ST PAULS HIGH SCHOOL PE DPARTMENT
GYMNASTICS
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
NAT 4/5
NAME_________________________________________________
TEACHER_____________________________CLASS______________
National 4/5 Gymnastics Booklet
Outcome 1During this block you will need to demonstrate knowledge of the factors that impact on performance in physical activities by:
1.1 Describe a method used to identify factors impacting on performance.
(What method(s) did you use to analyse physical, skill-related and mental aspects of fitness required for gymnastics?)
1.2 Describe the impact of two factors on performance.
(How does physical, skill- related and mental fitness affect your performance in gymnastics?)
1.3 Identify a factor that affects performance and describe an approach to develop this.
(What aspects of fitness is your main weakness and how could you train to improve it?)
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National 4/5 Gymnastics Booklet
1.1 Types and aspects of fitness
During your football, you analysed the effect of physical and skill-related fitness on your performance. In gymnastics you will go through the same process but also look at the impact of mental fitness.
Remember, fitness is the ability to meet the demands of the activity and the environment in which you are participating. To say that someone is fit is too general a term. When we look at fitness for effective performance in activities we see it is much more specific and covers a wide range of different aspects. In order to perform effectively in any activity there are 3 types of fitness.
If any one type of fitness is lacking then your performance will not be fully effective.
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National 4/5 Gymnastics Booklet
1.1 Aspects of fitnessThe two main areas of fitness we will look at for gymnastics are physical and mental fitness. Each type of fitness has several aspects of fitness with in it.
TASK 1Complete the table below by writing the aspects of fitness mentioned by your teacher.
1.1 Aspects of fitness- 4 -
3 TYPES OF FITNESS
PHYSICAL FITNESS SKILL- RELATED FITNESS MENTAL FITNESS
National 4/5 Gymnastics Booklet
TASK 2
1 Use gymnastics.2 From the list of fitness aspects (below) select those that you think
are needed for successful performance in gymnastics.3 Place the selected aspects in the boxes on the outer edge of the
blank profile (below).4 Shade the profile to show the relative importance of each fitness
component for success in the selected sport. (Where 1 is not important and 10 is very important.)
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Cardio Respiratory Endurance Confidence
AgilityPowerSpeed
FlexibilityMuscular Endurance
ConcentrationBalance
Managing EmotionsCoordinationRehearsalStrength
Reaction TimeMotivation
National 4/5 Gymnastics Booklet
1.1 Analysing DataYour level of fitness is a major factor that affects your performance. If you struggle with particular aspects of fitness then you will struggle to perform some gymnastics moves.
This will limit the number of skills you can perform which will affect your ability to plan and perform a gymnastics routine.
You will now analyse some of the aspects of Mental and Physical fitness that are essential to a gymnast and will be able to identify whether or not these aspects are positively or negatively impacting on your performance.
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National 4/5 Gymnastics Booklet
Method for Gathering Data within the Activity – OBSERVATION SHEET
Your mental fitness plays a big factor that can impact on your performance, it can have as much of an influence over your abilities as physical or skill-related fitness; if not more.
If any of you have ever felt butterflies in your stomach, loss of confidence, negative thoughts, played it ‘safe’ or forgotten a routine before or during a performance then you will know just how much mental fitness can affect your performance. Poor mental fitness and in particular concentration and not managing anxiety means you can seriously underperform.
Managing emotions covers a number of mental aspects of fitness for example, controlling anxiety and remaining confident.
CONFIDENCE (in a sporting context) ‘Is the ability to perform without fear of making mistakes and without fear of people judging you; to have total belief in your abilities.’
CONCENTRATION ‘Is the ability to remain focused on a task.’
How much does your mental fitness affect your performance? Let’s find out.
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National 4/5 Gymnastics Booklet
1.1TASKWhilst performing a gymnastics routine, a friend will record the following information which will give you information on your concentration and confidence and how it affects your performance:-
Observation sheet on Mental Fitness
Tick where appropriate if you see the performer do any of the following:
Stops
to think
Giggling or laughing during
performance
Mistake made
Carries Stops
on &
laughs
Holds start and
finish position
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National 4/5 Gymnastics Booklet
TOTAL
Analyse and discuss the results with your partner and with your teacher. What do you think your observation sheet tells you about your mental fitness?
Comment
Method for Gathering Data within the Activity – OBSERVATION SHEET
OBSERVATION SHEET 2
FLEXIBILITIY: - ‘The range of movement across a joint.’
The following analysis sheet can be used to identify flexibility as a strength or weakness in your performance. Perform each move five times for your partner to be able to assess you.Get your partner to place a tick under the traffic light that they feel best describes how well you performed.
Gymnastics moves that require flexibility
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COMMENT BOX
National 4/5 Gymnastics Booklet
Straddle roll
Bridge
Comment
OBSERVATION SHEET 3
BALANCE: – ‘The ability to retain your centre of gravity over your base of support.’
The following analysis sheet can be used to identify balance as a weakness in your performance. Perform each move five times for your partner to be able to assess you.Get your partner to place a tick under the traffic light that they feel best describes how well you performed.
Gymnastics moves that require balance
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Poor flexibility is negatively impacting on my skill(s). OT OF
IMPROVEMENT
My flexibility could be better. PERFORM
Good flexibility is positively impacting on my skill(s).
COMMENT BOX
National 4/5 Gymnastics Booklet
Arabesque
Beam walk
Knee stand
Comment
OBSERVATION SHEET 4
STRENGTH: – ‘The maximum amount of force a muscle or group of muscles can exert in a single effort.’
The following analysis sheet can be used to identify physical strength as a strength or weakness in your performance. Perform each move five times for your partner to be able to assess you (be sure to fully recover between each attempt).Get your partner to place a tick under the traffic light that they feel best describes how well you performed.
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Poor balance is negatively impacting on my skill(s). OT A
My balance could be better. PERFORM
Good balance is positively impacting on my skill(s).
COMMENT BOX
National 4/5 Gymnastics Booklet
Gymnastics moves that require upper body strengthHandstand
Headstand
Monkeystand
Comment
1.1 GATHERING DATA OUT-WITH THE ACTIVITY
You have analysed the impact of strength, balance and flexibility within gymnastics, now you will test these aspects of fitness using standardised tests. This will give you a score that you can compare with national averages and will also let you know how much of a strength or a weakness an aspect of fitness is.
TEST 1 – Flexibility: Sit and Reach Test
The objective of the test is to reach up the board as far as possible.- 12 -
Poor strength is negatively impacting on my skill(s). DS A LOT
My strength could be better. PERFORM N JUST ABOUT PERFORM
Good strength is positively impacting on my skill(s).
COMMENT BOX
National 4/5 Gymnastics Booklet
Attempt the test 3 times.
To do the test; remove your shoes (this is so you can get the most out of each attempt).Next, keep the backs of your legs touching the floor and slowly lean forwards.Push the small marker evenly with both hands.Take the reading from the marker and record it each time in the table on the next page.
TEST 1 – Flexibility: Sit and Reach Test
After 3 attempts take an average. The further your average distance, the better your flexibility. To find your average, add all three scores and then divide by
three.
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ATTEMPT DISTANCE
1
2
3
Average(1+2+3)/3
National 4/5 Gymnastics Booklet
NATIONAL AVERAGES (in cm)
Gender Excellent Above average
Average Below average
Poor
Male >14 14.0 - 11.0 10.9 - 7.0 6.9 - 4.0 <4
Female >15 15.0 - 12.0 11.9 - 7.0 6.9 - 4.0 <4
My score is_______________________
My national rating is_____________________________
1.1 TEST 2 – Balance: Timed Stork Balance Test
The objective of the test is to stand on one leg on an up-turned bench for as long as possible.
Stand comfortably on both feet with your hands on your hips Lift the right leg, place the sole of the right foot against the side
of the left kneecap. On the command “GO”, raise the heel of the left foot to stand
on your toes and hold this position for as long as possible
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National 4/5 Gymnastics Booklet
The stopwatch is stopped when your left heel touches the ground, the right foot moves away from the left knee or hands come off hips.
Have 3 attempts then write down your best score. The longer you balance the better.
ATTEMPT Time
1
2
3
Best Score
NATIONAL AVERAGES
Gender Excellent Above Average Average Below Average Poor
Male >50 secs 50 - 41 secs 40 - 31 secs 30 - 20 secs <20 secs
Female >30 secs 30 - 23 secs 22 - 16 secs 15 - 10 secs <10 secs
My score is_______________________
My national rating is_____________________________
1.1 TEST 3 – Strength: Bent Arm Hang
The objective of the test is to see how long you can hang from the beam with bent arms.
You will only manage 1 attempt because it is very tiring. The times starts as soon as your chin is above the bar. The timer stops the watch when you move from your start
position.- 15 -
National 4/5 Gymnastics Booklet
The longer you can hold on, the better your strength.
NATIONAL AVERAGES
Gender Excellent Above Average Average Below Average Poor
Male >21 secs 20 - 16 secs 15 - 11 secs 10 - 6 secs <5 secs
Female >17 secs 16 - 13 secs 12 - 9 secs 8 - 4 secs <3 secs
My score is_______________________
My national rating is_____________________________
1.1 TEST 4 – Anxiety: Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT)
The objective of the test is to see what levels of anxiety you have before a competition/ performance.
To complete the test tick the ‘Rarely’, ‘Sometimes’ or ‘Often’ box after each statement.
Rarely Sometimes Often
1. Competing against other People/Teams is
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ATTEMPT Time
1
National 4/5 Gymnastics Booklet
socially enjoyable.
2. Before I compete - I feel uneasy.
3. Before I compete - I worry about not performing well.
4. I am a good sportsman when I compete.
5. When I compete - I worry about making mistakes.
6. Before I compete - I am calm.
7. Setting a goal is important when competing.
8. Before I compete - I get a queasy feeling in my stomach.
9. Just before competing - I notice my heart beats faster than usual.
10. I like to compete in games that demand a lot of physical energy.
11. Before I compete - I feel relaxed.
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National 4/5 Gymnastics Booklet
12. Before I compete - I am nervous.
13. Team sports are more exciting than individual sports
14. I get nervous wanting to start the game
15. Before I compete - I usually get uptight
SCAT Score Analysis
Less than 17- You have a low level of anxiety.
17 to 24- You have an average level of anxiety.
More than 24- You have a high level of anxiety.
My score is _________________________________
1.1 TEST 4 – Anxiety: Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT)
Analysis
The score for the response to each question is detailed below. Enter the score for each question in the “Athlete’s Score” (AS) column and then total the column up to get a SCAT score.
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National 4/5 Gymnastics Booklet
Note that questions 1, 4,7,10 and 13 score zero regardless of the response. AS
1 0 0 0 0
2 1 2 3
3 1 2 3
4 0 0 0 0
5 1 2 3
6 3 2 1
7 0 0 0 0
8 1 2 3
9 1 2 3
10 0 0 0 0
11 3 2 1
12 1 2 3
13 0 0 0 0
14 1 2 3
15 1 2 3
Total
Task:- Answer the following questions based on the work you have covered so far;
1. What aspects of fitness are most important to your activity and why? Give specific examples.________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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National 4/5 Gymnastics Booklet
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1.2 Describe the impact of two factors on a performance.
Collating the results.
Now that you have collected some information on your performance you need to analyse the results. ‘Collating’ means analysing the
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National 4/5 Gymnastics Booklet
results and working out which aspects of fitness are your strengths and which are your weaknesses.
Which aspect of fitness was highlighted as your main strength from the observation sheets and standardised test results?
1. __________________
Which aspects of fitness were highlighted as your main weaknesses from the observation sheets and standardised test results?
1__________________
2. __________________
1.2 Describing the impact of two factors on a performance.
In gymnastics, you know which factors are your strengths and which ones you need to improve on.
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National 4/5 Gymnastics Booklet
Now you need to learn and understand the effect that your strengths and weaknesses have on your performance.
Question 1 (a)-Explain in detail the impact two factors have on your performance
(Describe the impact that your STRENGTH(S) have on your performance in gymnastics).
e.g. In basketball I have a good skill level. This means I am able to dribble quickly and accurately passed defenders giving me time to select my next move, be it a pass or a shot and then have time to play the relevant skill/ technique.
Factor 1
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Factor 2
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Question 1 (a)-Explain in detail the impact two factors have on your performance (Describe the impact that your WEAKNESS (ES) have on your performance in gymnastics).
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National 4/5 Gymnastics Booklet
e.g. In badminton I struggle with my concentration this means at times I am not fully focussed on the shuttle, my opponent and the game. This causes me to make silly mistakes meaning I lose points easily and become frustrated with myself.
Factor 1 (2 marks)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Factor 2 (2 marks)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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TEACHER FEEDBACK:-
National 4/5 Gymnastics Booklet
Question2 (a) Choose one of the factors you selected in the previous question and say what method you used to gather information about this factor. (4 marks)
Factor: _____________________________
Activity: ________________________________
Method: __________________________________
Now describe how you carried out the method to gather information about this factor.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
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TEACHER FEEDBACK:-
National 4/5 Gymnastics Booklet
Question2 (b) Explain why you chose this method to gather information about this factor. (4 marks)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Question2 (c) Summarise the information you have gathered to show what it tells you about your performance in this activity (3 marks).
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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National 4/5 Gymnastics Booklet
Identifying a factor that affects a performance and describing an approach to develop this.
(What factor is your main weakness and how could you train to improve it?)
Now that you know your main weakness, your final task of this block is to learn a method of training that you could use to train to improve your weakness.
Use the textbook and sites like www.brianmac.co.uk to research training methods. Describe below the training method you could use to improve your weakness.
METHOD OF TRAINING_________________________
Description of training
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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TEACHER FEEDBACK:-
National 4/5 Gymnastics Booklet
Question 2(d) Explain why you chose this particular programme of work to develop your performance (5 marks). In your explanation, you must refer to your programme of work and the information you summarised in 2 (c).
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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TEACHER FEEDBACK:-