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260 Fifth Avenue, 9th Floor, New York, NY 10001 1000 Vermont Avenue, NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20005 182 Second Street, Suite 400, San Francisco, CA 9410
NEW YORK WASHINGTON, D.C. SAN FRANCISCO
10 Steps to Set Your Organization or Cause Apart
NOWADVERTISE THIS
How to Make News with Public Interest Advertising
NEW YORK WASHINGTON, D.C. SAN FRANCISCO
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Most nonprofits dont have tons of money to spendon advertising. Often the only reason to invest in ads
is if you can leverage them with media outreach so
you get your more bang for your buck.
In that regard, not every public interest ad is created
equal. The best ones make news and generate buzz.
Others vanish into the ether.
When the latter occurs, its often for the same reasons:Too much information as in too much text. Buried
headlines that dont grab eyeballs. Failing to strike
when the iron is hot by missing the news cycle.
But you dont need to be the CEO of a Madison
Avenue advertising firm to get your ad noticed.
In this guide, FENTON Communications and
Zimmerman & Markman lay out 10 tips for making
news for your public interest advertising, drawingfrom media campaigns weve done for a broad range
of public interest organizations.
Acknowledgements
Special thanks to all our clients whose campaigns
inspired this guide and whose work continues to
inspire us.
Name names
Create controversy
Seize the news cycle
Connect emotionally
Add a fresh twist on seasonal stories
Turn the ad buy into part of the story
Play off pop culture
Do a remake
Feed the medias love of the media
Hit the funny bone
2009 Fenton Communications. All Rights Reserved.2
INTRODUCTION
Now Advertise This: How to Make News with Public Interest Advertising
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1. Name names.
Watching NBC May Be Hazardous to Your Health.Theres a reason why you dont see commercials for
Johnny Walker on network television. For more than 50
years, all three networks have stuck by a voluntary ban
on liquor ads. In 2001 NBC became the first to break the
ban. But not for long.
FENTON joined forces with the American Medical
Association (AMA) on a campaign that successfully
pressured NBC to reverse its decision. We did this by
hitting them where it hurt: their brand. After this ad ran in
The New York Timesand scored coverage on CNN and inpapers including USA Today, New York Times, Newsday,
Chicago Tribuneand Philadelphia Inquirer, NBC caved,
announcing a full reversal of its decision to run hard
liquor ads.
A Message toParents fromtheAmerican Medical Association
NBC has let down Americas children.And their parents.
By dropping its fifty-year voluntary ban
on hard liquor advertising, the networkis guaranteeing that our children and teenswill be bombarded with such advertisingthroughout their formative years.
The serious health and safety risks of alcoholconsumption by young people includingdeath are well established.
And research clearly shows that exposureto alcohol advertising makes kids morelikelyto start using those products.
Children and teens watch, on average,more than a thousand hours of televisionper year. About a fourth of American families
even have a TVse t in a childs bedroom.No amount of responsible advertisingcan change these facts.
ABC and CBS continue to set an exampleby refraining from hard liquor advertising.We implore the management of NBC toreconsider its actions and do the same.
Please. Dont trade our kids for cash.
Visit www.LiquorFreeTV.com to learnmore and make your feelings known.
WARNING: Watching NBCMay Be Hazardous To YourChildrens Health.
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Go ahead. Send me a new generation of recruits. Your bombs will
fuel their hatred of America and their desire for revenge. Americanswont be safe anywhere. Please, attack Iraq. Distract yourself from
fighting Al Qaeda. Divide the international community. Go ahead.
Destabilize the region. Maybe Pakistan will fall we want its nuclear
weapons. Give Saddam a reason to strike first. He might draw Israel
into a fight. Perfect! So please invade Iraq. Make my day.
Osama says: I Want You to Invade Iraq.TomPaine.com features reasons
why we shouldnt.
2002 The Florence Fund, PO Box 53303, Washington, DC 20009
2. Create controversy.
Uncle Osama Wants You to Invade Iraq.Studies show that most people have a ceiling of 15
seconds for scanning a print ad. But an unforgettable
image can stop them in their tracks.
On the eve of the Iraq War, this controversial ad
appeared on The New York Timesop-ed page, produced
by FENTON for public interest journal TomPaine.com.
To dramatize the argument that war in Iraq would play
into the hands of terrorists, we substituted Osama bin
Ladens face for Uncle Sams in the iconic World War I
Army recruitment poster.
The publisher of Rolling Stoneliked it so much he
reproduced it gratisin his magazine, as did other
publications worldwide. The ad took on a life of its
own in the media, generating stories and debate
in newspapers and talk shows across the country
including NBC Nightly News, This Week with George
Stephanopoulos and The New York Times. The late Peter
Jennings held up a copy of the ad during ABCs World
News Tonight; the ad was also read aloud on the floor
of the U.S. Senate.
Bonus Tip: You can also generate media coverage from
an ad that never runs. This was the case with MoveOn.org
Voter Funds Bush in 30 Seconds TV ad contest when
CBS refused to air the winning ad, Childs Play, during
the Super Bowl broadcast. FENTON kept the censorship
controversy in the spotlight, running a protest ad in
The New York Timesand generating a deluge of media
coverage that led to stories in The New York Times,
BusinessWeek, Los Angeles Times, Boston Globe,and
Dallas Morning News, among others.
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3. Seize the news cycle.
Profiteering in the Name of Patriotism.In the fall of 2002 as the nation reeled from a recession
and the aftermath of 9/11, considerable buzz was building
around a bill in the House of Representatives aimed at
stimulating the economy.
Unfortunately, the bill did more to stimulate corporate
profits than create jobs. The legislation would hand
corporations like IBM and General Electric massive tax
refunds at a cost of $212 billion to taxpayers over three
years time. FENTON produced this ad for the Institute
for Americas Future and Citizens for Tax Justice to helpexpose this egregious case of corporate profiteering in
the pages of The New York Timesand Washington Post.
In a coup for the campaign, Bill Maher held up a copy
to underscore a point during a broadcast of Politically
Incorrect. The ad spurred more than 75,000 protest
e-mails and faxes to Congressional offices. Public outrage
helped fuel amendments that diluted the corporate
sweetheart deal and refocused the package on extending
unemployment benefits and creating job incentives.
PROFITEERINGIN THE NAME OF
PATRIOTISM
Whats General Electric doingat this time of national tragedy?
This is a moment when Americans are
coming together in a spirit of cooperation
and community unseen since World War II.
There is an air of patriotism and national
purpose.
Yet, lobbyists for our largest corporations
GE, GM, IBM and others are taking
advantage of this moment to obtain from
their friends in Congress a wish list of tax
breaks and special favors they could never
hope to win through open political debate
in peacetime.
Consider these proposals to stimulate the
economy, which have already passed the
House and are awaiting Senate action.
No Corporate Tax, Forever.
The stimulus bill repeals the Alternative
Minimum Tax, which requires that hugely
profitable corporations pay at least some
federal income tax each year, no matter how
good they are at exploiting loopholes.
Repeal means some of these corporations will
be able to pay little or no U.S. income tax,
forever!
The current version of the stimulus bill would
also refund every single penny of Alternative
Minimum Tax these companies paid over the
past fifteen years. For GE alone, this amounts
to a gift of $671 million. Hows that for
bringing good things to life?
Tax Shelters and the Three-Martini Lunch.
Theres more. The financial services divisions
of GE and GM would also benefit hugely
from a provision that permits banks and
other lenders to shelter their U.S. profits
from taxation by shifting them, on paper,
to foreign tax havens. To top it off, some in
Congress want to bring back the fully
deductible, three-martini lunch. And, for the
wealthiest in America, a massive personal tax
cut that will lead to years of budget deficits.
The Challenge to Democracy.How about the average American? Heres a
hint: the $15 billion airline bailout provided
not one penny for the 140,000 men and
women being laid off in that industry.
House Majority Leader Dick Armey even
said that helping these workers is not
commensurate with the American spirit.
Whats needed today is an economic
stimulus package that will actually stimulate
the economy. That means creating new jobs.
It means putting money into the hands of
those who will spend it, not bank it, by
providing decent unemployment benefits
and health insurance for more than 600,000
workers whove been displaced since
September 11.
Dont let the corporate profiteers cash in on
a national emergency with permanent tax
breaks at the expense of our economic future.
A message from the Institute For Americas Future and Citizens For Tax Justice
Institute For Americas Future 1025 Connecticut Ave., NW, Suite 205, Washington, DC 20036
Citizens For Tax Justice 1311 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005
These corporationswould receive
rebate checks for15 years worth offederal income tax
under the stimulusplan approved by
the House.
IBM$1.4billion rebate
Ford
$1billion rebate
GM$833 million rebate
GE
$671 million rebate
Texas Utilities$608 million rebate
DaimlerChrysler$600 million rebate
ChevronTexaco$572 million rebate
United Airlines$371 million rebate
Enron$254 million rebate
Phillips Petroleum$241 million rebate
American Airlines$184 million rebate
IMC Global$155 million rebate
Comdisco$144 million rebate
CMS Energy$136 million rebate
Kmart$102million rebate
Source: Citizens For Tax Justice,from corporate annual reports.
Make your voice heard.Visit www.ourfuture.org
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4. Connect emotionally.
By the Time You Read This, I May Already Be Dead.Sometimes justice needs a name.
FENTON produced these ads featuring real-life asbestos
victims Martin Mullis and Chris Stoeckler as part of a
series for USActions campaign against Senate legislation
that would let asbestos companies off the hook for
settlements owed to thousands of people like Martin
and Chris. We ran these ads portraits of ordinary,
hardworking Americans who got sick from asbestos in
theWashington Post, New York Times,and leading dailies
in the home states of senators fence-sitting on the issue.
The asbestoscompanybailouttakes my breath awayFor 42 years I worked with asbestos on Navy ships and infactories. Now Im dying of cancer.
The asbestos companies knew their product was deadly.Its there in black and white. Thats why the jury awardedmy family a settlement.
Now Congress may pass a law that would bail out thesecompanies by throwing my settlement out the window.Id have to stand in line and wait for compensation from agiant new federal bureaucracy, which wont have enoughto pay me in the first place.
That could take eight years or more, which is time I donthave. Ive already lost a lung. I cant even carry the groceriesanymore. I know Im going to die soon.
This isnt justice. This isnt fair. Its nothing but a bailout forthe big asbestos companies like Halliburton and Honeywell.Please, Congress, dont rob my family of financial security inorder to save billions for those giant corporations. Dont addinsult to injury.
Martin Mullis, 59, husband, father,grandfather and Navy veteran, andhis wife Lynn.
Call your Senators at (202) 224-3121.Tell them to vote no on the asbestosbailout bill, S.1125.
This ad sponsored by thousands of asbestosvictims and by USAction, the nations largestconsumer activist organization.
www.usaction.org
Photograph by Kingmond Young, 2003
Chris Stoeckler,41, his wifeWendy and daughter Taylor.
Call your Senators at(202) 224-3121. Tell them tovote no on the asbestosbailout bill, S.1125.
This ad sponsored by thousandsof asbestos victims and by
USAction, the nations largestconsumer activist organization.
www.usaction.org
I got cancerfrom a habitI started at14.My habit wasgoing to work.By the time you read this, I may already be dead.
All my life I worked as a mechanic what I didnt knowis that I was breathing asbestos fibers every day. But theasbestos companies knew their product was deadly. Thatswhy I filed suit against them, as have many others dyingfrom asbestos on the job.
Now Congress may pass a law that would bail out thesecompanies by denying me my day in court. Even existingsettlements would be wiped off the books. Id have to stand
in line and wait for compensation from a giant new federalbureaucracy, which wont have enough to pay me in thefirst place.
It could take eight years or more, which is time I dont have.The cancer is eating away at my body. I dont even have thestrength to pick up my own daughter.
This isnt justice. This isnt fair. Its nothing but a bailout forthe big asbestos companies like Halliburton and Honeywell.Please, Congress, dont rob my family of financial security inorder to save billions for those giant corporations. Dont addinsult to injury.
Photograph by Kingmond Young, 2003
Hard-hitting coverage in targeted outlets including theDetroit Free Press, Arkansas Democrat-Gazette, Rocky
Mountain News and local TV network news affiliates
contributed to the eventual death of the asbestos bailout
bill when sponsors failed to muster enough support to
force a debate in the Senate.
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5. Add a fresh twist on seasonal stories.
Think Before You Pink.News stories tied to holidays, important anniversaries
and awareness raising months are part of the daily grind
of news reporting. These types of stories can also be the
bane of reporters, so youll have an extra edge if youre
able to offer a fresh, unexpected angle or perspective.
Which is what Breast Cancer Action did with their
Think Before You Pink campaign, launched during
Breast Cancer Awareness Month. The advocacy
group cycled into this annual media-fest by posing a
controversial question: Breast Cancer Awareness Monthraises millions of dollars for research every year. But
where does that money go and does one hand know
what the other is doing?
Their campaign advocated for a stronger handle on thesprawling, multi-billion dollar industry surrounding breast
cancer fundraising and research. FENTON worked with
the group to produce a Flash animation Web ad along
with an e-mail message from writer and breast cancer
survivor Barbara Ehrenreich: Before you give another
nickel or dime to breast cancer research, think before you
pink.
The Web campaign was viewed by more than 14,000
people featuring computer-generated pink ribbons
racing for the finish line and a voice-over narration ofthe campaign. The story made headlines in Newsweek,
CBS national radio, The Philadelphia Inquirer and Miami
Herald, among others.
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6. Turn the ad buy into part of the story.
Getting The Best Mileage forWhat Would Jesus Drive?
Wherean ad runs can be as important as what it has to
say.
The Evangelical Environmental Networks What Would
Jesus Drive?campaign had a relatively small ad buy
budget.
FENTON made the most of it by advising the campaign
to run their TV spot in a handful of selective markets
in Indiana and North Carolina, home to significant
evangelical populations, and this print ad in ChristianityToday.
This strategy, matched with aggressive PR, translated
to more than $3 million worth of free media, including
1,900 articles in newspapers across the country, 500
TV and radio stories, features on ABCs World News
Tonight, Good Morning America, and a mention in
Jay Lenos opening monologue on The Tonight Show.
The media blitz helped broaden the fuel efficiency
debate from an environmental concern to one wired into
peoples fundamental values.
To some, thequestion mightseem amusing.
But we take it seriously.As our Savior and LordJesus Christ teaches us, Love your neighboras yourself. (Mk 12:30-31)
Of all the choices we make as consumers, thecars we drive have the single biggest impacton all of Gods creation.
Car pollution causes illness and death,andmost afflicts the elderly,poor, sick and young.It also contributes to global warming, puttingmillions at risk from drought, flood,hungerand homelessness.
Transportation is now a moral choice and anissue for Christian reflection. Its about morethan engineeringits about ethics. Aboutobedience. About loving our neighbor.
So what wouldJesus drive?
We call upon Americas automobile industryto manufacture more fuel-efficient vehicles.And we call upon Christians to drive them.
Because its about more than vehiclesits about values.
What WouldJesus Drive?
Rev.Clive Calver,Ph.D.President,World Relief
Rev.Richard CizikVice President for GovernmentalAffairs, National Association ofEvangelicals
Loren CunninghamFounder, Youth with a MissionPresident,University ofthe Nations
Rev.David H.Englehard,Ph.D.General Secretary,ChristianReformed Church in North America
Millard FullerFounder & President,Habitatfor Humanity International
Rev.Vernon Grounds,Ph.D.Chancellor, Denver Seminary
Rev.Steve Hayner,Ph.D.Past President,InterVarsityChristian Fellowship
Rev.Roberta Hestenes,Ph.D.International Minister, World Vision
Rev.Richard Mouw,Ph.D.President,Fuller Theological Seminary
Rev.Ron Sider,Ph.D.President,Evangelicals for Social Action
Sponsored ByTHEEVANGELICALENVIRONMENTALNETWORK10 East Lancaster Ave., Wynnewood, PA 19096 www.WhatWouldJesusDrive.org
Partial list of signatories.Affiliations listed for identification only.
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7. Play off pop culture.
Absolut Outrage.In 1999 FENTON unveiled the first in a series of arresting
ads for the Environmental Working Group that would
help establish it as one of the premiere organizations
working on environmental toxins.
This ad, published in The New York Times, played off the
iconic and popular Absolut vodka advertising campaign
with a twist. Instead of peddling vodka, we used the
ad to expose the health hazards associated with the
pesticide Atrazine and the EPAs failure to take action.
Four years later, under pressure from environmentalgroups and others, the EPA agreed to step up its
monitoring and impose stricter safeguards on Atrazine in
drinking water.
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8. Do a remake.
The Daisy Ad, Redux.Take a page from the Hollywood game book by remaking
and updating an oldie but goodie. With this
strategy, you have the advantage of the publics built-
in memory of an ad that packed a punch the first time
around.
As the clock ticked down on the Bush administrations
decision to invade Iraq, FENTON joined forces with
MoveOn.org to recreate a famous count down to slow
down the rush to war.
We did it by putting a contemporary spin on the
controversial Daisy ad, one of the most effective
political commercials in TV history. Like its predecessor,
which was produced by Lyndon B. Johnsons re-election
campaign, our version depicts a little girl plucking petalsfrom a daisy and ends with a nuclear mushroom
cloud. In between are shots of burning oil wells,
wounded soldiers, and crowds seething with anger,
concluding with a message to President Bush: Let the
inspections work.
The ad hit the airwaves in 13 cities and became the
center of national debate for weeks, landing coverage
in all the national TV networks as well as CNN, Fox,
and The News Hour with Jim Lehrer, The Wall Street
Journal, Washington Post, The New York Times, LosAngeles Times andUSA Today. The story jammed the
steady drumbeat to war and contributed to what would
become the largest international anti-war movement in
history before a single shot had been fired.
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9. Feed the medias love of the media.
Rupert Murdoch: The Scowling Faceof Media Monopoly.
When news that the Federal Communications
Commission (FCC) was planning to loosen restrictions
on media monopolies went public, advocates knew they
had to stop this scheme in its tracks.
MoveOn.org and Common Cause decided to take
advantage of the medias love for covering itself by giving
them something juicy to sink their teeth into: an ad
targeting media mogul Rupert Murdoch as the poster
child for media consolidation.
FENTON produced the ad, which ran in The New
York Times and Washington Post. In partnership with
Zimmerman & Markman, we also ran a companion TV
spot on Murdochs own Fox News depicting an Orwellian
future where Murdochs mug inescapably appears on
every TV channel. Media including NBC Nightly News,
and This Week with George Stephanopoulos ate it up.
The campaign contributed to a groundswell of protest,
generating millions of calls and petition signatures toCongress. Ultimately, House and Senate leaders voted
against the FCCs proposed rollbacks. The FCCs plan
was ultimately stayed by the U.S. Court of Appeals.
Rupert Murdoch, the Australian media
mogul, already owns the Fox TV network,
eight cable networks, and local TV stations in
34 U.S. cities. He owns American newspapers,
movie studios, publishing houses, and record
companies.
But Murdoch wants more. Much more. Andto get it, he needs to repeal the last laws that
protect the public from monopoly control of
the news media.
Unless we act now, Rupert Murdoch is going
to get his way.
Next week, the Federal Communications
Commission plans to sweep away ownership
restrictions that, for three decades, have
guaranteed at least minimal competition and
diversity of opinions on the public airwaves.
What will it mean? For Murdoch and his fellow
moguls, it means swallowing up independent
broadcasters and affiliates, and gaining further
control over news content, advertising revenue
and cable rates. The new rules will allow them
to own several competing TV stations in most
cities. And theyll be permitted to control the
largest newspapers, radio and TV outlets in a
single market.For the public, it means higher cable bills, fewer
choices, canned programming and reduced
coverage of community issues.
Rupert Murdochs News Corporation, together
with four other conglomerates (Disney, Viacom,
GE, and AOLTimeWarner), already control
75perce nt of the total U.S. television audience
and 90 percent of the TV news audience.
Thats local and national, broadcast and cable.
Isnt that enough? Isnt that too much?
You Can Help Stop Them.
Of the thousands of public comments filed
with the FCC on this issue,more than
97percentoppose increased ownership of
local TV by media conglomerates.
Public outrage is perhaps our only chance
to stop or reverse these changes. Let the
Commissioners and Congress know what
you think. Visitwww.MoveOn.org to send
an instant, personalized comment.
This Man Wants to Control
the News in America.
YES! I Want to Help ProtectMedia Diversity in My Community.
Your contribution will be used to fund additional efforts to get
the word out through more advertising and other means.
NAME
ADDRESS
CITY STATE ZIP
EMAILADDRESS
BecauseCommonCause lobbies,yourcontributionis notdeductible
forincome taxpurposes.
Makecheckspayable toCommonCause. Mailto: CommonCause
FCCCampaign,1250ConnecticutAve.NW, Washington,DC20036.
www.commoncause.org
The FCC Wants to Help Him.
www.commoncause.orgwww.moveon.org www.mediareform.net
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10. Hit the funny bone.
Saving Southern Californias Wetlands.Nonprofit organizations do serious work. But sometimes
a little pointed humor can help you break through the
clutter.
Ormond Beach is one of the most important swaths of
wetlands left in Southern California. But its future was
threatened when a subsidiary of Occidental Petroleum
Corporation made a bid to buy the beach to build a
liquefied natural gas terminal plant. Never mind that a
government report found that a natural gas accident at
the plant could kill 70,000 people in the surrounding area.
The California Coastal Conservancy had an opening to
buy the beach itself and beat the oil giant to the punch.
To make sure the Conservancy got the message,
FENTON produced a radio ad that ran on local radio
stations. Heres an excerpt:
[Gulls, ocean waves in the background]
Ormond Beach in Oxnard. Its one of the last great
coastal wetlands left in Southern California. Come here
and theres a chance youll see an endangered plant
or animal. Someday you may even see a boiling liquid
expanding vapor explosion. What the devil is that, you
ask? Well, its the horrific fireball youd see if things went
terribly wrong at the natural gas receiving terminal.
The ad, along with a rally and press conference,
generated extensive press coverage, including theLos Angeles Times, Ventura County Star, Associated
Press, and KEYT-TV, Ventura Countys most watched TV
news station. A few days later, the Conservancy board
members voted to purchase and protect the wetlands.
Actor Beau Bridges speaks with TV reporters at a press conference
to save Ormond Beach.
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Conclusion
Why Advertise inThe New York Times?
Youve probably noticed that public interest organizations
place a lot of issue ads in The New York Times. There are
several reasons for this. The Timesis arguably the most
important and most read national newspaper of record in
the country. This is especially true for journalists, many of
whom read the Timesin the morning before they head
to work. Editors use it to map out the 24-hour news
cycle. TV bookers refer to it to determine which guests to
book during the week.
For many advocacy groups, the Timesis also the moststrategic way to reach opinion leaders and policy-makers
as well as their base, people who are politically
engaged and most likely to take action to support their
campaign.
So How Much Do Ads Cost, Anyway?
Advertising is often less expensive than you think. Most
newspapers extend discounts for nonprofit organizations.
Here are some other deals you may not be aware of:
It can cost as little as $57,000 to run an ad on a
two-week stand by basis in The New York Times,
or $68,000 for a one-week stand-by. This gives you
less control over when your ad will run, but the price
may be worth it, depending on your campaign. If real
estate is more important to you than size, consider
spending about $50,000 for a quarter-page ad on
the national op-ed page, right below a column by
Maureen Dowd or David Brooks. A standard full-page
ad in the Times will cost you about $110,000.
If your target is Washington policy-makers, you mayconsider taking out an ad in the most widely read Hill
publicationslikeThe National Journal, The Hill, and
Roll Call. The cost of a full-page ad can range from
$9,000 to $11,000, compared to $116,000 for a full-
page ad in The Washington Postor $90,000 for USA
Today.
Full-page ads in local dailies can run the gamut, from
roughly $67,000 for both The San Francisco Chronicle
and Atlanta Constitution-Journal. The Chicago Tribune
will charge you about $163,000; by comparison, The
Chicago Sun Timesis a steal at about $14,000.
When money is tight, you may be tempted to skimp on
the development of the ad in order to stockpile funds for
the ad buy. Resist this temptation. As Andy Goodman
describes in his terrific guide, Why Bad Ads Happen to
Good Causes, (agoodmanonline.com) an effective ad
is equal parts science and creativity. Make sure your adstands out by capturing and holding the attention of
your target audiences so they acquire a life of their own
in the news cycle.
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About FENTON Communications
For more than 25 years, FENTON Communicationshas partnered with nonprofit clients to make
social change. We work to protect the environment,
improve public health and advance human rights
and social justice. This guide is one in a series
that weve produced to help build the strategic
communications capacity of the nonprofit sector.
To download a free copy of this and other FENTON
guides, visit www.fenton.com.
Contact Us
Questions? Comments? We welcome your
thoughts and ideas.
New York
Lisa Witter, Chief Operating Officer
(212) 584-5000
Washington, D.C.
Ira Arlook, Managing Director
(202) 822-5200
San Francisco
Parker Blackman, Managing Director
(415) 901-0111