= Roundtable Session = Separate Fee Required = Invitation Only 1

February 19-22, 2017 Washington Marriott Wardman Park Washington, DC

AIEAAssociation of International Education Administrators

Leaders in InternationalHigher Education

Internationalization Through Difference:Transcending Boundaries

Conference Check-InConference participants may pick up their registration materials at the Convention Registration Desk on the Lobby Level.

Conference Registration HoursSunday, February 19 7:30am – 6:00 pm

Monday, February 20 7:30am – 6:00 pm

Tuesday, February 21 7:30am – 6:00 pm

Wednesday, February 22 7:30am – 12:30 pm

Onsite Registration and TicketsOnsite registration is available for an additional $50 fee. One-day passes are available. Subject to availability, you may also be able to purchase event tickets for non-conference participants.

Schedule ChangesAny schedule changes will be posted each day on the Message Board located in the registration area. Please visit this area each day for the most up-to-date information about session changes and other conference news. Changes will also be posted in the Conference Mobile App and on social media using #AIEA2017.

Conference SessionsPlease arrive early at sessions to ensure a seat. If sessions are full, please choose a different session or connect with colleagues in the exhibit hall.

Evaluation FormsPlease take a few minutes to complete the paper evaluations at the end of each session or on the mobile conference app. Post-conference evaluations will be sent to participants online following the conference. Be sure to watch your email for the online evaluation form and return it promptly. Your feedback is invaluable in planning future conferences.

Name BadgesAll conference participants are required to wear

name badges for admission to all sessions, the Exhibit Hall, and events, so remember to wear your badge at all times. Please note that one-day passes are color-coded and will have the applicable date listed on the name badge. Lost name badges can be replaced at the registration desk for a $10 fee.

Name badges must be worn at all times and are color-coded as follows:

Full-Conference: Blue Monday Only: White Press Pass: Orange Tuesday Only: Yellow Workshop-Only: Pink Wednesday Only: Gray

Conference Volunteers and InternsVolunteers and Interns are available to answer questions and provide information about the conference. Volunteers will be wearing special shirts, and interns will be wearing special vests.

7:30am – 6:00pm Conference Registration Convention Registration Desk, Lobby Level

9:00am – 4:00pm AIEA Board Meeting Madison AB

8:00am – 12:00pm AIEA Workshop Opportunities for SIO Leadership in Global Research: Building your Institution’s “Global Research IQ” (GRIQ)

Hoover

8:00am – 12:00pm AIEA Workshop Foreign Universities in China: Impact of China’s New NGO Law

Harding

1:00pm – 5:00pm AIEA/ICI Workshop Intercultural Concepts for Busy University Leaders: “There is Nothing as Practical as a Good Theory” - Kurt Lewin

Hoover

1:00pm – 5:00pm AIEA Workshop The Power of Persuasion

Coolidge

1:00pm – 5:00pm AIEA/IIE Workshop Implementing Strategic International Partnerships

Harding

4:30pm – 5:30pm AIEA Presidential Fellows/Mentors Reception Balcony B

9:00pm – 10:00pm Women’s Networking Meet-Up Balcony B

SUNDAY AT A GLANCE

Conference information continued on page 8

2 = Roundtable Session = Separate Fee Required = Invitation Only

MONDAY AT A GLANCE

= Roundtable Session = Separate Fee Required = Invitation Only

7:30am – 6:00pm Conference Registration Convention Registration Desk, Lobby Level

8:00am – 12:00pm AIEA Workshop Managing Risk and Legal Issues in the Context of Internationalization

Hoover

8:00am – 12:00pm AIEA/AAC&U Workshop Inclusive Excellence and Global Learning: Intersections between Internationalization and Diversity/Inclusion Initiatives to Advance Student Learning

Coolidge

8:00am – 12:00pm AIEA Workshop Now What? Planning and Managing Your Career as an SIO

Harding

8:00am – 10:00am Breakfast Dialogue (Pre-registration required) Charting the Course of the Canada-United States Relationship of the Future

Roosevelt 1

9:00am – 10:15am AIEA Policy Advisory Committee Meeting Capitol Boardroom

9:00am – 10:15am AIEA Membership Committee Meeting Roosevelt 5

9:00am – 10:15am AIEA Strategic Issues Committee Meeting Roosevelt 4

9:00am – 10:15am AIEA Leadership Development Committee Meeting Delaware B

9:00am – 10:15am AIEA Editorial Committee Meeting McKinley

10:00am – 12:00pm Networking Brunch Tapas with Exhibitors Marriott Ballroom

10:00am – 6:00pm Exhibit Hall Open Marriott Ballroom

11:00am – 12:00pm Newcomer Orientation Roosevelt 2 & 3

11:30am – 12:30pm Senior SIO Event Balcony B

12:30pm – 1:45pm Concurrent Sessions and Roundtables

Newcomer’s Roundtable Coolidge

Post-Election Roundtable: Implications for International Higher Education Delaware B

Silos Transformed: Professional Development as Cooperative Strategy for Faculty, Staff, and Administrators Harding

The International Faculty Seminar: Three Institutions, Three Variations on a Model Wilson A

Drivers of International Student Satisfaction: Research and Recommendations for HEIs Wilson B

An Environmental Scan and Exploration of Best Practices in U.S. Universities’ Presence Overseas Maryland A

The Global Professional: Study Abroad “Reimagined” Maryland B

The SIO in Crisis Management: What To Do When Your University Is on the Front Page of the Newspaper Delaware A

The End of Turf War: A Five-Point Green Strategy for Sustainable Internationalization Virginia C

“South of the Border:” Venturing into Southeast Asia Wilson C

Linking Silos: International Educators as Transdisciplinary Bridge-Builders Virginia B

How Much Do You Really Know? Virginia A

Complimentary Wifi will be available throughout the conference.AAIEA is pleased to be able to offer WiFi to our registered attendees, compliments of i-graduate.

Many thanks to i-graduate for their continued support!

Compliments of i-graduate

• Simply check for WiFi Service

• Connect to “MARRIOTT_CONFERENCE”

• Password: igraduate

= Roundtable Session = Separate Fee Required = Invitation Only 3

MONDAY AT A GLANCE2:00 pm – 3:00 pm Conference Opening Plenary – Keynote: Rinku Sen Marriott Ballroom

3:00 pm – 3:30 pm Networking Break with Exhibitors Marriott Ballroom

3:30pm – 4:45pm Concurrent Sessions and Roundtables

Engaging the Governing Board to Advance Student Success through Internationalization Harding

Building and Retaining a More Diverse Community of International Students Delaware B

Back to the Future: Linking Graduate Education, Expertise and Outcomes for Greater Global Learning Coolidge

How to Transcend Internal Boundaries? Institutional Efforts to Mobilize the Whole University Community Virginia A

The Altar of “Employability” Wilson C

Looking in Multiple Directions and Embracing Multiple Roles: Actionable Leadership for Effective Change Virginia C

Responding to World Crises through Higher Education: The Case of Syria and Beyond Maryland A

Trends, Results, Lessons and Challenges in Internationalization within the Americas Wilson A

A National Framework for Developing Cultural and Global Competencies Delaware A

My Way or the Highway: Navigating the Complexities of International Agreements Virginia B

Implications and Applications for the Assessment of Short-Term Study Abroad Programs for Graduate Students Wilson B

The Big Hustle: Financing International Education in a Challenging Budgetary Environment Maryland B

5:00pm – 6:15pm Concurrent Sessions and Roundtables

Thinking Globally, Acting Locally: Conversations about Cross-Campus Collaborations in International Enrollment Management

Coolidge

The New SIO and Institutional Change: During and After the “Honeymoon Period” Harding

Driving Academic Partnerships Forward: Successes and Challenges Faced by Senior International Officers Delaware B

The Provost’s Perspective on Internationalization Delaware A

Examining Sustainable Funding in University Partnerships: Case Studies from Asia and the U.S. Virginia A

The “Two Hats” Senior International Officer (SIO) Virginia B

Curricular Models to Advance Citizenship: Rising to New Challenges to Teach Globally Minded Students Virginia C

Gaining Evidence of the Impact of Internationalization through Assessment of Intercultural Competence Maryland A

Challenges and Issues: Supporting Chinese International Students Wilson C

Blowback: Can International Advocacy Invite Adverse Outcomes? Maryland B

Small Colleges, Big Innovations: SIOs as Nimble Bridge-Builders Wilson A

Organizational Change and the Making of an Internationally Friendly University Wilson B

6:30 pm – 7:00 pm VIP Reception Balcony B

7:00 pm – 8:30 pm Opening Reception Marriott Ballroom, Mezzanine Level Entrance

AIEA invites you to download the 2017 AIEA Mobile App.This app has up-to-date information about sessions, presenters, sponsors, and conference events,

compliments of Terra Dotta. Thank you Terra Dotta for your continued support!

Compliments of Terra Dotta

To download:

• iPhone and iPad users: Search “AIEA 2017” on the Apple App Store.

• Android users: Search “AIEA 2017” on the Google Play Store.

• Blackberry, Windows, and laptop users: Go to: https://aiea2017.gatherdigital.com (do not type www when entering this link!)

4 = Roundtable Session = Separate Fee Required = Invitation Only

TUESDAY AT A GLANCE

Tweet about the conference using #AIEA2017

7:00 am – 7:25am Energizer Session I Madison A

7:30am – 7:55am Energizer Session II Madison A

7:30 am – 6:00pm Conference Registration Convention Registration Desk, Lobby Level

8:00 am – 5:00pm Exhibit Hall Open Marriott Ballroom

7:00 am – 8:45am NIEA Breakfast Roosevelt 5

7:45 am – 8:45am AIEA Awards Committee Meeting Hoover

7:45 am – 8:45am Information Session A Evolution of your International Recruitment Roadmap: Importance of Market Diversification & Development

Roosevelt 1

7:45 am – 8:45am Information Session B Seeking Best Practices in U.S.- Japan Institutional Partnerships for Student Mobility

Roosevelt 2

8:45am – 10:00am Concurrent Sessions and Roundtables

Expanding Scholarship Opportunities for Refugees and At-Risk Migrants Harding

Partnerships as Tools for Development and Internationalization: Lessons from Universities in Kazakhstan and Central Asia

Coolidge

Exploring Leadership Opportunities and Challenges for the Newer SIO Delaware B

Strategic Partnerships: Canadian and American Co-op and Internship Programs that Advance Internationalization Delaware A

Intentional Integration Strategies: Leveraging Partnerships and Resources to Develop Cultural Competencies Virginia A

Scholar-Practitioners and the Power of Data and Research to Change a Story Virginia B

Working Better Together Across an International University Network: Lessons Learned from the Universitas 21 Experience

Virginia C

The Dynamic Diversity of the Asia-Pacific: The Evidence Base for the Impact of Research Universities on Global Issues

Maryland A

Faculty as Global Learners: Strategies to Enhance the Transformative Impact of Leading Off-Campus Programs Maryland B

Using a Cross-Cultural Toolkit to Internationalize Your Curriculum Wilson A

Navigating Silos, Strategic Plans, and Systems: International Educators as Internationalization Thought Leaders Wilson B

Global Study on Engagement of International Student Recruitment Agencies by U.S. Institutions Delaware A

Nimble Management of International Education Projects: Effective Use of Inside and Outside Perspectives Wilson C

10:00am – 10:45am Networking Break with Exhibitors Marriott Ballroom

10:45am – 12:00pm Concurrent Sessions and Roundtables

The International Dimension of Erasmus+: Strategic Opportunities for SIOs Hoover

Recruitment and Retention: Success Through Collaboration Delaware B

The Nimble SIO: Emerging Models and Opportunities for Research Ties in Asia-Pacific Coolidge

Inside the 2016 AIEA Leadership Academy for New SIOs: A Roundtable Discussion Harding

International Alumni: Why Is It So Hard to Develop an Effective Policy? Virginia A

Facilitating Academic Mobility in the Americas Virginia C

Preparing Interculturally Competent Students in High School: What SIOs Need to Know Maryland A

Internationalization and Quality Assurance in Liberal Arts Education: The Perspective of East Asian Institutions Wilson B

“No Man is an Island”: Shared Practices of Intra-regional Collegiate Partnerships Wilson A

International Strategic Partnerships: Exploring Emerging Practices to Transcend Boundaries Maryland B

Pushing Boundaries: Leveraging Locational Opportunities to Shape Internationalization Strategy Wilson C

Strategies for Equitable Funding of Universal Global Learning Initiatives Coolidge

Washington Update: Key Issues in International Education and How to Influence the Discussion Delaware A

12:15pm – 1:15pm Networking and Awards Luncheon Marriott Ballroom

= Roundtable Session = Separate Fee Required = Invitation Only 5

TUESDAY AT A GLANCE1:30pm – 2:45pm Concurrent Sessions and Roundtables

Transcending Archetypes: Exploring Common Identities of International Education Practitioners Coolidge

SIO Leadership and Mentoring through the AIEA Senior Advisers Program Harding

Transcending Boundaries through International Research Partnerships Delaware B

International Higher Education’s Scholar-Practitioners: Bridging Research and Practice Virginia B

Ethical Global Partnerships: Sparking Campus-Wide Commitment Virginia C

Engaging the Silos in Solidarity: Conversation is Possible and Essential Maryland A

Short-Term Overseas Programs: Objectives, Risks, and Assessments Maryland B

Getting Future Ready: Aligning Institutional Strategies with Emerging Trends Delaware A

Institutionalizing Intercultural Competence: Strategies for Broad Integration of New Learning Outcomes Wilson C

Internationalizing the Faculty: How to Better Prepare Professors for Today’s International Classroom Virginia A

How to Negotiate Effective, Sustainable, and Pervasive Global Agreements Maryland C

Connecting Myanmar with the World Wilson A

Welcoming a New Wave of Students from China: Rising Expectations and Challenges Wilson B

2:45pm – 3:30pm Networking Break with Exhibitors Marriott Ballroom

3:30pm – 4:45pm Concurrent Sessions and Roundtables

What Are U.S. Universities Doing to Admit Refugees? Harding

Transcending Boundaries Through Diversity Coolidge

The SIO’s First Year: Stories of Trials, Tribulations, Victories and Navigating the Way Delaware B

How do Confucius Institutes Contribute to Global Strategies in U.S. Universities? Wilson A

Bridging Divides in the Intercultural Classroom Virginia A

Building the Bridge as We Cross It: Three SIO Approaches to Diminish Campus Silos Wilson B

Hither, Thither, and Yon: Establishing Measurable Outcomes for the SIO Virginia C

Hot Topics in International Education: Perspectives from Europe, North America and Brazil Delaware A

A Flipped Perspective on International Education: When Differences Between Home Campus and Study Abroad Matter Wilson C

SIOs as Proficient Communicators: Conversing Across Difference Virginia B

Engaging Legal Counsel in Organizational Change for International Education Maryland B

International University Strategic Partnerships: Critical for Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources Maryland A

Alternative Pathways to Becoming an SIO Maryland C

5:00pm – 6:15pm Concurrent Sessions and Roundtables

100% or Bust: Breaking Silos to Achieve Outbound Mobility Goals Coolidge

Intercultural Competence and Learning Outcomes: Transcending the “Numbers Game” Paradigm Harding

Addressing the Conditions and Concerns of Today’s Women Leaders in International Education Around the World Delaware B

International Partnerships: Strategy, Stakeholders, and Implementation Wilson C

Internationalization through Inclusion: Challenges, Strategies and Resources Virginia B

DACA and “Sanctuary” Campuses: Fact, Fiction, and Speculation Wilson B

Mentoring and Networking in SIO Leadership Wilson A

The Role of the SIO in International Student Recruitment Strategy Delaware A

Europe -U.S. Partnerships: Strategies and Mechanisms to Access Funding Sources and Increase Mobility Maryland A

Strategically Identifying, Developing and Explaining Benefits of International Science Collaboration Maryland B

Harnessing Language Schools as University Pathways Virginia C

Beyond Emergency Response: International Risk Management and Mitigation for International Programs Virginia A

Are We There Yet? Navigating Approaches to Assess Student Learning in Short-Term Programs Abroad Wilson B

6:15pm – 7:30pm AIEA Networking Reception Marriott Foyer, Mezzanine Level

7:30pm AIEA Past Presidents Dinner

6 = Roundtable Session = Separate Fee Required = Invitation Only

WEDNESDAY AT A GLANCE7:30am – 12:30pm Conference Registration Convention Registration Desk, Lobby Level

7:45am – 9:00am AIEA Association Breakfast – Keynote: Esther Brimmer Marriott Ballroom

9:00am – 2:30pm Exhibit Hall Open Marriott Ballroom

9:15am – 10:30am Concurrent Sessions and Roundtables

AIEA Town Hall Harding

The Global Higher Education Leadership Pool: Recruiting Talent to Support Internationalization Delaware B

Internationalization through Diversity Coolidge

Socially Relevant Research Universities: From Rhetoric to Reality Wilson B

Dealing with the Elephant in the Room: U.S. Nationalism Virginia A

Transcending Borders: Successful Practices to Support Undocumented Students Studying Abroad Wilson A

Navigating the Boundaries Between Different National Approaches to Internationalization Virginia B

Intercultural Strategies for Enhancing Campus Inclusion and Student Success Virginia C

Sustainability: Critical for Assessing International Cooperation Maryland A

Education Abroad in a World Gone Mad Delaware A

Global Education in a Troubled World: Negotiating New Alliances Maryland C

SIO as Change Agent: An Interactive and Comparative Approach to Comprehensive Internationalization Wilson C

Lessons of Leadership: The Challenge of Transcending Silos Maryland B

10:30am – 11:00am Networking Break with Exhibitors Marriott Ballroom

11:00am – 12:15pm Advocacy Day - Preparation and Training Wilson C

11:00am – 12:15pm Concurrent Sessions and Roundtables

AIEA Strategic Issues Committee Shares a Framework of Strategic Issues Coolidge

The Future of Study Abroad: Tensions, Questions, and Possible Responses Harding

International Education as a Career: Understanding the Search Process and How to Compete for SIO Positions Delaware B

Risk Managers for International Travel: How it Works and How to Get One Virginia A

The State of Internationalization: Findings from APLU’s “A Renewed Call to Leadership” Virginia B

We Can’t Do This Alone: The Need for Internal Partnerships to Make External Partnerships Successful Virginia C

Institutional Perspectives on Pathway Partnerships in Australia, the U.K., and the U.S. Maryland A

Transcending Boundaries: Inclusion and Engagement of International Students as an Institutional Responsibility Delaware A

Focus on the SIO as Scholar: How and Where to Publish Your Research Wilson A

SIOs and Faculty Unite to Enhance Global Teaching and Learning through Communities of Practice Wilson B

Journeying Beyond: Why and How do SIOs Make It Happen On Campus? Maryland B

12:30pm – 2:00pm Plenary Luncheon – Keynote: Eric Weiner Marriott Ballroom

2:30pm Conference Closes

2:30pm – 5:00pm Advocacy Day

3:00pm – 4:30pm Leadership Dialogue on India-US Higher Education Cooperation Hoover

3:00pm – 5:30pm Optional Campus Visits (Registration required)

Thursday event 9:00am – 3:00pm: Transatlantic Leadership Dialogue (Pre-registration required)

AIEA Social Media#AIEA2017 on Twitter Be sure to pick up your “I Tweet” ribbon at the registration desk!

LinkedIn Groups• AIEA 2017 Conference Community• AIEA Association of International Educators

Facebook• AIEA Association of International Education Administrators

= Roundtable Session = Separate Fee Required = Invitation Only 7

ROUNDTABLE DISCUSSIONS Monday 12:30pm – 1:45pm

Newcomer’s Roundtable Coolidge

Post-Election Roundtable: Implications for International Higher Education Delaware B

Silos Transformed: Professional Development as Cooperative Strategy for Faculty, Staff, and Administrators Harding

Monday 3:30pm – 4:45pm

Engaging the Governing Board to Advance Student Success through Internationalization Harding

Building and Retaining a More Diverse Community of International Students Delaware B

Back to the Future: Linking Graduate Education, Expertise and Outcomes for Greater Global Learning Coolidge

Monday 5:00pm – 6:15pm

Thinking Globally, Acting Locally: Conversations about Cross-Campus Collaborations in International Enrollment Management Coolidge

The New SIO and Institutional Change: During and After the “Honeymoon Period” Harding

Driving Academic Partnerships Forward: Successes and Challenges Faced by Senior International Officers Delaware B

Tuesday 8:45am – 10:00am

Expanding Scholarship Opportunities for Refugees and At-Risk Migrants Harding

Partnerships as Tools for Development and Internationalization: Lessons from Universities in Kazakhstan and Central Asia Coolidge

Exploring Leadership Opportunities and Challenges for the Newer SIO Delaware B

Tuesday 10:45am – 12:00pm

The International Dimension of Erasmus+: Strategic Opportunities for SIOs Hoover

Recruitment and Retention: Success Through Collaboration Delaware B

The Nimble SIO: Emerging Models and Opportunities for Research Ties in Asia-Pacific Coolidge

Inside the 2016 AIEA New SIO Academy: A Roundtable Discussion Harding

Tuesday 1:30pm – 2:45pm

Transcending Archetypes: Exploring Common Identities of International Education Practitioners Coolidge

SIO Leadership and Mentoring through the AIEA Senior Advisers Program Harding

Transcending Boundaries through International Research Partnerships Delaware B

Tuesday 3:30pm – 4:45pm

What Are U.S. Universities Doing to Admit Refugees? Harding

Transcending Boundaries Through Diversity Coolidge

The SIO’s First Year: Stories of Trials, Tribulations, Victories and Navigating the Way Delaware B

Tuesday 5:00pm – 6:15pm

100% or Bust: Breaking Silos to Achieve Outbound Mobility Goals Coolidge

Intercultural Competence and Learning Outcomes: Transcending the “Numbers Game” Paradigm Harding

Addressing the Conditions and Concerns of Today’s Women Leaders in International Education Around the World Delaware B

Wednesday 9:15am – 10:30am

AIEA Town Hall Harding

The Global Higher Education Leadership Pool: Recruiting Talent to Support Internationalization Delaware B

Internationalization through Diversity Coolidge

Wednesday 11:00am – 12:15pm

AIEA Strategic Issues Committee Shares a Framework of Strategic Issues Coolidge

The Future of Study Abroad: Tensions, Questions, and Possible Responses Harding

8

Conference information continued from front page

In Case of EmergencyIn the event of an emergency, please follow instructions from the Washington Marriott Wardman Park. AIEA will update conference participants via social media and the AIEA website as circumstances allow.

Mark your calendars!

The 2018 AIEA ConferenceFebruary 18-21, 2018 Washington Marriott Wardman Park Washington DC, USA

Please join us for the 2018 AIEA Conference, held in Washington DC at the Washington Marriott Wardman Park.

Conference Theme: The Internationalization Imperative in Turbulent Times

Proposal Deadline: August 15, 2017

Check the AIEA Web site for more information:

www.aieaworld.org

Translation ServicesOfficial translator services are not available on property. Please see hotel concierge for recommendations.

Exhibit HallThe Exhibit Hall is a great place to discover new products and services, meet colleagues, network and refresh before your next session. Be sure to visit the Exhibit Hall often throughout the conference. Please note the exhibit hall will be closed during plenaries and luncheons.

Monday, February 20 10:00am – 6:00 pm

Tuesday, February 21 8:00am – 5:00 pm

Wednesday, February 22 9:00am – 2:30pm

Newcomer OrientationThere will be a special Newcomer Orientation on Monday from 11:00am to noon. If this is your first AIEA conference, you are warmly invited to attend this orientation to learn more about AIEA, the Conference, and meet AIEA leaders. There will also be a roundtable discussion following the orientation from 12:30 pm – 1:45pm to continue the conversation. The Newcomer Orientation will take place in Roosevelt 23, and the Newcomer Roundtable will be held in Coolidge.

Business ServicesThe hotel provides a FedEx Office business center located on the Mezzanine level behind the Thurgood Marshall Ballroom. The hours are Monday – Friday: 7:00am – 7:00 pm, and services include internet access, copying, printing, and faxing.

Conference Bookstore The Conference Bookstore, hosted by Northern Virginia Community College, is located on the Lobby Level across from the registration desk. You are invited to stop by to browse new books by international education leaders, and books written by conference speakers and presenters.

Local InformationIf you have questions about local information, restaurants, and hotel services, please consult with the hotel concierge desk.

Message BoardContact fellow conference participants through the Message Board located in the registration area.

ParkingParking: The Washington Marriott Wardman Park offers on-site self-parking ($45.00/24 hrs) or valet parking ($50.00/24 hrs). The hotel’s parking services are run by Towne Park. The hotel is also on the DC Metro’s Red Line at the Woodley Park-Zoo/Adams Morgan stop.

Postal ServicesUSPS, UPS, and FedEx are available through Hotel Shipping and Receiving in the Atrium area on the Exhibit level.

MediaPlease note that reporters may be present in sessions throughout the conference.