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Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how the DNA changes and who reproduces.
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Applyantibiotic
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Kills most bacteria.Except if some have mutation that allow them to be resistant.
Continues to replicate
Population of resistant bacteria
Bacteria with mutation causing resistance
Evolution: changes in DNA as information transmitted
Evolution: A species’ genetic component changes as the individuals reproduce. These changes are based on how the DNA changes and who reproduces.
DNA is passed from generation to generation, and therefore can tell us about relationships between individuals.
Mom provides 50.000275%and Dad provides 49.999825% of DNA to offspring.
… because Mom provides 100% of mitochondrial DNA
Fig 4
By determining the average time between mutations, we can estimate the time of the last common ancestor.
Fig 4
The mutation rate in human mtDNA is one nucleotide change per 20,000 years.ORA difference of one nucleotide between two people indicates a common relative 10,000 years ago.
7 Daughters of Eve, fig. 2
From Science v298 12/20/02 pg 2381
•93-95% of genetic variation within population.
•3-5% of genetic variation occurs between populations.
Relationships of different people using mtDNA.
Multiregional hypothesis: disproved by mtDNA data
“Out of Africa” hypothesis: disproved by other DNA data
Two hypotheses about the origin of H. sapiens
7 Daughters of Eve, fig. 2
From Science v298 12/20/02 pg 2381
•93-95% of genetic variation within population.
•3-5% of genetic variation occurs between populations.
Relationships of different people using mtDNA.
The nervous system allows us to perceive the environment while the brain integrates the incoming signals to determine an appropriate response.
Active seeking of infoversusSubconscious scanning for threats
Are we evolutionarily adapted to detect certain threats?
Emotion Drives Attention: Detecting the Snake in the GrassJournal of Experimental Psychology: General 2001, Vol. 130, No. 3, 466-478Arne Ohman, Anders Flykt, and Francisco Esteveshttp://sas.epnet.com/citation.asp?tb=0&_ug=sid+B751259C%2D3010%2D40FD%2D856F%2D2A9AA70CE5D2%40sessionmgr6+FE52&_us=SLsrc+ext+30AB&_usmtl=ftv+True+137E&_uso=hd+False+db%5B0+%2Dpdh+33B8&bk=S&EBSCOContent=ZWJjY8bb43ePqLhrvNfxa6Gmr4GPp7iFpKq5gKiWxpjDpfKDo6%2BwfqevrbjQ3%2B151N7uvuMA&rn=&fn=&db=pdh&an=xge1303466&sm=&cf=1
Fig 1. Emotion Drives Attention: Detecting the Snake in the Grass (2001) J. of Ex. Psy., Vol. 130, No. 3, 466-478
Ability to detect snake or spider versus flower or mushroom
by grid position
Fig 1. Emotion Drives Attention: Detecting the Snake in the Grass (2001) J. of Ex. Psy., Vol. 130, No. 3, 466-478
Ability to detect snake or spider versus flower or mushroom
by grid position
Fig 2. Emotion Drives Attention: Detecting the Snake in the Grass (2001) J. of Ex. Psy., Vol. 130, No. 3, 466-478
Ability to detect snake or spider versus flower or mushroom is relatively quicker in a larger grid
The Role of Social Groups in the Persistence of Learned Fear (2005) SCIENCE 309 pg 785 Andreas Olsson, Jeffrey P. Ebert, Mahzarin R. Banaji, Elizabeth A. Phelpshttp://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/309/5735/785
This perspective accompanies the article and has some useful background and further discussion:http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/309/5735/711
Fig 1. The Role of Social Groups in the Persistence of Learned Fear (2005) SCIENCE 309 pg 785
Conditioned fear: snakes/spiders
Fig 1. The Role of Social Groups in the Persistence of Learned Fear (2005) SCIENCE 309 pg 785
Conditioned fear: race
Fig 1. The Role of Social Groups in the Persistence of Learned Fear (2005) SCIENCE 309 pg 785
Conditioned fear:
snakes/spiders race
Fig 2. The Role of Social Groups in the Persistence of Learned Fear (2005) SCIENCE 309 pg 785
Fear of other races:
Whites Blacks
Is Race Necessarily a Defining Characteristic?
Can race be erased? Coalitional computation and social categorization (December 18, 2001) PNAS vol. 98 no. 26 pg 15387–15392 Robert Kurzban, John Tooby, and Leda Cosmideshttp://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/98/26/15387
My birthday is in April.
My birthday is in June.
My birthday is in August.
My birthday is in January.
My birthday is in July.
My birthday is in October.
My birthday is in May.
My birthdayis in February.
Can race be erased? Coalitional computation and social categorization (December 18, 2001) PNAS vol. 98 no. 26 pg 15387–15392
Random Statements
I like orange. Hook em’. Acie Law is awesome.
Go Horns.Kevin Durant is awesome.
I like Maroon.
Gig em’.
Go Aggies.
Can race be erased? Coalitional computation and social categorization (December 18, 2001) PNAS vol. 98 no. 26 pg 15387–15392
Coalition Membership
I like orange. Hook em’. Acie Law is awesome.
Go Horns.Kevin Durant is awesome.
I like Maroon.
Gig em’.
Go Aggies.
When alternate coalition membership information is introduced, race is ignored.
Despite a lifetime's experience of race as a predictor of social alliance, less than 4 min of exposure to an alternate social world was enough to deflate the tendency to categorize by race. These results suggest that racism may be a volatile and eradicable construct that persists only so long as it is actively maintained through being linked to parallel systems of social alliance.
Multiregional hypothesis: disproved by mtDNA data
“Out of Africa” hypothesis: disproved by other DNA data
Two hypotheses about the origin of H. sapiens
7 Daughters of Eve, fig. 2
From Science v298 12/20/02 pg 2381
•93-95% of genetic variation within population.
•3-5% of genetic variation occurs between populations.
Relationships of different people using mtDNA.