violations and suitable corrective action shall be initiated against the in charge of the respective department as per

S/EHS/SOP/008, Handling of Safety Violations.

It is the responsibility of respective departments HOD to deploy and ensure their

own identified personnel to attend EHS training sessions with respect to mitigation

of spills/such emergencies, PPE, SCBA, EPR, Mock drills or any other related topic

and prepare his team to be ready for such emergencies.

6.6 Post Project Environmental Monitoring

It is imperative that the Project Authorities set up regular monitoring stations to

assess the quality of the neighbouring environment after the commissioning of the

project. An environmental monitoring programme is important as it provides useful

information and helps to:

Verify the predictions on environmental impacts presented in this study assist in

detecting the development of any unwanted environmental situation, and thus,

provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures, and identify the

effectiveness of mitigative measures suggested in the EMP.


EIA REPORT

6.6.1 Monitoring Program

After commissioning of the project, post project monitoring of environmental

parameters will be carried out at regular intervals. The monitoring programme in

different areas of the environment has been based on the findings of the impact

assessment studies. The post project monitoring programme including areas, number

and location of monitoring stations, frequency of sampling and parameters to be

covered is summarized in Table 6.1.


EIA REPORT

Table 6-1Post Project Environmental monitoring program

S.

No

Area of

Monitoring

Number of

Sampling Stations

Frequently of

Sampling

Parameters to be

Analyzed

1. Meteorology One Hourly and

Daily basis.

Wind speed and direction,

Temperature, Relative

Humidity, Atmospheric

pressure, Rainfall.

2. Ambient Air

Quality

2 Stations Twice a

week:24

hourly period

PM10, PM2.5, SO2, VOC and

NO2

3. Noise 4 (two within plant

premises and two

outside plant

premises)

Once every

season

Ambient Equivalent

continuous Sound Pressure

Levels (Leq) at day and

Night time.

4. Liquid

Effluents

Main Plant Effluents Weekly pH, Temp, Conductivity,

TSS, TDS, BOD, Phenol.

Sanitary Effluents Monthly pH, TSS, BOD

5. Exhaust from

DG set

Stack of DG set Quarterly PM10, PM2.5, SO2 & CO

6. Vehicular

Emissions

Parking area Periodic

monitoring of

vehicles

Air emission and noise, PCU

7. Solid waste /

Hazardous

waste

Check conformance

to HWM rules

Quantity and

Quality

monitoring

Periodically

8. Soil Two Locations

within the Project

Site

Yearly Once Physicochemical properties,

Nutrients, Heavy metals


EIA REPORT

9. Terrestrial

Ecology

Within 10km,

around the project

Once in three

years

Symptoms of injuries on

plants

6.7 Greenbelt development Plan

As per the rules and regulations laid by Ministry of Environment and Forest, Central

Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and State Pollution Control Board (SPCB), it is legally

mandatory to earmark 33% of the project area for green belt development to

promote integration of environmental issues with industrial development projects.

The greenbelt development at the proposed site involves selection and plantation of

groups of species of trees and shrubs based on a comprehensive research and in-

depth technical knowledge on the type of industry, prevalent climatic conditions,

plant and soil diversity, geology, topography of the site area and budget to make the

industrial premises biologically diverse, safe and sustainable. The greenbelt

development will be designed in compliance with the industry-specific requirements,

standards and government regulations.

The purpose of developing the green belt in and around the industrial site is for:

Preventing land degradation and erosion of topsoil due to activities during

construction phase

Containment and Abatement of pollution in the industrial environment, capturing of

fugitive emissions if any and thereby improving the quality of the surrounding

environment

Substantially reducing the adverse environmental impacts due to the proposed

industrial activity

Serving as a barrier for attenuating the intensity of noise generated

Enhancing the biodiversity index of the region

Adding aesthetic value to the project area

Maintaining the ecological equilibrium of the area


EIA REPORT

Development of green belt will include:

1) Plantation along the boundary / periphery and all over the project site for protection

against particulate dispersion and noise dispersion. The peripheral greenbelt will vary in

width to suit the plant design requirement.

2) Plantation along approach road and pathways for protection against noise and

vehicular emissions.

The following general guidelines and measures will be adopted:

The plantation of trees will be initiated with start of the construction stage so that

substantial growth may be achieved when the project is completed. The greenbelt

development programme will be drawn to conform to natural climatic conditions and

adaptability of the species.

Species involved in plantation / afforestation should be indigenous, fast growing and

eco-friendly.

Proper drainage system and proper plantation techniques should be adopted.

Plantation should be properly maintained and protected by fencing from grazing and

felling. The plantations would consist of a mixture of carefully chosen locally available

species of trees, shrubs and herbs, preferably evergreen and resistant to pollution.

Endemic and endangered species varieties will be planted in the green belt of the site

6.8 Occupational Health and Safety Program

M/s. Syngene International Ltd. aims at fostering a safe and healthy work

environment to its employees by conducting annual medical check-ups for all

employees.

The main objectives will be

i) Maintenance and promotion of workers health and working capacity


EIA REPORT

ii) Improvement of working environment by following well-being program for its

employees.

iii) Monitor the workplace to maintain industrial hygiene practices

iv) Development of work culture in a direction which will support health and safety

at work and thereby promoting positive social climate for smooth operation

that will enhance productivity

v) Syngene proposes to allocate a fund of 18 Lakhs for the Occupational health and

safety.

vi) Area monitoring shall be done once the plant is ready for production.

vii) People working in that area shall undergo annual health checkup.

viii) All personnel shall be provided with personal Protective equipments

individually as required.

6.8.1 Construction Phase:

The activities undertaken during the pre-operation phase may pose occupational

safety and health issues. Hence the following measures will be employed:

Personal Protective equipments will be provided to the workers

Occupational Health Centre will be facilitated to address the emergencies that may

arise

Personnel will be trained about fire fighting systems and first aid

Regular monitoring of occupational health of employees

6.8.2 Operation Phase

General Functions of the safety committee:

Conduct routine workplace inspections

Provide Personal Protective Equipment

Develop and implement safe work procedures and rules

Provide on-going safety training

Enforce safety rules and appropriate discipline

Promote safety awareness and reduce the potential for injury/loss


EIA REPORT

Identifying workplace hazards

Enforcement of safety rules

Measuring safety performance

Reducing frequency/severity of injuries

6.9 Environmental Safety Policy of Syngene International Limited


EIA REPORT

6.10 Environment Management Cell

For the effective implementation of the mitigation measures and consistent

functioning of the proposed project, an Environmental Management System has been

proposed. The EMS will include the following:

Environmental Management Cell

Environmental Monitoring Program

Personnel Training

Regular Environmental Audits and Corrective Action Plan

Documentation-Standard Operating procedures of Environmental Management

Hierarchical system/administrative order of Syngene International limited for

Environmental management

The following organizational set up will be formulated to ensure the effective

implementation measures and to conduct environmental monitoring.

The major roles and responsibilities of Environmental Management Cell will be as follows:

To implement the environmental management plan

To ensure regular operation and maintenance of pollution control devices

To assure regulatory compliance with all relevant rules and regulations

EHS Head

Manager Deputy

Manager

Assistant

Manager

Assistant

Executive

Senior

Executive

(2)

Junior

Executive

Executive

Junior

Executive

Operator


EIA REPORT

To minimize environmental impacts of operations by strict adherence to the EMP

To initiate environmental monitoring as per approved schedule

Review and interpretation of monitored results and corrective measures in case

monitored results are above the specified limit

Maintain documentation of good environmental practices and applicable

environmental laws

Maintain environmental related records

Coordination with regulatory agencies, external consultants and monitoring

laboratories

6.11 Cost Estimate for Environment Management Plan

S.No. Description Cost (Rs)

1) Air Pollution 1.20 Crores

2) Waste Water Treatment MEE- 3.5 Crores, 30 Lakhs-ETP, 26 Lakhs-

STP

3) Green Belt Development 5 Lakhs


EIA REPORT

7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES

7.1 Disaster Management Plan

An onsite emergency plan is attributed to the response plan that contains and minimizes

the effects due to emergencies within the installations which have a potential to cause

damage to people and facilities within the installation premises.

The On-site emergency Plan is attached as Annexure-10.

7.2 R& R

Rehabilitation and resettlement is not applicable since the project is in MESZL of

Mangalore Industrial Area.

7.3 Risk Assessment

The Detailed risk assessment report for the proposed project is enclosed as Annexure-10.


EIA REPORT

8 PROJECT BENEFITS

The Proposed project aims at setting up a commercial manufacturing unit for the

production of novel chemical entities such as APIs and Intermediates that will play a

vital role in the health care sector to treat various diseases and thereby addresses

the market demand.

The products manufactured at this facility will be exported that will aid in adding to

the revenue of the nation.

The corporate social responsibilities that will be taken up by the proposed project

will improve the well being of the society and the corporate responsibilities towards

the protection of the environment will help in conserving the ecosystem.

It will also provide employment opportunities to a larger population.


EIA REPORT

9 SUMMARY & CONCLUSION

9.1 Summary

An environmental Impact Assessment Study has been carried out and assessed for the

proposed project based on the ToR and baseline quality data collected for the study area.

Identification and anticipation of the potential environmental impacts due to the proposed

project with a delineation of appropriate impact mitigation measures in an Environmental

Management plan during both construction and operation phases is provided in the EIA

report prepared.

The proposed project will ensure that the industrial activities relevant to the project are

environmentally sound with no adverse impacts posed on the natural environment in the

surrounding area.

The marginal impacts that might be caused by the proposed activity will be mitigated by

the implementation of the proposed pollution control and environmental management

measures.

In a true and a larger sense, in view of the considerable benefits from the project with no

major impacts, the proposed project is said to be more beneficial to the nation.

The EMP that will be implemented for the construction and operation stages of the project

will include:

Air Pollution control and management

Noise Control and Management

Hazardous and Solid waste Management

Sewage treatment and Management

Effluent treatment and Management

Hazardous and solid waste management

Risk Assessment and Onsite emergency Plan

In order to effectively implement the EMP planned, an environmental management system

will be formulated.


EIA REPORT

9.2 Conclusion

The baseline study carried out for the study area indicates that all the physical,

chemical and biological characteristics of the environmental attributes in the

surrounding area are well within the permissible limits.

Based on this environmental assessment, the possible impacts during both pre-

project and post-project phase are anticipated and the necessary adequate control

measures are formulated to meet the statutory compliances.

With very minute negative impacts, the project positively leads to commercial

business opportunities, Employment opportunities, increased revenue and

infrastructural development.


EIA REPORT

10 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT

Details of the consultancy and consultant engaged are as follows:

Table 10-1 Details of the Consultant

Consultant Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt. Ltd., Chennai

NABET Certificate No NABET/ EIA/ 1013/ 041

National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL)

accreditation for Laboratory services for ISO17025

MoEF&CC Recognized Laboratory

ISO 9001:2008 qualified and certification by URS

Environmental Management System complying AS/NZS ISO 14001:2004

Occupational Health & Safety Management System OHSAS 18001:2007

Approved by Karnataka PCB and Kerala PCB.

Achilles joint qualification system. Achilles Id.15148

Kiwa Quality Management System

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