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ST PAULS HIGH SCHOOL PE DPARTMENT

GYMNASTICS

PHYSICAL EDUCATION

NAT 4/5

NAME_________________________________________________

TEACHER_____________________________CLASS______________

National 4/5 Gymnastics Booklet

Outcome 1During this block you will need to demonstrate knowledge of the factors that impact on performance in physical activities by:

1.1 Describe a method used to identify factors impacting on performance.

(What method(s) did you use to analyse physical, skill-related and mental aspects of fitness required for gymnastics?)

1.2 Describe the impact of two factors on performance.

(How does physical, skill- related and mental fitness affect your performance in gymnastics?)

1.3 Identify a factor that affects performance and describe an approach to develop this.

(What aspects of fitness is your main weakness and how could you train to improve it?)

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1.1 Types and aspects of fitness

During your football, you analysed the effect of physical and skill-related fitness on your performance. In gymnastics you will go through the same process but also look at the impact of mental fitness.

Remember, fitness is the ability to meet the demands of the activity and the environment in which you are participating. To say that someone is fit is too general a term. When we look at fitness for effective performance in activities we see it is much more specific and covers a wide range of different aspects. In order to perform effectively in any activity there are 3 types of fitness.

If any one type of fitness is lacking then your performance will not be fully effective.

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1.1 Aspects of fitnessThe two main areas of fitness we will look at for gymnastics are physical and mental fitness. Each type of fitness has several aspects of fitness with in it.

TASK 1Complete the table below by writing the aspects of fitness mentioned by your teacher.

1.1 Aspects of fitness- 4 -

3 TYPES OF FITNESS

PHYSICAL FITNESS SKILL- RELATED FITNESS MENTAL FITNESS


TASK 2

1 Use gymnastics.2 From the list of fitness aspects (below) select those that you think

are needed for successful performance in gymnastics.3 Place the selected aspects in the boxes on the outer edge of the

blank profile (below).4 Shade the profile to show the relative importance of each fitness

component for success in the selected sport. (Where 1 is not important and 10 is very important.)

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Cardio Respiratory Endurance Confidence

AgilityPowerSpeed

FlexibilityMuscular Endurance

ConcentrationBalance

Managing EmotionsCoordinationRehearsalStrength

Reaction TimeMotivation


1.1 Analysing DataYour level of fitness is a major factor that affects your performance. If you struggle with particular aspects of fitness then you will struggle to perform some gymnastics moves.

This will limit the number of skills you can perform which will affect your ability to plan and perform a gymnastics routine.

You will now analyse some of the aspects of Mental and Physical fitness that are essential to a gymnast and will be able to identify whether or not these aspects are positively or negatively impacting on your performance.

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Method for Gathering Data within the Activity – OBSERVATION SHEET

Your mental fitness plays a big factor that can impact on your performance, it can have as much of an influence over your abilities as physical or skill-related fitness; if not more.

If any of you have ever felt butterflies in your stomach, loss of confidence, negative thoughts, played it ‘safe’ or forgotten a routine before or during a performance then you will know just how much mental fitness can affect your performance. Poor mental fitness and in particular concentration and not managing anxiety means you can seriously underperform.

Managing emotions covers a number of mental aspects of fitness for example, controlling anxiety and remaining confident.

CONFIDENCE (in a sporting context) ‘Is the ability to perform without fear of making mistakes and without fear of people judging you; to have total belief in your abilities.’

CONCENTRATION ‘Is the ability to remain focused on a task.’

How much does your mental fitness affect your performance? Let’s find out.

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1.1TASKWhilst performing a gymnastics routine, a friend will record the following information which will give you information on your concentration and confidence and how it affects your performance:-

Observation sheet on Mental Fitness

Tick where appropriate if you see the performer do any of the following:

Stops

to think

Giggling or laughing during

performance

Mistake made

Carries Stops

on &

laughs

Holds start and

finish position

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TOTAL

Analyse and discuss the results with your partner and with your teacher. What do you think your observation sheet tells you about your mental fitness?

Comment

Method for Gathering Data within the Activity – OBSERVATION SHEET

OBSERVATION SHEET 2

FLEXIBILITIY: - ‘The range of movement across a joint.’

The following analysis sheet can be used to identify flexibility as a strength or weakness in your performance. Perform each move five times for your partner to be able to assess you.Get your partner to place a tick under the traffic light that they feel best describes how well you performed.

Gymnastics moves that require flexibility

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COMMENT BOX


Straddle roll

Bridge

Comment

OBSERVATION SHEET 3

BALANCE: – ‘The ability to retain your centre of gravity over your base of support.’

The following analysis sheet can be used to identify balance as a weakness in your performance. Perform each move five times for your partner to be able to assess you.Get your partner to place a tick under the traffic light that they feel best describes how well you performed.

Gymnastics moves that require balance

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Poor flexibility is negatively impacting on my skill(s). OT OF

IMPROVEMENT

My flexibility could be better. PERFORM

Good flexibility is positively impacting on my skill(s).

COMMENT BOX


Arabesque

Beam walk

Knee stand

Comment

OBSERVATION SHEET 4

STRENGTH: – ‘The maximum amount of force a muscle or group of muscles can exert in a single effort.’

The following analysis sheet can be used to identify physical strength as a strength or weakness in your performance. Perform each move five times for your partner to be able to assess you (be sure to fully recover between each attempt).Get your partner to place a tick under the traffic light that they feel best describes how well you performed.

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Poor balance is negatively impacting on my skill(s). OT A

My balance could be better. PERFORM

Good balance is positively impacting on my skill(s).

COMMENT BOX


Gymnastics moves that require upper body strengthHandstand

Headstand

Monkeystand

Comment

1.1 GATHERING DATA OUT-WITH THE ACTIVITY

You have analysed the impact of strength, balance and flexibility within gymnastics, now you will test these aspects of fitness using standardised tests. This will give you a score that you can compare with national averages and will also let you know how much of a strength or a weakness an aspect of fitness is.

TEST 1 – Flexibility: Sit and Reach Test

The objective of the test is to reach up the board as far as possible.- 12 -

Poor strength is negatively impacting on my skill(s). DS A LOT

My strength could be better. PERFORM N JUST ABOUT PERFORM

Good strength is positively impacting on my skill(s).

COMMENT BOX


Attempt the test 3 times.

To do the test; remove your shoes (this is so you can get the most out of each attempt).Next, keep the backs of your legs touching the floor and slowly lean forwards.Push the small marker evenly with both hands.Take the reading from the marker and record it each time in the table on the next page.

TEST 1 – Flexibility: Sit and Reach Test

After 3 attempts take an average. The further your average distance, the better your flexibility. To find your average, add all three scores and then divide by

three.

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ATTEMPT DISTANCE

1

2

3

Average(1+2+3)/3


NATIONAL AVERAGES (in cm)

Gender Excellent Above average

Average Below average

Poor

Male >14 14.0 - 11.0 10.9 - 7.0 6.9 - 4.0 <4

Female >15 15.0 - 12.0 11.9 - 7.0 6.9 - 4.0 <4

My score is_______________________

My national rating is_____________________________

1.1 TEST 2 – Balance: Timed Stork Balance Test

The objective of the test is to stand on one leg on an up-turned bench for as long as possible.

Stand comfortably on both feet with your hands on your hips Lift the right leg, place the sole of the right foot against the side

of the left kneecap. On the command “GO”, raise the heel of the left foot to stand

on your toes and hold this position for as long as possible

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The stopwatch is stopped when your left heel touches the ground, the right foot moves away from the left knee or hands come off hips.

Have 3 attempts then write down your best score. The longer you balance the better.

ATTEMPT Time

1

2

3

Best Score

NATIONAL AVERAGES

Gender Excellent Above Average Average Below Average Poor

Male >50 secs 50 - 41 secs 40 - 31 secs 30 - 20 secs <20 secs

Female >30 secs 30 - 23 secs 22 - 16 secs 15 - 10 secs <10 secs

My score is_______________________


1.1 TEST 3 – Strength: Bent Arm Hang

The objective of the test is to see how long you can hang from the beam with bent arms.

You will only manage 1 attempt because it is very tiring. The times starts as soon as your chin is above the bar. The timer stops the watch when you move from your start

position.- 15 -


The longer you can hold on, the better your strength.

NATIONAL AVERAGES

Gender Excellent Above Average Average Below Average Poor

Male >21 secs 20 - 16 secs 15 - 11 secs 10 - 6 secs <5 secs

Female >17 secs 16 - 13 secs 12 - 9 secs 8 - 4 secs <3 secs

My score is_______________________


1.1 TEST 4 – Anxiety: Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT)

The objective of the test is to see what levels of anxiety you have before a competition/ performance.

To complete the test tick the ‘Rarely’, ‘Sometimes’ or ‘Often’ box after each statement.

Rarely Sometimes Often

1. Competing against other People/Teams is

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ATTEMPT Time

1


socially enjoyable.

2. Before I compete - I feel uneasy.

3. Before I compete - I worry about not performing well.

4. I am a good sportsman when I compete.

5. When I compete - I worry about making mistakes.

6. Before I compete - I am calm.

7. Setting a goal is important when competing.

8. Before I compete - I get a queasy feeling in my stomach.

9. Just before competing - I notice my heart beats faster than usual.

10. I like to compete in games that demand a lot of physical energy.

11. Before I compete - I feel relaxed.

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12. Before I compete - I am nervous.

13. Team sports are more exciting than individual sports

14. I get nervous wanting to start the game

15. Before I compete - I usually get uptight

SCAT Score Analysis

Less than 17- You have a low level of anxiety.

17 to 24- You have an average level of anxiety.

More than 24- You have a high level of anxiety.

My score is _________________________________

1.1 TEST 4 – Anxiety: Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT)

Analysis

The score for the response to each question is detailed below. Enter the score for each question in the “Athlete’s Score” (AS) column and then total the column up to get a SCAT score.

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Note that questions 1, 4,7,10 and 13 score zero regardless of the response. AS

1 0 0 0 0

2 1 2 3

3 1 2 3

4 0 0 0 0

5 1 2 3

6 3 2 1

7 0 0 0 0

8 1 2 3

9 1 2 3

10 0 0 0 0

11 3 2 1

12 1 2 3

13 0 0 0 0

14 1 2 3

15 1 2 3

Total

Task:- Answer the following questions based on the work you have covered so far;

1. What aspects of fitness are most important to your activity and why? Give specific examples.________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1.2 Describe the impact of two factors on a performance.

Collating the results.

Now that you have collected some information on your performance you need to analyse the results. ‘Collating’ means analysing the

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results and working out which aspects of fitness are your strengths and which are your weaknesses.

Which aspect of fitness was highlighted as your main strength from the observation sheets and standardised test results?

1. __________________

Which aspects of fitness were highlighted as your main weaknesses from the observation sheets and standardised test results?

1__________________

2. __________________

1.2 Describing the impact of two factors on a performance.

In gymnastics, you know which factors are your strengths and which ones you need to improve on.

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Now you need to learn and understand the effect that your strengths and weaknesses have on your performance.

Question 1 (a)-Explain in detail the impact two factors have on your performance

(Describe the impact that your STRENGTH(S) have on your performance in gymnastics).

e.g. In basketball I have a good skill level. This means I am able to dribble quickly and accurately passed defenders giving me time to select my next move, be it a pass or a shot and then have time to play the relevant skill/ technique.

Factor 1

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Factor 2

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Question 1 (a)-Explain in detail the impact two factors have on your performance (Describe the impact that your WEAKNESS (ES) have on your performance in gymnastics).

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e.g. In badminton I struggle with my concentration this means at times I am not fully focussed on the shuttle, my opponent and the game. This causes me to make silly mistakes meaning I lose points easily and become frustrated with myself.

Factor 1 (2 marks)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Factor 2 (2 marks)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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TEACHER FEEDBACK:-


Question2 (a) Choose one of the factors you selected in the previous question and say what method you used to gather information about this factor. (4 marks)

Factor: _____________________________

Activity: ________________________________

Method: __________________________________

Now describe how you carried out the method to gather information about this factor.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

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TEACHER FEEDBACK:-


Question2 (b) Explain why you chose this method to gather information about this factor. (4 marks)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

Question2 (c) Summarise the information you have gathered to show what it tells you about your performance in this activity (3 marks).

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Identifying a factor that affects a performance and describing an approach to develop this.

(What factor is your main weakness and how could you train to improve it?)

Now that you know your main weakness, your final task of this block is to learn a method of training that you could use to train to improve your weakness.

Use the textbook and sites like www.brianmac.co.uk to research training methods. Describe below the training method you could use to improve your weakness.

METHOD OF TRAINING_________________________

Description of training

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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TEACHER FEEDBACK:-


Question 2(d) Explain why you chose this particular programme of work to develop your performance (5 marks). In your explanation, you must refer to your programme of work and the information you summarised in 2 (c).

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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TEACHER FEEDBACK:-

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