EUROCONTROL Action Plan for SESAR … action plan for SESAR deployment phase civil-military...

EUROCONTROL

EUROCONTROL Action Planfor SESAR Deployment Phase

Civil-Military Standards Development

Edition number: V 1.0Edition date: April 2012

EUROPEAN ORGANISATION FOR THE SAFETY OF AIR NAVIGATION

Directorate Single Sky Civil-Military ATM Coordination Division

EUROCONTROL ACTION PLAN FOR SESAR DEPLOYMENT PHASE CIVIL-

MILITARY STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT

Edition Number: V 1.0 Edition Date: April 2012 Status: Released Issue Intended for: General Public

EUROCONTROL action plan for SESAR deployment phase civil-military standards development

Edition: V1.0 Released issue Page 1

DOCUMENT CHARACTERISTICS TITLE


Publications Reference:

ISBN Number:

Document Identifier Edition Number: V 1.0

Edition Date: April 2012

Abstract

o Civil-military interoperability is one of the main principles supporting the European ATM Master

Plan (EATMMP).

o The SESAR development phase work programme, the aim of which is to make progress on

the operational improvements envisaged in the EATMMP, will provide a list of SESAR

standardisation needs which must be met in order for industrialisation to start. This material

does not include the development of standards themselves in terms of content.

o Successful SESAR deployment implies the existence of technical standards which will support

that deployment. Unfortunately, there is currently no civil-military process in place for

standards development which could be used for this purpose.

o Moreover, there is a need for feedback from standardisation activities in order to update the

EATMMP, which is currently a source of civil-military interoperability gaps.

This document fulfils action 17 of the Civil-Military Coordination Action Plan 2010-2014, endorsed by

the Civil-Military Interface Standing Committee (CMIC) and signed by the EUROCONTROL Director

General, and particularly the task “identify the actions required for better civil-military interoperability

and coordinate their development with established bodies like EUROCAE and EDA”. It presents an

action plan to ensure cooperation between and participation in civil and military standardisation bodies

in order to develop future aviation standards integrating military requirements, which will support the

Master Plan and its technology component, SESAR.

This action plan does not create any new structures. It is supported by an analysis of the principles for

efficient civil-military SESAR standardisation. It does not address all the financial and practical aspects

of civil-military cooperation in SES/SESAR technical standards development. These must be resolved

between the relevant stakeholders.


Page 2 Released issue Edition: V1.0

Keywords

Standardisation Civil-military

coordination SESAR

Authors

Dominique Colin, EUROCONTROL DSS/CM/CNS, senior expert - standardisation

Contact Person(s) Tel. Unit

Dominique Colin x 9 31 82 DSS/CM/CNS

STATUS, AUDIENCE AND ACCESSIBILITY

Status Intended for Accessible via

Working Draft General Public Intranet

Draft DSS Stakeholders Extranet

Proposed Issue Restricted Audience Internet (www.eurocontrol.int)

Released Issue



DOCUMENT APPROVAL

The following table identifies all management authorities which have successively approved the present issue of this document.



DOCUMENT CHANGE RECORD

The following table records the complete history of the successive editions of the present document.

EDITION

NUMBER

EDITION

DATE REASON FOR CHANGE

PAGES

AFFECTED

V 0.1 07.02.2011 Drafting of document All

V 0.94 13.11.2011 Spelling check and corrections All

V 1.00 02.04.2012

Integration of all comments from consultation phase

Language service spelling check

Agreed issue

All

Publications EUROCONTROL Headquarters 96 Rue de la Fusée B-1130 BRUSSELS Tel.: +32 (0)2 729 1152 Fax: +32 (0)2 729 5149 E-mail: [email protected]



Contents

Chapter 1 - Introduction ............................................................................................ 8 1.1 Purpose of the document .............................................................................................. 8 1.2 Intended readership ...................................................................................................... 8 1.3 Background ................................................................................................................... 8 1.4 Acronyms and terminology ........................................................................................... 9

Chapter 2 - SES standardisation context .............................................................. 11 2.1 SES/SESAR standardisation general context ............................................................. 11 2.2 Description of SES civil and military standardisation bodies ...................................... 12

2.2.1 SES civil standardisation bodies .................................................................... 12 2.2.2 Military standardisation activities overview .................................................... 13

2.3 SESAR civil-military standardisation tools/process ..................................................... 17 2.3.1 SESAR standards development plan ............................................................ 17 2.3.2 SESAR standardisation roadmap .................................................................. 18 2.3.3 SESAR standardisation cases ....................................................................... 18

Chapter 3 - Civil-military standardisation action plan for the SESAR deployment phase .................................................................................. 19 3.1 Principles for an efficient civil-military SESAR standardisation process ..................... 19 3.2 Action plan description ................................................................................................ 21

Phase 1: Communication with stakeholders ........................................................... 22 Phase 2: Support for stakeholders participating in SESAR standards working

groups ........................................................................................................ 22 Phase 3: Follow-up on SESAR standardisation activities ....................................... 23

Chapter 4 - Proposed civil-military standards development process ................ 24 4.1 Description of the activity ............................................................................................ 24 4.2 Description of the actors ............................................................................................. 24 4.3 Description of the tasks .............................................................................................. 25

4.3.1 Provision of the SESAR standardisation deliverables to the military ............. 25 4.3.2 Selection of the standards of military interest in the context of SESAR ......... 25 4.3.3 Decision to participate and designation of military expertise ......................... 26 4.3.4 Synchronisation with the military standardisation decision-makers ............... 27 4.3.5 Global process for SESAR civil-military standards ........................................ 27 4.3.6 Standards development process for SESAR military-only standards ............ 28 4.3.7 Subsequent phases ....................................................................................... 29

4.4 Conditions for acceptance of military expertise in civil standardisation groups .......... 30 4.5 Identified responsibilities ............................................................................................. 30

Chapter 5 - Conclusion ............................................................................................ 32

ANNEX 1 – EUROCONTROL action plan phases and tasks ............................... 33



EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The aim of this document is to:

- describe the environment of technical standardisation supporting SESAR following its development;

- propose an action plan for future civil-military standardisation activities. SESAR objectives cannot be achieved if standardisation fails. The civil-military dimension of future SESAR technical standards will be fundamental to the achievement of civil-military systems interoperability. Standardisation expertise and resources are scarce on both the civil and military sides, the schedule is tight and the global interoperability challenges are huge. Both civil aviation and military aviation have their respective standardisation bodies, processes and databases. Therefore, future civil-military standardisation activity must be efficient, coordinated and streamlined. The future technical standards supporting SESAR or other operational improvements will need to support civil ATM/CNS requirements and include the necessary military technical specifications which meet the objective of ATM/CNS interoperability. Existing civil standardisation bodies (EUROCAE, ESOs, etc.) are to provide the backbone of this major activity. The standardisation work must not be duplicated: any attempt at duplication would lead to discrepancies between the standardisation corpora and major gaps due to the lack of resources. Because of the scarcity of resources, the military should use its current standardisation structures to organise itself in order to select the standards which are of military interest and to provide adequate and sufficient expertise to civil-military standardisation working groups. Military expertise could be provided by military experts or the defence industry. In case of absence of military participation or failure to meet an agreement on integration with military requirements, a gap and risk analysis must be performed. Following these processes, the SESAR standards will naturally become civil-military (i.e. “common”), and they will ease future certification and conformity assessment which goes beyond the objective of systems’ technical interoperability to reach operational interoperability. EDA is already hosting military standardisation activities that could fit the identified needs, and EDA has a wide range of participating military members that could ensure improved military-military coordination. NATO is very much involved in military standardisation activities and could support both military-military interoperability and military trans-Atlantic coordination in future ATM solutions. There are already many coordination groups in place, but they do not tackle the specific need coming from ATM and SESAR. Their role could be adapted to fill the identified gap. EUROCONTROL is participating in the definition and creation of the standardisation processes and tools associated with the SESAR standardisation drafting process. EUROCONTROL – with the support of national military experts – is involved in SESAR master planning at the appropriate level to develop a gap and risk analysis to support the efficiency of the ATM network. EUROCONTROL and the standardisation harmonisation and cooperation groups could play a coordination and transversal role, along with all the military and standardisation bodies from the States, international organisations such as the NATO agencies, and also the defence industry, which has technical expertise. With this action plan, EUROCONTROL will support SESAR civil-military interoperability through the implementation of common technical standards. It will deal with CMAC’s role and



responsibilities in a bigger scheme yet to be refined. This document presents a way of influencing civil standardisation to promote performance-based solutions and the use of current military equipage for full compliance at the lowest possible cost for the military ANSPs and airspace users. In the document, the term “common standard” means “civil-military standard”.



Chapter 1 - Introduction

1.1 Purpose of the document The objective of this document is to fulfil action 17 of the EUROCONTROL CMAC Action Plan, aimed at the efficient development of civil-military standards identified during the Development Phase. It provides insight into a civil-military standardisation approach for the development of SESAR deployment standards, and it describes the need, the actors and the main principles that should drive the civil-military standardisation drafting, endorsement and publication process. This document refers to technological and systems standards. It focuses on the development of SESAR civil-military standards which are ATM/CNS related.

1.2 Intended readership This document is intended to be read by the military stakeholders concerned with SESAR developments, the civil and military standardisation bodies, and the authorities and organisations to whom the preparation of SESAR deployment will be entrusted.

1.3 Background The military is providing tailored participation in the SESAR R&D and master planning activities by offering expertise from EUROCONTROL’s Civil-Military ATM Coordination Division (DSS/CM) and national military experts. This Division (DSS/CM) provides global oversight for its military stakeholders. This task will continue in the SESAR deployment phase environment, during industrialisation. EUROCONTROL is responsible for making proposals to its stakeholders to prepare the deployment phase of SESAR. In an EC DG MOVE presentation to the Single Sky Committee (39th meeting) – “Deployment strategy for the SES technological pillar” – the European Commission described the principles which will guide SESAR deployment and highlighted a number of focus areas. Three of these principles and two focus areas apply to civil-military standardisation activities. Applicable principles for the deployment strategy - The deployment is the natural and necessary follow-up to the development phase. - The European ATM Master Plan is an essential tool for deployment. - The deployment of SESAR technologies and procedures requires the involvement

and buy-in of civil and military stakeholders. Focus areas - Enhanced civil-military cooperation and coordination - Global interoperability This action plan is in line with this general strategy. It aims to raise awareness among military stakeholders and to ensure participation from the “defence” sector in the technical



standardisation activities driven by the civil standardisation bodies. The civil standardisation bodies could benefit from existing military standards and expertise. Military participation should be active and consistent with the expected outcome of SESAR in terms of civil-military interoperability solutions which are adequately defined and validated.

1.4 Acronyms and terminology

Term Definition AP action paper ASSIST Acquisition Streamlining and Standardisation Information System ATM air traffic management CEN Comité Européen de Normalisation [European Committee for

Standardization] CNS communications, navigation and surveillance DSO defence standardisation organisation DSS/CM Directorate Single Sky/Civil-Military ATM Coordination Division EDA European Defence Agency EDSIS European Defence Standardisation Information System EDSTAR European Defence Standards Reference System EDSTAR JMC EDSTAR Joint Maintenance Committee EHDP European Handbook for Defence Procurement ESO European standardisation organisation ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute EUROCAE European Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment IP information paper IR implementing rule MAB Military ATM Board MilHaG Military Harmonisation Group MSG Materiel Standardisation Group MSHT Materiel Standardisation Harmonisation Team NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NSO NATO Standardisation Organisation pMS participating Member States RTCA Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SES Single European Sky



Term Definition SESAR Single European Sky ATM Research Programme SFDPS Stakeholder Forum for Defence Procurement Standardisation SJU SESAR Joint Undertaking SMI standard of military interest SOA service-oriented architecture STANAG Standardisation Agreement



Chapter 2 - SES standardisation context

2.1 SES/SESAR standardisation general context SES is a European Commission initiative which includes a technology component programme, SESAR. Civil-military coordination is an essential requirement1 defined in the SES Framework Regulation, and civil-military interoperability is one of the fundamental objectives of SESAR. SESAR is a service-oriented architecture (SOA). Interaction with the SESAR services and evidence that SESAR safety levels have been reached will grant access to the network, and subsequently to certain ATM services. Certification or a conformity assessment of systems will be necessary for all airspace users and service providers in order to safely interconnect and interact with the network-centric environment. The SESAR programme is a boost to the ATM development and deployment cycle for the achievement of SES objectives. In this cycle, standardisation allows industry to develop the basis for interoperable systems. The deployment of these systems is sequenced to achieve the SESAR service levels in accordance with the roadmaps developed during the master planning activities. The ATM network supports the SOA. It directly benefits from a smooth, comprehensive and consistent standardisation process. Any delay in standardisation or any lack of interoperability degrades or delays the performance of the ATM network. Such occurrences must be fed back into the master planning process to update the roadmaps describing the schedule of SESAR deployment.

1

ATMdevelopment

& deployment

cycle

R&D & roadmaps Deployment & performance analysis

Standardisation Industrialisation &procurement

1 ER 4: civil-military interoperability



The military is providing tailored participation in the SESAR R&D and master planning activities by offering expertise from EUROCONTROL DSS/CM and national military experts. These resources may seem limited in terms of effort level, but the aim is to provide the right input at the right time for the right project, thereby ensuring that there is an adequate level of interoperability between military and civil systems in the operational and technical ATM/CNS domains. Once the R&D phase for each project is over and the current iteration of master planning has been achieved, it will be necessary to complete it by making sure that the standards provided comply with the conclusions validated by the R&D. A successful ATM network will rely on technical standards which are common to all stakeholders. Common standards will facilitate the mutual recognition of compliance certificates issued by different authorities. SES will require numerous new standards or the adaptation of existing standards. The civil and military aviation sectors are not used to working together in the domain of ATM/CNS standardisation. Lack of cooperation in that domain would be prejudicial to enhanced civil-military interoperability. Since the civil and military aviation sectors have distinct standardisation bodies and processes, the interaction between civil and military standardisation processes and mechanisms must be organised in order to achieve SESAR-compliant civil-military technical standards.

2.2 Description of SES civil and military standardisation bodies 2.2.1 SES civil standardisation bodies The Commission has already organised and set out the principles for civil standardisation to support SES. It designated the European standardisation organisations (ESOs: ETSI, CEN and CENELEC), which have a purely civil nature, as the primary standardisation bodies for SES. It also established that these organisations must work in cooperation with EUROCAE for technical standards and EUROCONTROL for operational matters. Agreements have been signed with other civil standardisation bodies on the drafting of the standards expected to support SES. The industry usually participates actively in the definition of standards. The same will apply to SESAR technical standards. For ATM/CNS technical standards, CEN2 and ETSI – with the participation of EUROCAE – are the designated ESOs, and the main actors that will develop and endorse the SES/SESAR technical standards. EUROCAE is a major standardisation body in aviation. Its potential role is confirmed in Commission Staff Working Paper SEC (2010) 1580 final, dated 10.12.2010. EUROCAE benefits from wide participation within the manufacturing industry, including organisations that provide industrial services and products to the military. The cooperation of EUROCAE with the US Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (RTCA) is a major advantage for transatlantic coordination in the domain of technical standardisation in aviation. Such transatlantic cooperation indirectly benefits the military needs of standardisation. EUROCAE is also cooperating with SAE, another major actor in standardisation, in supporting the US programme NextGen (sister program of SESAR in the US). EUROCAE is open to any civil or military contributor. To develop EUROCAE documents, EUROCAE organises working groups (WGs) to which members provide experts working on a voluntary basis. In general, the WG members come from the association’s membership, but others may be accepted under specific conditions regarding the organisation they belong to and their particular expertise3. The military must also be aware that other standardisation organisations may receive a mandate for drafting a SES/SESAR technical standard, or may produce a standard relevant for SESAR systems. 2 For aerospace standardisation, there is an agreement from the European Commission which stipulates that these standards

are provided by ASD-STAN, which is the “Fourth European Standards Developing Organisation”. 3 Source : http://www.eurocae.net/about.html



2.2.2 Military standardisation activities overview Current military policies on standardisation The military is very well organised in terms of developing its own military standards. For military-military interoperability reasons, national military standardisation bodies work together and have been working on the harmonisation of military standards for about 50 years, although standards remain a national responsibility. The military has developed processes to draft these standards or to adopt civil standards. Military standards deal with all aspects of military missions and components (land, air, sea, medical, procedures, command and control, fuel, weapons, etc.). Air traffic management accounts for less than 3% of all the STANAGs,4 and military expertise in this domain is particularly scarce and fragmented. Other examples are the US MILSTDs, UK DEFSTANs and many others which cover a wide range of subjects of military interest. It is worth noting, however, that NATO STANAGs apply to peacetime and wartime ATM/CNS operations. Therefore military expertise in this area could be very useful in the development of future standards. The military is currently working on reducing the number of military-only or national standards while increasing the use of civil and international standards. Military standardisation actors Each State has a national defence standardisation organisation (DSO). Usually, the national DSO has close links with its civil counterpart, i.e. the national standardisation body (e.g. AFNOR in France, DIN in Germany and BSI in the United Kingdom). These two structures may be integrated or entirely separate, depending on national organisation. The European participating Member States (pMS) created the Materiel Standardisation Group (MSG) within the EDA in order to coordinate their policies in the domain of military standardisation. The MSG’s mission is to discuss and decide on strategic issues in the area of European materiel defence standardisation. Although these activities are more oriented towards armaments, they create the bases to be used in any other area. The Materiel Standardisation Harmonisation Team (MSHT) is a global body of government defence standardisation management experts who meet to coordinate views, share best practice and provide advice and guidance on defence standardisation management to various standardisation bodies, which include the NSO, CEN, CENELEC and ETSI. The MSHT is recognised by both the EDA and NATO as a body of government defence experts.

4 STANAG – Standardisation Agreement (of NATO)



The NATO Standardisation Agency is a NATO agency that reports to the NATO Committee for Standardisation for general oversight and direction. As a key part of the NATO Standardisation Organisation, it takes an active interest in all standardisation-related activities within NATO. Standardisation is defined within NATO as “the development and implementation of concepts, doctrines, procedures and designs in order to achieve and maintain the compatibility, interchangeability or commonality which are necessary to attain the required level of interoperability, or to optimise the use of resources, in the fields of operations, material and administration.” The Agency’s mission is to foster NATO standardisation with the goal of enhancing the combined operational effectiveness of Alliance military forces. Full compliance with the Force Goals for nations participating in Force Planning is a key aspect of national commitment to improving standardisation. NATO standardisation documents include covering documents, allied standards and other standards-related documents.5 They should be marked with the lowest classification required to protect the information. Under the new AAP-03(J) classification, there are three types of NATO standardisation documents.

5 information from AAP-03(J)



Covering documents are NATO standardisation agreements (STANAGs) and NATO standardisation recommendations (STANRECs):

- A STANAG is a NATO standardisation document that specifies the agreement of member nations to the implementation of a standard, in whole or in part, in order to meet an interoperability requirement. A NATO standardisation agreement is distinct from the standard(s) it refers to. STANAGs should be implemented, as applicable, and complied with to the maximum extent possible by nations and NATO bodies.

- A STANREC is a NATO standardisation document that lists one or more NATO or non-NATO standards relevant to a specific Alliance activity unrelated to interoperability. STANRECs are developed by and used strictly in the material fields of standardisation. A STANREC is a non-binding document employed on a voluntary basis and does not require the nations’ commitment to the implementation of the standards which are listed in it. Allied standards are standards developed or selected in the framework of the NATO standardisation process. They include NATO standards and standards used by NATO but developed elsewhere. An allied standard which is deemed to be related to interoperability requirements is promulgated with a covering STANAG. An allied standard which is unrelated to interoperability requirements and is strictly related to the field of material standardisation is promulgated with a covering STANREC.

- A NATO standard is a standard developed and promulgated in the framework of the NATO standardisation process.

- A non-NATO standard is a standard developed outside NATO. This includes civil standards and national or multinational defence standards. A standards-related document is a standardisation document that facilitates the understanding and implementation of one or more allied standards. It may provide additional data and information to support the management and implementation of standards. Examples are implementation guides, user manuals, handbooks and catalogues of national data. The NSA’s current policy is to develop standards only when no equivalent civil standard is available. The Alliance will use suitable civil standards to the maximum practicable extent. Only when no applicable civil standard is available is a NATO standard developed. In principle, NATO standardisation is voluntary for nations. Nations must implement standards as applicable and to the maximum possible extent. In some instances, nations may agree to the mandatory implementation of specific standards. As yet, only a very small number of NATO STANAGs can be considered to have any ATM relevance for peacetime activities. Additional activities in defence standardisation Military standards used by the military are collected and displayed using web-based tools under the control of the military (e.g. ASSIST6, EDSTAR7 (formerly the EHDP8) and EDSIS9).

6 ASSIST is the official source for specifications and standards used by the US Department of Defense. 7 European Defence Standards Reference system (EDSTAR). EDSTAR is replacing the European Handbook for Defence Procurement (EHDP) in the second half of 2011. The EDSTAR

database is owned by the EDA and maintained in cooperation with standardisation stakeholders. EDSTAR is to be used by government organisations and in the defence industry for the procurement of defence material (including development and production).

Note: “best practice” standards are standards which have been selected by consensus by industry and governmental agencies as the best applicable standards for defence purposes.

8 European Handbook for Defence Procurement 9 The main function of EDSIS is to enable the participating Member States of the European Defence Agency to advertise materiel standards that are to be developed or undergo major modification.



Certain civil standardisation bodies, such as CEN, are currently working in the field of defence. EDSTAR (the former EHDP) contains references to “best practice” standards and standard-like specifications commonly used to support programme organisations and defence procurement contracts. It provides guidance on the selection and practice of standards and standard-like specifications to optimise the effectiveness, efficiency, and interoperability of applications. The EHDP was produced in the framework of a project called “CEN Workshop 10 on Standardisation for Defence Procurement”, managed by CEN and sponsored by the European Commission. Specific reasons for launching the project were the high degree of market fragmentation in the field of defence and the need for a harmonised set of standards to be used at European level for defence materiel procurement. EHDP responsibility has been officially transferred from the EC to the EDA. The name has been changed to EDSTAR. EDSTAR will be maintained by an ad hoc group, the “EDSTAR Joint Maintenance Committee” (EDSTAR JMC). ATM is not yet a domain covered by EDSTAR but the EDSTAR JMC has the opportunity to extend the coverage of the database to other domains. ATM could therefore be included in the scope of the database. For the consultation phase, the process for involving the military is not yet mature and the involvement of the relevant military expertise is not guaranteed, because the military lacks knowledge of civil processes and structures. Civil-military cooperation in standardisation The objective of this action plan is to make sure that the ATM/CNS standards applicable to military systems with the objective of SESAR interoperability are designed so that they will not need to be modified. Broad coordination and cooperation must occur to meet this strong requirement. Some civil-military coordination in standardisation is performed at national level, usually between the defence and civil standardisation organisations. In some countries there are also industry-military committees for standardisation. There is no specific cooperation set up for aviation, however, and these groups conduct high-level coordination which will not fulfil the need for SESAR civil-military standards development on a large scale. Moreover, national coordination requires extra coordination between the military stakeholders in order to have a consistent approach to the standardisation deliverables produced by SESAR. Therefore the current arrangements at national level cannot be used as they are today for SESAR standardisation purposes. NATO already emphasises its cooperation with civil standardisation bodies. NATO supports cooperation with standards development organisations which meet the needs of the Alliance and are openly available and accessible on the global market. Suitable civil standards are approved or recognised for use within NATO, preferably without modification, unless there are compelling reasons to do otherwise. The “Stakeholder Forum for Defence Procurement Standardisation” (SFDPS) has recently been established to improve the interaction between the military and civil standards communities in Europe and to act as a forum for the consideration of new standardisation management activities to facilitate defence procurement in Europe. The membership of the SFDPS is wide enough to address certain SESAR civil-military standardisation challenges. Some of the Forum’s main objectives are:



- to help improve synergies between military and civil standardisation bodies; - to advise the defence procurement community on suitable standards available; and - where no suitable standards exist, to define arrangements to provide them –

preferably internationally but if necessary within Europe – and make recommendations accordingly.

The terms of reference of the SFDPS are currently under review.

2.3 SESAR civil-military standardisation tools/process SESAR standardisation activities will not need to start from scratch after the SESAR R&D period which ends around 2016. The SESAR WP C3 project (Standardisation and Regulatory Roadmaps) is responsible for gathering all the information related to SESAR standardisation needs and organising it so that it can be used later on by designated SES-recognised standardisation bodies such as ESOs and EUROCAE. Nevertheless, it is of the utmost relevance to highlight that the actual development of such standards’ content is outside the scope of SESAR R&D. The WP C03 main master planning deliverables are the standards development plan and the standardisation roadmap following the general process shown below. These two documents complement each other. They are both needed to ensure that the set of standards is comprehensive and ready in time for the deployment of the SES operational improvements. WP C03 will also deliver the standardisation cases which will be the primary material used by the standardisation working groups to initiate the drafting.

Process of SESAR WP C3 in standardisation activities

2.3.1 SESAR standards development plan The SESAR standards development plan provides a detailed plan of standardisation activities, to elaborate on details for specific developments required in the next two to three years, and includes as much detail as is available on the implementation of ATM service

Standardisation case

Project needs

Standardisation baseline

List of standardisatio

n activities

Standardisation roadmap

Standards development

plan

High level Long term

Detailed level Short term



levels. This dynamic document reflects, as far as possible, the current situation vis-à-vis standardisation material developments. It contains information necessary to support the launching of new activities and the harmonisation of global developments.

2.3.2 SESAR standardisation roadmap The SESAR standardisation roadmap outlines the proposed activities required to meet the need-dates of the European ATM Master Plan. The roadmap will be issued by means of a high-level description as an update to the European ATM Master Plan. The SESAR standardisation roadmap is a major element of the standardisation process. It provides a global view of the consistency between regulation requirements, deployment maturity and standards needs. It allows optimisation in the planning of the expertise. The first edition of the SESAR standardisation roadmap will be issued for inclusion in the updated European ATM Master Plan (March 2012). The SESAR standardisation roadmap will be updated every year.

2.3.3 SESAR standardisation cases Alongside the standards development plan and the standardisation needs, SESAR will provide standardisation cases which will describe for each standard the rationale supporting the need for standardisation activity. Standardisation cases will be basic material to be used by the standardisation working groups.



Chapter 3 - Civil-military standardisation action plan for the SESAR deployment phase

Once the high-level description and schedule for each detailed standardisation need are known by SESAR C03 deliverables, the standardisation development activities can begin. This phase is outside the scope of the SESAR development phase, as previously stated.

The process of transposing SESAR deliverables into SESAR standards will enable future civil-military interoperability. This process is therefore of major military interest. EUROCONTROL (including DSS/CM) is involved in SESAR R&D and standardisation activities deliverables as well as master planning activities. EUROCONTROL must be part of this transposition process in order to be able to highlight potential gaps that would result in a lack of civil-military interoperability owing to a lack of standards, and then work on mitigating the problems with subsequent Master Plan updates and R&D activities. EUROCONTROL is in a privileged position to propose to military stakeholders that they engage in relevant standards-development working groups in order to maximise interoperability potential. This action plan will describe the steps to achieve this goal.

3.1 Principles for an efficient civil-military SESAR standardisation process The principles for SESAR civil-military standardisation activities are: Efficiency

o Do not duplicate work. o Do not increase the current cost of standards development. o Have an appropriate level and amount of specifications.

Completeness, including supplementary non-SESAR standards (e.g. electromagnetic compatibility)

o Ensure that the standards fully support all civil-military interoperability

Standards development plan


SESAR

Standardisation

processes and

bodies

SESAR standard

s

Standardisation cases



requirements. o Assess the potential impact of non-participation of defence in certain

standards-development working groups.

Timeliness o Follow the ATM Master Plan, SESAR Concept Story Board or other derived

timelines.

Future-oriented o Ensure that the standards are performance-based.

SESAR is a fundamental programme for the future of aviation, but in the other domains of military standardisation other needs are also important for the military. Military involvement in SESAR standardisation activities should not disrupt the current military standardisation processes and structures, namely those relevant to wartime capabilities. Likewise, the efficiency of current military processes and structures which deal with the vast majority of standards – those that are not related to ATM – need to be safeguarded. For future SESAR civil-military ATM/CNS standards, the most efficient option in order for the military to ensure the development of such materials would be to work closely with the civil standardisation bodies. The backbone of the future cooperation processes between civil and military standardisation bodies is the civil standardisation process. The military should provide expertise to this process when deemed appropriate. Such a solution is efficient for the use of scarce resources since it does not create new structures or processes, on the understanding that the civil and military bodies are working at the same level. The SESAR standardisation roadmap and the SESAR standards development plan are the main input to the standardisation process. They are to be made available to both the civil and the military standardisation bodies. The ESOs already cooperate with the military in order to facilitate civil and military final endorsement of the standards. A number of high-level working groups are in place. At expert technical level, nothing has been organised so far to cover simultaneously civil and military requirements, and only a common drafting group can ensure civil-military convergence of standards. Only cooperation at this level can support interoperability and ensure that comprehensive military input is included in future aviation technical standards. Depending on the standard under consideration – whether it be civil-military or military only – there are two different processes which may be used, both starting with the same basic material. The decision on whether to participate in a standards development working group belongs to the military. Since deciding not to participate may have a negative impact on interoperability and network performance, such a decision must be recorded and used in the next iteration of SESAR planning. If the military decides not to participate or contribute, feedback must be provided and logged to assess the risks and the gaps that might result for the military and for the civil sector. Military airspace users, service providers, operational commanders, procurement agencies and ATM planners will be informed of this analysis. Any standardisation organisation can be designated responsible for drafting a SES/SESAR standard or can develop a SES/SESAR standard. The charter or ToR of the organisation should allow the participation of military experts in any working group if the standard is for civil-military application and use. The following principles can be applied in the context of the current organisation:

Principle Application



1. Do not duplicate work.

The military should use civil standards where applicable, and military standards should normally be created only where civil-military coordination is not possible. Civil bodies could consider unclassified military standards as a baseline for future standards, where appropriate.

2. Do not increase the current cost of standardisation.

Use current standardisation structures and processes.

3. Have an appropriate level and amount of specifications.

Specify only what is necessary in the spirit of open solutions.

4. Ensure that the standards fully support SES/SESAR civil-military interoperability.

Include military expertise in civil standardisation groups.

5. Assess the potential impact of non-participation of defence bodies in certain standards development working groups.

Update and use risk and gap analysis for the assessment of interoperability.

6. Follow the ATM Master Plan timelines.

Use the SESAR standardisation roadmap to define the standardisation working groups’ schedules.

7. Be future-oriented. Specifications must be performance-based.

3.2 Action plan description EUROCONTROL will actively support future civil-military interoperability, supporting SESAR in three phases:

• Phase 1: Communication with relevant stakeholders • Phase 2: Support for stakeholders participating in SESAR standards working groups • Phase 3: Follow-up of SESAR standardisation activities



This action plan ensures that, in time, there will be full support for EUROCONTROL stakeholders in that specific activity. The objective of this action plan is to define and implement a suitable process in time for SESAR standardisation activities performed during the deployment phase. Completion of the process should be as close as possible to the beginning of the standardisation working group’s activities. CMAC is responsible for the following actions.

Phase 1: Communication with stakeholders In the technical standardisation domain, military stakeholders are different from those that EUROCONTROL is used to working with. Military standardisation activities are organised outside the operational domains represented at EUROCONTROL by the MAB, CMIC and MilHaG. It is therefore necessary to meet the appropriate stakeholders/actors to obtain military commitment in ATM-related standardisation activities. Both the civil and the military stakeholders in the standardisation domain must be convinced of the need to contribute and to engage.

Action Objective Target date for completion

A1.1 Present the action plan to civil SESAR standardisation bodies.

Make civil organisations aware of the need for defence participation in civil standards development working groups.

Summer 2012

A1.2 Present the action plan to military standardisation stakeholders.

Introduce future SESAR standardisation activities to military standardisation structures.

Autumn 2012

A1.3 Report to MAB. Consistency between operational decisions and technical/standardisation decisions. MAB support for way ahead.

MAB meetings when relevant (AP or IP)

Phase 2: Support for stakeholders participating in SESAR standards working groups Once the civil SESAR standardisation bodies and the military standardisation structures are ready to agree to cooperate on the drafting of SESAR standards, technical support will be required to organise their cooperation. EUROCONTROL will support the setting-up of the process by bringing on-time input from master planning. The cooperation process must be synchronised with the master planning cycle. Feedback information must be provided to EUROCONTROL (DSS/CM) in order to update the gap and risk analysis for civil-military interoperability.




A2.1 Support all relevant parties in setting up the cooperation process aimed at developing civil-military standards.

Synchronise with the master planning process. Ensure that feedback is provided for gap and risk analysis for civil-military interoperability.

Winter 2013

Phase 3: Follow-up on SESAR standardisation activities SESAR standardisation activities will begin in 2012 and are expected to last around ten years. Military standardisation bodies will need as much time as possible to prepare themselves for cooperating with the SESAR standardisation bodies. EUROCONTROL (DSS/CM) is participating in the SESAR standardisation deliverables. Upon approval from the SESAR JU, EUROCONTROL (DSS/CM) will be able to provide military standardisation stakeholders with the proposed standardisation roadmap before the publication of the updated EATM Master Plan. This will facilitate the selection of the standards of military interest and the selection or appointment of defence expertise. This early selection will be adjusted afterwards with the publication of the EATMMP update. EUROCONTROL (DSS/CM) will receive the feedback on the decision of military standardisation stakeholders and the results of the standards development working groups for master planning activities. DSS/CM will participate in the EUROCONTROL internal consultation process managed by the EUROCONTROL/DSS/Regulatory Unit. EUROCONTROL (DSS/CM) comments will be sent to standards-development working groups along with other EUROCONTROL comments. This consultation is a first screening for military requirements in the standards, but it cannot be a substitute for the comments from the military/defence community.


A3.1 Provide early “proposed standardisation roadmap” and updated ATM Master Plan to military standardisation stakeholders.

Up-to-date input to the military selection process

Ongoing task

A3.2 Collect information from military standards selection process and update from standards working groups.

Up-to-date gap and risk analysis Ongoing task

A3.3 Participate in consultation process managed by the EUROCONTROL DSS/Regulatory Unit.

Complementary screening for military requirements in SESAR standards (does not replace military consultation)

Triggered by the EUROCONTROL/ Regulatory Unit process



Chapter 4 - Proposed civil-military standards development process

This chapter will describe a possible way of implementing a civil-military standards development process supporting SESAR ATM/CNS. It may be used as a first draft. This proposed process will then need to be discussed among the stakeholders and amended during phase one of the action plan. This will be used as a starting point for discussion. The aim is for it to be available for phase two in due time. The details of this proposed process are set out in Annex 1. Once defined, the process will be published in a separate document with reference to this action plan by the relevant organisation.

4.1 Description of the activity Civil-military standards development activity can be broken down into three main clusters of tasks:

• Preparation o Provision of the SESAR standardisation roadmap and the SESAR standards

development plan to the relevant military bodies o Selection of the standards which strongly influence civil-military interoperability

or which may impact military-military interoperability o Selection of the military expert(s)

• Standards development o Participation in the drafting of the standards which are deemed to be of

military interest in the framework of SES/SESAR implementation o Development of standards of a solely military nature only when absolutely

necessary (i.e. when the civil sector is not using the related enabler)

• Standards management o Identification of the risks and gaps when military participation is not possible o Endorsement of the standards by the military standards repository system o Effective use of the civil-military SESAR standards o Standards maintenance

4.2 Description of the actors The European Commission manages SES. It has a major role to play by coordinating the activities necessary for successful implementation as required in the regulations, mainly the implementing rules (IRs). The civil-sector endorsed standardisation bodies have been designated by the European Commission. EUROCAE, CEN, ETSI and others are expected to provide many SESAR technical standards, and EUROCONTROL and the aviation industry have a long history of cooperation with these standardisation organisations. Other standardisation organisations may be appointed by the Commission. Many frameworks will then have to be created between them and the military community. For the military, it is important that the defence actor in charge of coordinating the standardisation tasks groups together as many European military stakeholders as possible in order to ensure the legitimacy of its decisions. The military will provide some of the expertise to the civil-military standardisation working



groups and can be expected to support the buy-in for SESAR technical standardisation activities. Pre-existing groups should be assessed with a view to their becoming an appropriate medium for interfacing with the civil-sector SESAR standards-development working groups, given their wide audience and historical links with international military organisations. Minor updates to their charters would extend this new responsibility in the context of SES/SESAR ATM standardisation. NATO and the relevant NATO agencies should be asked to provide military expertise in certain specific domains and ensure the final consistency of the SESAR technical standardisation activity for the military for the NATO nations in its area of responsibility. This will include the endorsement in NATO publications of the SESAR technical standards and the management of the standards repository database.

4.3 Description of the tasks 4.3.1 Provision of the SESAR standardisation deliverables to the military With appropriate authorisation, the SESAR standardisation deliverables can be provided to the military through EUROCONTROL (DSS/CM), which contributes to SESAR WP C03 led by EUROCONTROL.

4.3.2 Selection of the standards of military interest in the context of SESAR A number of SESAR operational concepts are not related to the military and will not be implemented by the military. Amongst the standards listed in the SESAR standardisation roadmap, some deal with civil sector enablers only and do not need to include military provisions. Therefore the military will not deploy all of the SESAR operational improvements. Those selected by the military are called “operational improvements of military interest”. The military will focus mainly on the enablers supporting the operational improvements of military interest in order to optimise their resources. These enablers are named “enablers of military interest”. The military should participate in the drafting of or should supervise the standards supporting these specific enablers. The standards developed for SESAR operations implementation will have to support civil-military interoperability. Standards may be technical or operational. The figure below summarises the selection process for the military.



In the event of participation, the military expert(s) selected by the military ad-hoc process will join the working group, which will develop a civil-military standard. If the military does not join the working group, the standard will be civil-sector only. An assessment of the risks and gaps will need to be made by an appropriate body, which will inform the military of its findings.

4.3.3 Decision to participate and designation of military expertise Even at European level, in the military, the resources available for the development of standards are scarce. The decision to participate in the development of a SESAR standard must remain within the remit of the military but should be endorsed by as many military stakeholders as possible. The military will need to decide on its participation in the standards development working group, depending on:

o the nature of the standard; o the expected impact on military systems; and o the availability of military or defence industry expertise and resources.

One of the existing standardisation coordination groups could be appointed as the military body which organises military participation in SESAR standards development by discussing the selection of the standards of military interest. The standardisation community at large – civil and military – coordinates via several forums or groups (e.g. the SFDPS and the MSHT). It could be the appropriate link between the civil standardisation bodies, the industry and the military stakeholders. Other existing groups may organise the selection of the expertise. When the military decides to participate, the designation of the military expertise is the responsibility of the national military authorities. Military technical expertise may also be provided by the industry: defence industry input that is coordinated with the military could be a sound solution if expertise from the military side is not available. This industry involvement may also be dictated by technical knowledge availability. The military should be aware that participation in standards working groups requires resources, expertise and medium-term commitment. Designated military experts need to be supported by their national military organisations. Military experts will generally follow the rules applicable within the working group, like any

Operational concepts

Operational improvements of military interest

Enablers of military interest

Standards for the military to focus on



other contributor.

4.3.4 Synchronisation with the military standardisation decision-makers The standardisation roadmap will be proposed for validation by SESAR project C03 after consultation through the Air Traffic Management Standards Coordination Group (ATMSCG)10. The ESOs and EUROCAE are members of the ATMSCG. They will be able to make a forecast of their work plan about six months before official publication of the standardisation roadmap. Because the military is not represented on the ATMSCG, the military must also be informed in advance, in order to enable it to organise its participation in the standards working groups belonging to these standardisation organisations. There are two ways to fulfil this requirement: - Initial contact with the standardisation working group directed through the ATMSCG.

Just like EASA, the military could be an ATMSCG observer in order to propose the military contribution to the standardisation working group, which will already have been coordinated. This would require a modification to the ATMSCG’s rules and an increase in the number of participants. However, keeping the number of participants low has always been a strong principle of the ATMSCG; therefore this solution is unlikely to be implemented.

- Efficient pre-coordination through EUROCONTROL’s membership of ATMSCG.

DSS/CM could inform the military of the relevant outcomes of the ATMSCG so that the military could be prepared in time to participate in the development of standards.

4.3.5 Global process for SESAR civil-military standards The military stakeholders will be provided in the short term and the long term with documents regarding standardisation activities for SES interoperability: the standards development plan and the standardisation roadmap. Standardisation organisations will be mandated to develop the standards. Meanwhile, the military will have some time to select which standards are relevant from the military point of view (standards of military interest, or SMIs), taking into account the military deployment strategy and planning for SESAR systems coming from the relevant body (yet to be appointed11). The military may not have the resources to participate in all the working groups set up by the civil standardisation organisation. Certain standards will be given priority, and the military will naturally focus their resources on these standards. The other standards on the SMI list will be inserted into the gap and risk analysis. The available military resources will be appointed by the military in a manner yet to be decided. It could take the form of a military, procurement, defence industry or contractual expert, identified as being able to provide military expertise in the standards development working group. The military expert(s) will join the civil working group and participate in the meetings and working sessions in order to draft a common standard for civil and military stakeholders. The risk and gap analysis will be updated to take into account the lowered risk resulting from the completed standardisation activity. The civil process will be used as the basis for drafting standards, and the military may participate following the process below.

10 The ATMSCG (Air Traffic Management Coordination Group) is a joint initiative of CEN-CENELEC-ETSI-EUROCAE-

EUROCONTROL-EASAEC/EFTA. EASA is an ATMSCG observer. 11 Decisions for deployment have not yet been made, but the process described is independent of that decision.



Generic process for civil-military coordination in civil-military SESAR standards drafting

The body in charge of analysing the standardisation risks and gaps for the military is still to be designated, but this living document must be available to the stakeholders in charge of planning and development. It is proposed that EUROCONTROL/DSS/CMAC, which has a role in coordinating the military contribution to SESAR and whose internal experts are participating in the SESAR projects, be in charge of the SESAR military risk and gap analysis related to standardisation activities.

4.3.6 Standards development process for SESAR military-only standards The standardisation documents provided by SESAR will include military-only standards. Very few SESAR standards should be military only. If a SESAR standard is developed solely for the sake of military-military interoperability, the military shall assume responsibility for the drafting of that standard. It is not the purpose of this action plan to decide who is to be in charge of the development of the SESAR military-only standards.


plan


Appointed civil standardisation

organisation

Selection of SMIs

Decision on

participation Appointment of defence expertise

Civil standardisation working group

Standard

Assessment of expertise No participation Update

“Risks and gaps analysis”

Military responsibility Civil/military responsibility

SESAR



Developing these standards will require close coordination with the SESAR projects because of the ATM development and deployment cycle for ATM systems.

Generic process for military SESAR standards working groups

4.3.7 Subsequent phases Consultation before publication A SESAR standard in which the military participates will follow the usual civil-sector consultation process. The standards working group will consult the stakeholders prior to the release of the standard. EUROCONTROL will participate in the consultation phase. The DSS Regulatory Unit will manage the EUROCONTROL contribution and include DSS/CM comments through a comprehensive internal process. DSS/CM will not be able to encompass all the military expertise required to provide comment on any SESAR standard, and DSS/CM will not be entitled to provide official comments from the military. The consultation phase needs to be addressed by the military community. Later, the “approved” standard will be added to the military standard database and/or enforced through the STANAG process and be reflected in national military standardisation repositories. However, this standard will be of a civil-military nature and will also exist in the civil framework. It will therefore be an important tool for supporting equivalent certification.


Military standardisation

organisation

Decision on

development

Appointment of defence expertise

Military standard

Update “risk and gap

analysis”

Military responsibility

Coordination between military standardisation

bodies


plan

Civil/military responsibility

No development

Military standardisation working group

SESAR



Maintenance of standards Military participation in the standardisation working groups will later allow them to be aware of and participate in the updates to and maintenance of the standards. The amount of resources and the organisation behind such activities must not be underestimated by the military community. Standards database SESAR civil-military interoperability will be greatly improved if SESAR standards are held in an international military procurement agency database and used on a regular basis. European military standardisation tools (e.g. EDSTAR) can collect and host the SESAR civil-military and SESAR military-only standards. This database is regularly used by the military procurement agencies.

4.4 Conditions for acceptance of military expertise in civil standardisation groups The European Commission sets the SES standardisation policy. The interoperability regulation already describes the major actors in technical standardisation. Military experts may participate in SESAR civil standardisation working groups only if:

- the civil standardisation organisation is open to military experts, and - military participation has been coordinated among the military stakeholders.

Depending on whether the standard is civil-military or military-only in nature, the possibility for military experts to join the civil working group must be taken into account in order to distribute the workload among standardisation organisations. Charters or ToRs might have to be accommodated if necessary. For EUROCAE, the status of the “military membership” as a whole might be addressed. The military is composed of dozens of States and organisations, which could be considered as a group. It is impossible to assess in advance which State will provide the required expertise. It will be decided on the basis of availability and required expertise.

4.5 Identified responsibilities The management of military participation in the civil standardisation working groups must be handled efficiently and at minimum cost. No additional group or board must be created. Many groups already work in the domain of civil and military standardisation, and they can support this new process. A proposal for the responsibilities for each task is summarised in the following table (civil-military standards):



Task Leader Contributor

1. Provision of the SESAR standardisation roadmap and the standards SESAR development plan to the relevant structures

EUROCONTROL (DSS/CM)

SESAR WP C03

2. Selection of the standards which strongly influence civil-military or military-military interoperability

To be defined

To be defined

3. Decision on participation in standard development working group

To be defined To be defined

4. Selection and appointment of the military expert(s) (or representative)

To be defined To be defined

4. Drafting of the standards which are deemed of military interest in the framework of SES implementation

Civil standardisation working group

Selected military/defence expert(s)

5. Development of standards of a solely military nature only when absolutely necessary (i.e. when the civil sector is not using the related enabler)

To be defined Could be national DSO or NATO

Military experts (from the nations or NATO)

6. Identification of the risks and gaps for network performance when military participation is not possible

DSS/CM Military experts

7. Consultation before standards publication

To be defined for the military participation

Military experts DSS/CM or national military expert

8. Endorsement of the standards by the military standards repository systems

NATO, EDSTAR JMC, etc.

9. Effective use and maintenance of the civil-military SESAR standards

Military headquarters Military procurement agencies

NB: This table purposely does not identify all organisations or structures which could assume responsibility for the tasks described above. This will require consultation and a dry-run followed by appropriate modification.



Chapter 5 - Conclusion

The principles for achieving the required civil-military technical standardisation results identified during the SESAR development phase are expected to be the following:

• SESAR standardisation output will be the main input for the standardisation activities: o The SESAR standardisation roadmap o The SESAR standards development plan o The SESAR standardisation cases

• The civil standardisation process will be the backbone process for all SESAR

common standards development. Military/defence experts will join the appointed SESAR standardisation working groups. These experts might belong to MoDs or to the defence industry.

• The military will organise its participation through existing military standardisation

bodies and processes to provide the relevant expertise to the future SESAR standardisation working groups.

• The military will decide whether to participate in the standards development working

groups or to opt out. • Provisions shall exist to accept military experts in the SESAR standards development

working groups. • The military will normally initiate the development of SESAR-related standards only if

there is no suitable civil standard available or planned.

• The SESAR standards will be made available to military procurement agencies and military technical planning branches and used for SESAR-related ATM/CNS systems to ensure SESAR civil-military interoperability.

• Full civil-military and military-military interoperability will be safeguarded by the

existing military groups in charge of standardisation cooperation and harmonisation, and by the endorsement of those civil-military standards as relevant NATO standardisation material.

• The EUROCONTROL action plan will contribute to achieving the objectives of civil-

military interoperability through standardisation activities. DSS/CM will be in charge of risk and gap analysis linked to SESAR master planning.



ANNEX 1 – EUROCONTROL action plan phases and tasks

Phase 1 Action Objective Target date for

completion A1.1 Present to civil SESAR

standardisation bodies

Make civil organisations aware of the need for

defence participation in civil standards

development working groups.

Summer 2012

A1.2 Present to military

standardisation stakeholders

Introduce future SESAR standardisation

activities to military standardisation structures.

Autumn 2012

A1.3 Report to MAB Ensure consistency between operational

decisions and technical/standardisation

decisions. Obtain MAB’s support for the way

ahead.

MAB meeting

when appropriate

(AP or IP)

Phase 2


A2.1 Support all relevant

parties in setting up the

cooperation process aimed at

developing civil-military

standards

Synchronise with the master planning

process.

Ensure that feedback is provided for gap and

risk analysis for civil-military interoperability.

Winter 2013

Phase 3


A3.1 Provide early “proposed

standardisation roadmap” and

ATM Master Plan to military

standardisation stakeholders

Provide up-to-date input to the military

selection process.

Ongoing task

A3.2 Collect information from

military standards selection

process and update from

standards working groups

Update the gap and risk analysis. Ongoing task

A3.3 Participate in consultation

process managed by the

EUROCONTROL DSS/Reg. Unit

Provide complementary screening for

military requirements in SESAR standards

(does not replace military consultation).

Triggered by the

EUROCONTROL/

Reg. Unit process

EUROCONTROL

© June 2012 - European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL). This document is published by EUROCONTROL for information purposes. It may be copied in

whole or in part, provided that EUROCONTROL is mentioned as the source and it is not used for

commercial purposes (i.e. for financial gain). The information in this document may not be modified

without prior written permission from EUROCONTROL.

www.eurocontrol.int

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