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Group Dynamics

Group-A group is defined as a social unitconsisting of two or more interdependent,

interactive people striving for common goals.

Group Dynamics-A Social process by which

people interact face to face in small group iscalled group Dynamics.

Group Dynamics refers to the study of forcesoperating within a group.

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Why people join groups?

To facilitate learning.

To exercise influence over environment.

To enhance their effectiveness. Because of the belief that groups will be

helpful in achieving some of their goals.

To feel secure, to satisfy need.

To keep themselves motivated.

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Functions of groups

Generating new ideas or creative solutions tosolve problems

Serving association among several work

groups Facilitating the implementation of complex

decisions

Serving as a vehicle for training newemployees

Working on complex and independent task.

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5 Tuckmans Five-Stage Theoryof Group Development

PerformingAdjourning

Norming

Storming

Forming

Return toIndependence

Dependence/interdependence

Independence

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6 Tuckmans Five-Stage Theoryof Group Development (continued)

Individual

Issues

Forming Storming Norming Performing

How do I fit

in?

Whats my

role here?

What do theothers expectme to do?

How can I bestperform myrole?

Group

Issues

Why are we

here?

Why are wefighting over

whos incharge and whodoes what?

Can we agreeon roles and

work as ateam?

Can we do the

job properly?

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Stages Forming-they become familiar with each other

and they are testing the waters.This stagecomplete when members have began to think ofthemselve as Part of a group.

Storming-tension between group members (who

will control the group what would be thehierarchy of leadership with the group.

Norming-Harmony develops norms areestablished-close relationships are developed andstrong sense of group identity.This stage iscomplete when the group structure solidifies.

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Performing-(Relationship are stabilized.)

The structure of the group is fully functional andaccepted.The group finally settles down to

complete its assigned task.

Adjourning-(Disengagement)Termination of work behaviour.Attention is

directed towards wrapping up the activities.

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Types of groups

Formal group and informal group

Primary and secondary group

Membership group and reference group In group and out group.

Command group and task group.

Open group and closed group.

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Formal Group Informal Group

Origin Deliberately Structured to

serve the organizational goals

It is emerged spontaneously

Activities The manager decides aboutthe activities of each group

Member themselves develop theiractivities

Purpose Serve organisation Social Satisfaction

Authority Authority is given by the

organization

Authority is earned from the

members

Communicati

on

Chain of command No chain of command

Size Large Small

Control Behaviour is controlled by

predetermined rules and

regulations

Behaviour is controlled through

common norms values and beliefs

of the groups.

Sanction to

members

Members are rewarded and

punished for the work done

Members are recognized through

non fanancial rewards and

punishments in terms of feelings

status and prestige.

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Primary group & Secondary group

Primary groups are those in which

interpersonal relationship take place on a face

to face basis and great frequency.

Secondary groups are likely to be more

impersonal and more characterized by

formalized or contractual relationships among

members.

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Membership group and Reference

group

Membership groups are formed formally and

informally through membership cards or

certificates.

Reference group is one in which individuals

would like to belong or to identify

themselves.the reference group values and

opinions are important to the individual.

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In group and out group

The group to which we belong are IN group

and which we not belong to are outgroup.

Open and Closed group

An open group is constantly adding and losingmembers where the membership is stable in

closed group.

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Types of formal groups

Permanent and temporary group

Command group(Determined by the organisationalchart.)

Functional group(is to carry out specific operations)

Team group(no Fixed role to its individual,Roles areinterchangable)

Task group(Complete a job)

Technological group (Role is assigned by management.Theposition of the job is fixed,methods are laid down and timeis also fixed.)

Status group(Members of the same status in theorganisation)

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Types of Informal groups

Cliques(Small) Vertical Cliques

Horizontal Cliques

Random or mixed cliques

Subcliques(The group consist of some members of a cliquesinside the organisation along with some other personoutside the clique.

Isolates-A individual who is not a memebr of any group is

called as isolate. Interest group-(Common Interest)

Friendship group(Common characteristics)