Front Matter Source: The Scientific Monthly, Vol. 55, No. 4 (Oct., 1942), pp. i-iv Published by: American Association for the Advancement of Science Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/17932 . Accessed: 01/05/2014 11:24 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. . American Association for the Advancement of Science is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Scientific Monthly. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 195.78.108.181 on Thu, 1 May 2014 11:24:27 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
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Front MatterSource: The Scientific Monthly, Vol. 55, No. 4 (Oct., 1942), pp. i-ivPublished by: American Association for the Advancement of ScienceStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/17932 .
Accessed: 01/05/2014 11:24
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
.JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].
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American Association for the Advancement of Science is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve andextend access to The Scientific Monthly.
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J. McKEEN CATtELL, F. R. MOULTON- AND WARE CATTELL
CONTENTS RECENT ADVANCES IN OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE PHOTO-
GRAPHIC PROCESS. DR. C. E. KENNETH MEES .......................................... 293 AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES IN SE.TI-ARID NORTH CHINA.
DR. RAYMOND T. MOYER ................... : 301 BRITTLE TEMPERATURE. OF RUBBER. M. L. SELKER .317 BACTERIA OF THE MARINE WORLD. 'DR. CLAUDE!, E. ZOBELL . 320 BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF RODENTS AND PREDATORS. PRO-
FESSOR V. E. SHELFORD ................ ....... . ;. . V ..... 331 FOOD HABITS OF PRIMITIVE MAN. I. DR. MARK GRAUBARD .342 THE FINEST SHOW ON EARTH. DR.- EDWIN B. MATZKE . 349 THE NE'W PUBLIC HEALTH. PROFESSOR E. V. COWDRY .355 SOCIAL NATURE OF SCIENCE. PROPESSOR L. Guy BROWN . 361 AMERICA'S AFRICAN ODYSSEY. 'THOMAS E. LA FARGUE 369 BOOKS ON SCIENCE FOR LAYMEN:
The Life of William Henry Welch; Mathematics Made Interesting; Ornithologists of the United States Army Medical Corps; Science f or Children.375
THE PROGRESS OF SCIENCE: William Jazmes, 1842-1910; Award of the Chemical Industry Medal for 1942 to Dr. Harrison E. Howe; Control of Destructive Insects by Aircraft; The Summer Conference on Spectroscopy and Its Ap- plications; The New Audubon Bird Hall of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphi.s. 378
PUBLISHED BY THE SCIENCE PRESS LANCASTER, PENNSYLVANIA
FOR THE
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION BUILDING, WASHINGTON, D. C.
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NEW ROOKS OF SCIENTIFIC INTEREST Physical Science. W. F. EHRBT, ed. Illustrated. x + 639 pp. $3.90. June, 1942. Macmillan.
The purpose of this book is not to train specialists but to provide a general background of knowledge of the physical sciences. The basic concepts of as- tronomy, chemistry, geology and physics and their interrelationships are discussed.
Molecular Films, The Cyclotron and the New Biol- ogy. H. S. TAYLOR, E. 0. LAWRENCE and I. LANG- MUIR. Illustrated. 112 pp. $1.25. 1942. Rutgers.
Two Nobel Prize winners and an American member of the Pontifical Academy of Science contribute essays on Fundamental Science from Phlogiston to Cyclotron, Molecular Films in Chemistry and Biology, and Nuclear Physics and Biology.
The Stone That Burns. W. HAYNES. Illustrated. xii + 345 pp. $3.75. August, 1942. Van Nostrand.
This story of the American sulphur industry tells how American ingenuity has enabled this country to become self-sufficient in its needs for sulphur. Statis- tical tables on production, consumption, distribution, etc. of sulphur are contained in the appendix.
On Growth and Form. D. W. THOMPsoN. Illus- trated. 1116 pp. $12.50. August, 1942. Mac- millan (Cambridge).
This volume covers biological problems of growth and form, and form and function, in their relation to physical principles and mathematical laws. The phys- ics and mathematics used are elementary, but ad- vanced enough to throw light on fundamental biologi- cal problems.
The Invertebrate Eye. G. L. WALLS. Illustrated. xiv + 785 pp. $6.50. August, 1942. Cranbrook Institute of Science.
The invertebrate eye and its adaptive radiation are discussed in three main sections: the fundamental background information, the environmental reasons for evolutionary changes, and the history of the eye traced from the lowest living vertebrates to the highest.
The Biological Action of the Vitamins. E. A. EVANS, JR., ed. Illustrated. ix + 227 pp. $3.00. July, 1942. Chicago.
This symposium includes papers on the biological action of vitamins, clinical aspects of vitamin Bi, pel- lagra and its treatment with nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid in human nutrition and the economy of phospho- rus in the animal organism.
Microbiology and Man. J. BIRKELAND. IlluS- trated. x + 478 pp. $4.00. August, 1942. Crofts.
This elementary textbook is an account of the di- verse properties and characteristics of microorganisms, a description of the various tools and techniques for their handling, and an inquiry into their subtle rela- tionships to everyday life.
The Seashore Parade. M. L. GIJBERLET. I1IUS- trated. 197 pp. $1.75. 1942. Jaques Cattell.
The common animals of the seashore-plankton, sponge, jellyfish, starfish, worms, clams, snails, sea angels, devil fish, crabs, shrimps and tunicates-are all described in simple terms for children or anyone who is interested in seashore life. Colored drawings and pen sketches illustrate the text.
Adventures with a Microscope. R. HEADSTROM. Illustrated. xxiv + 232 pp. $2.00. 1941. Stokes.
Fifty-nine simple experiments, most of which are in biology, for boys and girls interested in science to carry out with a microscope are described in this book. The reader is told how to find the material, how to study it, what he will see and what it means.
War Medicine. W. S. PUGH, ed. Illustrated. 565 pp. $7.50. August, 1942. Philosophical Library.
This symiiposium is divided into three parts: Surgery, Aviation and Naval Medicine, and General Medicine. The fifty-seven chapters cover the treatment of most of the problems which confront the military doctor- from chigger bits to gunshot and stab wounds.
Nutrition and the War. G. BOURNE. 2nd ed. xii + 148 pp. $1.50. July, 1942. Macmillan (Cam- bridge).
Dr. Bourne has the English housewife in mind in writing this book of information on foodstuffs, the principles of dietetics, and vitamins. Various foods and their relative values, nature and composition are presented in table form at the end of the book.
Psychotherapy in Medical Practice. M. LEVINE. xiv + 320 pp. $3.50. 1942. Macmillan.
This is a non-technical handbook in psychotherapy intended for the general practitioner, the medical spe- cialist in fields other than psychiatry and the medical student. It is intended to satisfy the needs of the non-psychiatrist who finds a daily use for psychiatric understanding and facility. Nobel Prize Winners: Charts-Indexes-Sketches. Compiled by F. KAPLAN. Illustrated. xiv + 144 pp. $2.50. 1941. Nobelle.
This volume represents the second and revised edi- tion of a biographical history of the Nobel Prize win- ners. It includes an Alphabetical Index, a Chrono- logical Chart, a Nationality Chart and Biographical sketches for each of the five types of awards.
The Dictionary of Philosophy. Ed. by D. D. RUNES. 343 pp. 1942. Philosophical Library.
The aim of this dictionary is to provide teachers, students and laymen interested in philosophy with correct definitions and descriptioins of the philosophical terms throughout the range of philosophikal thought. In the volume are represented all the branches as well as schools of ancient, miiedieval and moderni philosophy.
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On guard against Eectrical Blackouts A blinding flash! A short cir- cuit! The saboteur thinks his work is done ... and it would be, but for the giant circuit breakers that stand guard over America's power lines.
For, without fast-acting circuit breakers, a short circuit in a sub- station would melt the power lines in an instant. Transformers and huge electric generators would be damaged or destroyed. Power would be disrupted for days or weeks. Vital war work would be brought to a standstill.
Recently, Westinghouse Re- search Engineers developed radi- cally new types of circuit break- ers. These improved devices break the circuit in a short power line at the incredible speed of one twentieth of a secornd.
Then a problem arose. How
could Westinghouse scientists be sure these new circuit breakers would cut off the power quickly enough . . . in the split second that spells the difference be- tween protection and disaster?
SOLUTION: the mammoth Westinghouse High Power Labo- ratory where torrents of electric power . . . equivalent to the smashing force of 75,000 thunder- bolts ... are made to order.
Here, two 500-ton electric gen- erators build up power of an in- stantaneous value of 2,000,000 kw.
This terrific force is'discharg- ed into a new Westinghouse oil circuit breaker, to test its efficiency in protecting America's power systems. In a fraction of a second, the short circuit is blot- ted out . . . with no harmful
effect upon generators or other electrical equipment.
Outdoor air-blast circuit break- ers are tested in insulated cells, at 20 degrees below zero. Al- though coated inch-deep in ice, these breakers operate perfectly under a flood of power 30 times greater than the normal power- line load.
Out of the Westinghouse High Power Laboratory have come many improvements in circuit breakers, giant fuses, and power switches . . . guardians of power lines against enemy sabotage, possible aerial bombing, and acci- dental short circuits.
Thus Westinghouse "know how" helps keep power flowing into America's mighty war in- dustry upon which our very sur- vival depends.
* Westinghouse WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY, PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA
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THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY An Illustrated Magazine Devoted to the Diffusion of Science
Edited by J. McKEEN CATTELL, F. R. MOULTON and WARE CATTELL
PUBLISHED FOR THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE Smithsonian Institution Building, Washington, D. C.
BY THE SCIENCE PRESS LANCASTER, PENNSYLVANIA
Single Number, 50 cents Yearly Subscription, $5.00 COPYRIGHT 1942 BY THE SCIENCE PRESS
Entered as second-class matter at the post office at Lanicaster, Pa., U. S. A., July 18, 1923, under the Act of MN[arch 3, 1879
RECENT BOOKS OF SCIENTIFIC INTEREST The Engineering Profession. T. J. HOOVER and J. C. L. FISH. Illustrated. xii + 441 pp. $5.00. August, 1941. Stanford.
The qualifications and duties of the professional en-
gineer and his habit of mind are described in this book.
It is written primarily for young men contemplating a
caimeer in engineering. IPoints of techniology are used
only by way of illustration.
Life Science. M. W. DE LAUBENFELS. Illustrated. i ,- 320 pp. $3.75. 1941. Laubenfels.
This book is designed to be a general survey of all fields of biology. Each chapter covTers one branch of the subject, emphasis being placed uponl the interrela- tionships between the various fields. One-thousaind- twenty-twvo illustrations accompany the text. It is intencled for those who do not intend to specialize in biology.
Benjamin Franklin's Experiments. Ed. by I. BERNARD COHEN. Illustrated. xv + 453 pp. $4.00. Harvard.
This work includes a new edition of Franklin's Ex- perlinients and Observations on Electricity together with a four-chapter introduction by Mr. Cohen the purpose of which is to prepare a scientific and bio- graphical background for the presentation of Frank- lin's papers.
Climate and Man. Illustrated. xii + 1243 pp. $1.75. 1941. U. S. Government.
Desigined to aid farmers, a large part of this volume is devoted to a detailed discussion of the relation of climate anid weather to crops. The second half of the book contains maps and tables of data on climate in all parts of the United States intended to assist farm onpi,ations in a firidl,tu iiml oommiunitio,s.
The Social Life of a Modern Community. W. L. WARNER and P. S. LUNT. Illustrated. xx + 460 pp. $4.00. 1941. Yale.
The authois write of a class hierarchy in which the people of the American towni are distributed through six social str ata, with muost of the social behavior in- fluenced by class factors. The volume is the first in the six-volume "Yankee City Series."
Your Teeth: Their Past, Present and Probable Future. P. J. BREKHUS. Illustrated. xvii + 255 pp. $2.50. 1941. Minlnesota.
A denital practitioner, teachler anid investigator tells the history of dentistry and gives a general discussion, excluding technicalities, of teeth-their decay abnor- malities, etc. Ile favors the theory that decreased fuinetioning is largely responsible for deterioration.
Between Physics and Philosophy. P. FRANK. 238 pp. $2.75. 1941. Harvard.
The author attempts to clarify the fundamental prin- ciples underlying the factual findings of modern sci- ence. Some of the ideas considered are: The philoso- phy of the Austrian physicist, Ernest Mach; the notion of "length" in Einstein's theory of relativity; Bohr's niotion of "complen-entarity" in modern quantum theory.
Motivation and Visual Factors. BENDER aInd others. xix + 367 pp. 1942. Dartmouth.
The authors of this volume, through the study of psycho-portraits based upon tests, interviews, and anl autobiography, have arrived at the conclusion that visual factors, even extreme deviations, do not in and of themselves cause maladjustment. The report has been drawin from the study of twenty college students.
Books previously announced will be given space six times on this page Jor $12.00
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We Have Equipped Many Expeditions from the Poles to the Equator
Some of these exploring parties we equipped with practically everything they ieeded from engineering instruments to rifles, ammunition and food. Our tents, made of Equatorial Water proof Cloth, have stood the sun of the tropics and the f reezinig blasts of the Polar regions.
Let us furnish estimates-write us your wants.
Transits-Levels-Topographical Outfits Current Meters-Tide Gauges
By the celebrated firm of W. & L. E. Gurley
Paulin accurate Altimeters and Barometers Genuine Ainsworth Brunton Compasses
and Optical Instruments
Binoculars and Rifle Telescopes and Optical Instruments By Hensoldt, Zeiss, Bausch & Lomb and Wollensak
American 'WVar Birds Hlave Keein Eves FOR America's fighting forces, strictest require-
ments are imposed on the men who fly the fighter planes. Stamina, keen perception and split- second timing depend on condition. In the most critical physical examinations, particular emphasis is given to perfection of vision.
Several years ago, at the request of U. S. Army officials, Bausch & Lomb developed a special anti- glare glass for use in bright over-cloud flying. This glass, known as Ray-Ban, has the remarkable property of filtering out excess glare-producing light, at the same time transmitting most of the light useful for seeing. Army, Navy and airline pilots-as well as target shooters and motorists- have welcomed the cool, comfortable, keen vision that Ray-Ban affords.
So, again, and in still another way, Bausch & Lomb gives aid to America's all-out for Victory. Its other contributions, more obvious, include gun- fire control equipment-range finders, binoculars, aerial height finders. Behind the scenes, but of no less importance, are the instruments of industrial research and production-metallographic equip- ment, spectrographs, toolmakers' microscopes, contour-measuring projectors. Bausch & Lomb eye- wear products-eye examination instruments, spectacle lenses and frames-keep a nation of workers at top visual efficiency.
BAUSCH & LOMB OPTICAL COMPANY * ESTABLISHED 1853
AN AMERICAN SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTION PRODUCING OPTICAL GLASS AND INSTRUMENTS
FOR MILITARY USE, EDUCATION, RESEARCH, INDUSTRY AND EYESIGHT CORRECTION
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