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Presentationon

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CONCEPT OF GROUP DYNAMICS It was founded by Kurt Lewin to study group decision, group

productivity, group interaction, group cohesiveness and group

communication. .Group dynamics contains two terms: group and dynamics.

Group is basically a collectivity of two or more persons.

Dynamics comes from Greek word meaning FORCE.

Thus, Group dynamics is concerned with the interactions of

forces among group members in a social situation .

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Types of group

Group

Formal Informal

Task

Command Interest

Friendship

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Why do people Join group??

The people often join groups since the groups give the members a stability and

enhances their achievement capacity. The main reasons to join a group are:

Have a sense of securityHave a status

Develop Self-esteem

Power

Goal achievement

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Group structure

Four different aspects of group structure are: Norms

Roles

Status

Cohesiveness

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Group norms

Set of beliefs, feelings, and attitudes commonly shared bygroup members. These are also referred to as rules or standardsof behavior that apply to group members. Norms serve three

functions namely

Predictive- basis for understandingthe behaviour of others

Relational- some normsdefine relationships

Control- regulate thebehaviour of others

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Group norms Characteristics

Represents characteristics of group

Basis for predicting and controlling behaviour of others Related to behaviours considered important for their grp

They are applied to all memebrs.

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Role

-various parts played by group members.

There are two elements that define this role identity-

Role Perception-An individual is expected to behave

according to his own perception in the group.

Role Expectation-It is defined as how others believe one

should behave in a given situation.

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Status

Status is a socially defined position or rank given to groups or group

members by others. Group members get high status or low status in the

Group based on their authority and performance.

High status members of the group have more freedom to deviate

from the norms. This facility enables them to have the discriminatory

powers in decision making. Low status members of the group should not

have freedom to deviate from the norms as it leads to status inequality.

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Group Cohesiveness

COHESION

SOCIAL TASK

the bonds of interpersonalattraction that link

group members

the way in which skills andabilities of the groupmembers mesh to allow

optimal performance

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GROUP COHESIVENESS ,PRODUCTIVITY VS PERFORMANCE

HIGHPRODUCTIVITY

HIGH LOW

COHESIVENESS

MODERATEPRODUCTIVITY

LOWPRODUCTIVITY

MODERATE TOLOW

PRODUCTIVITY L O W

H I G H

P E R F O R M A N C E N O R M S

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Results

Who won, and why?

Did your group act like this Or like this?

Groups with High Cohesiveness Get Better Results!

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High Cohesiveness- Unity- Interactive- Positive Feelings

- Ability to Cope with Problems- More Productive

Low Cohesiveness - Negative Feelings- More Problems- Less Productivy

Importance of High Cohesiveness

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STAGES OF GROUP FORMATION

Membersget to know

each other &

set groundrules

Memberscome to

ResistControl by

group

Leaders &Showhostility

MembersWork

Togetherdeveloping

CloseRelationships

& feelings ofCohesiveness

Group

membersworktowardsGetting

their jobsdone

Groupmay

disband

eitherafter

meetingtheir goalsor becausemembers

Leave

Stage IForming

Stage IIStorming

Stage IIINorming

Stage IVPerforming

Stage VAdjourning

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PRINCIPLES OF THE GROUP DYNAMICS

1 . The members of the group must have a strong sense of

belonging to the group .The barrier between the leaders and to

be led must be broken down.

2. The more attraction a group is to its members, the greater

influence it would exercise on its members.

3. The grater the prestige of the group member in the eyes of

the member in the eyes of the members , the grater influence

he would exercise on the theme .

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Cont

4.The successful efforts to change individuals sub parts of the

group would result in making them confirm to the norms of

the group.

5. The pressures for change when strong can be established in

the group by creating a shared perception by the members for

the need for the change.

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FEATURES OF GROUP DYNAMICS

Concerned with group

Changes

Rigidity or flexibility

Continuous process

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CONCLUSION:

The groups operate on a common task and common attitudes. The

group dynamics is concerned with the interaction between the group

members in a social situation. This is concerned with the gaining in the

knowledge of the group, how they develop and their effect on theindividual members and the organization in which they function.

The group dynamics is essential to study since it helps to find

how the relationships are made within a group and how the forces act

within the group members in a social setting. This helps to recognize the

formation of group and how a group should be organized, lead and

promoted.

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Case study In 1980 , Richard semler joined SEMCO , founded by his father 27 years

earlier, having 100 employees and manufacturing hydraulic pumps forships, producing about $4million in revenue and tottered on the edge of

bankruptcy. For the next 2 years, top managers constantly sought bank loans and fought

off rumors that the company was about to sink. They also travelled 4 continents that enabled the company to reduce its

cyclical marine business to 60% of total sales. Today SEMCO has many factories producing range of products like

marine pumps, digital scanners, commercial dishwashers, truck filters andmixing equipment for substances ranging from bubble gum to rocket fuel. Customers include Alcoa,saab,general motors and SEMCO is regarded as

one of the best company in Brazil to work for by press.

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Factors contributed to the successof SEMCOs

work groups have access to important information like Balance Sheet,P&L analysis,cash flow statements for his or her division every month.

All workers voluntarily attend monthly classes so that they can learn to read andunderstand the numbers.

Another factor is that although top level managers are strict about meeting the financialtargets, workers have wide latitude in determining the necessary actions and carryingthem out.

Profit sharing plan, twice a year employees receive about 25% of the after tax profits fortheir division.

Employees vote on how to disburse the funds, which are visually distributed equally.

A survey was conducted by college graduates by Brazilian magazine found that 25% ofmen and 13% of women cited SEMCO as the company they most wanted to work for.

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