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Under the supervision of: Dr. Richa K. TyagiAsst. ProfessorBBAU, Lucknow
Presented by:Lhaihoichong SingsonMsc 4th semesterRoll No- 1169BBAU, Lucknow
Think Globally and Act Locally……..
Objectives……
Identification of wastes sources from the selected site
Preparation of questionnaire and data collection according to the waste sources.
Assessing the appropriateness of implementing an alternative clean energy sources as per the data collected.
Lucknow zoo’s profile
Popularly known as : Prince of Wales Zoological Gardens Location : At the heart of the city Born on : 1921 Area : 71.6 hactares Status (CZA) : Large zoo Possessions : 468 mammals, 100 birds, 378 reptiles Speciality : Swamp Deer, Black Buck, Hog Deer
Barking Deer, White Tiger , Himalayan black bear, Indian wolf, great pied hornbill etc.
Uniqueness : First zoo in India to implement Solar energy within the whole zoo premises.
Other attractions : Aquarium, Nocturnal house, Museum, Nature Interpretation Center, Toy train & Vintage train.
A glimpse of Lucknow zo
o…
Museum, Indian Aircraft, Botanical garden, Toy
train, Vintage train and historical monument
Questionnaire Report • Data has been collected in the form of questionnaires which is
categorized as i. Animal wastesii. Biomass wastes, and iii.Anthropogenic wastes • To know more about the technical management of solid waste
generated in the zoo.• To estimate how much wastes is produced at the end of the day,
how it is managed and utilized for the development of the zoo.• From the data collected through questionnaires, assessment is
done by providing suggestive measures in terms of alternative energy sources for waste management to create a cleaner & healthy environment without causing pollution.
Animal wastes Biomass wastes Anthropogenic waste1. What is the total strength of the animals in the zoo?
1. Name the different plant species found in the zoo premises.
1. What is the estimated number of visitors per day?
2. From which category/ family do they belong?
2. What is the approximate number of trees planted?
2. What steps are taken for degradable type of waste and how much quantity of waste is generated per day?
3. What is the total number of each family?Mammals/Reptiles/Birds
3.Which plant category is given preference?Herbs/Shrubs/Trees
3. How much amount of waste is generated ,Paper/Polythene/Plastic bottles?
4. How much waste is generated byLarge animals/Small animals per day?
4.Is the trees planted in the zoo, sufficient or less?
4. Which category of visitors are more in number,Adult/Children?
5. How much amount of waste is generated by one animal in a day?
5. Do they have any value added products? If yes, which type?
5. In which season canteen’s waste is generated more?
6. Where are the wastes dumped?
6. What is the total area of zoo? 6. In which season is the visitors’ rate high,Summer/winter?
7. How are these waste utilized? 7. How much biomass waste is generated?
7. What are the different types of waste is generated from canteen?
8. What are the conventional methods used by the Lucknow Zoo Authority for the animal waste management?
8. How is the generated biomass waste utilized for the zoo management?
8. Which type of waste is generated mostly by the visitors? Is it degradable/ Non-degradable?
9. What are the different types of benefits obtained from the waste generated?
9. What are the benefits obtained from these plants species?
9. What are the steps taken for non-degradable type waste and how much quantity of waste is generated?
10.Are they useful for the zoo management?
10. What are the steps taken to manage the biomass waste?
10. What steps are taken by the concern Authority to remediate the canteen waste?
11. Are the benefits obtained from the waste management exceeding the negative impact caused by it?
12. What are the different modern methods practiced for solid waste management?
Potential alternative approaches for utilization of waste materials
Animal & biomass wastes are both organic in nature and can be manage using various methods such as-
i). Biological conversion Anaerobic digestion Bio-hydrogen Plant productionii). Thermo-chemical Conversion (TCC) Pyrolysis & Bio-char production
Contd……
Direct liquefaction Dry gasification• Anthropogenic wastes can be either degradable or non-
degradable. Degradable wastes can be treated alongwith the organic wastes while for non-degradable wastes, the various methods can be applied as given below
Incineration Gasification Pyrolysis Recycling Sanitary landfilling
The other sight of Lucknow zoo…
Improper dumping sites of wastes in the zoo
premises…..
Conversion platforms for animal &biomass waste-to-energy
Biological platforms
Animal & Biomass waste
Thermo-chemical conversion
Fuels: Heat & Power; Chemical
Intermediates
Vermicasting bin
Flow diagram of anaerobic digestion process & end points of products
Organic waste
Homogenization tank
Anaerobic digester
Solid-liquid separation
Liquid
solidsComposte
r Composti
ng
Irrigation
Biogas CH4, CO2, minor
gases
Engine/Generator/Boiler
Heat & Electricity
Main thermo chemical processes, their intermediate products & end use
Organic waste
Pretreatment/Homogenization
Gasification
Direct Liquefaction Pyrolysis Combustion
CH4,CO2,minor gases
Bio-oil Char/Charcoal
Turbine/engine/boiler
Bioenergy
feedstock
Fuel oil
Soil Amendme
nt
Heat & Electricity
Modern Landfill
Table 1: Composition of fresh animal wastes in the zooTable 2: Approximate product & composition of biomass
wastes in the zoo
Name of animals
No. of animals Wastes generated per
day
1. Himalayan black bear
3 1 lbsx3 (1kg= 2.2lbs)
2. Sloth bear 3 1 lbsx3
3. Giraffe 2 5 lbsx2
4. Rhinoceros 1 1000 lbsx1
5. Swamp deer
57 3.5kg
6. Barking deer
23 3.5kg
7. Hog deer 30 3.5kg
8. Samber deer
15 3.5kg
9. Spotted deer
198 3.5kg
10. Rabbit 10 2.8kg
Zebra 3 kg
Tiger 5 kg
Lion 2 kg
Hyaena 9 kg
Wolf Indian 5 kg
Jackal 2 kg
Monkey 20 kg
Leopard 11 kg
Total 399 kg
Sources Composition
1. Twigs Approx. 2kg/day
2. Dry leaves Approx. 3.5-4.0kg/day
Total Approx.6.5-7.0kg/day
Evaluation Total amount of waste generated per day = Dry biomass weight = () x 20/100 = 1kg of dry biomass generates 65 liter of biogas Hence, ()kg of dry biomass generates = 65 x () liter
Conclusion Wastes management is considered highly important
sustainability issues for zoos as it is one of the main sources of wastes.
It can be managed using the 3 ‘R’s principle (reduce, re-use & recycle).
From the three sources of wastes found in the zoo premises, animal & biomass wastes are more focused for waste management as most of the waste are derived from these two sources.
They are also completely organic in nature. Besides numerous benefits derived from proper waste
management such as organic fertilizers, feeds for animals, etc. Clean energy can also be obtained to substitute fossil fuel
Future Recommendations
The 3 ‘R’s principle should be strictly implemented. Research should be done to control nutrient loses from animal
wastes, to design & develop eco-friendly equipments, to combat intolerable & unhealthy odor.
Awareness regarding potentialities of wastes should be made known to the students through lab work so that work on waste management can be effectively carried out.
THANK YOU….