Front Matter Source: The Scientific Monthly, Vol. 57, No. 5 (Nov., 1943), pp. i-iv Published by: American Association for the Advancement of Science Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/18154 . Accessed: 01/05/2014 21:31 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. . American Association for the Advancement of Science is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Scientific Monthly. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 62.122.73.236 on Thu, 1 May 2014 21:31:19 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
Transcript
Front MatterSource: The Scientific Monthly, Vol. 57, No. 5 (Nov., 1943), pp. i-ivPublished by: American Association for the Advancement of ScienceStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/18154 .
Accessed: 01/05/2014 21:31
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
.JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].
.
American Association for the Advancement of Science is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve andextend access to The Scientific Monthly.
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UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON FOOD AND AGRICUL- TIJRE. DR. ALONZO E. TAYLOR . ............................................................ 385
SOME QUAINT CONCEPTIONS OF NORTH AFRICAN NATURAL HISTORY. ARTHUR LOVERIDGE ......................... ................................... 398
THE CCC AN-D AMERICAN CONSERVATION. MAJOR JOHN D. GUTTHRIE ............................................................ 401
VINCENNES: HISTORIC CITY ON THE WABASH. DR. ALDEN CUUTSHALL ............................................................ 413
SCIENCE, EDUCATION AND CHINA'S RECONSTRUCTION. DR. C(HI-TING KWEI ............................................................ 425
FRAN1K JULIAN SPRAGUE, 1857-1934. DR. DUGALD C. JACKSON ...... 431 HISTORY OF THE MEASUREMENT OF HEAT. I. THERMOM-
ETRY AND CALORIMETRY. DR. CARL B. BOYER . .................................... 442 MALA]RIA: MALADY OF THE MARSHES. DR. BLAKE DANIELS
PRESCOTT ............................................................ 452 STATUS AND PROSPECTS OF CLIMATOLOGY. DR. C. W. THORN-
THWAITE and DR. JOHN LEIGHLY ......................... ................................... 457 THE PROGRESS OF SCIENCE:
William Fogg Osgood and American Mathematics; Epidemnic Keratoconjunctivittis; The Portable Pipe Line; Field Museum- Fifty Years of Progress ............................................................ 466
BOOKS ON SCIENCE: Cancer Education; Hand Psychology; The Story of Sulfur; Exer- cises for Superman; The Psychiatric W orld ................................... .................. 479
PUBLISHED BY THE
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION BUILDING, WASHINGTON 25, D. C.
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The War on Cancer. EDWARD PODOLSKY, M.D. 179 pp. $1.75. June, 1943. Reinhold.
Never before has the dramatic story of the relentless war being waged on this disease been presented so com- pletely and intelligibly. It discusses the effectiveness of X-ray, Cyclotron, Radium, Surgery and Refrigera- tion and tells the very latest adVances that science has made in the battle against this terrible killer-cancer.
Forward with Science. ROGERS D. RUsK. Ill. xi -307 pp. $3.50. April, 1943. Knopf.
Professor Rush's new book unfolds the amazing record of recent achievements in the field of physical science. Atom-smashing, artificial radioactivity, the electron microscope, such phenomena as cosmic rays, and the theories of relativity and quanta are analyzed in terms of their application to daily life.
The Amazing Petroleum Industry. V. A. KALI- CHEvSKY. Ill. 234 pp. $2.25. April, 1943. Reinhold.
To understand the importance of Petroleum in war and peace, read this fascinating book. It paints an interesting and vivid picture of the world's most im- portant raw material-Petroleum. In nontechnical language it tells simply what petroleum is-how it is obtained-what it does.
Name That Animal. ERNEST C. DRIVER. Ill. 527 pp. $5.00. 1942. E. C. Driver, Smith Col- lege, Northampton, Mass.
A guide to the identification of the common land and fresh-water animals of the United States, with keys, discussion of life histories, and selected bibliog- raphy for each major group except birds. Designed for courses in field zoology and for biology teachers initerested in identifying animals.
Aerobiology. Edited by FOREST RAY MOULTON. Ill. x ? 289 pp. $4.00. 1942. American Asso- ciation.
Aerobiology is a specialized field which has been de- veloped within the past 10 or 15 years. This volume is in two parts, extramural aerobiology and intramural aerobiology. Papers cover both the theoretical and practical aspects and references cover all important literature.
Chimpanzees. A Laboratory Colony. R. M. YERKES. Ill. xi + 321 pp. $5.00. May, 1943. Yale.
This is a composite portrait of chimpanzee person- ality done in terms of behavior. It is of interest to the layman and the specialist in the field of psycho- logical research. Many experiments took place at Orange Park, Fla., where Dr. Yerkes organized and for miany years directed the Yale Laboratories of Primate Biology. June, 1943, selection of Scientific Book Club.
Mathematics Dictionary. G. JAMES and R. C. JAMES. Rev. Ed. Ill. viii + 319 pp. $3.00. 1943. Digest Press, Van Nuys, Calif.
Definitions of the basic words used in mathematics and an appendix of the tables needed in mathematics and its applicationis. The only such dictionary pub- lished. Both popular and technical definitions are given when feasible. An invaluable reference and time-saver for those who study or use -iathematics.
Science Remakes Our World. JAMES STOKLEY. Ill. $3.50. 1943. Ives Washburn, Inc.
A comprehensive survey of what is going on in the laboratories, and what the impact of new discoveries and processes will be oIn American daily living. Cov- ers plastics, synthetics, radio, television, aeronautics, explosives, electronics, agriculture, vitamins, the sulfa drugs, atom-smashing, etc. The author is Technical Book Editor of the New York He-ald Tributne.
The Greatest Eye in the World. A. F. COLLINS. Ill. xviii + 266 pp. $3.00. January, 1943. Ap- pleton-Century.
This book is devoted to a history of the astronomical telescope and to a description of the equipment and work being accomplished at eight observatories in the United States, and at the Royal Observatory in Eng- land.
The City-Its Growth-Its Decay-Its Future. ELIEL SAARINEN. Ill. by author. 379 pp. $3.50. May, 1943. Reinhold.
This unique work, the result of 40 years' experience points out the causes for urban decay, then sets forth a logical plan for future rehabilitation and decentrali- zation. It conveys an important message to all con- cerned with progressive community plannilng and post- war development.
Relapsing Fever in the Americas. Edited by FOREST RAY MOULTON. Ill. vi + 130 pp. $3.00. 1942. American Association.
Includes 20 papers presented at a symposium on the subject. The papers constitute a comprehensive and documented discussion of relapsing fever as it occurs in the United States and Panama. Subjects covered include symptomatology, diagnosis, etiology, epidemi- ology, immunity, pathology, vectors, treatment and public health subjects.
Science and Criticism. The Humanistic Tradi- tion in Contemporary Thought. H. J. MULLER. xiv+ 305 pp. $3.75. March, 1943. Yale.
"With a fine felicity of phrase and a brilliant clarity of insight, the Associate Professor of English in Pur- due University looks at modern science from the point of view of a humanist. . . . Rarely does one find such a satisfactory synthesis of realism and idealism . . . recommended . . . to all . . . concerned with the trend of thought and action in this age of swift change in the life of man." Scientific Book Club Review.
Books previously announced will be given space six times on this page for $12.00
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TfHE MAKTNG OF synthetic rubber involves Tamong other things the exact control of gas mixtures of great comnplexity. Formerly the analy- sis of some gases required several days of pains- taking laboratory work, and in some cases a complete analysis was impossible.
Westinghouse scientists--working in close col- laboration with engineers of leading oil and chemical companies--have perfected an electronic "chemist" which is an important addition to the present methods of analysis.
With the improved technique and apparatus now available, the t;ime required for accurately making some of these analyses has been reduced to an hour or less!
An amazing electronic device ... known as the mass spectrometer. . . not only improves the accuracy of the synthetic rubber process, but frees hundreds of skilled chemists from tedious but important production testing in these vital plants.
The mass spectrometer analyzes gases by sort- ing the molecules--according to their mass-in (roughly) the same way that a cream separator sorts out the cream from whole milk.
Let's say we want to analyze a simple gas mixture containing one part of oxygen and 10,000 parts of nitrogen. Here's how the mass spectro- meter accomplishes this incredible feat:
First, the gas sample is bombarded with elec- trons. This ionizes the nitrogen and oxygen mole-
cules, giving them electrical charges of their own.
These ions are then drawn by electrical force into a curved vacuum tube. Here, ions of different molecular weights whizz around different curved paths-depending upon their reaction to a power- ful electromagnet surrounding the tube.
The heavier oxygen ions follow a straighter path than the lighter nitrogen ionis and are directed through a tiny exit slit onto a plate where they give up their electrical charge. The amount of this charge, amplified and recorded by sensitive electrical instruments, is an accu- rate measure of the quantity of oxygen in the mixture.
The starting voltage is then changed to allow the nitrogen ions to pass through the same exit slit-thus measuring the quantity of nitrogen. This same principle applies to the analysis of complex hydro-carbon mixtures.
The development of the mass spectrometer . . for the quick, accurate analysis of buta- diene.. . is a typical example of the way Westinghouse "know how" in electronics is tackling the wartime problems of industry in an effort to speed victory.
Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Com- pany, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Westinghouse PLANTS IN 25 CITIES.. . OFFICES EVERYWHERE
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An illustrated magazine broadly inter- entific Monthly, Smithsonian Institution preting to the thoughtful public the prog- Building, Washington 25, D. C. ress of science and its relations to the prob- Offiee of publieation, North Queen St. lemns confronting civilization. Published by and McGovern Avenue (The Science Press the American Association for the Advance- Printing Co.), Lancaster, Pa. ment of Science, Smithsonian Institution Subscriptions: The calendar year, $5.00; Building, Washington 25, D. C. single numlbers, 50 cents.
Edited by F. R. Moulton and F. L Orders for subscriptions and requests Campbell Editorial Adv : Jn . for changes of address should be directed
Flynn, DR. Hooker, Kirtley Fr . Jather to the Office of the Permanent Secretary of lnn,D. R. Hooker, Kirtley F. 'athe the Associ-ation. Two weeks are required and Williamn J. Robbins. to effect changes of address.
Address all correspondence concerning Copyright, 1943, by the American Asso- editorial muatters to the Office of The Sci- ciation for the Advancement of Science.
Entered as second-class matter at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., U. S. A. July 18, 1923, under the Act of March 3, 1879.
NEW BOOKS OF SCIENTIFIC INTEREST Pre-service Course in Machine Science. S. H. LEBOWITZ. 11. vi + 440 pp. 1943. Wiley.
This practical textbook on machines was prepared for the War Department and the U. S. Office of Edu- cation in conformance with the official pre-induction trainiing course outline. It offers training to the high school youth who, thus prepared, will be more effective when engaged in mechanized warfare.
Solid Geometry and Spherical Trigonometry. H. L. C. LEIGHTON. 11. xix + 210 pp. 1943. $11.75. Van Nostrand.
The author, mathematics instructor at The Phillips Exeter Academy, has revised and expanded his earlier text and included numerous exercises "to induce the student to think in three dimensions at the start with- out beiing conscious of tackling a task too utterly new to him."
Man and His Habitation. R. MUKERJEE. xv + 320 pp. 1943. $3.50. Longmanis, Greeni.
Professor AMukerjee, pioneer in the study of human ecology, discusses the spatial, occupational and tem- poral relationships of human beings, individually and in groups, and urges a planned ecology of culture for better balance of rural and urban habitations, occupa- tions and industrial distribution.
Genes and the Man. B. GLASS. I11. xii + 386 pp. 1943. $3.50. Teachers College.
A biologist and fruit-fly geneticist applies his re- search findings to human genetics. Glass regards genes and chromosomes as important only because of their effects during man's growth and development and describes the operation and interaction of those factors -genes and environment-which make the physical inan.
Laboratory Practice of Organic Chemistry. G. R. ROBERTSON. 11. x + 359 pp. $2.50. Aug., 1943. Macmillali.
To apply theories and general techniques intelli- gently, the author maintains that one should have an adequate understanding of the fundamental principles uniderlying laboratory manipulation and in his greatly r evised textbook he provides information on theory, general and laborator y technique, and synthetic ex- perirnent.
The Wisconsin Pine Lands of Cornell University. P. W. GATES. 6 ill. xi+ 265 pp. 1943. $3.50. Corilell.
This is a fi ank study in land policy and absentee ownership, showing the effects of speculation and prodigal proprietorship on the origins of economic and political disorders. Although principally concerned with the Cornell-owned Wisconsin pineries, it reveals in general the widespread destructive effects of mis- managed disposal of the Public Domain.
Physics Tells Why. 0. LUHR. 11. iX +318 pp. 1943. $3.50. Jaques Cattell.
Dr. Luhr's posthumous publication is a scholarly work, popularly presented to meet the inquiries of the intelligent layman. In a clear, stimulating style, lie discusses both natural and man-made physical phe- nomena-from facts about electric current and weights and ineasures to those modern miracles of radio and television.
The Microscope and Its Use. F. J. MUNOZ aild H. A. CHARIPPER. 11. xii + 334 pp. 1943. $2.50. Chemical.
Muno'z, techn-ical miscroscope consultant, and Charip- per, professor of biology at New York UIniversity, have jointly written this small practical guide to instruct technicians and students in the construction of the microscope and to aid them in the use of this instru- ment in science, medicine, industry and research.
This content downloaded from 62.122.73.236 on Thu, 1 May 2014 21:31:19 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
Edward Tyson, M.D., F.R.S. (1650-1708) and the Rise of Human and Comparative Anatomy in England (Memoirs, Vol. XX). M. F. ASHLEYI11. MONTAGU. 56 ill. xxix+ 488. Sept., 1943. $5.00. American Philosophical Society.
This first conmi)rehensive accounit of the life and woirk of Edward Tyson places -the 17th century physi- ceicn, anatomist an(I anthropologist among the gieat Scientific benefactors of all time. It is both a biog- iaphy and a, study in the historby of science.
Electronic Physics. HECTOR, LEIN, SCOUTEN. Ill. vi + 355 pp. 1943. $3.75. Blakiston.
This book, prepared for the classroom, treats i lec- tiiical phenomena from the electron-protoi point of view and shows that light, wireless and X-rays are various aspects of electrical phenomena. It takes the student up to a study of radlioactivity and modern transmutation.
Encyclopedia of Substitutes and Synthetics. M. D. SCHOENGOLD. x+382 pp. 1943. $10.00. Philo- sophical Library.
To the cemilst this encyclopedia of raw materials, chemicals, p)rocesses, substitutes and synthetics, will prove extreniely usefuil in his search for materials esisential to wartime needs. Tvhis, the first compen- ium of its kind, slhows that "substitutes" often are
superior to the materials replaced.
Fogs, Clouds and Aviation. W. J. HUMPHREYS. 93 ill. xii 200 pp. 1943. $3.00. Williams & Wilkins.
Fundamental facts about fogs and clouds are dis- cutssed from the viewpoint of mn-l erpireting local weather signs and forecasting local weather conditions. In addition, infeormatio is presented That will be of par- ticular valuo to the aviator engiaged in combat. The book conCtains many firne cloud photographs.
Manual of Industriaon Hygiene. Edited by W. M. GAWAIEO. 20 ill. xi+ 508 pp. 1943. $3.00. Saurders.
Sixteea specialists have contributed to this manual, The most accurate part of aly subtitled "Medical Service in WVar Industries," which was issued under the a rspices of the National Research military instriLment is the roof Council. It is a comPact source for industrial physi- prism used ill it. First to de- clans and for others concerned with the problems of safeguarding the health of 17 million workers in velop. quLantity producetion of American war indusi Thries. these highly important "war Maternal Overprotection. I). M. LEVY. 417 p weapons," The Perkin-Elmer Sept., 1943. $4.50. Columbia. Corporation is gladly making
]For this extensive clinical stuLdy of various types of its methods available to others maternal overprotectioni the writer has used both soci- engaged in military production. ological anid medica'l data as perceived through the psychic life of the sutbjects. The vast clinical re- sources of the formner Institute for Child Guidance in New York City made this investigation possible.
Liberal Education Re-Examined. GREENE, FaIES, WRISTON, IDIGHTON. xiv +134 pp. 1943. $1.50. *0 ?
Harper.
,A committee of four distinguished educators, ap- pointed by the American Council of Learned Societies, examines the nature of! recent educational trends in the humanities and the role of liberal education in the .. ..
American democracy. The aim of the report is to* . *
define a cominon cultural and educational goal.
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<Eyes Right" has never meant so much to America Keen-eyed American fliers are
\ '~ telling Hitler and Tojo the inside story of democratic "de- cadence"-telling it in flaming
emphasis-with two-ton bombs, torpedoes, machine gun fire. In selecting and training the boys who carry these messages, Ameri- can military authorities employ the most critical physical examination and intense conditioning program. Particular attention is given to perfection of vision.
Nor is the importance of eyesight effi- ciency and visual care confined to the air fronts of this global war. On America's production lines, we cannot afford to waste time, to spoilmaterials through faultyvision.
Bausch & Lomb is supplier of eye exam- ination instruments, lenses and eyewear to the military forces-as well as to the thou- sands of professional and technical men throughout America whose specialized skills keep civilian eyes at top performance.
Here again, optical science is seeing it through.
BAUS & L4B OPTICAL CO. ( TSTER, N. Y.
ESTABLISHED 1853
AN AMERICAN SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTION PRODUCING OPTICAL GLASS AND INSTRUMENTS FOR MILITARY USE, EDUCATION, RESEARCH, INDUSTRY AND EYESIGHT CORRECTION
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