final bes review oct-dec - Welcome - BES India · M.S. Duhan Published by : Y. K. Singh, Hon....

BES ReviewVol. XXII, No. IV

October'16 - December’16

Editorial Board

ChairmanAshish Bhatnagar

Member

A. Shanmugam-AdvisorM.S. Duhan

Published by :Y. K. Singh, Hon. Secretary,

on behalf of Broadcast Engineering Society (India)

912, Surya Kiran Building,19, K.G. Marg, New Delhi-110001

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Views expressed by authors are theirown and may not be that of BES(I)

Meenakshi SinghviO.P. RajpurohitPradeep Mehra

Sunil BhatiaRajeev Kumar

ContentsEditorial 2

From the President 3

BES Council 2016-2018 4

High Dynamic Range: Standards, Opportunities and Challenges 6- Dr. AMAL Punchihewa

Size of DTT Multiplex: Economics, Ecology and Environs 10- M. S. Duhan

New Generation Sound Systems for Home Theatres and Cinema 16- A. Shanmugam

Review of National Frequency Allocation Plan (NFAP)-2011 : 21A Big Challenge for Spectrum Managers- Sunil Bhatia

Ushering of 400 kHz Fm Channel Spacing in India 23The Impasse and The Way Out- B.P. Srivastava

Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcast 28- Sanjeev Sugathan

Report : NAB Show New York 2016 34- Devesh Kumar

News From Broadcasting World 36- Meenakshi Singhvi

Crash Expansion of Television in India 42- H. S. Jolly

Report : Ahmedabad Chapter 44- Lecture on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)

Report : Thanjavur Chapter 45- Celebration of National Public Service Broadcasting Day

Report : Pune Chapter 46- Celebration of National Public Service Broadcasting Day

Corporate Members 48

Conference Schedule : BES Expo 2017 50

Exhibiting Companies in BES Expo 2017 51

Obituary 52

Editorial

2

Dear Friends,

February brings to us the Maha-Kumb of Broadcasting Engineers in India, rdthe BES Expo. The 23 International conference and exhibition on hybrid

broadcast technologies will give an opportunity to theInternational broadcast manufacturer and their channel partners to showcase their products in Delhi. The BES conference which is considered as one of the largest and best knowledge sharing platform will give an opportunity to Indian broadcast Engineers to listen to world class broadcast technology leaders and interact with them. This issue of Review carries details of BES Expo 2017 and we shall try to publish selected technology papers in next BES Review.

The Indian Public Service Broadcaster, Doordarshan has already set its focus area on digitalisation. This issue of BES Review presents two articles on DTT, its economics, ecology and possible strategies to make it popular. This issue also contains a very interesting paper on High Dynamic Range written by Dr.Amal, Technical Director,ABU. An article on new generation sound system for home theatre and cinema and two articles on frequency planning make this issue of BES Review broadband and complete. Apart from the regular column on New broadcast technologies and chapter reports from Ahmedabad, Pune and Thanjavur, this issue of BES Review contains a very informative report on NAB show, the world's biggest broadcast event.

In past quarter, we lost some of our very dear and respected members. In the end, we carry obituary with prayers to the Almighty for the peace of the departed souls. As a remembrance and respect of our Founder President Padamshree(Late) Shri H.S. Jolly, we are reprinting the articlefrom this veteran Broadcaster which was originally published in BES Review 16 years ago.

Best wishes from Editorial Team

Ashish Bhatnagar [email protected]


From the President

3

Dear Hon’ble Members,

Season’s greetings to all of you and wishing a very happy, peaceful, rewarding and prosperous New Year. For BES, the New Year is always very active and hectic. By the time, this issue reaches your hands, the 23rd International Expo of BES on Digital and Terrestrial Broadcasting will be on the anvil. This year’s conference theme has been kept as “Hybrid Technology in Broadcasting – Opportunities”. This theme has been specially chosen keeping in view of the evolving scenario in the broadcasting field due to the emergence of various technologies and platforms for content delivery. The conventional broadcasting through terrestrial and satellite mode is being challenged by non-conventional methods of content delivery based on internet technologies. It is necessary for every broadcast professionals to continuously update various technologies emerging in this area to make broadcasting, reachable and also commercially viable. I am hopeful that various emerging technologies will be discussed thread bare during this three days conference to enable everyone to understand the technologies and also to take conscious decision for implementation.

The current issue of BES Review is filled with number of interesting articles brought out by the editor and his tireless team. This would enable the readers to enrich their experience in the related fields.

Members, it is necessary to expand and broaden the membership spectrum of BES. I invite all the members to search for broadcasting professionals having the requisite experience in all broadcast platforms to be brought in as members in this prestigious society.

We have lost a few stalwarts and fatherly figures of BES in the recent past. Padamshree, Shri H.S. Jolly and Shri A.B. Mathur, have made immense contributions for the development of the society from the inception. While remembering them I, on behalf of the BES fraternity pay homage to the departed souls.

I am sure most of you would be attending the BES Expo this time. Kindly put efforts to bring in more professionals for the conference and exhibition to make it a success.

Once again wishing you a very Happy New Year.

I.I. George [email protected]


BES (I) Council 2016-2018Name Designation Mobile / E-mail

I. I. George Addl. Director General (E) 9868233470 [email protected] All India Radio & Doordarshan

O. K. Sharma Addl. Director General (E) 8750451819 [email protected] Past President All India Radio & Doordarshan

A. K. Dixit Former Engineer-in-Chief 9650326868 [email protected] President Doordarshan

Y. K. Singh Dy. Director General (E) 9868208924 [email protected]. Secretary Doordarshan

O. P. Rajpurohit Asstt. Engineer 9414251557 [email protected]. Treasurer Doordarshan

Dinesh Pratap Singh Director (Engg.) 9868103141 [email protected] President Doordarshan

A.V. Swaminathan Former Chief Engineer 9811470018 [email protected] President All India Radio & Doordarshan

Meenakshi Singhvi Deputy Director (E) 9426302816 [email protected] Member All India Radio

N. Thiyagarajan Addl. Director General (E) 9445562769 [email protected] Member All India Radio & Doordarshan

V. Appakutty Former Chief Engineer 9444015580 [email protected] Member All India Radio & Doordarshan

P. K. Singh Director (Engg.) 9968993838 [email protected] Member All India Radio

R.C. Bhatnagar Former Addl. Director General (E) 9968296792 [email protected] Member Doordarshan

Mukesh Kumar Garhwal Dy. Director General 9868533561 [email protected] Member Doordarshan

Surender Singh Director (Engg.) 9968303434 [email protected] Member All India Radio & Doordarshan

P. S. Shrivastava Director (Engg.) 9968076979 [email protected] Member Doordarshan

Shashi Kant Dy. Director General (E) 9868860118 [email protected] Member All India Radio & Doordarshan

K. Subramonian Iyer Dy. Director (E) 9446530399 [email protected] Member Doordarshan

Rajendra Prasad Joshi Dy. Director General (E) 9818868808 [email protected] Member All India Radio

Prof. Sandeep Sancheti President, Manipal University, 8003599901 [email protected] Member Jaipur

Co-opted Member Sh. Venu Nath Nadella Technology Head, Digital Radio (Delhi) 9818999539 [email protected]

Broadcasting Limited

4October'16 - December’16

Local Chapters

BES Committees

Chapter Chairperson Hon. Secretary Hon. Treasurer Mob. No. Email

1) Ahmedabad S.K. Sinha A.K. Gupta M.H. Chaudhary [email protected]

2) Bangalore Anil Mangalgi A. Hanumant Sanjeev K.P. [email protected]

3) Bhubaneshwar L.K. Pradhan N. Jethi B. Ghosh [email protected]

4) Chennai S. Ramachandran K.V. Ramachandran P. Bhoopathy [email protected]

5) Jaipur H.P. Meena O.P. Rajpurohit M.C. Bansal [email protected]

6) Kolkatta Ved Prakash Ved Prakash Saumitra Kumar Deb -

7) Hyderabad M.B.S. Purushottam Nuli Namassivaya R. Janardhan Rao [email protected]

8) Mumbai S.C. Khasgiwal P.K. Sharma P.S. Khurana [email protected]

9) Thanjavur A. Chitra J. Srinivasan R. Natarajan [email protected]

10) Thiruvananthapuram - - - -

11) Pune Ashish Bhatnagar R.K. Ranjekar Ashok Bhapker [email protected]

12) Guwahti M.S. Ansari R.C. Boro - -

S. No. Name of Committee Chairman Email

1 BES EXPO Event (Conference) Shashi Kant [email protected]

2 BES EXPO Event (Exhibition) D.P. Singh [email protected]

3 BES Review Ashish Bhatnagar [email protected]

4 Website Management R.P. Joshi [email protected]

5 BES Awards S. Ramachandran [email protected]

6 Constitution Committee V. Appakutty [email protected]

7 New Member Induction Mukesh Kumar Garhwal [email protected]

8 Seminar and Lectures Surender Singh [email protected]

9 Innovative Ideas N. Thiyagarajan [email protected]

10 Local Chapters S.C. Khasgiwal [email protected]

12 Media and publicity Meenakshi Singhvi [email protected]



Abstract (because it is difficult to make a black ink that reflects less than 1% of incident light). Dynamic range is often

This paper presents progress that high dynamic range measured in f-stops, which is the logarithm (base 2) of studies for broadcasting are making; standards in place, the ratio. Thus, printed images have less than 7 f-stops of challenges and opportunities that HDR will present to dynamic range. SDR consumer TV (8 bit video; e.g., the media market and industry. This providesthe current DVD, SD, and HD DVB) only supports about 6 f-stops status of HDR, its standardisations and we canbe of dynamic range. Professional SDR video (10 bits) expected by the end of year 2016.Paper presents some supports about 10 f-stops. However, the human eye can updates based on what islearnt via media. In its see up to about 14 f-stops of dynamic rangein a single Technical committee meetings the ABU has discussed image. Generally, higher dynamic range results in an HDR and itwas discussed again in October in Bali.By experience closer to reality and hence, of greater impact the time you read this article, there could be further new or immersion. Furthermore, higher dynamic range also developments and standards that may have been increases the subjective sharpness of images,which released by standard making bodies such as ITU [1], provides an additional benefit.SMPTE [2]and DVB. One of the key issues is how to commence HDR based services, while most of the High Dynamic Range Television (HDR-TV) intends to standards address HDR combined with UHD. HDR provide viewers with an enhanced visual experience, by affects the complete value chain of media. Backward providing images that have been produced to look compatibility issues are yet to be resolved. With ITU correct on brighter displays, that provide much brighter adopting two techniques, primarily for programme highlights, and that provide improved detail in dark production. The Log-Gamma method has been areas. Therefore the full chain needs to be looked at.developed to be backward compatible from receiver

2. Standardisationpoint of view.

On 5th July 2016, the ITU announced a new standard for 1. What is HDR?High Dynamic Range TV, namely the ITU HDR-TV

Dynamic range is the ratio between the whitest whites Recommendation BT.2100 standard [3]. The ITU and the blackest blacks in an image. For example, Secretary-General has described HDR TV as potentially printed images have a dynamic range of less than 100: 1 bringing "a whole new viewing experience to audiences

around the world," even as the standard is being built around BT.2020.

“High Dynamic Range Television represents an important step towards the virtual-reality quality of experience to be delivered by future broadcasting and multimedia systems,” said François Rancy, Director of the ITU Radiocommunicat ion Bureau. He congratulated Yukihiro Nishida, Chairman of ITU-R Study Group 6, for this major achievement [3].The ABU is humbly proud of him and of NHK.

High Dynamic Range: Standards,Opportunities and Challenges

Dr. Amal Punchihewa

Figure 1: Cumulative distribution functions for a. black stimuli, b. reflective white stimuli and c. emissive and highlights.

For comparison, the dynamic ranges of common displays are given]


The ITU-R UHDTV Recommendation BT.2020, brings an incredible feeling of realism, building further approved in October 2015, represented the continuous on the superior colour fidelity of ITU's Ultra-High evolution of television since it was invented in the Definition Television (UHDTV) Recommendation 1930s, transforming the dim black and white screen into BT.2020. ITU's Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) an ultra-high definition colour picture on large flat panel has developed the standard – or Recommendation – in displays. collaboration with experts from the television industry,

broadcasting organizations and regulatory institutions This latest ITU-R HDR-TV Recommendation BT.2100 in its Study Group 6.brings a further boost to television images, giving viewers an enhanced visual experience with added The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and realism. The HDR-TV Recommendation allows TV Society of Motion Picture & Television Engineers programmes to take full advantage of the new and much (SMPTE) are major standardisation bodies in relation to brighter display technologies. HDR-TV can make HDR. In 2015, ITU standardised parameters for outdoor sunlit scenes appear brighter and more natural, production in its Recommendation BT2020. In June adding highlights and sparkle. It enhances dimly lit 2016, ITU standardised parameters for production and interior and night scenes, revealing more detail in darker exchange of UHD content. SMPTE also standardised areas, giving TV producers the ability to reveal texture HDR production interface standards in SMPTE 2082, and subtle colours that are usually lost with existing which defines the electrical and physical characteristics Standard Dynamic Range TV. of a 12G-SDI coaxial cable interface suitable for

applications where the signal loss does not exceed an The HDR-TV Recommendation details two options for amount specified by the receiver manufacturer.producing High Dynamic Range TV images. The Perceptual Quantization (PQ) specification achieves a TheITU HDR-TV Recommendation BT.2100 very wide range of brightness levels using a transfer standardfunction that is finely tuned to match the human visual

The ITU-R Recommendation BT.2100 also allows TV system and the Hybrid Log-Gamma (HLG) producers to choose from three levels of detail or specification which offers a degree of compatibility resolution: HDTV (1920 by 1080), and UHDTV '4K' with legacy displays by more closely matching the (3840 by 2160) and '8K' (7680 by 4320) – all of which previously established television transfer curves. The use the progressive imaging system with extended Recommendation also outlines a simple conversion colour gamut and range of frame-rates in ITU's UHDTV process between the two HDR-TV options [3].Recommendation BT.2020.

High Dynamic Range Television (HDR-TV) represents “This Recommendation is the culmination of three a major advancement in television broadcasting and years of intensive work by dedicated image experts from around the world. HDR images are stunning and this is another major step forward in television quality,” said Andy Quested, who was, until mid-2016, theChairman of ITU-R Working Party 6C (WP 6C), which developed the new standard [3]. “Programme makers today need a much wider range of options in order to meet the expectations of the different platforms they must supply, and this need for flexibility is catered for within the framework of a stable ITU-R Recommendation.”

With the inclusion of 1920x1080 pixel array as part of the HDR image format family there are interface definition issues that arise that prevent, complicate or

Figure 2: Comparison of SDR and HLG HDR OETFs


make difficult, simple extensions to current interface Recommendation ITU-R BT 2077 simply refers to standards. This issue has been known for some time. UHDTV. However, HDR will not be restricted to UHD While this is a WP-6B issue there are aspects of payload in future. This could be a possible task and a matter for ID's that need to be considered in WP-6C. other related working parties such as WP-6B. The task

of extending Recommendation BT 2077 to include Implementation Challenges HDR parameters may require substantial work.

Digital television image formats for HDTV and Generally in terrestrial networks, HD signals use 8 bits. UHDTV have been specified by the ITU R in Wherever this occurs in the delivery chain a limitation is Recommendations ITU-R BT.709 [4] and ITU-R presented. Most set-top-boxes, receivers and receive BT.2020 [5]. Recommendation ITU-R BT.2100-0 is a equipment can handle 8 bits, especially the decoder is 8 recommendation for production and international bit. programme exchange with HDR. Once made, we need to deliver and viewers need to display them. Therefore The DVB organisation is in the process of selecting there are two more aspects to be addressed; viz. delivery HDR standard/s for its delivery technology, out of five and consumption devices. candidate HDR technologies. Their strategy for HDR

will be announced towards the end of the year 2016, Rec 2100 expects the HDR-TV image formats should which include the HDR standard/s they will incorporate have, where appropriate, a degree of compatibility (this in the DVB distribution and delivery chains. implies less than 100%) with existing workflows and infrastructure. Receivers

Capture There are television receivers capable of displaying a HDR signal. In the US,cable operators are already

Camera manufacturers such as Hitachi Kokusai [6] offering UHD-1 content with HDR. According to andIkegami [7]have taken leadership inHigh Dynamic Consumer Technology Association, 4KTV shipments Range (HDR) by adding this innovative, cutting-edge could possibly double the numbers compared to last imaging capability to their high-quality Ultra High year.Definition (UHD) 4K. Some manufacturers have even introducedHDTV broadcast cameras with HDR According to Consumer Technology Association , capability. One of them recently offered a special, 4KTV shipments could possibly double the numbers l i m i t e d - t i m e p r o m o t i o n , w i t h a n y n e w compared to last year.camerapurchased before September 30, 2016including

The implementation challenges are the HDR feature at no additional cost [6].

1. Production (formats, environments (monitoring, Deliveryquality control, renderer), Workflows and tools,

The fact is that the ITU-R has no interface definitions to Interfaces to existing systems)carry HDR signals yet. The likely candidates to carry an

2. Delivery (Codecs and delivery mechanisms, HDR signal could be in Recommendation ITU-R BT Interfaces) and 2077- Real-time serial digital interfacesfor UHDTV

signals and/or yet another revision to BT 1120. 3. Consumption (Platform (reproduction, user According to the Recommendation ITU-R BT 2077, the interaction, environment) & Devices)source ultra-high definition television (UHDTV) image

Conclusionssample structures for the interface are defined in Recommendation ITU-R BT.2020 and are listed in it.

HDR has to work with not only with UHD-1 and UHD-2 UHDTV has an image format (sample structure) of 3

but also HD media chain. I do agree with Zhao Houlin's 840 × 2 160 (UHDTV1) or 7 680 × 4 320 (UHDTV2).

statement. HDR will also play key role in success However, there is no explicit mention of the 1920x1080

deployment of UHD. The long term success of UHD-1 image sample s t ruc ture . Text th roughout


requires WCG and HFR but HDR is essential. All three [5] ITU-R BT.2020 - https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-elements, HDR and other two elements HFR and WCG BT.2020-2-201510-I/enare key components for the long-term success of UHD1.

[6] ITU-R BT.2100 - http://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-References BT.2100-0-201607-I/en

[1] http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-R/Pages/default.aspx [7] Hitachi http://www.hitachi-kokusai.co.jp/global/index.html.

[2] https://www.smpte.org/[8] Ikegami -

[3]http://www.itu.int/net/pressoffice/press_releases/20 http://www.ikegami.com/Ikegami_NAB2016_previe16/27.aspx#.V52J47h97cc w_.html

[4] ITU-R BT.709 - https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BT.709-6-201506-I/en

About The Author

Dr. Amal Punchihewa is the Director of ABU Technology & Innovation and Vice-Chair of the WBU-TC (World Broadcasting Union-Technical Committee). Amal graduated with BSc (Eng) Hons specialised in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering from Sri Lanka, MEng from Technical University of Eindhoven, the Netherlands & PhD from Massey University in New Zealand. He has published over 100 scholarly articles (peer-refereed technical journal and conference articles) in various journals including IEEE and IET digital libraries and transactions. He has held visiting positions at Tokyo University of Science (Japan) as a visiting associate professor and visiting professor. He was a Royal Dutch fellow of Netherlands and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS of Japan). He has served on technical/programme committees,

organizing committees and as track/session chairs for many international conferences. He advises on many International conferences including CCBN conference in China, BES in India and BCA in Singapore. Amal is a Senior Member of IEEE, Chartered Professional Engineer-CEng, Fellow of IET (UK) & Fellow of IPENZ (New Zealand).

Amal is currently Director Technology & Innovation at ABU. In that position, Amal drives innovation of media technology in the complete chain of media, starting from acquisition to consumption in the broadcasting industry. He influences the development of media technology in the best interest of ABU members. He leads a team of specialists, he facilitates technical guidelines and standards, and provides expertise related to the convergence of media, and evolving technical needs. He creates, encourages, and manages member communities, and understands and explains the trends that shape the media, to empower Members to continue to take good strategic decisions.

He ensures that the Department continues to be a vital and respected partner for its members and for the media industry. As a member of the ABU Headquarters Management Team, he also plays a major part in shaping ABU strategy.

Amal is active in many of the WBU-TC and ITU broadcast related technical activities. He is a vice chairman of the WBU-TC. He is an advisor to IET Vision and Imaging Professional Network having served as an executive of IET Vision and Imaging Professional Network.

He possess more than 30 years of experience in all three sectors of broadcasting; viz. Academia, Research and Industry in senior broadcasting technology and ICT roles, including research and developments, regional capacity building in media and head of engineering of national TV-Sri Lanka, having started career in computer engineering.


M. S. Duhan

Each and every TV viewer is different, behaves other delivery platforms. The evolution of TV and radio differently and having his own preferences. The in terrestrial mode is unstoppable, as their technological programme choice of viewers also depends upon advancements have given new options for delivery of content and not upon the scheduling. Majority of video, audio and data services and even to think of viewers watch same genre type regardless of the disbanding terrestrial transmission in broadcasting in station/Channel they are aired. A cricket fan will watch the presence of other alternative platforms is slightly cricket match and a music lover will watch the music preposterous. It stimulates competition amongst the channel, irrespective of station airing the same. delivery platforms but can also be complementary to Digitalization is expected to increase focus on quality of other platforms. It is therefore in the interests of both the content and provide greater choice for viewers. Indian broadcasting industry and society as a whole that the broadcasting sector is witnessing a growth in quality terrestrial broadcasting platform remains a viable, content creators who sell television content to channels. attractive and competitive alternative to other delivery The satellite and cable TV channels have grown at fast platforms for viewers and listeners. Digitization of the pace but terrestrial TV is also innovating to provide an terrestrial networks is driving analogue switch-off at a alternative platform. Diversity of content requirement reasonable cost for consumers and broadcasters.warrants for more and more channels having large

Also the new technology generally needs to be landscape of cultural and linguistic sphere in India.introduced in parallel with existing technology to give

The terrestrial broadcasting rostrum comprises a consumers the chance of investing in new equipment distinctive combination of characteristics such as according to their wishes, while the existing services are technical excellence and efficiency, robust all weather maintained during a transition period with simulcast coverage and support of services, flexibility and all it transmissions. DTT technology and services can also be make it a widely acceptable mode in most of the expected to develop in the future, thus creating recurrent countries. The terrestrial broadcasting platform needs for upgrades and simulating of existing services. generates significant social and economic benefits. The This requires corresponding spectrum resources. India terrestrial platform is important for the broadcasting has already begun digitalization of its terrestrial TV industry even in those markets that are dominated by Network. As on date there are two multiplex (MUX) at 4

Metro cities at Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Mumbai and one MUX at other 15 cities. The moot question is, what should be the size of DTT MUX for India?

Factors to decide MUX Size:

“Mux size” means the number of DTT Transmitters in a city

The following factors are important while deciding the size of MUX for any country:-a. Compression Techniques(MPEG-4/HEVC/AAC

HE v2/Dolby AC-3)b. Type of Services(Fixed/Mobile/Portable:

National/Regional/Local)

for transmission of desired number of TV and Radio programme channels for the area/country.

Size of DTT Multiplex: Economics,Ecology and Environs

DTT: The Powerful Platform.•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Better signal Quality and more robustness.

Efficient use of bandwidth.

Resilient to interferences.

Higher data security/ encryption etc.

More TV and Radio channels per Mux

Efficient RF Amplification- low power consumption.

Easy in use and more information like EPG, Data Services, Sub-titling etc.

Interactive /Hybrid TV Services.


using DVB-T technology and MPEG-2 coding. More efficient transmission and coding standards have since been developed and provide scope for increasing efficiency and capacity in the DTT networks. The number of programmes to be distributed by digital terrestrial television has to be decided. This number may vary from region to region resulting in different target coverage areas. Considering the network topology and service requirement for fixed/portable devices the limitation of using spectrum in UHF Band IV and V, may be 6 to 8.

Some of the vital parameters to decide the Mux size are elaborated as below:-

i. Quantity and Quality of content with local programme is key requirement of TV viewers. The SD/HD/UHD-4k programme channels in fixed/Mobile mode having all possible genre, e.g., entertainment, news, sports, music etc. DTT will certainly require all these options so as to make it attractive and competitive. The genre criteria need to be given priority over commercial considerations. There may also be demand for local, regional and community services. Trends of viewing HD and c. Variety of contents(SDTV/HDTV/UHDTV/ Radio UHD-4k are on rise. It is expected that there will be a /Text)demand for many, if not all services, to migrate to d. Plurality of contents(News/GEC/Sports: Linear or HD and UHD-4k in the long-term, which requires Interactive/Hybrid TV))substantial transmission bitrates. It is likely that

e. Network Topology(MFN/SFN)there will be a transitional period where most

f. DTT Standard(DTMB/ATSC/ISDB-T/DVB- HD/UHD services require to be also broadcast in a T/T2/T2-Lite) SD version to ensure they can be received by all

g. System variant(Code Rate/Constellation/Guard viewers. Interval etc)

ii. The narrowcasting services outlines a range of ways h. Availability of Spectrum/Simulcast period/ No. of in which a service may be considered to have limited

Operators. reception, such as being intended only for limited i. Contents on other platform: Same/Unique and locations, targeted to special interest groups or

FTA/Pay TV providing programmes of limited appeal. Datacasting and narrowcasting services allow the

In view of above factors different strategies are adopted development of new and innovative services for

by various countries. Terrestrial dominant Countries consumers, while remaining distinct from

like U.K, Italy, France, Spain, Japan, South Korea have traditional broadcasting services. As these services decided for Free to Air and many new services offered. are intended to appeal to special interest groups, or Long simulcast period was taken. Cable countries like provide programmes of limited appeal, so such Germany, New zeland, Belgium etc. emphasised on contented is suited for local transmission for city portable/mobile reception and limited new services with specific needs. It can be met in VHF Band using 1.7 short simulcast period. In Europe, Australia, South MHz raster. The other mux in 1.7 MHz raster may be Africa, Thailand etc., DTT was originally introduced for Radio channels to provide alternative to FM


band having limited spectrum. Local broadcast is video signal SD = 270 Mbit/s (CCIR 601), the USP of DTT . compression to MPEG2 / 4 Video Elementary

stream 2-15 Mbit/s. The uncompressed HD video iii. Hybrid broadcast broadband TV(HbbTV) provides

signal HD-SDI data is 1.485 Gbit/s. Video another means by which viewers can access

compression formats developed so far includes television services in a combination of non-

MPEG 1(Year 1991), MPEG 2(Year 1994), MPEG traditional and traditional viewing. HbbTV is an

4 (H.264)(Year 2001) and H265(Year 2013). For open content delivery standard that integrates free-

mobile TV a “low resolution” and “low bit rate” to-air television broadcasting services with content

data is required to suite the requirement of receiving delivered over broadband internet. It delivers a

devices and broadcast of more TV /Radio channels mixture of digital free-to-air broadcasting and

thereof. However with advancement in technology, internet-provided television received through a

the newer generation of smartphones and tablets are digital television, or set-top box, broadband

capable to decode and display HDTV and UHD-4k connection and connected devices, such as a Smart

contents. But in such case the data rate of contents television. HbbTV can provide access to television

will be higher.programs and can also provide an overlay of internet-delivered content over a traditional free-to- vii. Audio : Present generation of people are fortunate to air broadcast, allowing interactive functions such as witness the progress of audio technology and voting and social networking. T-commerce, internet devices from the days of 78 rpm mono record to the services are other features in DTT. multi- channels surroundings. The latest trend of

sound recording embodies all the information in the iv. Allowing commercial broadcasters to provide

sound field, resolved into left/right, front/back, subscription services, particularly television and

up/down information and an omni-mono sum narrowcasting services, alongside their commercial

signal. Audio compression formats: The data rate of television services is another option for providing

uncompressed audio signal form studio AES/EBU greater flexibility in the use of their multiplex. This

is 2 Mbit/s or Audio-CD ~ 1.5 Mbit/s. The various would allow commercial broadcasters to diversify

audio codecs are : MPEG 1 Layer 1,2,3 (1989-their business model through a combination of free-

1992),Advanced Audio Codec(AAC) (1997), HE-to-air and subscription services .

AAC, Extended HE-AAC (2013), Dolby Digital Audio AC-3 (1990), Dolby Digital Plus (E-AC-3). Although the video signal takes the majority of the available bit rate, there is some other data that also needs to be transmitted: Audio: 0.2 to 0.5 Mbit/s – depending on number of audio channels (stereo/surround sound/multilingual); Service Information and EPG: (SI) 0.1 to 0.3 Mbit/s; Interactivity/Teletext: 0.1 to 1.0 Mbit/s; Access services (subtitles/audio description/spoken subtitles): 0.2 Mbit/s.

Thus every market is unique, the variables are many and as such the size of MUX is decided considering their requirements.

vi. The Video Compression techniques have leverage Economics: The Network Cost

on contents having various differentiators like SD, HD, UHD-4k/8k programmes, where source and To establish a “High Power DTT”, Network the various channel coding is of paramount importance . elements are Land, building, Tower, Transmitter, Cable MPEG-4 has been increasingly used along with 2nd and Antenna etc. It is costly to set up a single Mux but to generation of DTT. The data rate of uncompressed add additional mux , the cost is not significant. A “low

v. Spectral usage: For setting up a MFN Network, ideally 3 RF Frequencies are required for one MUX, but in reality depending upon topography, geographysical conditions, location of targeted population etc. there are restrictions of installation sites at ideal locations. So, practically 4 RF Frequencies are required. Another aspect is the absence of green field(areas where there are no other RF Spectrum users in the desired Band) for DTT planning i.e, digitalisation in presence of existing analog service . Extra protection is required in case of presence of analog TV Transmitters in the RF Band.


So a country like India may go for 4 Mux in major cities in UHF Band with two SDTV Mux, one HDTV Mux and one Mobile Mux. In VHF there should be two Mux, one for city municipality and other for Radio channels.With available resources like land, building, towers and staff, it is wise and viable to provide DTT Mux's at DD Sites.

International experiences:

The most of the countries have opted for 4-6 DTT Multiplexes. India may learn from International Experiences. Some services may be pan-national, while others may have regional variations, or be entirely regionally-based. Spectrum requirements for these may be different, due to the different structures of SFNs required to carry them. BBC has 8 Mux including 2 Mux for HDTV to relay SDTV, HDTV, Radio and Text services using about 1556 Transmitters. Thailand has power DTT” may be economically installed in a rented also 6 Mux. Digital terrestrial television in Australia premises with 45 m guyed mast.commenced on 1 January 2001 using DVB-T standards.

The cost of an initial Mux consists of land, building and The phase out of analog transmissions began in 2010 Tower, besides Transmitter, antenna and RF cable etc. and was completed by 10 December 2013. South and is tabulated. Additional High Power Mux will cost African government announced On February 2007 for about Rs. 4 Cr. So cost of 4 high power Mux Network at broadcasting in digital by 1 November 2008, followed each site may be about Rs. 25 Cr. The “low power DTT” by a three-year dual-illumination period which ended on Mux can be installed at a cost of about Rs. 1.5 Cr in a 1 November 2011. The government in January 2011 rented premises and a guyed mast. The additional mux announced a change in its choice of technology from will cost about Rs. 80-90 lacs. The operating cost of all DVB-T to DVB-T2 with the analog switch off date MUX's in a city may be about Rs. 1 Cr per year. postponed to December 2013. The rollout of digital

television has been further delayed until 2017. In South Korea digital services have been available across the entire country since 2005. South Korea also developed its own mobile TV standard called DMB, Digital Multimedia Broadcasting, based on the European technology Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB).

Malaysia has deployed 3+1 Mux across the country. All broadcasters have to pay for airing of their content. In the Netherland DTT platform launched in 2003 offering limited free-to-air services from the PSB and extensive pay services from Digitenne. ASO completed on a single day on 10 December 2006. Since then, DTT has been expanded and there are 6 Mux and penetration has increased from 3-5% to 12% of the population. Sweden launched DTT services in 1999, offering a largely pay DTT platform operated by Boxer. Attractive programme offer combined with competitive pricing has allowed Boxer to effectively compete with other television

SDTV= 18-20 Channels.

HDTV= 8-10 Channels

UHD-4k= 2-3 Channels

Mobile TV:10-12 Channels

Radio =40-50 Channels(Using latest compression techniques)

One MUX Capacity

Tower (Guyed)


14

operators. Five phases were used to switch-off starting content offered in the new technology is not in September 2005 and completed in October 2007. considerably extended or improved. The dual Japan is relaying Mobile TV, Interactive TV and HDTV illumination (simulcast) period may then need to be contents in DTT Transmitters. quite long. Some countries provided subsidies in

receiving devices. The provision of mandatory DTT Environs and Ecology: Tuners in new TV sets has been made by many

countries. The publicity, helpline/call centres and Whenever a new technology such as DVB-T2 is assistance centers may be useful for initial period of introduced to deliver services already provided, say digitalisation.Analog TV, there is normally a need for a simulcast

period to give consumers a chance to purchase The video is the “language of expressions” and Audio necessary new receiver equipment. It should be noted is the “language of emotions”. Sounds excite senses that consumers are not likely to do this voluntarily if the and inspire emotions flowing around and connecting

with the viewer to create a more profoundly moving experience. Sound allows more complex information transfer than visual expressions. Results from studies involving thousands of participants from birth to age 90 suggest that the brain's ability to process sound is influenced by everything from playing music and learning a new language to aging, language disorders and hearing loss. Studies indicate that across the lifespan, people who actively play music (as a hobby) can hear better in noise than those who don't play music. Video provides word's vision at any location. Thus the TV and Radio have high impact on people's life and DTT play a vital role.

Consumers may wish to watch TV contents anytime and anywhere and may participate actively in the programme by means of voting, giving comments, receiving additional information or wish to receive

Public and private transportation vehicles and public places are potential environments for Radio and Mobile Te l e v i s i o n t h r o u g h D V B - T 2 Transmitters. Receiver ecosystem is fast changing; from the 70-inch 4K OLED TVs in their living rooms to their smartphones' 5-inch screen while riding the bus/Car/ train to work, to the joyful moments in forest or at the beach. Larger mobile screens are helping to boost mobile video consumption.


15

video-on-demand programmes. There may be a shift Nowadays multi-standard decoder chips are available from channel loyalty and TV loyalty to program loyalty which may decode AM, FM, DVB-T2, DRM etc. Pocket and device disloyalty. The audiences today are keen on size DTT TV and Radio are also available. New mobiles absorbing maximum content in a shorter time frame, and tiny size Radio are available for DTT.DVB-T2 Wi-creating specialized content for the mobile makes a lot Fi routers offer solution for indoor receptions. Moving of sense since these help in extending the value of the vehicles can be most useful place for DTT signals. So content as well keeps the audience interested, leading to viewers may fore-see a “blue-sky revolution” of TV and a multiplier effect. Radio signals with plenty of Mux and plurality of

channels.The video consumption on mobiles and tablets is on rise. People on move, Smartphone surges and local transport The “size of Mux” is a strategic decision which needs to (Buses, Train, Taxi, Auto) make a perfect environs for be taken in close co-ordination with Govt., DTT. The receiving ecosystem is ready for DTT. For broadcasters, regulators, device manufacturers, moving vehicles a 2-way or 4-way diversity antenna (& advertisers and above all “the people”. The pristine Chip) are available and are a powerful solution. Radio is environs of DTT have an economic sense.most potent tool in shaping the philosophy of persons.

About The Author

Sh. M. S. Duhan is an officer of 1988 batch of IB(E)S and has effectual acquaintance with the system design and maintenance of all broadcasting organs like Studios, Earth Stations and Transmitters of AIR and Doordarshan. He possesses degree in Electrical Engineering, MBA and Master of Mass Communication. Sh. Duhan has presented his work on “Digital Terrestrial TV” in conferences, various engineering colleges and TV Talk shows. He has also been member of various committees and expert group for digital ecosystem. He has published many papers/articles on issues related to terrestrial TV and Radio Transmission and usage of RF Spectrum in National and International Journals. He has also won DD Awards for Best Maintained DMC and HPTs four times. He has contributed significantly in the implementation of DVB T2 Transmitters in India and finalization of BIS Standard for DVB T2- HDTV STB and iDTV. He is currently posted at O/o

ADG (NZ) New Delhi and is responsible for maintenance of Doordarshan TV Network in North Zone.

Email: [email protected] Phone: +9123381733 Mobile: +919013462293

16

A. Shanmugam

Introduction: generation Atmos AVRs were limited to 5.1.4 or 7.1.2 speaker systems. Recent AVRs offer 5.1.2 and 5.1.4

In the last issue, the concept of object based audio was compatibility on low end models and full 7.1.4

vividly discussed .The latest sound systems for home compatibility on high end models. MostAVRs provide

theatre and commercial cinema have embraced this the choice of adding a second sub woofer. Atmos needs

concept to produce immersive sound experience. The presence channels in the ceiling. Atmos-enabled

traditional channel based surround sound, used to wrap speaker modules designed to bounce sound off a ceiling

audio ,around a listener in a horizontal plane with either to create the illusion of in-ceiling speakers can be

5.1 or 7.1 speaker systems. Addition of height or placed on top of existing front channel and surround

presence channels create immersive sound which takes sound speakers. Though it is easier to implement it

the multi-channel surround experience to a whole new cannot be as effective as true in-ceiling speakers. Low

level .They create a dome of sound, producing “3D” frequency sound waves are much more difficult to direct

audio effect and enable the listener to experience real-and bounce in a controlled fashion compared to high

world auditory experience. More over object-based frequency sounds The AVRs of Denon, Marantz,

audio allows to program an audio mix that focuses Pioneer and Yamaha support Dolby Atmos.

sounds to specific areas of space within a room. Audio Video Receivers (AVRs) can decode object-based Atmos speaker system can be installed expanding over encoding and provide feeds to speaker system. Three a surround sound set-up. An optimal speaker different immersive sound formats, Auro-3D, Dolby arrangement features a minimum of five surround Atmos and DTS:X are in vogue. Auro-3D was the first to channels deployed at the same height and presence be introduced in commercial theaters. Dolby Atmos channels mounted slightly in front of seating, over arrived about a year later and has made strong presence . seating, or behind seating. The Atmos layout employs DTS:X was first announced to the public in early 2015. two presence channels mounted over seating and two Dolby Atmos: Object based feature makes Dolby Atmos mounted in front of seating; Atmos system sound much more adaptable because it does not depend up on better with the use of rear surround channels which the number of speakers. The object-based nature of means 7.1.2 or 7.1.4 system will be better audible Dolby Atmos provides the soundtrack a lot of compared to 5.1.2 or 5.1.4 Atmos system .The sound information about the sound in a scene. Atmos systems produced by a full 7.1.4 Atmos speaker system have been deployed by a number of commercial produces dome of audio immersion producing special theatres and many major AVR manufacturers also effects throughout a room.support the technology. Atmos based AVRs were introduced in late 2014 along with the Atmos encoded Blu-ray title:.A number of movie titles are also available on Blu-ray disc The cinema versionAtmos can utilise up to128 audio objects and dozens of speakers to provide a more immersive effect . For home theaters the most of Atmos receivers use a standard 5.1 or 7.1 setup with either 2 or 4 overhead speakers and an optional set of width speakers. Atmos operates using speaker configurations ranging from 5.1.2 (five surround channels, one subwoofer, two ceiling presence

A traditional 7.1 speaker layout with four Dolby Atmos channels) to 7.1.4 or 9.1.2 in the home. The first enabled speakers (7.1.4)

New Generation Sound Systemsfor Home Theatres and Cinema


17

A Blu-ray player that fully conforms to the Blu-ray the requirement for an AC-3 compatible coding system specification can play a Dolby Atmos movie without a with additional functionality. Resulting in the firmware update. The player will need to be connected emergence of a new standard called Dolby DigitalPlus

or Enhanced AC-3 (E-AC 3). With Dolby MAT 2.0 DolbyAtmos object audio can be live encoded and transmitted from a source device with limited latency and processing complexity. The Dolby MAT 2.0 decoder in an AVR outputs the object-based audio and its metadata for further processing Dolby Atmos allows each sound in a movie scene to be represented as a separate audio object. And each of these objects has its own metadata, describing precisely where it should originate and how it should move, among other data. This approach produces incredibly lifelike sound, but

to an AVR capable of supporting Dolby Atmos. Dolby for a scene with lots of action, it also produces a lot of Atmos content consists of both sound objects and data. spatial audio coding is used to adapt tothe limited metadata which contains data about the placement of bandwidth of a Blu-ray Disc or streamed media sounds and the way the sound should move, along with pipeline. Film makers often remix a film to sound its other data like the type of object etc.. The Dolby Atmos best in home theaters, a process known as creating a object audio renderer knows the speakers available in near-field mix. Spatial audio coding is a tool available to the system and determines which speakers to be fed sound professionals for the near-field mixing process. from moment to moment to recreate the sound . During playback, one can monitor exactly how the film

will sound when it is encoded to Dolby Digital Plus for The Dolby Atmos object audio renderer can support as

streaming or encoded losslessly in Dolby TrueHD for many as 34 speakers—24 traditional floor-standing

Blu-ray.speakers and 10 overhead or Dolby Atmos enabled speakers—along with one or more subwoofer(s). The Spatial audio coding takes uses the spatial information, renderer also supports smaller configurations, making it along with other information about the sound objects, fully scalable and adaptable to a variety of home To for efficiently encoding them in Dolby TrueHD and support the transport of Dolby Atmos content, Dolby Dolby Digital Plus. Spatial coding is a fundamentally has updated and improved many of the underlying new coding technique that allows all the cinema audio Dolby technologies already in use today, including objects to be sent to home theater. Initial Dolby Atmos Dolby TrueHD, Dolby Digital Plus, and Dolby content for home theaters was delivered via Blu-ray Metadata-Enhanced Audio Transmission (MAT), while Disc and streaming video via over-the-top (OTT) maintaining their full compatibility with older content services. For Blu-ray, studios may employ lossless formats.. Dolby TrueHD is a lossless multi-channel Dolby TrueHD for the primary soundtrack and Dolby audio codec developed by Dolby Laboratories which is Digital Plus for secondary languages. OTT services will used in home-entertainment equipment such as Blu-ray be supported by Dolby Digital Plus. In the future, Dolby Disc players and A/V receivers. It is one of the Atmos content will be delivered via video on demand successors to the Dolby Digital (AC-3) surround sound (VOD), broadcast (terrestrial and digital), and cable codec, which is used as the audio standard for the DVD- services that use multichannel Dolby Digital Plus in Video format. Dolby TrueHD uses Meridian Lossless their core architecture. Dolby Atmos can also be used in Packing (MLP) as its mathematical basis for video game audio.compressing audio samples. The multichannel coding

Dolby Atmos in Dolby TrueHD:standard, AC-3, has found widespread use in popular audio and audio/videoapplications. This fact, coupled Dolby has enhanced the Dolby TrueHD format, used in with interest in a wider range of supported data rates, Blu-ray discs, to allow it to support Dolby Atmos channel formats, and reproduction circumstances, led to


18

content. Dolby TrueHD provides lossless support for music, which produce immersive impact. channel-based audio, such as 5.1 and 7.1. Dolby has added a fourth sub stream for Dolby Atmossound. This sub stream provides a losslessly encoded, fully object-based mix.

Dolby Atmos in Dolby TrueHD is transmitted from a Blu-ray player to AVR via an HDMI interface. If AVR supports Dolby Atmos, the Dolby TrueHD object-based audio and related metadata will be decoded, processed, and fed to the specific speaker system.

Dolby Atmos audio can be encoded at multiple The Auro-3D format brings the most immersive and sampling rates 48 and 96 kHz and bit depths 16- and natural 3D audio. It is the most efficient technology for 24-bit. Dolby Atmos enabled AVRs also support legacy true 3D sound, maintaining the highest level of audio Dolby TrueHD bit streams at multiple sampling rates quality and immersion. A fundamental element of the 48, 96, and 192 kHz and bit depths 16-, 20-, and 24-bit to concept behind the format is compatibility. All Auro-3D provide full backward compatibility with legacy Blu- listening formats are mutually compatible, but they are ray Disc media and Dolby TrueHD music files. also completely in accordance with any existing work

flows, delivery formats and available bandwidth, as Dolby Atmos in Dolby Digital Plus:

well as with the existing standards for stereo and 5.1 Surround and Auro 9.1.Auro 9.1 is the most efficient 2-The upgrade to Dolby Digital Plus features a new layered speaker layout able to reproduce a 3D space and decoder capable of processing content encoded for 5.1compatible. Its “vertical stereo field” around the Dolby Atmos. This module uses new bit stream listener, which is part of each Auro-3D speaker layout, is metadata to extract Dolby Atmos object audio and key to get a natural immersive sound experience. output this information for further processing. The

sampling rate for Dolby Atmos content is 48 kHz, the same sample rate as for Dolby Digital Plus content.

Dolby Atmos in Dolby MAT:

Initially the Dolby Metadata-Enhanced Audio Transmission (MAT) encoder resided in a Blu-ray player to pack the variable bit-rate Dolby TrueHD bit streams for transmission over the fixed bit-rate HDMI. Subsequently a MAT decoder was used in an AVR to unpack the Dolby TrueHD bit streams. With the advent of Dolby Atmos, Dolby expanded this technology to support encoding of Dolby Atmos content as lossless pulse-code modulation (PCM) audio.

Auro-3-D:

Auro-3D achieves a lifelike immersive listening Auro 13.1 is the most efficient 3-layered speaker layout experience by adding a Height layer all around the based on the 7.1 Surround standard including 6 screen listener. Using the three orthogonal axes (x,y,z) the channels distributed over 2 vertical planes .the Auro-3D speaker setups reproduce true three-dimensional sound format has speaker layouts with much more playback as a hemisphere all around the audience. Auro-3D channels (e.g. AuroMax 22.1 and AuroMax 26.1) based introduces the third dimension “Height” to movies and


19

level and wall-bound height channels located in the front, back, and sides of a room. Home systems can also utilize one center mounted ceiling channel (Voice of God) in rooms with higher ceilings.Auro-3D systems have been deployed in many commercial theaters worldwide and a numberof postproduction facilities have installed the Auro-3D Studio System to create content for home theaters. Blu-ray discs featuring the codec are limited to a handful of movie titles and albums. Equipment is also relatively limited in quantity and price. Auro-3D has primarily found its way to higher-end AVR models and the company’s new StormAudio and GalaxisAudio products aren’t exactly inexpensive. Denon is one of the few manufacturers producing moderately priced Auro-3D enabled AVRs.

DTS:X:on the Auro-3D speaker layouts described above but used for its AuroMax system. AuroMax is the newest DTS:X is an object-based audio codec that aims to member of the Auro-3D format and combines its create a multi-dimensional immersive sound like Object-Based technology (up to 64 channels) with Dolby Atmos,. DTS:X differs from DolbyAtmos in the Auro-3D ‘s unique 3- layered channel based technology required speaker configuration. While Dolby (up to Auro 13.1 beds). AuroMax delivers the highest Atmosrequires extra height channels to 5.1 or 7.1 resolution and sound precision of all immersive sound setup, DTS:X will work with any standard speaker systems. With at least 20 individually amplified setups at home. It can support up to 32 speaker channels, it uses Object-Based technology to further locations, which equates to 11.2 setups on 2015’s AV enhance the spatial resolution. But such large amount of receivers.DTS :X is flexible and will work with any speakers and channels can be deployed only in speaker configuration within a hemispherical layout. professional cinema theaters or in High End home DTS:X conformsto Multi-Dimensional Audio (MDA) cinemas. platform, which is open and licence-free and allows

consumers to control the placement, movement and The Auro-3D speaker layouts represent the most volume of sound objects. DTS has also made it possible efficient setup for real 3D Soundre production. for users to adjust the volume of just the voices on a Combined with Auro-Codec technology they present an soundtrack, making once hard-to-hear dialogue, a lot all-in-one and end-to-end solution for the easy easier to understand. integration of the third dimension in audio. High

Resolution audio is delivered in all channels, without DTS:X was first introduced at the Consumer the need for extra bandwidth or a new delivery format . Electronics Show in January 2015 . Like Auro-3D and

Atmos, DTS:X needs equipment with special Auro-3D has presence in Asia and Europe and is hardware. Most manufacturers spent the majority of actively working with high-end AV manufacturers in the 2015 shipping AVRs with that hardware onboard. United States. Auro Tech unveiled two new brands of Recently Denon and Marantz began to deliver audio products: StormAudio and GalaxisAudio. These downloadable DTS:X firmware updates to make this brands offer customers access to amplifiers and hardware and Yamaha w[ll soon follow suit .processors that are Auro-3D, Dolby Atmos, and DTS:X

enabled. Auro-3D is dissimilar to Dolby Atmos in that it The main advantage is DTS:X doesn’t require any relies on channel-based audio mixing. Speaker specific speaker layout to work which means that arrangements consisting of up to thirteen speakers DTS:X has the potential to play nicely with both Atmos create immersion using layers of sound produced by ear and Auro-3D speaker arrangements. Recently DTS has


20

recommended speaker layouts 5.1.2 through 7.1.4 that has apprached the Society of Motion Picture and look nearly identical to Dolby Atmos arrangements. It Television Engineers to help develop an open-format, emphasizes ear level surround channels and four ceiling object-based playback standard for immersive surround presence channelHowever the most important aspect is for deriving financial and operational benefits . The speaker placement, with DTS claiming that with same Digital Cinema Package/DCP media carrying an flexible speaker layouts and remapping technology, object-based soundtrack could play back in any DTS:X allows the placement of home cinema speakers immersive sound-equipped theatre located anywhere in virtually anywhere. In theory the freedom of object- the world.based audio enables optimised playback on a multitude

SMPTE is to develop a single, interoperable distribution of speaker layouts, with any number of speakers. The file format for immersive sound, which will be an DTS speaker remapping engine supports any speaker object-based audio essence that can be used within the configuration within a hemispherical layout based D-cinema architecture .It is also developing a common around the listening position in the room. The first batch standardized method of delivering immersive audio to of AV receivers with DTS:X will be able to support up to cinema systems regardless of the playback 11.2 speaker channels and the majority appear to be configuration. Two organizations are contributing input using the same 7.2.4 configuration that was adopted by on object-based formats to SMPTE: Dolby Dolby Atmos.Laboratories, whose proposal is based on Atmos; and

Standardisation: MDA Cinema Proponents Group, which includes DTS, Doremi Laboratories, Ultra-Stereo Laboratories, QSC,

Film and TV post production is rapidly embracing Barco and Auro Technologies. The MDA Group’s immersive surround-sound technologies. With immersive-surround proposal is based on Multi-hundreds of movie theatres around the world now Dimensional Audio, an uncompressed PCM sound capable of replaying Dolby Atmos and/or Barco Auro- format that derives from research initiated at SRS Labs 3D soundtracks, Digital Cinema Initiative — a joint and refined by DTS.venture of Disney, Fox, Paramount, Sony Pictures, Universal and Warner Bros. motion-picture studios —

About The Author

Shri A. Shanmugam, (Rtd) Director Engineering from AIR&TV, apart from having a stint as station engineer DDK Murshidabad, carried out a number of broadcast hardware and computer software related projects during his tenure of more than two decades in Research department AIR&TV New Delhi. His contributions in digialilsation of air archives, digitalization of AIR studios schemes and computerization of AIR stations Webmail, Pilot endeavor for virual private network for programme distribution between studios, marked his tenure in planning and development unit and IT division in DGAIR New Delhi.

He was in a number of new technology committees like DRM, DAB, MobileTV and Digitalisation of cable and IPTV. He was a member of task group for making specification for setop boxes for DTH and Cable TV He was trained in U.K. and Sweden and he imparted training to broadcast

professionals from Radio Maledives Vioce Of Vietnam and conducted a workshop in AIBD Kualalumpur on Digital audio workstation. His fields of specialization are digital audio, digital signal processing, digital radio and TV broadcasting and Data broadcasting. His technical papers have been published in ABU Technical Review, BES and IETE technical Journals. He is a recipient of a number of awards from ABU, BES and Akashvani


21

What is the need of Spectrum Management? private users is increasingly being met by broad band wireless applications. Another reason for compounding

Radio Frequency Spectrum & Satellite Orbits including of complexities is the long lead time needed for the geostationary satellite orbits (GSO) are scarce natural introduction of major new services due to the resources, susceptible to harmful interference and are requirement of long term planning. It is really difficult to international in character since radio waves can not be predict the time a newly envisaged service will take to confined to national boundaries. Like any other national actually come in to the market.& natural resource, it can not be owned but used or shared among countries, users, services, technologies Radio communication networks are like global societies etc. without any element of exclusiveness. It is necessitating appropriate discipline. Therefore, absolutely essential that these scarce resources be used spectrum management is carried out in the following rationally, efficiently and economically so that four levels of regulatory framework for different types equitably access could be available to all spectrum users of services:-for different Radio Communication Services in an

(I) Radio Regulationinterference free radio environment. Thus requires the (ii) Regional Allocation of Frequency Bandefficient and effective spectrum management.(iii) National Frequency Allocation Plan

What is Spectrum Management & why it is so big (iv) Licensingtask?

NFAP & its ImportanceSpectrum Management is the combination of administrative and technical procedures necessary to Wireless Planning & Coordination (WPC) Wing of ensure the efficient operation of Radio Communication Ministry of Communication & IT prepares and Services. Thus, Spectrum Management is the art and publishes the National Frequency Allocation Plan science of carefully planning for spectrum allocation in (NFAP). The objective of the plan is that information a coordinated manner without compromising shall be available to operators, industry, equipment international interests and efficiently assigning manufacturers and others that require knowledge about frequencies for the benefit of users at large and with the current and planned use of the frequency spectrum.minimum scope of harmful interference. It is equally

The plan is overarching and therefore does not provide a important that users should plan, establish & operate complete picture of the frequency situation within each their Radiocommunication networks optimally using band. For more detailed information WPC makes spectrum efficient technologies with optimal technical reference to the strategy documents and other specifications.information that have been provided for the various

Spectrum Management has always been very important technical areas.but the task has become very complex by the

WPC is involved in international harmonisation work proliferation of both traditional and new spectrum users. within the International Telecommunication Union The growing demand for information rich content, (ITU). As part of the international radio regulations, faster access speeds and mobility by both public and ITU has prepared a frequency allocation table. The radio

Sunil Bhatia

Review of National Frequency AllocationPlan (NFAP)-2011 : A Big Challenge for Spectrum Managers


22

regulations are revised every third to fourth year during Since then, 2 WRCs i.e. WRC-12 and WRC-15 have the World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC). taken place and review of NFAP 2011 is due. Outcomes Correspondingly, WPC works with long-term strategic of WRCs need to be incorporated in the next edition of planning for the use of the frequency spectrum. The plan NFAP. Besides, new national telecom policy i.e. NTP-applies to the frequency area from 9 kHz to 100 GHz. 2012 has also been announced and NFAP needed to be NFAP is largely based on ITU allocation table. revised to meet the objectives of NTP 2012.

Accordingly, in a recent development Ministry of NFAP 2011 & Necessity of its Review Communication and IT has announced review of NFAP-

2011 which is likely be carried out in a fast track mode NFAP is developed with the objective of providing the and in line with the decisions of recently held World basis for development, manufacture and spectrum Radio Communication Conference. It is expected to utilization activities in the country, both or Government include the spectrum requirement of new and emerging and Private Sectors. As per the existing Telecom policy, technologies needed to realize the vision of Digital The NFAP is to be revised generally every 2 years in line India. with the decisions of World Radio Communication

Conference. But existing NFAP i.e. NFAP 2011 came Referencesinto force from Oct. 1, 2011 when NFAP 2008 was

1. National Frequency Allocation Plan 2011revised in line with outcome of WRC -07.

1. Article should not exceed 3000 words. For book/website/ Conference Reviews, the word limit is 1000. Longer Articles may be considered in exceptional cases.

2. Articles/reviews can be sent by e-mail at [email protected] or by post to The Editor, BES Review, Broadcast Engineering Society (India) 912 Surya Kiran Building, 19 K.G. Marg, New Delhi-110001, India.

3. Relevant figures/ tables/ photographs should be sent in hard copies preferably in 5’X7’ size, soft copies in 300dpi or with better resolution.

4. Passport size photograph and brief bio-data of the author(s) must be enclosed with the article.

5. For book reviews please mention the title, name of the author(s), publisher(s), year of publication, price, number of pages and a photograph of the cover.

6. In case of conference/ workshop/ seminar reviews, please mention the theme, venue, date and name of the organizer. Please send photographs of conference/ workshop/seminar. The event held in past 3 months of the forthcoming issue will be preferred.

7. The editor reserves the right to reject, edit and adjust articles in order to conform to the format of the Review.

Editorial Guidelines for BES Review

About The Author

Shri Sunil Bhatia, received his Bachelors degree in Elect. Engg. from NIT Allahabad and Masters from IIT-Varanasi. Since his joining AIR in 1994, he has been associated with Spectrum Management & Synergy (SMS) Division of AIR Headquarters except for seven years (2007-2014), when he was posted at field stations. His area of interest includes Spectrum Planning & Technical Liaison. He has been closely involved in various International activities of AIR. Presently, he is heading the Spectrum Management & Synergy Division of DG: AIR. He is also the Technical Liaison Officer for AIR to Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union (ABU).


23

1. Introduction On the other hand, there seems to be a need for diversification of programmes, which was one of the

Who would have imagined a few years back that there objectives of introducing private broadcasting in the

would be demand for more and more radio channels and country. No doubt, the policy of allowing ownership of

that too in bigger cities of India? Seeing such a multiple channels in bigger cities in Phase-3 is a step in

remarkable comeback of radio, this writer's thought this direction, but it can't be a substitute for creation of

goes back to the time when many people were writing specialized type of channels which in general parleys

obituary of radio, an US magazine had published a are called Niche channels, the concept of which had

prediction of radio's renaissance in ten years time and started taking shape some time back. Time, therefore,

this writer had placed the cutting from that magazine in seems ripe for again giving a thought to their

the files of All India Radio. This prediction was made by introduction, side by side with the ushering of 400 KHZ

Don Druckers of Media Arts Program of US National spaced FM channels in the country.

Endowment for the Arts paying tribute to radio in these words: “Radio reaches more people than anything else 2. RF Issues involved in the use of 400 KHz spaced except match box covers and graffiti. There is channels for common service areasomething kind of awesome, even ritualized, about

There are certain issues involved in the use of 400 KHz going into a temple of culture like museum or theatre,

spaced FM channels for serving the common service but there is nothing ritualized about this kind of

area. These primarily include the need of meeting the RF listening. Just flick it on.” And as predicted, radio has

Protection Ratio requirement in the entire service area made a comeback. The credit for this renaissance goes

leading to the necessity of co-locating all the both to the Government and Private Broadcasters--to

transmitters, besides certain allied issues like non-the Government for opening the sector to private

availability of suitable combiners; their use in digital enterprise and to private broadcasters for seizing the

domain even if available; compulsion of using two opportunity with both the hands.

antennae in Antenna Diversity because of non-The demand for more channels by private broadcasters availability of suitable combiners and in doing so the in the cities where private operations are already going- issue of ERP differential between the two sets of antenna on, can only be met with the release of additional because of variations in their radiation patterns. These channels with 400 KHZ channel spacing in the scenario issues are discussed in the following sub-paragraphs.where whole hog digitization of FM services is a far cry

2.1 RF Protection Ratio Requirementand analog FM transmissions are expected to continue for quite some time. The demand has also been The objective of planning any VHF/FM service is to supported by Telecom Regulatory Authority of India make available signal of adequate strength free from (TRAI) and a recommendation given to this effect. The noise and interference. For the purpose of meeting the Government of India is also keen on giving shape to the requirements of interference, it takes into account a idea of 400 KHZ spaced channels. There are, however, factor known as RF Protection Ratio. RF Protection some logistic problems connected with the well Ratio is the ratio of the wanted signal to that of the established on-going operations, medaling with which unwanted signal to provide a satisfactory audio 'signal neither seems feasible nor desirable. An impasse has, to noise ratio' at the output of the receiver. The desired

values of RF Protection Ratio for different frequency thus got created, a way out for which is to be found out.

B.P. Srivastava

Ushering of 400 kHz Fm ChannelSpacing in IndiaThe Impasse and The Way Out



24

spacing and type of interference have been distance of about one kilometer. The London example recommended by CCIR vide their Recommendation can, however, not be taken as a benchmark firstly REC 412-9. Some of the values that are relevant to this because the ERP's involved in the operations are very article are given in Table 1. low- in one case as low as 36 watts- and secondly it is not

clear whether certain extra protection margins have been taken by the use of antenna directivity and polarization discrimination. Some studies have, however, been carried out, one of which is by the New Zealand's Ministry of Economic Development-Radio Spectrum Management-400 KHz Channeling Plan for FM Radio. The New Zealand study has also not specifically touched upon the maximum permissible distance for co-location beyond saying that, “-----400 KHz spaced channels-co sited or near co sited-can be implemented successfully in New Zealand”.

A very useful recommendation in this connection that the author has come across is from Jampro Antennas It would be seen from the above that RF Protection Ratio INC's in their monograph, “FM Propagation and Site for 800 KHZ channel spacing is -40 dB while that for Selection”. The said recommendation is in respect of 400 KHZ spacing is -20 dB. In practical terms it means avoiding interference between TV channel in band 82 to that 800 KHZ spaced channels can be located anywhere 88 MHz and educational FM stations within 88 to 92 in the city (subject to certain remote distance condition) MHz band serving the common service area for which without interfering with each other while the same can't co-location was considered one of the options. It says, be said for 400 KHZ spaced channels. It, therefore, “If possible both the antennas should be mounted on the becomes necessary that all the 400 KHz spaced channels same tower. If not a maximum separation of 400 meters serving the common service area are co-located. It is for between the two towers is adequate. The horizontal and this reason that co-location was mandated in metro vertical radiation patterns should be similar because the cities in the first phase itself since demand for 400 KHZ objective is to maintain a near constant desired- to- spaced channels was foreseen only in these cities. Later undesired signal ratio.”on it was mandated in all the cities in Phase 2 since by

that time popularity of FM had picked up. The policy of It would, therefore, be safe to infer from what has been co-location has been continued in Phase III also. said above that that the qualifying distance between the

two towers can be taken as 400 meters till such time 2.2 Co-Location and Maximum Distance qualifying more interference studies are carried out to explore the as Co-Locationpossibility of doubling the distance.

The purpose of co-location is to achieve the same 2.3 Non-availability of Suitable Combinerspropagation path for all the co-located transmitters thus

making it possible to maintain nearly constant desired- Under the present stage of development, combiners for to- un-desired signal ratio in the service area. The point, 400 KHz channel spacing that can meet the technical however, arises as to what should be the maximum specifications such as isolation and insertion loss are not permissible distance between the two towers in case the available. Enquiries have been made in this respect by single tower is not able to meet the requirements of all various broadcasting organizations from all the reputed the channels. No clear cut recommendation seems to be combiner manufacturers of the world. One of the available in this matter nor there exist instances reputed manufacturers namely RFS is reported to have internationally of using two sites separated from each informed that although they do not manufacture such a other which meet the qualification of co-location except combiner presently, they have investigated the in United Kingdom at London, where two sites serving possibility of doing so by going for four-pole cross significantly common service area are located at a coupled balanced combiner. However, one of the

0 36 28 45 37

100 12 12 33 25

200 6 6 7 7

300 -7 -7 -7 -7

400 -20 -20 -20 -20

700 -35 -35 -35 -35

800 -40 -40 -40 -40

FrequencySpacing(KHZ)

RF Protection Ration in dB

Monophonic Stereophonic

SteadyInterference

TroposphereInterference

SteadyInterference

TroposphereInterference

Table 1

limitations which they felt such a combiner would face 4. The Way Outwas the restriction in the pass bandwidth to

In view of the fact that it is almost impossible to shift all approximately +/- 140 KHz that may come in the way of the existing private broadcasters to a new location, an their utilization when FM services are digitized.alternative has to be found out to introduce 400 KHz

2.4 Use of two Antennae in Antenna Diversity spacing that would not only make more channels available to the broadcasters but would also be a step

In the scenario where 400 KHz combiners are not forward technologically. This can be done by creating a

available, there is no alternative but to use two antennae new regime for these channels quite distinct from the

in Antenna Diversity. Under this arrangement alternate present one. These channels may use a separate chunk of 400 KHz spaced channels are to be grouped together so spectrum within the same FM Band II (87-108 MHZ) as to maintain within the group a spacing of 800 KHZ and may have different technical parameters from the and each of the two groups fed to two their respective ones for the present Private FM according to their needs antennas co-located with each other as discussed earlier. on lines of USA where there are short spaced It is necessary that the horizontal and vertical radiation assignments and Grand Father Channels. These patterns of two antennae are similar as far as possible or channels can be named as Classical Channels or Niche else the Protection Ratio requirement in certain Channels. Commercial terms and conditions for these directions and places may get compromised. In practice, channels can also be different from the ones for the however, it is seen that there may be a variation of +/- 3 present regime of Private Broadcasting, if considered dB from the nominal gain in certain directions and necessary, keeping in view their market potential.angles. All such factors including the one of mounting

the two antennae at different heights of the same tower To start with these channels may be introduced in the 14 are to be taken care of by suitable adjustments of ERPs. cities of India namely Chennai, Delhi, Mumbai,

Kolkata, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmadabad, Jaipur, 3. The ImpasseKanpur, Lucknow, Nagpur, Pune, Surat, and Varanasi,

It is seen from what all has been said above that co- which have a population of more than 20 lakhs. Various location and availability of second antenna aperture, issues connected with the requirement of spectrum and either on the same tower or in another tower located frequency allocation for them are discussed in the within the qualifying distance, are absolutely essential following paragraphs.requirements for introducing 400 KHz spaced channels

5. Chunk of Spectrum to be usedat the existing transmitting set ups. Unfortunately, however, at most of the 13 major cities of the country for

A comparative look at the allocation for FM whom more channels are being demanded, second

Broadcasting in ITU's region 1, region 2 and India antenna aperture is not available at the Common

which falls in region 3, as given in Table 2, would clearly Transmission Infrastructures nor there is the possibility

show that exclusive allocation for FM Broadcasting in of erecting another tower in the same premises. As such

India is much less than in the other two regions.for the purpose of introducing 400 KHz spaced channels in these cities, there seems to be no other alternative but to go in for a new site with a new tower having two apertures and shift the existing operations of nearly 90 channels involving more than 15 broadcasters to the new site so as to be co- located with the new ones. It is anybody's guess whether the existing broadcasters would be willing to shift their well established operations mid stream of their license period. An impasse has, thus, got generated whereby in spite of the positive desire of all concerned, it is not becoming possible to usher channels with 400 KHZ spacing. A way out is, therefore, required to be found out to end this impasse.

Table 2


25

S.N. ITU’s Region-1 ITU’s Region-2(Europe & Africa) (North & South America) (India Allocations)

1. 87.5-100 MHZ 76-88 MHZ 87-91.5, 95-100 MHZexclusively for Broadcasting shared Broadcasting shared Broadcasting with fixed and with fixed and

Mobile services Mobile services

2. 100-108 MHZ 88-100 MHZ 91.5-95 MHZ exclusively for exclusively for exclusively forBroadcasting Broadcasting Broadcasting

(NFAP 2002)

3. -- 100-108 MHZ 100-108 MHZ exclusively for exclusively for Broadcasting Broadcasting

ITU’s Region-3

There is, therefore, a case for augmenting the exclusive Chennai frequencies is possible there. There are, allocation for Broadcasting and bringing it on par with however, 6 cities whose inter-city distances will require other two regions. For this purpose, consolidated the use of various channel spacing as per Table-3. These requirements of Broadcasting have already been cities with their inter-city aerial distances are given in projected by the Ministry of I & B and expansion of Table-4exclusive allocation has been sought in NFAPs. The matter regarding the need for augmentation of spectrum for Broadcasting has been discussed in detail in this author's paper, “Private FM Broadcasting Phase-III and Beyond – Augmentation of Spectrum & Segmented planning” published in BES Review, April 2015-June 2015. It has been suggested therein that while long term exclusive allocation of entire band to Broadcasting may take time, the chunk of 95-97.5 MHZ may be made available to Broadcasting in the next NFAP itself to meet its upcoming demands. It is this chunk i.e. 95-97.5 MHZ

6.2 Proposed Frequency Allocationsthat is being proposed in this article to be used for ushering 400 KHZ spaced channels. The suggested frequency allocations for 14 cities using

the frequency chunk 95-97.5 MHZ are given in Table-5. 6. Frequency Allocation for these Channels

It would be seen there from that most of the cities (9 out Frequency allocations for these channels will have to be of 14) are getting 5 channels added to them as per the carried out on the same lines as has been done for other figures given in Table-5. These cities include Chennai, private FM channels keeping in view the optimum Delhi, Kolkata, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, utilization of spectrum. Various aspects of frequency Nagpur, Surat and Varanasi. As a matter of fact, Mumbai planning approaches adopted for different services as can also be given 5 channels but it is not being done also a comparative analysis of the planned distances and since Pune will then be left with only one channel. Jaipur those being actually used successfully in certain cases is also another city where 5 channels can be possible, as have been discussed in this author's paper titled as, mentioned in the footnote of Table-5. This would mean “Development of Private FM Broadcasting in India- that out of 14 cities, 11 of them will get 5 channels added Optimum Utilization of Spectrum” published in BES to them with the proposed way out.Review, volume XVIII (Jan 2011-Sep 2011). Some of the figures of planned distances between two cities for various Protection Ratios, as are relevant for this article, are given in Table-3.

6.1 Critical Distances

Out of the 14 cities mentioned in Para 5 above, 8 are such where repetition of frequencies is possible between them. These include Bangalore whose aerial distance from Chennai is 284 Kms. and as such repetition of Table 4

Table 4

Table 3

0 100 200 300 400

Large City Metro 275 204 144 109 83

Large City Large 241 179 124 92 71City

Minimum Separation between two type of cities in Kms for various Protection

Ratios in KHZ

Type of city from

Type ofcity to


26

S.No. Name of Cities Aerial Distances between them in Kms

1 Delhi-Jaipur 235

2 Mumbai-Pune 120

3 Mumbai-Surat 233

4 Surat-Ahmedabad 208

5 Kanpur-Lucknow 75

6 Lucknow-Varanasi 232

S.No. City Frequencies No. ofChannels

1 Chennai 95.9, 96.3, 96.7, 97.1, 97.5 5

2 Delhi -DO- 5

3 Kolkata -DO- 5

4 Mumbai 95.5, 95.9, 96.3, 96.7 4

5 Bangalore 95.9, 96.3 96.7, 97.1, 97.5 5

6 Hyderabad -DO- 5

7 Ahmedabad -DO- 5

8 Jaipur* 96.1, 96.5, 96.9, 97.3 4

9 Kanpur** 96.7, 97.1, 97.5, 3

10 Lucknow** 95.5, 95.9, 96.3 3

11 Nagpur 95.9, 96.3, 96.7, 97.1, 97.5 5

12 Pune 97.1, 97.5 2

13 Surat 95.7, 96.1, 96.5, 96.9, 97.3 5

14 Varanasi 95.8, 96.2, 96.7, 97.1, 97.5 5

*Repetition of Delhi frequencies at Jaipur is also • These channels may use the frequency chunk of 95-possible because of intervening terrain profile, making 97.5 MHZ.it possible for Jaipur to get 5 channels. This will also

• WPC may be requested to earmark the chunk 95-allow some elbow room for future nearby stations.

97.5 MHZ exclusively for Broadcasting, as was ** Kanpur and Lucnow are only 75 Kms apart. As such done in the case of 91.5-95 MHZ, without waiting they have to share the six available frequencies. for the allocation of entire FM band (87-108 MHZ)

for Broadcasting. 7. In Conclusion

• Techn ica l pa ramete r s and commerc ia l The suggested way out to usher 400 KHZ spaced

considerations for these channels may be different channels is as follows:

from those for the present regime, if considered necessary, keeping in view their needs and market • A separate regime may be created for these potential of these channels.channels.

• These channels may be named as Classic channels or Niche channels.

About The Author

Shri B P Srivastava has now been associated with radio broadcast engineering for more than 60

years. After contributing his mite in the areas of medium wave and short wave, he is now engaged in

the development of FM. His association with FM dates back to its inception in the country. It was

under his charge that FM was introduced in All India Radio in a big way in the late nineteen eighties

and the technical policy on FM was formulated along with the planning for 100 FM transmitters

across the country. He was decorated with “Akashvani Annual Award for Technical Excellence” for

his work in this field. He was also a member of CCIR's interim Working Party; IWP-5 set up to study

various aspects of tropospheric propagation. Later on, he again came to the centre stage of FM when

Private FM Broadcasting was introduced in the country by playing a pivotal role in the preparation of policy frame work

of its various schemes and in their unfolding from Phase I to III. During this period itself, he has published more than a

dozen papers on FM broadcasting. In recognition of his overall contribution towards the growth of radio broadcasting in

the country, he has been honoured with the “Life Time Achievement Award” at Radio Congress 2011.

Mr. Srivastava has also worked as Panel Expert with AIBD - an organization working under the aegis of ITU. In this

capacity, he has conducted international courses in Pacific region and for Asian region in Papua New Guinea and Pakistan

respectively. He was also acted as an expert to advise the national broadcaster of Papua New Guinea on the matters

connected with Medium Wave broadcasting. Mr. Srivastava is presently working as Senior Advisor with Broadcast

Engineering Consultants India Ltd (BECIL) – a Government of India Enterprise.


27

Sanjeev Sugathan

gradation in the form of DTT in Terrestrial Broadcasting. India also followed the world TV Technology trend and Doordarshan India upgraded its Metro Transmitters with DTT Technologies [DVB-T Standard] with Simulcast in last part of 2000. This Technology induction didn't get popularised due to lack of suitable affordable reception systems. World over this Technology could not succeed much due to the non-availability of affordable receivers as well as the limited number of channels possible in this System compared with the already established content delivery in Cable TV and DTH mode. As a result, the DTT [DVB-T standard] never took off well as planned.

The DTT in its existing form with limited channels was not at all a comparison for Cable TV and DTH with few 100s of channels offered in comparison with few channels of DTT. Over a period the DTT had evolved into DVB-T2 and then to DVB-T2 Lite catering to Mobile Devices.

May be we can make it reach TV Homes and we can In between the world economy started plunging into an make it popular and then we can build our Digital economic recession cycle and the Government Terrestrial Backbone...institutions like Prasar Bharati and Doordarshan India

The history of Technical development will reveal that responsible for the next major technology transitions most of the new Technologies were rolled out with became cautious in investing heavily for rolling out the public fund supported initiatives. The same is true in the new technologies in this line. In the meantime, there was Broadcasting field also. In the 1980s India witnessed the a decision in WRC to switch off Analogue Terrestrial TV introduction of Colour Television on Pan India basis and Transmission and switchover totally to Digital most of the Indian homes turned into a Doordarshan Terrestrial TV Transmission by 2017. This move also home in the next decade. Doordarshan established the could not be successful as many countries were in the Colour Television culture in India. In the last half of grip of Economic recession and were not in a position to 1980s and early 1990s the Cable TV industry got take up these transitions completely. All the above established with the support of the TV Home Viewer factors led to the delay in establishing DTT base created by Doordarshan. Technologies in many part of the world including India.

The next step in Television was Compressed Digital TV Addressing the issue of Non-availability of suitable Transmission and Doordarshan established the Digital affordable DTT Receivers Satellite Channels of the DVB-S standard in the last part

One of the Major issues facing the DTT technologies is of 1990s and all the Doordarshan Satellite Channel got the non-availability of suitable affordable receivers. The digitalised in the early part of new Millennium. Then associated industries in broadcasting field like the world witnessed the next in Television Technology up-

Digital Terrestrial Television

Broadcast


28

methods possible are listed below.

receiver Industry take a bit of time for rolling out their products as these companies also analyse the market potentials and then only come up with a business model and then produce and release products in the market. The DTT Ready TV receivers are not yet released in India.

In the meantime other modes of content delivery like internet streaming, podcasts etc also evolved. These new modes of content distribution slowly picked up momentum with very high bit rate getting evolved which are capable of carrying HD Video Programmes comfortably. This in turn led to the evolution of Smart TV which was with built-in with capabilities for directly linking Internet through a Physical Network Cable connection as well as via Wi-Fi Mode. The Wi-Fi Mode of connectivity of these Smart TVs led to the possibilities of further linking other Wi-Fi enabled streaming reception systems like Mobile devices. The Mirroring feature in Smart Phones connecting the Wi-Fi enabled Smart TV has become a standard feature in Smart Phones these days.

The challenge now on the Broadcast Engineer is to find interim means by which DTT reception can be ensured to the TV Receiver or rather how we should extend DTT to the existing TV Homes. This situation compels one to see if there are possible alternates Technologies which can be utilised to bridge the gap between DTT On-Air signal and the existing TV Receivers. The different

Sl Different alternate options which may gap the bridge

01 DVB-T2 Built-In Reception enable Mobile with Mirroring facility: One of the easiest way to have DTT Reception is to have DTT Reception Built into the Smart Phones which are Wi-Fi enabled. The Mirroring feature with DTT to Wi-Fi would be the alternate mode to reach DTT to the TV Homes. This would have enabled the masses in experiencing the new DTT Technology.While writing this article and earlier also I used to scan for possible DVB-T2 Built In Mobile Phones or Tablets.... There exists a version which was demonstrated in the year 2014 !!!!T h e l i n k i s g i v e n b e l o w

02 DVB-T2 Dongle based Reception:The most popular method well advertised by Doordarshan was to use a Dongle to receive DTT which was developed to meet this specific link.

03 Universal Remote with Added facility of DVB-T2 Reception with linking facility through Wi-Fi, Li-Fi or any other fast connectivity mode for interconnection between remote and Smart TV

04 Why not a dedicated Handheld with DTT Reception facility with linking facility through Wi-Fi Li-Fi or any o ther fas t connect iv i ty mode for interconnection between remote and Smart TV

05

06

07

https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiW3f2P1cnRAhVHNY8KHciJA0oQtwIIIDAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DrDR9RsACXhU&usg=AFQjCNHpfWOAVuMnTYmMs6BE8P_EtYOZCg& s i g 2 = P T 5 W P y N 7 D s -TbTj3Cy99Og&bvm=bv.144224172,d.c2IPublished on 3 Mar 2014Mobile phone and tablet with built-in DVB-T2 receiver. I-mobile IQ mobile phone and i-mobile 7 inch tablet. Built with the receiver chip SMS4470 from Siano. Displayed during the DVB-T2 workshop in Bangkok, Thailand.It was quite surprising that the solution existed from 2014 itself... The only requirement was to add Mirroring facility to it.This is just one example


29

There can be still more possibilities even in this option an experienced Development and Engineering team by which is practical or already existing.. using Electronic Design Automation Systems and

associated Fabrication Facilities. May be for 10 to 20% Why I believe it is possible? which are not immediately available may have to be

designed. In the nutshell, in most of the cases the I have served in a Communication equipment turnaround period from Design to product can be very manufacturing company [M/s Bharat Electronics] in the short.initial part of my career. This esteemed organisation

gave me opportunity to work in different divisions of the So it is a possibility... Worth trying...Electronics Industry like Quality Assurance Acceptance Testing, Equipment Testing, Development and Possible Tie up with Mobile Service Operators for Engineering etc. I was lucky to have been associated combined DTT and Mobile Services can open up with full life cycle of Development of an Electronic possibilities for a multitude of Government Product starting from Developing and engineering the functions and Revenue earning businessesDesign to Product from Design Drawings, Pilot batch

There can be immense possibilities if one can link production and Initial Customer Acceptance Trials of Mobile Operators along with DD DTT Services to the Equipment and then finally the Field deployment provide an array of applications requiring High Volume and trials of the Pilot Batch. I was also associated with Data Download and Low Volume Data feedback. The establishing the Mentor Graphics EDA facility for the DTT Channels can cater to High Volume Data download factory's D&E department. Hence I am sure that most of [Predominantly Video, Audio and Data] and Mobile the companies in the field of Broadcast Equipment channel can give low volume feedback data.Manufacturing would be capable to take up this work.

The following services listed and much more can be possible with combined DTT and Mobile based applications

a) Video on Demand

b) Software Downloads and Update for OS as well as Applications for Mobiles

c) Detailed Area Maps in association with ISRO GPS Data

d) Miss ing Person Informat ion Broadcas t instantaneous on Pan India basis through Pan India

We live in a world which is in a comfortably advanced SFNlevel in Science and Technology and is quite advanced

e) CCTV footage on Vehicle Theft / Hit and Run Case in engineering capabilities. These advances had enabled and helping Law enforcing agencies to chase and us in transforming any idea into a reality with much less catcheffort as compared to the previous decades. It is a fact it

is said that if you have an idea for a product, more than f) National Disaster Management Services [NDMS] 80% of it can be from technologies already existing. The like Flashing information on Natural Calamities like Development and Engineering of a product generally Flash Floods, Tsunamis, Landslides, Cloud Bursts, make use of Cut and Paste mode of time tested blocks of Earth Quake etcElectronics Products which had proved their reliability

g) Traffic Information Live on important highway in working for long years in the field. Thus a few blocks

segments, may be an aerial view superimposed on from different product lines cut and pasted in a

ISRO Bhuvan Earth Maps / Google Earth Maps to Schematic Editor of a suitable EDA stage form the

support decisions to take deviations for low traffic majority your circuit. The prototype can be produced by

segments


30

One can add on many more on his own. These lists can Channels (DVB-T2) and AIR Audio Channels (DRM)] go on and on and these must include so many important can be built in as an optional feature to start with in Governments' obligations and also Revenue Earning addition to the existing AIR and Private FM Channels Business Models operated on a revenue sharing models reception capabilities.by private and public enterprises.

India's Navigation System on the Vehicle DTT Card in PCs for Direct DTT viewing and Infotainment systemSoftware Updates

Recently ISRO launched Navigational Satellite Fleet The Desktop PC and Laptops have become the essential and we have an Indian GPS system now. This in turn will part of our everyday life. The DTT Receive Card with lead to Navigational software in Mobiles as well as GPS provisions for High Volume Data download can be an Navigation Systems in Vehicles. So there can be add-on facility to the PCs and Laptops. The card can possibility of feeds to such application for a variety of provide the DTT reception. In addition, this card with Traffic Data and relevant location specific information supporting drivers can be adapted to help software being radiated from the DTT Transmitters of the region.downloads for OS and associated Applications.

Let us walk back in time to the recent past to the windows 10 Free Upgrade period. We were waiting for a long period to down load the Windows Download as the Network got congested due to heavy down load Traffic. There can be a possibility that a combination of high volume data download using DTT Card and low volume feedback using internet can be achieved for specific purposes. This can lead to a new opportunity for applications utilising the high speed high volume data carrying capability of DTT channels. If the software can be packetized in quantum and sequentially sent over a DTT channel in a cyclic manner and an installer controls the sequenced download, then it would be possible to download a huge software like OS upgrade to the computer in a much shorter time frame.

Everyone is aware that there exists different The market potential of Vehicle Mount Infotainment Navigational Maps from Google Maps etc and naturally Systems the question can be why you need DTT to do the same

again. The answer is simple. When you do Google Maps We have not yet explored the possibility of being present on Mobile Data you are charged for the Data in the Vehicle onboard entertainment system. The consumption. But for Maps through DTT means bulk internet contains a lot of data in this regard and it was transfer once and you end up paying meagre sums if found that most of the Vehicle Onboard Infotainment such services are extended by Government at negligible Systems are designed by few select companies in the costs preferably through ISRO.World and one such company which has the Indian

subsidiary designs and manufactures the entire Vehicle Cluster of Low Power Transmitters providing Onboard Infotainment console for most of the Highway CoverageAutomobile Manufacturers in India. We have the design

There is a scope for an array of Low Power Transmitters capability in India itself. So if a decision is conveyed at along the Highways which can give us coverage for appropriate levels in different Ministries involved and vehicles on Highways. This proposal is planned for the preferably from a power centre like Prime Minister's NHAI Projects. Doordarshan and AIR can have an array Office India, then the DTT Receptions [for both DD of Transmitters which can cater to this need covering the


31

Highways with suitable Programmes including continuity of coverage for the Private Players on board our National DTT Frame work.

Community TV using DTT Channels

The World had already witnessed Major Project Achievements with the help of Media through Terrestrial Transmission. The African campaign on AIDS with the support of Radio Transmission and the innovative BayGen Receivers was one such achievement. Media was in the past, is in the present and will if future remain an essential powerful tool in transforming the society, in achieving social goals.

The Community Radio was yet another concept which was a social empowerment tool to empower a village or a cluster of villages in achieving better living standards.

So far the Spectrum was limited and we could extend only and Audio Spectrum for such clusters. Now the

The ultimate aim is to create a Digital Terrestrial modern technology of DVB-T2 enabled us to provide a Transmission backbone for our great nation in the Video Channel for them to have their own available Spectrum earmarked for TV at our disposal. Developmental Programmes.The number of channels available for a region will

Why not empower the Villages? After all every depend on the Government ' s Obl iga tory, development from the Public Fund must have sufficient Developmental and Empowerment roles fulfilling share for the common man also. Though Revenue requirement as well as the Revenue Earning Business earning is envisaged in our mission, it is not the prime Models based on the Business Model proposals objective of the Public Broadcaster. evaluations. So at any point in time the Digital

Terrestrial backbone of a Particular Transmission The Digital Terrestrial BackboneCentres consists of a fixed component which is

In order to make all the above said facilities, the DTT is Government Functions [Obligations, Developmental & to be rolled out at the earliest possible. It should cover Empowerment] fulfilling channels and variable pan-India at the earliest possible. component of Revenue earning channels on the basis of

successful Business Models. There can be different Business Models based on viewer requirements for infotainments as well as Government The proposal here is to introduce DVB-T2 Modulation Missions Specific to the Populations intended. The role in our already Digital Ready Analogue Transmitters at of Public Service Broadcasting demands our VLPTs and LPTs in Rural areas and HPTs in Major contribution in reaching out to Public with content Cities in a Phased Mannercarrying Government Missions, Welfare Measure,

Predominantly Government's Developmental and NEWS updates (which is Positive and Accurate) etc. Empowerment Models for Rural AreasThis bouquet of content may not attract much

advertisement. But reaching the masses is vital ensuring The sample population covered by the Low Power that they are kept united with the Mainstream. The Transmitter can be distributed with DVB-T2 enabled rollout of such Transmissions in the Rural Areas will Mobiles and this population can be utilised for the help take a position to be in synchronisation with PM's Government's Developmental Programme Model Digital India Vision.....


32

About The Author

Shri Sanjeev Sugathan, DDG(E) is B.Tech (Electronics & Communication Engineering) from College Of Engineering, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala University in 1988.

He started his career with M/s Bharat Electronics immediately after his graduation in 1988 and stared with Quality Acceptance Testing Department and later on joined Development & Engineering Department. He was responsible for Development & Engineering from Design Drawings, Prototype, Roll out of Pilot batch of equipment, it's field evaluation etc for different PCM MUX series and was also associated with Drop/Inset Muxes, Transcoders, and C-Dot Switches etc. During the period he was also involved in establishing EDA facility in the Unit.

In the year 1993 he joined Doordarshan Kohima as ADE in the Indian Broadcast Engineering Services. Worked in different capacities as ADE, DDE, DE and DDGE in different stations in Prasar

Bharati AIR DD in Kohima Nagaland, Keonjhar Orissa, Thiruvananthapuram, Thrissur in Kerala and Mangalore in Karnataka prior to joining DGDD and then as DDGE ADGENZ where he is at present functioning and is responsible for TV Projects related to DTT, Research & Development. He is also responsible for the Engineering Purchases activities for TV Projects.

which is obligatory. The same can be repeated for all the predominantly Revenue Earning Business Model based rural areas. C h a n n e l s a n d G o v e r n m e n t ' s O b l i g a t o r y,

Developmental and Empowerment functions based It would be preferable and better to start with one LPT / channels. The Urban areas can very fast develop into a VLPT operating on Solar Power with Remote full potential DTT Backbone fully deployed earning Monitoring Option. The Government's Obligatory, substantial revenue from these centres.Developmental and Empowerment roles can be delivered around this small Population with minimum Revenue earning from Training in New Technologiesinvestment and rather zero Fossil fuel based power

In addition both Urban and Rural Areas provide a consumption. It may also be noted that the Solar Power potential for Technical Internship based revenue Support is in line with the Solar Mission of Government. earning capability.The Transmission Centre must be adequately protected

with Protection gears and UPS Support to ensure Conclusionmaximum availability.

There can be more possibilities for further harnessing Predominantly Business Models in addition to the potential of this new Technology. The Broadcast Governement's Developmental and Empowerment Engineers, the Programmers along with different Models in Urban Areas ministry representatives must explore the possibilities

and harness the full potential of this Technology for the The urban areas which are covered with a cluster of benefit of the people and nation.HPTs and LPT Gap fillers can have a potential for


33

Report on NAB Show New York 2016

Devesh Kumar

34

East Coast. The event was organised by the National Association of Broadcasters and co-located with InfoComm Connections. As per the official release, preliminary registered attendance of 15,404 for the 2016 NAB Show New York. The attendance figure represents a nearly 30 percent increase over 2015 preliminary registered attendance of 12,055. With such a wide participation, the mega event showcases the best in next-generation technology for media, entertainment and telecom professionals with education focused on television, film, satellite, online video, live events, corporate A/V, production and post.The exhibition

The world-renowned National Association of featured 362 companies spanning 63,011 net square feet Broadcasters acquired Content & Communications of exhibit space, a 15 percent increase over the last year World (CCW) in 2014 and in 2015 reintroduced it as i.e. 2015.NAB Show New York. NAB is committed to bring the power, passion and connection of NAB Show to the thriving New York media and entertainment market. The National Association of Broadcasters is the premier advocacy association for America's broadcasters. NAB advances radio and television interests in legislative, regulatory and public affairs. Through advocacy, education and innovation, NAB enables broadcasters to best serve their communities, strengthen their businesses and seize new opportunities in the digital age.

This year NAB Show New York was held on November 9 – 10 at the Javits Convention Center and is the largest The exposition event was organised in pavilions as media, entertainment and technology convention on the given below:

Connected Media/IP – at NAB Show New York was providing facilities to the attendees for interaction to Exhibitors and hear presentations to stay cutting edge and competitive. Keeping up with consumers' evolving demands is tough it helped a lot to answers to hot questions involving IPTV, OTT, mobile, social and cloud.

Drone Pavilion – provided a showcase to see drones fly in a fully enclosed drone cage! The exposure to the advanced cameras, components and talk to experts


35

followed by the sessions like The Evolution of Satellite Technology - Meeting Tomorrow's Broadcasters' Needs, Q&A sessions with Soledad O'Brien, Host of Hearst Television's “Matter of Fact with Soledad O'Brien,” and Gordon H. Smith, NAB President and CEO, Innovation Celebration with Keynote Barry Libert, CEO of Open Matters. The conference provided in depth deliberations on many more topics scheduled for the day.

about the recent laws regarding today's hottest capture technology was available.

Innovation Lab –was a springboard for innovators unleashing real solutions. As the entrepreneurs are one step ahead of evolving market needs. The lab was the pavilion to test-drive products and services for early adopters for next generation tech and gear.

VR Village – provided a hot spot to try out the latest headsets and learn how to shoot with a 360° camera. It was to showcase how this emerging technology can take On 10th November, the key notes were focused on

Basics of Satellite Communications for the Broadcast Industry followed by Keynote Conversation on Keynote: The Rock Stars of the Set, Pathways to the Future - A Dialogue between Today's Industry Leaders and the Promise of the Future. Many sponsored sessions like HDR Acquisition for Cinema and Live Broadcast Sponsored by Panasonic, IP Networking for Studio and Outside Broadcasting Production Applications Sponsored By Sony, Key Trends Driving Investment in the Media Technology Sector were the attractions for the day.

The world's one of the largest event ended with a declaration to see the broadcasters on October 18 and 19

the projects to the next level. Talk to the experts in the in 2017 at the same venue. software and equipment space leading the charge in this new medium impacting all aspects of filmmaking, storytelling, cameras, lighting, sound, production, special effects (VFX), editing, distribution, coding and consumption was the highlights of the pavilion.

Post Production Campus- was especial attraction to the content creators who wanted to get quick hands on education for 30 minutes in audio video Production and post production solution available across the globe.

The conference event was started on 9th November with a Keynote Conversation on Big Sports. Big Events


News FromBroadcasting World

Meenakshi Singhvi

36

Inovonics INOmini 223 Multimode Audio Processor final limiter coupled with overshoot-controlled multi-cutoff output filtering to suit a variety of uses.

Inovonics’ INOmini 223 is an audio processing powerhouse in a deceptively small package. Its versatile The 223 has a very intuitive menu-driven user interface. DSP-based design is user programmable to serve All modes employ protection-limited pre-emphasis and multiple broadcast applications without compromising bandwidth constraint specific to the service selected. any single one. The unit addresses the needs of NRSC- The triband compressor section has selectable turnover compliant AM broadcasting with a range of cutoff frequencies, and a unique ‘smooth vs. loud’ adjustment frequencies. A full-range ‘Studio’ mode satisfies mic gives clear-cut control over program density.processing and general production needs. The INOmini

Features

üIdeal for: US/NRSC AM, Worldwide AM, Shortwave, US/Euro Monaural FM, TIS, and analog SCA.

üEasy menu / jog-wheel setup from the front panel.

üPerforms AGC, 3-Band Compression, Peak Control, and Output Filtering specific to the selected application.

üUser-adjustable compression, EQ, limiting, and 223 features gated and windowed gain-riding AGC, 3 program density.bands of adjustable dynamic range compression with

selectable crossovers and variable EQ, and tight üDSP ‘lookahead’ limiting offers tight peak control ‘lookahead’ peak control. Pre-emphasis, with its own without clipping.protection limiting, and overshootcontrolled output

üUSB connector enables fast firmware updates in the filtering are individually and specifically tailored to the field.service selected.

üHeadphone jackThis versatile, DSP-based INOmini meets multiple broadcast needs. Quick menu-driven, application-

Titus II DRM receiver unveiledspecific setup for: NRSC, European or shortwave AM broadcast; Traveler’s Information Service; monaural During an August meeting of the shortwave group, US or European FM; analog SCA services. 3-band HFCC, the PantronX Titus II Digital Radio Mondiale processing has selectable crossovers, EQ and tight receiver was unveiled.A full software-defined radio limiting with pre-emphasis protection. The DSP-based system that is built within an Android tablet, the Titus II 223 is an addition to the firm’s INOmini line. Features has a 100 kHz–2 GHz receiver onboard and decodes include gated and windowed ‘gain-riding’ AGC, 3-band AM, FM, SSB and DRM natively.compression with adjustable EQ, and a fast ‘lookahead’


37

sustainable. If PSM are not well equipped to deliver quality and value to citizens, their relevance and future are uncertain.”

PSM continue to be a vital component of the European audiovisual industry. PSM income accounts for almost 30% of the industry’s revenue. Furthermore, public service broadcasters are by far the biggest driver of the European production sector with an annual expenditure of EUR 18 billion – significantly more than their commercial counterparts.

The funding of PSM continues to be the subject of Featuring a touchscreen, the receiver uses a ARM Quad-

heated debate. However, Suárez concludes: “We need to Core A53 1.2 GHz processor, 1 GB of RAM and 8 GB of

create a new narrative for PSM. Rather than seeing PSM onboard flash memory. It has a 7-inch TFT display and

as a cost to citizens, it needs to be portrayed as an supports Android 5, 6 or custom remixes.The system

investment that benefits the entire society.”Thanks to also features Filecasting, Wi-Fi capability, 5 W stereo

the values that guide PSM, each euro invested in their audio, an HDMI output and a built-in RF tuner. It can be

work delivers major benefits to the economic, cultural, used as a desktop PC with the addition of a monitor and

educational, technological and democratic wellbeing of keyboard.

society.”

Public Service Media (PSM) are under increasing CRI-China and PBC-Pakistan launch new FM

pressure to deliver more services despite diminishing Radio Channel

resources.China Radio International (CRI) and Pakistan

The EBU’s Media Intelligence Service (MIS) has just Broadcasting Corporation (PBC) jointly launched

published the latest edition of its flagship report on PSM transmission of its FM-98 channel to enhance its access

funding, revealing that total income for PSM has with Pakistani listeners early this month.

decreased by 3.3% in real terms over the last five years.The radio will provide news of Pakistan-China’s interest

‘Funding of PSM 2016’ shows that the growth of most both in English and Urdu. Chinese Ambassador Sun

PSM revenue has been so low that it stands below Weidong in his message on the occasion hoped that

inflation. 25 EBU Members have also seen their budgets Dosti Channel FM-98 would help further strengthening

cut in concrete terms over the last five years, wiping a Pakistan-China all-weather brotherly relations.

total of EUR 1.78 billion from their income.

MIS Head Roberto SuárezCandel says: “PSM across Europe are not always properly funded and many continue to see their revenues being continuously eroded.”

Despite the financial constraints, PSM continue to expand their offer to adapt to new media consumption habits and reach as many citizens as possible. 74 new audiovisual services were launched by EBU Members in 2015 and 97% of Members now have a free catch-up video service.

Suárez continues: “The current situation is not


38

He lauded the contribution of CRI and Radio Pakistan in developing interaction with the cross-section of the people in Pakistan through electronic network. He noted that their reports have always been positive and constructive that proved as a good source developing a favorable public opinion about their bilateral relations.

Bangladesh betar teams up with gatesair for HD Radio rollout

Bangladesh Betar, the only national government broadcaster serving Bangladesh, awarded the contract as the first phase of the GatesAir-supported rollout

expressed their satisfaction in regard to the progress moves forward. GatesAir, a wireless, over-the-air achieved by many ABU member organisations where content delivery solutions provider for radio and TV women are part of their broadcasting strategy.

In her welcoming remarks, the Indonesia Minister of Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection, Mrs YohanaYambise said that today in her country women are playing a major role in the whole process of national development. Her priority is to eliminate all forms of discrimination against women and to help ending violence against both women and children. The minister pointed out that media in Indonesia, especially RRI, the national broadcaster is supporting the authorities in this venture.

The forum consisted of 8 sessions with lots of broadcasters, has won phase two of Bangladesh’s presentations and case studies as well as high level national HD Radio rollout. discussions by various media experts coming from

different parts of the world.The turnkey system comprises two self-contained FM radio stations with high-efficiency GatesAir Flexiva™ Radio Taiwan international tests DRMFAX air-cooled 10kW FM transmitters, antenna

Radio Taiwan International had announced the schedule systems and all auxiliary and support equipment. The of its test broadcasts in Digital Radio Mondiale mode to initial phase, which covers the capital city of Dhaka, India.The tests has taken place over four days from 1 also includes two GatesAir Flexiva FAX 10kW a.m. to 1:15 a.m. in Taiwan, or 5 p.m. to 5:15 p.m. UTC. transmitters and is targeted for completion by the end of Radio Taiwan started the tests on Dec. 4 (Dec. 3 in India) 2016. and concluded on Dec. 7 (Dec. 6).The broadcast

The second phase will cover the heavily populated cities programs were in English and at frequency 6185 kHz, a of Mymensingh and Gopalganj, with an expected on-air 285-degree angle, and 300 kW.date of June 2017. Both projects are especially notable

ITU Announces new standard for High Dynamic as the first HD Radio deployments in South Asia.Range TV

GA 2016: Women with the wave – diversity and HDR-TV will add texture and colour to enhance realisminclusion in the media forum

ITU has announced a new standard for High Dynamic A whole day was dedicated to Gender and Diversity in Range Television that represents a major advance in the Media. Participants at this high level meeting


39

television broadcasting. High Dynamic Range Recommendation also outlines a simple conversion Television (HDR-TV) brings an incredible feeling of process between the two HDR-TV options.realism, building further on the superior colour fidelity

The ITU-R Recommendation BT.2100 also allows TV of ITU’s Ultra-High Definition Television (UHDTV) producers to choose from three levels of detail or Recommendation BT.2020. ITU’s Radiocommuni-resolution: HDTV (1920 by 1080), and UHDTV ‘4K’ (3840 by 2160) and ‘8K’ (7680 by 4320) – all of which use the progressive imaging system with extended colour gamut and range of frame-rates in ITU’s UHDTV Recommendation BT.2020.

EBU Publishes video system requirements beyond HDTV (EBU TR 037)

What alternatives do broadcasters have beyond HDTV? The latest EBU TR 037 highlights the potential format cation Sector (ITU-R) has developed the standard – or for production and distribution beyond HDTV Recommendation – in collaboration with experts from considering that they do not necessarily need to be the the television industry, broadcasting organizations and same. The report defines four profiles - 1080p Advanced regulatory institutions in its Study Group 6.1, 1080p Advanced 2, UHDTV Phase 2a, and UHDTV

The ITU-R UHDTV Recommendation BT.2020, Phase 2b - that are built not only on the scientifically approved in October 2015, represented the continuous evolution of television since it was invented in the 1930s, transforming the dim black and white screen into an ultra-high definition colour picture on large flat panel displays.

This latest ITU-R HDR-TV Recommendation BT.2100 brings a further boost to television images, giving viewers an enhanced visual experience with added realism. The HDR-TV Recommendation allows TV programmes to take full advantage of the new and much brighter display technologies. HDR-TV can make outdoor sunlit scenes appear brighter and more natural, adding highlights and sparkle. It enhances dimly lit interior and night scenes, revealing more detail in darker

proven argument that a simple increase in spatial areas, giving TV producers the ability to reveal texture resolution will not satisfy the quality requirements for and subtle colours that are usually lost with existing the wide adoption of a new television system but also on Standard Dynamic Range TV.the commercial demand from broadcasters across

The HDR-TV Recommendation details two options for Europe. producing High Dynamic Range TV images. The

As a consequence, each profile combines the benefits of Perceptual Quantization (PQ) specification achieves a high dynamic range (HDR) and higher frame rate (HFR) very wide range of brightness levels using a transfer with 1080p or 2160p (4k) resolution. The requirements function that is finely tuned to match the human visual for backward compatibility with legacy systems are also system and the Hybrid Log-Gamma (HLG) discussed for each parameters. specification which offers a degree of compatibility

with legacy displays by more closely matching the Last but not least, the report highlights the need for previously established television transfer curves. The further study on issues such as HDR dynamic metadata


40

in a production workflow, the impact of colour space on a process to share knowledge and bring experts and dynamic conversions to allow broadcasters to make together from around the world to facilitate the fully advised decisions about their next infrastructures introduction of DTT in countries still reliant on and flexible workflows. Best practise guidelines on the analogue TV.operational impact of parameters such as higher

Croatia | Italian interferences causing problems for dynamic range production and higher frame rates from a TV and Radio reception in Croatia, Hakom technical and creative perspective are needed.submitted 680 new complaints.

DTT experts share best practices at ITU WorkshopThe experts from the Croatian Regulatory Authority for N e t w o r k I n d u s t r i e s ( H A K O M ) c a r r i e d outcomprehensive measur ing act iv i t ies of interference’s from neighbouring Italy causing the problems appearing on radio and TV channels.

The activities started in June 2016 and resulted with new 680 complaints. They were submitted to the Italian administration with a request for their removal.

A workshop to discuss and share practical experiences related to DTTB implementation took place successfully at ITU HQ in Geneva on 27 October. Jointly organized by the ITU, the EBU, Broadcast Networks Europe (BNE) and the DVB Project, the workshop focused on licensing and business models, network specifications, quality of service and receiving equipment specifications.

Terrestrial Backbone

Terrestrial television (analogue and DTT) remains the backbone to free-to-air TV access and the most widely used means of receiving television globally, although television programmes are also available on other platforms such as satellite, cable and IPTV.

The workshop was chaired by the EBU’s Marcello The issue was reported to the International

Lombardo, who presented research from IHS indicating Telecommunication Union (ITU), responsible for the

that almost 200 million European households were able implementation of international agreements in the field

to receive DTT in 2015. ”81 million households rely on of electronic communications. The number of

DTT as the main platform to receive TV,” he continued.interference’s and complaints is at the same level as last year and during the past eight years 3.900 complaints Despite the success of DTT, many countries around the have been sent to the Italians.world are yet to complete the digital switchover process.

To help promote the win-win scenario that successful The measuring was conducted along the coast and on the

DTT offers, ITU, EBU, BNE and DVB have embarked islands, from Savudrija in the north to Prevlaka in the


41

south of the Republic of Croatia, where the may become a major game changer, where existing interference’s are strongest. players may need to adopt new roles and completely

new stakeholders enter the scene.The disturbances problem of Croatian radio and television channels by Italian identified interfering The main standardization work is taking place in 3GPP transmitters have been dating for several decades and and the ITU, but the European Commission is also a with the beginning of the transition to digital television significant proponent, committing substantial R&D in northern Italy and commissioning of a new funding and working towards optimal regulatory and international non-compliant transmitter in December market conditions for deployment, which is expected to 2010, the quality of reception of digital television has start around 2020.been further disturbed in the coastal part of Istria.

Get and stay involvedBy further digitization in Italy, by the end of 2010 the

The EBU sees 5G as an opportunity to enable new disturbances had spread to the rest of the Adriatic coast services and establish new business models and is to Prevlaka and the same level of interference’s with supportive of the standardization efforts. EBU Members minor fluctuations have continued to appear for the last are strongly encouraged to get and stay involved in the few years.standardization process, both in 3GPP and ITU. Leading

This year the deadline to remove the interference was in mobile technology vendors and some telecom operators April 2016. At the last meeting of the Cross-border are currently supportive of broadcasters’ requirements, Coordination Working Group, the Italian administration in particular in 3GPP, as they see potential future presented the channel workflow changes through legal business opportunities.regulation and tender which would help to remove

It sets out the technical and non-technical requirements interferences by the end of November 2016.of public service media (PSM) to ensure that 5G

EBU Sees 5G as an opportunity for Public Service technology can deliver both an enhanced user Media experience and value for EBU Members and their

audiences. When PSM providers have to rely on Looking towards 2020 telecom operators for the carriage of their content and

services it will be essential to ensure that the key The vision for 5G is to bring fixed, mobile and satellite requirements are fulfilled and appropriate business networks, together with computing and storage arrangements can be established.resources, into a unified, programmable and universally

available infrastructure. 5G should not be thought of as PSM providers should also investigate the possibility of simply a new wireless communications system. It is in te rconnec t ing the i r own 5G-compat ib le expected to have a fundamental impact on all areas of infrastructure, perhaps using the PSM awarded or telecommunications: technology, services and appointed spectrum. In addition, it is important to seek applications, regulation, and business arrangements. 5G as much harmonization as possible between 5G and

existing media delivery systems (e.g. Digital Terrestrial Television and satellite), in particular on the higher protocol layers.

Technical work needs to be complemented by staying involved in activities at the policy level, the Commission’s 5G Action Plan and in the process of the ongoing review of the EU telecoms regulatory package.



The Govrnment of India decided to expand TV in India in the nature of crash plan and re-employed me as Chief Project Officer in Doordarshan immediately after my retirement as E-in-Chief. AIR in June 1983. The onerous task assigned was to install and commission in a record time by Sept./Oct.’84, 117 low power TV transmitters (100 watts) and 27 high power TV transmitters (10 kW) with associated, towers, antennae and TVRO’s (TV Relayonly Terminals) comprising parabolic dish antenna, LNA, front end converter, etc., for relay of programmes from Delhi. The equipment was to be manufactured indigenously and only critical components were to be imported. As of 1st July, 1983 the public Investment Board (PIB) approval and expenditure sanction had still to be obtained. In other words obtaining sanctions/approvals, placing of orders, manufacture and transport to site of equipments, erection of antenna towers, civil works, installation and commissioning, all had to be done in less than 1-1/2 years. A tall and most challenging order indeed.

The approval of Public Investment Board and expenditure sanction were received towards end of July, 1983. So far only M/s Bharat Electronics Ltd., (BEL)

The project inspite of being a ‘crash’ one was not Bangalore had been supplying the transmitting declared as emergency project. No special powers were equipment to Doordarshan. Since time available was granted, and no formality was bypassed. All the very short, it was decided to divide the orders for procedures had be gone through. The only difference equipment among various Public Sector Undertakings was that processing was done at top speed by all the having capability to make the same. The orders for the Government Departments concerned. For example LPTs with associated antennae were split among M/s. SACFA clearance normally is a lengthy process but in BEL and M/s. Gujarat Communication & Electronics this case bulk clearances were agreed to in just two Ltd. (GCEL), Baroda, for HPTs and their antennae on sittings overruling the routine objections of interference M/s. BEL alone; for TVRO d and associated electronics by Department of Telecommunications and proposed on M/s. BEL & M/s. ECIL, Hyderabad. Order for steel future location of Airports by DGA. Only in a few cases towers for HPTs was placed on another Public Sector there was objection by DGCA or IAF because of the Undertaking M/s. TSL, Naini, Allahabad, while orders height of antenna tower. These were sorted out later at were placed with CCW for locations where RCC towers Secretary’s level. This only shows that “Red-Tape” can were to be erected. The procurement and erection of 100 be cut short if there is a will.ft. masts for LPTs was to be arranged by the respective

Zonal Chief Engineers.

Crash Expansion of Television in India -H.S. Jolly*

The founder president of BES(I), Padamshree HS Jolly had shared his reminiscences with us, which were published in BES Review January-March 2000. As our respects to Shri Jolly, we are reprinting his reminiscences which are of high inspirational value to us all.

*Former Engineer-in-Chief, All India Radio & Doordarshan


centres to be commissioned/inaugurated were made and sent to the Minister about 10 days in advance. Ministry, in turn decided for each centre, which Central Minister will inaugurate, intimate the Chief Minister of the concerned State to depute a Minister to preside over the function, and prepared a list of VIPs for each centre. This was intimated to the concerned Zonal Chief Engineer and Programme Officers to coordinate and finalise the arrangements for respective centres.

As planned the commissioning of the TV Centres started from 1st July 1984 and one new centre was inaugurated every day nonstop till 17th October, 1984. In all about 112 Centres were commissioned nonstop. On 2 or 3

Because of the tight schedule progress meetings were occasions 2 centres and on one occassion even three

held every fortnight regularly. Pert charts were prepared centres were inaugurated on the same day. Late Smt.

for various activities. Public Sector Undertakings were Indira Gandhi, the then Prime Minister, personally

instructed to send their teams abroad for on the spot inaugurated the Centres at Vijaywada, Asansol, and

shopping of critical components required and to bring Varanasi while Shri Rajiv Gandhi inaugurated two

these with them instead of following the usual Centres in Uttarpradesh and Leh and Kargil in Ladakh

procedures. Manufacturers, after firming up of their region of J&K State.

procurement and manufacture schedule, informed that they will start supplying the equipment from 1st of Due to the delayed delivery of equipment it was touch April, 1984. There was however, a large slippage in the and to on number of occasions. Sometime it was due to supply and erection of towers, both steel and RCC, for failure of a truck carrying the equipment or the truck HPT antennae. A conscious decision was therefore being held up inordinately at the inter-State border. At taken that CCW would complkete and hand over the times, some module or equipment failed. There were no functional rooms of the buildings so that the HPTs could spares whatsoever. Staff had to drive overnight 250 to be commissioned on lower power of 1 kilowatt with a 300 moles on a number of occasions with alternative temporary Mast and Antenna which could later on be re- piece of equipment from some other centre and see that utilised for some LPT installation. the concerned centre was inaugurated on the next day as

scheduled. The effort put in by the staff of all the four During the discussions in the Ministry, it was decided

Zonal officers who wee literally on their toes throughout that one centre per day be commissioned nonstop

the period was praiseworthy, Unqualified cooperation instead of commissioning a bunch of transmitters

and support came from all the Zonal Chief Engineers together and then having a gap in between, as it will have

and their staff who vied with eac other to make this a far more impact on the viewers and public at large.

almost impossible task a resounding success. Such was With this in view we kept a lead time of three months to

their enthusiasm that inspite of delay in devlivery of take care of any slippage and scheduled commissioning

equipment by the firms, we used to have a few centres in of Centres from 1st July, 1984. But even this proved in

reserve for last minute substitution if it became practice to be inadequate. The delivery of the equipment

inevitable.was more that two months late than the promised date of 1st April 1984. Inspite of this handicap it was decided to The Government of India, for once, recogzized the work stick to the above schedule. done by Engineers and decorated me with Padamshree

award in Jan’85. I do not consider this award as personal On top of it, the minister of I&B directed that there

but for the whole engineering fraternity of AIR and DD.would be formal inauguration at each Centre. This meant making all the arrangements for the function apart from the commissioning. Based on the receipt of equipments at various centres all over India, reports of which were monitored daily, a weekly schedule of

Late Smt. Indira Gandhi, The then Prime Minister of Indiainaugurating Vijaywada Doordarshan Relay Centre

REPORTREPORT Ahmedabad Chapter A. K. Gupta

44

Lecture on Orthogonal Frequency Division i.e. Digital Terrestrial Transmission as well Digital Multiplexing (OFDM) for Digital Video Radio Mondale used for the long medium and short Broadcasting (DVD) wave bands

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing is a Lecture on Orthogonal Frequency Division form of signal modulation that divides a high data rate Multiplexing (OFDM) for Digital Video modulating stream placing them onto many slowly Broadcasting (DVD) was organized by BES (I) modulated narrowband close-spaced subcarriers, Ahmedabad Chapter on 23 December 2016. The maintaining total data rates similar to conventional lecture was delivered by Prof. S.P. Yadav Senior single-carrier modulation schemes in the same Member IEEE, MIE (I), MIETE, MBES (I) Electrical bandwidth and in this way is less sensitive to and Electronics Engineering, Indus Institute of frequency selective fading. Orthogonal frequency Technology and Engineering, Indus University, division multiplexing has also been adopted for a Ahmedabad.number of broadcast standards from DAB Digital

Shri S K Sninha, Chairman, BES, Ahmedabad Radio to the Digital Video Broadcast standards, DVB.

Chapter welcomed the gathering and briefed about It has also been adopted for other broadcast systems

the achievements of Prof. S.P. Yadav. Shri A.K. Gupta, Hon. Secretary, BES Ahmadabad Chapter highlighted the importance of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing in Digital Terrestrial Transmission and Shri M H Chaudhary, Hon. Treasurer BES Ahmadabad Chapter presented the vote of thanks. The session received an overwhelming response from the members, who actively participated. The above lecture was well attended by BES members, Prasar Bharti engineers, and guests from other engineering organizations, program officers and staff of Doordarshan.

Lecture on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)


REPORTREPORT Thanjavur Chapter A. Chitra

45

BES (I), Thanjavur Chapter along with All India Mahatha Ganthi’s first and last visit to the Akashvani Radio (FM) Karaikal celebrated National Public studios, New Delhi to address the refugees of Indo-Service Broadcasting Day at Agriculture Department Pak division. Shri. D. Senthil kumar, Programme Auditorium at Karaikal, situated at Pondicherry State Head also spoke on the occasion.on 12th November 2016. The function started with

The function followed by Comedy Debate on topic “ prayer song, lighting the lamp, and cultural welcome Is Radio Programmes are used ONLY FOR dance. ENTERTAINMENT or TO BE FOLLOWED IN

The function was presided over by Dr.Nagarajan, LIFE”, headed by the leader (judge) Nagaichuvai Principal, AVC College, Mayiladuthurai, who spoke Imayam Shri. Shanmugavadivel. The event was about the AIR & Doordarshan yeoman services to the attended by BES(I) Thanjavur chapter members and Public, not only eyeing the revenue. Smt. A.Chitra, All India radio, Karaikal Staff members and large Chairperson, BES(I), Thanjavur Chapter, briefed number of Public. All were entertained a lot and about the activates and importance of Broadcast appreciated our chapter to conduct this type of event.Engineering Society and its services to the students

Shri.V.Sivaramakrishnan, HOO, AIR,Karaikal, and Engineering community also briefed about the welcomed the gathering and vote of thanks was given importance of celebrating National Public Service by shri. J.Srinivasan, Secretary, BES(I),Thanjavur Broadcasting Day, recalled about father of our Nation Chapter followed by National Anthem.


RavindraRanjekar

REPORTREPORT Pune Chapter


46

Public Service Broadcaster. She said that these mediums have great reach and her association with Akashvani Pune has been wonderful.

ndThe 2 session of the event was a panel discussion on Role and Impact of Public Service Broadcasing on our society. The panellist were Shri Vishwas Mehandale, Dr. Abhay Jere and Shri Vishram Dhole and the session was moderated by Shri Ashish Bhatnagar, DDG(E), All India Radio, Pune.

Dr. Abhay Jere is Head of Persistant Labs, Persistant Systems Ltd. and has over 17 years of Reseach Experience in the field of Bio Tech, Bio Informatics To commemorate the first and only visit of Mahatma and Health Care Domain. He has great social Gandhi to All India Radio, National Public Service inclination and is involved in the expert panel of PMO Broadcasting Day was celebrated by BES(I) Pune as Swachch Bharat and Health care.Chapter in association with All India Radio, Pune at

Akashvani Auditorium on 12 November 2016. ShriVishram Dhole works at Department of Communication Studies at Pune University. Earlier On this occasion, to increase the awareness of Public he had been associated with Print Media for over 10 Service Broadcasting among the youth and to ensure years and has reported on issues of social relevance their active involvement, a short documentary/feature and electoral reforms.competition was organised. Open entries were invited

in the form of 3-5 minutes short audio visual films, Dr.VishwasMehandale is well known to media emphasising the role and impact of Public Service industry as Senior Media Expert. He started his Broadcasting in India from the youths studying in career as News Reader with All India Radio and later college at Pune.. The competition got over-whelming response from students of Mass Communication Institutes and even from other colleges. The winning teams were awarded with Momentos and Certificate of Appreciation by the hands of Smt. RituChhabriya, Managing Trustee of MukulMadhav Foundation, Pune. Smt. Chhabriya is an eminent personality in the field of social work and is extremely passionate and driven by work. She is also on the board of trustees of “Make-a-Wish” Foundation, India which works towards fulfilling wishes of children suffering from terminal illness. In her inaugural address, she lauded the role of Akashvani and Doordarshan as

Celebration of National Public Service Broadcasting Day


47

his identity flourished as Senior Officer, News The audience thoroughly enjoyed the panel Analyst, Actor and Pioneer of Modern Day discussion which was followed by a Vibrant Doordarshan for more than 20 years. He has also Interactive Session.worked as Director of Cultural Affairs, Government

The event also hadspeechs from Shri Ravindra of Maharashtra, Founder Director of Symbiosis Khasnis, Programme Head, Akashvani, Pune, Shri International Institute of Media Studies, Director of RavindraRanjekar, Hon. Secretary BES(I) Pune EMRC, Pune, Head of Production of FTII, Founder of Chapter and a vote of thanks by Shri Ashok Bhapkar, Media Research Institute E-TV, Hyderabad, Editor of Hon. Treasurer BES(I) Pune Chapter. The function News Papers Tarun Bharat and Aaikya and has been was efficiently conducted by Shri Yogesh Hoshing, on Advisory Board of various prominent national All India Radio, Pune.educational institutes and university.

BES REVIEW, being the only journal in India totally dedicated to Broadcasting, invites

advertisement for publication from the industries serving the broadcast media. The charges are as

given below :

1. Back Cover Colour Rs. 30000/- per issue

2. Inside Back/Front Covers Colour Rs. 25,000/- per issue

3. Inside full page Colour Rs. 20000/- per issue

3. Inside Half page Colour Rs. 12000/- per issue

The charges are for only one issue and the advertiser(s) must send positive of the advertisements along

with requisit fee by Cheque/D.D. drawn in favour of Broadcast Engineering Society (India), payable at

New Delhi to Hon. Secretary, 912, Surya Kiran

Building, 19, K.G. Marg, New Delhi-110001

Broadcast Engineering Society (India)

Advertisement Rates

Corporate MembersCorporate Members

Mem. No. Name Address

1. LCM-01 M/s AKG Acoustics (India) Ltd. Kamal Cinema Building, Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi-110029

2. LCM-02 M/s Telematics Systems Ltd. Mount Poonamallee Road, Nandambakkam, Chennai- 600 089

3. LCM-03 M/s Electronics Corpn.of Tamilnadu Ltd. LLA Buildings, 735, Anna Salai, Chennai- 600 002

4. LCM-04 M/s Hinditron Tektronix Inst.Ltd. No.5, Crescent Road, High Grounds, Bangalore - 560 001

5. LCM-05 M/s Rohde & Schwarz Liaison Office India, 244, Okhla Industrial Estate, Phase-III, New Delhi - 110 020

6. LCM-06 M/s Maharashtra Elects.Corpn.Ltd. D-26, South Extension, Part-I, New Delhi-110049

7. LCM-07 M/s Asea Brown Boveri Ltd. Gurunanak Foundation Building, 15-16, Qutab Institutional Area, New Delhi - 110 067

8. CM-09 M/s Acoustics Engineers 'VASANT' 1286 A, Shivajinagar, Opp.Balgandharava Rangmandir, Pune - 411 005

9. LCM-10 M/s Gujarat Commns. & Elect.Ltd. G.I.D.C Industrial Estate, Makarpura, Vadodara - 390 010

10. LCM-15 M/s Comcon Industries S-54, Functional Industrial, Estate for Electronics, Okhla Phase-II, New Delhi - 110 020

11. LCM-19 M/s Satcom Electronics (P) Ltd. 33, B.R.B. Bose Road, 2nd Floor, Calcutta-700001

12. LCM-21 M/s Army Headquarter Signal Regiment, 1, Army Headquarter, Signal Regiment, Signals Enclave, New Delhi-110010

13. LCM-35 M/s Benchmark Microsystems Pvt. Ltd. No.140,Greater Kailash-I, New Delhi-110048

14. CM-36 M/s Bharat Electronics Ltd Jalahalli, Bangalore-560013

15. CM-25 M/s Visual Tech. India PVT.LTD. A-1, First floor, lajpat Nagar-II, New Delhi-110024.

16. LCM-08 M/s Webel Mediatronics Ltd. P-1, Taratala Road, Calcutta - 700 088

17. LCM-11 M/s Hindustan Photo Films Co.Ltd. Indu Nagar, Ooty, Tamilnadu-643006.

18. LCM-14 M/s Broadcast Equipments(I) P.Ltd. 370-371/2, First Floor, Hospital Road, Jangpura, New Delhi-14

19. LCM-16 M/s R & S Electronics A-1-24, Ghanshyam Ind. Estate, Veera Desai Road, Andheri (West), Mumbai-400053

20. LCM-17 M/s Swati Industries Z-40, Okhala Industrial Area, Phase-II, New Delhi-110020

21. LCM-20 M/s Elect. Corpn. of India Ltd. ECIL Post, Hyderabad-500062

22. LCM-23 M/s BECIL B-1, Sector 31, Noida-201301

23. LCM-24 M/s AVF Distributors (I) PVT. LTD. 208 and 12 jagani Ind. Comp., Near ATI, Chunabhatti, Mumbai-400022.

24. LCM-26 M/s Cinecita Comoptronics Ind. Pvt. Ltd Parijat House 3rd floor, 1076, off. pr. E. moses Road, Worli, Mumbai-400018


Corporate MembersCorporate Members

Mem. No. Name Address

25. LCM-27 M/s Studio Systems Sangeeta Aptts. Bldg. 6-C,Flat No. 5. Ground Floor, Behind Lido Cinema, Juhu Road, Mumbai-400049

26. LCM-28 M/s Canara Lighting Industries Ltd. Bata Compound Khopet, Pokhran Road No. 1, Thane-400601

27. LCM-29 M/s AGIV (India) Pvt. Ltd. SION Chunabhatti Road, Mumbai-400022

28. LCM-30 M/s Doordarshan Doordarshan Bhavan, Copernicus Marg, New Delhi-110001

29. LCM-31 M/s Silicon Graphics Systems (I)(P)Ltd. 228 Udog Vihar Phase-1, Gurgaon

30. LCM-32 M/s Essel Shyam Communication Ltd FC-20, Sector 16 A, Noida-201301

31. LCM-33 M/s All India Radio Directorate General, Akashvani Bhavan, Sansad Marg, New Delhi-1

32. LCM-34 M/s The IEI Delhi State Centre Engineers Bhavan, Bahadur Shar Zafar Marg, New Delhi-2

33. LCM-37 M/s Trans World Radio- South Asia L-15, Green Park, New Delhi-110016

34. LCM-38 M/s Kathrein India Pvt. Ltd. 4-B-4. Industry Manor, 3rd Floor, A.S.M. Marg, Prabha Devi, Mumbai-25.

35. LCM-39 M/s Arraycom (India) Limited B-13, 13/1 & 14, GIDC, Electronics Estate, Sector 25, Gandhinagar, Gujarat

36. LCM-40 M/s Sun Broadcast Equipments Pvt. Ltd. 3/31, 3rd Floor, West Patel Nagar, New Delhi-110008

37. LCM-41 M/s Diksaat Transworld Ltd. No. 12, Balia Avenue, Luz Mylapore, Chennai-600004

38. LCM-42 M/s Qualcomm India Pvt. Ltd. 3rd Floor, DLF Centre, Sansad Marg, New Delhi-110001

44. LCM-48 M/s. Harman International India Pvt. Ltd. RMZ, Ecospace, 3B, 301, Sarhapura Ring Road, Bengaluru-560103, Karnataka

45. LCM-49 M/s. Semyung India Enterprises Pvt. Ltd. Plot No: 131, 1st street, VGP Selva nagar Extn. Velachery- 600 042, Tamilnadu

46. LCM-50 M/s. Sinclair Broadcast Group 10706, Beaver Dam Road,Hunt Valley, MD 21030, USA 55

39. LCM-43 M/s. Monarch Computers Pvt. Ltd. Monarch House, Royal Palms, Aarey Milk Colony, Goregaon (E) Mumbai-400065

40. LCM-44 M/s. Setron India Private Limited E-2 Greater Kailash Enclave-1 New Delhi-110048

41. LCM-45 M/s. Global Institute of Technology ITS-1&2, IT Park, EPIP, Sitapura, Jaipur, Rajasthan-302022

42. LCM-46 M/s. Institute of Management Studies A-8B IMS Campus Sector-62 Noida Uttar Pradesh-201303

43. LCM-47 M/s. A. V. Institute of Technology Vinayaka Mission University OMR, Vinayaka Nagar, Paiyanoor, Tamilnadu-603104


BES EXPO 2017

Conference Chairman : Mr. Shashikant

CONFERENCE PROGRAMME

2nd February 2017 (Thursdays)

THEME: HYBRID TECHNOLOGIES IN BROADCASTING - NEW OPPORTUNITIES

3rd February 2017 (Friday)

3rd February 2017 (Friday)

4th February 2017 (Saturday)


50

Session I, 0930 Hrs to 1100 Hrs

OTT Technologies - Strategies for BroadcastersChair Person- Mr. Mohan Tambai, C-DAC, India

1. Software - Virtualized - All IP HeadendMr. Femin John, Technical Account Director –APAC, ATEME France

2. OTT in the Indian Media Market Place: A PerspectiveMr. Sharad Sadhu, Media Specialist, Former Director Technology, ABU

3. Innovations in Workflow ManagementDavid Abel, Sales Director, Tedial

4. Delivering Enhanced Audio for OTT ServicesShah Jayant, Director – Solutions Engineering, Emerging Markets - Dolby

Session II, 1130 Hrs to 1300 Hrs

Digital Terrestrial TV Transmission (DTT) : Emerging ScenarioChair Person& Key note speaker- Dr. Peter Siebert, Executive Director,

DVB Project, Geneva, Switzerland

Guest Speaker- Mrs. SupriyaSahu, Director General, Doordarshan

DTT and delivery of media to mobile devicesMr. Prasanna Meemaduma, System Sales Manager - Broadcast & Defence Solutions, Radio Frequency Systems, Australia

2. Single Illumination –How to combine DTH distribution andDTT contributionMr. Eric Deniau, Enensys

3. Digital TV to Wi Fi

Session III, 1500 Hrs to 1630 Hrs

Digital India- Enabling technologies for broadcastersChair Person- Mr. Amitabh Kumar, Zee Entertainment Enterprises Ltd, India

1. Establishing a Hybrid Cloud Ecosystem for Content ArchiveMr.Craig Bungay, Regional Sales Director for Europe and South Africa,Development and Alliances Spectra Logic, UK

1.

VP Operations & Innovation,

Frank W. Massa, International Sales Manager, Anywave Communications

2. Need based innovations to make set top box intelligent like any other digital platformsMr Shabir Momin, Zenga Media and One Digital Entertainment

3. Remote production Technology over IPMr. Rainer Kunzi, LAWO,Germany

4. Evolving Television Broadcast Architectures in a Wireless, Mobile IP WorldMr. MARK AITKEN, VP of Advanced Technology,Sinclair Broadcast Group

5. World Experience and Lessons in Digital Radio ImplementationMr. Alexander Zink, Vice-Chairman DRM Consortium, Fraunbhofer Iis

Session I, 0930 Hrs. to 1100 Hrs.

Technological Trends & Challenges 4K/8K UHD Chair Person- Mr. Amal Punchihewa, ABU Technical Director

1. UHD and HDR in DVB broadcastDr. Peter Siebert, Executive Director, DVB Project, Geneva, Switzerland

2. The Future of (Broadcast) TelevisionMr. Jan Eveleens, Axon CEO

3. 4K/8K UHD: The New RealityMr. Rajdeep Singh Gohil, Sales Director, Asia Satellite Telecommunication Company Ltd.

4. Baseband to IP Studio to Virtualization and Next generation 4K/8K networksEbby John, Sales Director, Nevion, Middle East

Session II, 1130 Hrs to 1300 Hrs

Digital Radio Broadcasting: Emerging TrendsChair Person- F. Sheheryar, Director General, All India Radio

1. Virtualization in Broadcast: General Approach &broadcast automation solutionsMr. Mus REZZOUG, International Business Development, ENCO Systems, Inc.

2. Saving Spectrum with Synchronous FM TechnologyMr. Herman Zensen, DIGIDIA, France

3. Digital Data Communication via Shortwave: Future Opportunities” Dr. Simon Keens, Ampegon AG, Switzerland

4. Digital Radio - World ScenariosMr. Ruxandra Obreja - DRM

Session III, 1500 Hrs to 1630 Hrs

Role of regulation in digital broadcasting era: way forwardChair Person- S.K. Gupta,Principal Advisor, TRAI

1. Broadcasting Scenario in India and evolving trendsMr. Mihir Shah, Vice President, Media Partners Asia

2. Audience dynamics and consumption trendsMr. Partho Das Gupta, CEO BARC

3. Regulatory challenges in Digital EraMr. Sunil K Singhal, Advisor (B&CS), TRAI

4. Broadcasting platforms and policy challengesProf. M. Kasim, Advisor (B&CS), TRAI

Inauguration 0930 to 1200Hrs

Key Note -

Disruptive Broadcast Broadband Solutions for Digital India

Hybrid Technologies in Broadcasting - New OpportunitiesMr. Amal Punchihewa, ABU Technical Director

Tutorial session 1330 -1600 Hrs

Disruptive Broadcast Broadband Solutions for Digital IndiaChair Person - Mr. CBS Maurya, Engineer-in-Chief, Doordarshan, India

I) India's Broadcast & Satellite Market Dynamics Mr. PrashantButani Senior Sales Director, South Asia, MEASAT

II)

1. New and Developing Digital PlatformsMr. Mark Aitken, VP, Advanced Technology, Sinclair Broadcast Group

2. Cloud DTT BroadcastingMr. Deepak Das, Sr. Director (Engg), Federated Wireless

3. Triple Play Broadcast + Broadband + Voice for Digital IndiaMr. Parag Naik, CEO, Saankhya Labs

4. India Can Lead Broadcast-Broadband ConvergenceMr. SeshSimha, Sr. Director of Advanced Projects, ONE Media

,

List of Exhibiting Companies

Sl. No. Company Stall No. Sl. No. Company Stall No.

1 AGIV India 05 to 07 24 Karthavya 52

2 ATC Labs 20 & 21 25 Katyayani 69

3 Advanced Telemedia 45 26 Mahabali 49 & 50

4 Agmatel 22 27 Mark Integration 59

5 Ameet Broadcasters 46 28 Media Centre 71

6 Aveco 47 29 Mediaguru 60

7 B & T Group 24 to 26 30 Pranav Mediatech 42

8 B.E. 63 31 Prasar Bharati 01 to 04

9 BECIL 70 32 QC Spectra Logic 13

10 B & C 19 33 RFS India Telecom 68

11 B V P 18 34 Real Image 17

12 CDM Technologies 51 35 Satcom Elektronics 48

13 Canara Lighting 53 36 Satellite@Internet 66A

14 Cat-5 Broadcast 37 37 Sconce Global 67

15. Compatible 34 38. Semyung 38

16 Cineom Broadcast 31 39 Servokon 29

17 Client Linx 36 40 Shaf Broadcast 58

18 Comcon Technologies 27 & 28 41 Sony 61

19 Comrex 63 42 Technomedia 63

20 Digigram 63 43 Transs Techno 11

21 Digital Studio 66 44 Visual Technologies 62

22 Falcon Technologies 64 45 Worldcast 41

23 Inovonics 23

BES EXPO 2017

(as on 15th January 2017)


51

OBITUARY

52

Padma Shri H.S. Jolly Former Engineer-in-Chief, AIR & DD breathed his last on 07.01.2017 at his residence 1/1, Kalka Ji Extn. New Delhi. He was more than 92 years.

As Shri HS Jolly had started his career in broadcasting from All India Radio Mumbai in 1946. He worked in various capacities in AIR & Doordarshan and rose to the position of Engineer-in-Chief. After retirement in June 1983, Sh. Jolly was given a special assignment as Chief Project Officer in Doordarshan with an onerous task of installing 117 transmitters by Sept. / October 1984. History in the field of TV transmitter installation in the world was created as from 1st July 1984, the commissioning of TV transmitters started and one new centre was inaugurated every day till Oct. 1984, i.e. A transmitter a Day. Government of India recognized the work and decorated Sh. H.S.

Jolly with 'Padma Shri' in January 1985, which he graciously considers as an award for whole engineering fraternity.

Shri Jolly has been first President of Broadcast Engineering Society (India) from 1989 to 1991 and associated with BES (I) on various capacities to uplift the Broadcast Engineering Society (India). He had been awarded by Life Time Achievement Award of BES (I). Shri Jolly is known for his exemplary leadership qualities, honesty and upright approach.

Cruel hands of destiny has snatched away from us, one of our brilliant, energetic young officer, Life Fellow, BES(I) and former Council member Shri Neeraj Goel in a road accident near his home at Merrut on 31.10.2016.

Neeraj Goel was working Dy. Director General (E), Studio Maintenance Section at Akashvani Directorate, New Delhi. He had earlier worked at various sections of Directorate - M&C Section, IT Division etc. and had left a mark every where. He was Dy. Director General(E) of Radio Kashmir, Srinagar during the devastating floods of 2015 and had handled the situation bravely.

An officer of year 88 batch of IBES, Neeraj was full of life and vigour. He was a product of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantanagar and was just 49 year old. His demise

has shaken us all and has created a big vacuum at office and at home. He has left behind two daughters, wife and old mother. He was not just the pillar for his family but also for his four sisters.

Shri SK Deb, Life Fellow, BES(I) and Dy. Director(E), AIR & Doordarshan expired on 9th November 2016 due to massive heart attack. He was 58. He was working at O/o Additional Director General(E), AIR & DD, Kolkata. Shri Deb had joined in North Zone at Allahbad and has worked at North Zone and North East Zone too.

Shri Anand Behari Mathur, Life Fellow, BES(I) and former Chief Engineer, All India Radio left for his heavenly abode on 28th November, 2016. The prayer meeting was held on, Wednesday, the 30th November in the Lawn of Konark Apartments, 22, I.P.Extension, Delhi-92.

Shri AB Mathur was a very dynamic IBES officer and was very active for the welfare of the engineering fraternity. He also acted as President of IBES Association in late 90s.

Broadcast Engineering Society (India) prays to the almightiy for the peace of the departed souls and strength to the bereaved families.


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