ESPM 131 Spring 2006Introduction to the fungi
The Hypha
Jacobson, Hickey, Glass & Read
Hyphal Fusion
Hickey, Jacobson, Glass & Read
A. H. R. Buller 1931
Mycelium
Arbuscule (basically ahaustorium)
(c) D. Redecker, K. Wex
Extensive mycelium of an ectomycorrhizal fungus
The individual strandsyou see arerhizomorphs: bundlesof organized hyphaeused for long-distancetransport
Undisturbed forest should have large genetsBoletus photoshopii
19 12
18
Shaded area = 316 sq.m
10 meters1
79
20
21
2
3
45
6
11
810
13 14
15
16
1722
[Berkeley] Single individuals can belarge
Suillus pungens genets inpre-fire Pt. ReyesBonello et al. 1998. NewPhytol. 138:533-542.
Mitotic (asexual) spore state arevery common in Ascomycete
Zone lines in wood cause by vegetative interactionsbetween different genotypes of decay fungi
Nematode trapping fungiTrap types
adhesive net traps
Constricting ring traps
Non-constricting ring traps
Rotifer trapping
From Barron and Szijarto 1991
Photos from George Barron.
Stylopage anomala trapping amoebae
Bacteriophagy from Barron 1988 Can. J. Bot.
Chytridiomycota +
Zygomycota
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
KingdomFungi
Glomales
SpizellomycesSpizellomyces
Allomyces zoo- and resistant sporangia
Amphibian Decline -- Chytridiomycota Pathogen
http://www.jcu.edu.au/school/phtm/PHTM/frogs/chpr1/fc13.htmJames Cook University, Townsville, Australia
Rick Speare, Lee Berger, Alax Haytt
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Rhizopus stolonifer
from O’Donnell, (1979), Zygomycetes in culture.
Arbuscular mycorrhiza(Plantago media and Glomus clarum)
spore
extraradical hyphae
(c) D. Redecker
100µm
Photo from Ann Pringle
Chytridiomycota +
Zygomycota
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
KingdomFungi
Glomales
Hallmark of the Ascomycota - theAscus
Mitotic (asexual) spore state arevery common in Ascomycete
Perithecium - a common ascocarp type
Basidia from Alexopoulos et al.
Basidiomycetes - a major group of Forest Pathogensand mycorrhizal symbionts
Hyphae with clamps
Coprinus developmentFrom Ingold 1953
FromBuller
Mushrooms(Agarics & Boletes)
Tooth fungi(Hydnoid)
ResupinateCorticioid
Club and Coral fungi
Polypores
GastromycetesPuffballs &false-truffles
Jelly fungi
Cystofilobasidiella
Achyla oogonium and antheridia
Oomycotathe water molds(fungal-like protists)
Saprolegnia zoosporangia
Mature
Primary cysts
Proliferation
Pythium zoospore release
Damping off by Pythium
Sudden Oak Death, Phytophthora ramorum, Marin Co. 2001
Plasmodial Slime MoldMyxogasteromycota
Physarum species
Plasmodial Slime Mold
Leocarpus species
Fuligo, Aethalium