FromFORMOSAT-3/COSMICto

FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2Mission

VickyChu,JoeFong,M-SChang,N-CLiu,TieLiu,Linton

Chen,AlbertShiau,W-JChen,and*WeiXia-Serafino

NationalSpaceOrganizationand*NationalOceanicand

AtmosphericAdministration

10th COSMICDataUsers’Workshop/IROWG-6

2017.9.21

FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC

l TheFORMOSAT-3isthe3rdmajorspace

programatNSPO.ItisknownasConstellation

ObservingSystemforMeteorology,Ionosphere,

andClimate,COSMIC,intheUnitedStates.

l AnAIT-TECROAgreementwasimplementedin

May,1999tomoveforwardwiththe

COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3JointProgram. UCARis

assignedtorepresenttheU.S.andNSPOis

authorizedtorepresentTaiwantojointly

executethismission.

l The6micro-satellitesweresuccessfully

launchedinApril,2006.Thisisthefirsttime

thatsixconstellationalweathersatelliteswere

successfullylaunchedinclusterformation.

l TheFORMOSAT-3/COSMICRadioOccultation

Constellationhasbeenproventohave

significantsocietalimpactsandisappraisedas

the“MostAccurateandStableThermometerin

Space”.

TaiwanScienceTeamReviewFS3/C1in2008

Providing 1500 soundings per day for weather forecasting system

Ionospheric plasma cave/tunnel

l Highaccuracy,precisionandvertical

resolutiondemonstrated.

l Significantpositiveimpactonskill

scoresofoperationalNWP.Weather

CentersstartedtoincorporateFS3/C1

dataintosystem.

ü ECMWF:8monthsafterlaunchü NCEPandUKMetOffice:13

monthsafterlaunchü Meteo France:17monthsafter

launchü CentralWeatherBureau:39months

afterlaunchl Discoveryofnewionosphericfeatures

(e.g.Plasmacaves,Nighttimemid-

latitudesummeranomaly,Plasma

depletionbay,Ionosphericearthquake

precursor)

ReviewofFORMOSAT-3SatelliteAnomaly

FORMOSAT-3Anomaly FORMOSAT-7Enhancement

Computer resets Enhancement onthetotalionizingdoseandsingleeventupsetsrequirements

Bus GPSreceiveranomaly Data fromTGRSasabackup

Attitudeexcursion Enhancement ontheattituderequirement

Propulsion parameteradjustment On-sitesupportfromcontractor

Solararrayanomaly Redundancy

Lostofcommunication To takeadvantageofphoenix mode

PayloadGOX badsignalnoiseratio JPL

PayloadGOXrebootloop JPL

PayloadsTBB/GOXinterference ---

FORMOSAT-3/COSMICLessonsLearnedReview

Areas LessonsLearned

Mission • S-bandfrequencyselection:tominimizetheradiointerferencewithothersatelliteprogram.

• RFIamongpayload:passivepayloadispreferred.• Secondarypayloaddetermination:Thesecondarypayload

shouldmeetthelevel1requirementandbeendorsedbysystemengineeroninterfaces.

Program • ProcurementpracticeonTaiwanside• Patentrightforconstellationdeployment

DataProcessingCenter

Toelaboratethedescription onthefirmwarechange(formissionoperations,forusers’application)

MissionPayload More thoroughtestprocedures,longertesttime,morebudgetallocation.

ParticipatingparitiesincludeNOAA,MOST(NSC),NSPO,UCAR,JPL,

BRE,NRL,andTaiwanscienceteam.HeldatUCARin2009.

FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2JointProgram

Joint Program

Program Management

Mission Assurance

Satellite Development

LaunchService

Ground & Mission

Operations

Data Processing

SL for Launch #1

SL for Launch #2

NSPO-Built SL

NSPO Mission

Assurance

NOAA Mission

Assurance

Launch #1 Ground

System

US DPC

Taiwan DPC

DPC IF

Advisory & Supervision

Joint Program

Management

NSPO Program

Management

Launch #2

WBS 8.0Data

Utilization

BusMission

PLScience

PL

US RO Data Utilization

Taiwan RO Data

Utilization

US Science Data

Application

Taiwan Science Data Application

NOAA Program

ManagementSL AIT

BusMission

PLScience

PL

SL AIT

Responsible by Both Side

Responsible by NOAA

Responsible by NSPO

SL: SatellitePL: PayloadAIT: Assembly, Integration, and TestDPC: Data Processing CenterIF: InterfaceRO: Radio Occultation

SystemEngineering

System Analysis

System & Interface

System Verification

MissionOperations

FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2Supervision

F7/C2Executive Steering

Committee

TECRO AITAIT-TECROAgreement

FORMOSAT-7 / COSMIC-2Joint Program Management

Office

NOAANSPO

NARLabs

FORMOSAT-7 Program Management

Office(NSPO)

COSMIC-2 Program Management

Office(NOAA)

MOST

FORMOSAT-7 / COSMIC-2 Joint Management Control

Plan

20160302@NSPO

COSMIC-2 Program Management

Plan

FORMOSAT-7 Execution Plan

DOC

l AIT-TECROAgreementwassignedin2010.

l ThefirstExecutiveSteeringCommitteemeetingwasheldin2011.

l TheImplementingArrangement#1definingtheLaunch#1wassignedin2013.

FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2

GPS+GLONASSRadioOccultation

Constellationof12smallsatellites

8000occultationperday

45-mindatalatency(median)forLaunch#1

FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC

GPSRadioOccultation

Constellationof6microsatellites

1500~2000occultationperday

80%observationsavailablewithin3hr

FORMOSAT-3andFORMOSAT-7Constellation

FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2KeyParameters

FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 FirstLaunch SecondLaunch

MissionObjectives

TobeachievedafterFullOperationalCapability:

¿ 8,000atmosphericsoundingprofilesperday

¿ 45-mindatalatencyforneutralatmosphereand30-mindatalatency

forionosphereandspaceweather

Constellation

6SCtolow-inclination-angle

orbit(missionaltitude520km)

¿ 6+1SCtohigh-inclination-angle

orbit(missionaltitude~800km)

GNSSROPayload TGRS TGRS

ScientificPayload

USfurnished

IVMandRFBeaconInstrument

Taiwanfurnished

LaunchVehicleFalconHeavyrideshare;ESPA

GrandeRing

CompatiblewithFalcon9,Falcon

Heavy,andEELVwitha5-mfairing

LaunchSchedule(asa

goal)2018 TBR

Communication

ArchitectureViaGroundStation

GLONASS-FDMA

FiducialNetwork

US DPC

TT&C stations (overseas)TT&C stations (Taiwan)

Satellite Operations and Control Center

Users Researchers

FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2

High-inc

Low-inc

Taiwan DPC

GPS

Users ResearchersLaunch Vehicles

NSPO-BuiltS/C

MissionArchitecture

DataProducts

DataProducts

NeutralAtmosphere • Bendingangleprofile

• Refractivityprofile

• Temperatureprofile

• Geopotentialheightprofile

IonosphereandSpace

Weather

• TotalElectronContent(TEC)

• ElectronDensityProfile(EDP)

• Scintillationamplitudeindex(S4)• Scintillationphaseindex(Sf)

Launch#1

FORMOSAT-7MissionSatellites

Shape cuboidunilateralloadsolararray

Size 100x125x125cm3

Mass 300kg(persatellite)

Communications

Capabilities

Sband,uploadspeed32kbps

,downloadspeed2Mbps

PayloadSupportdatacapacity2Gbits,load39.4

kg,powersupply95W

CourtesyofSSTL

Mission

Payload

TGRS(TriGGNSSRadio

occultationSystem)

To measurethephaseandgroupdelay

ofGPSandGLONASSsignals.

Science

Payload

IVM(IonVelocityMeter) Tomeasureelectricfieldperpendicular

tothemagneticfieldandionmotion

paralleltothemagneticfield

RFB(Radio Frequency

Beacon)

Tomeasuretotalelectron contentand

ionosphericscintillation.

AchievementtochallengesonFORMOSAT-7

Transmittingantenna:4Receivingantenna:10FOVconstraints:antennas,IVMsensors,starcameras,sunsensors,thrusters,solararray

l Satelliteassembly,integrationandtesthasbeencompletedinMay

2016.All6sixsatellitessitinNSPO’sfacility.

Launch#1

FORMOSAT-7MissionSatelliteStatus

Launch#1

LaunchVehicleInterfaces

l Sixsatelliteswillbeplacedonthe

IntegratedPayloadStackofFalconHeavy

Concept of Falcon Heavy from Launch Comlex-39A CCAFS

FORMOSAT-7/ COSMIC-2

Launch#1

GroundStations

l 9groundstationstosupport30~45-min(median)datalatency.

MissionOperations

l Schedulespacecraftbusandpayloadactivities.

l Coordinategroundstationpassplan.

l SendcommandandloadtothesatellitethroughTT&Cstations.

l Monitorandtrendthestateofhealthofsatellites.

l Conducttheconstellationdeployment

DataProcessingCenter

l Dataisavailableonafullandopenbasisandassessabletousers

throughdataprocessingcenter.

l TwoDataProcessingCenters:oneintheU.S.oneinTaiwan.USDPC

andTDPChavepassedthereadinessreview.

TDPC System Architecture

FORMOSAT-7

TimelineafterLaunch

SpacecraftBus

Checkout

• Healthcheck

• Normalmode

configuration

• Commissioning

Payload

Instrument

Checkout

• Mission

payloadcheck

• Science

payloads

check

DataCalibration/

Validation

OrbitTransfer

SC#6

~26weeks

• Orbittransferisto deploytheconstellation.

• Payloadwillbeoffduringmaneuver

• MissionPayloadCommissioning

• SciencePayloadCommissioning

• Dataanalysis

• Qualitycheckandvalidation

• CertificationtoEnvironmentalDataRecord

Orbit

phasing

SC#1~5

~3weeks

OrbitTransfer

SC#5

~3weeks

• Orbitphasingis

tode-conflict

theground

contacttime.

• Payloadwillbe

offduring

maneuver

~2weeks

OrbitPhasing

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

ArgumentofLatitude

TimeOrbit Maneuver

+/- 0.5 km; +/- 1.0 kmArgument of Latitude separated by 36 deg

36deg

450

550

650

750

850

2016/10/6

2017/1/6

2017/4/6

2017/7/6

2017/10/6

2018/1/6

2018/4/6

OrbitAltitude(km)

FORMOSAT-7ConstellationAltitudeDeploymentProfile

Parkingorbitaltitude

Finalorbitaltitude

ConstellationDeployment

l ConstellationDeploymenttakesadvantageofJ2effect(perturbation

becauseofanonspherical earth)

l

l Constellationdeploymenttofinalorbitswilltake~19months

l Every~108days,theoperationsteamwillmaneuveraspacecraftfrom

parkingorbittomissionorbit

W: Rightascensionofascendingnode;t:timek:constant;a:semi-majoraxis;i:inclination

Note:Satelliteswillberemainedatfinalorbitaltitude.The

maintenancewillbeactivatedastheorbitisdecayedtobelow520km.

InitialOperationalCapability(IOC)

IOC Milestone Estimated

Accomplishedat

SatelliteIOC ü CompleteSatellite’shealthcheckü Satelliteinnormaloperations

Launch+

1months

Neutral

atmosphere

IOC

ü InitialTGRSproductsavailableforoperationaluse

Launch+

7months

Mission

constellation

IOC

ü Satellitesindeployedconstellationü Sufficientgroundstationsare

deployedtomeetlatencyrequirements.

ü Completeneutralatmospheredatavalidation

Launch+

20months

• FORMOSAT-3satelliteshaveprovideddatafor

11years.

• Thisisthe10thCOSMICDataUsers’Workshop.

• FORMOSAT-7Launch#1isalmostready.

• TheInternationalConferenceonGPSRadio

Occultation(ICGPSRO) willbeheldinSeptember

2018inTaiwan.