Front Matter Source: The Scientific Monthly, Vol. 60, No. 4 (Apr., 1945), pp. i-viii Published by: American Association for the Advancement of Science Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/18267 . Accessed: 02/05/2014 08:07 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. . American Association for the Advancement of Science is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Scientific Monthly. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 62.122.78.59 on Fri, 2 May 2014 08:07:15 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
Transcript
Front MatterSource: The Scientific Monthly, Vol. 60, No. 4 (Apr., 1945), pp. i-viiiPublished by: American Association for the Advancement of ScienceStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/18267 .
Accessed: 02/05/2014 08:07
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
.JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].
.
American Association for the Advancement of Science is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve andextend access to The Scientific Monthly.
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Ethicogenesis .Chauncey D. Leake 245 A Look at Postwar Employment Adjustment . . Forrest H. Kirkpatrick 254 Argentina's Agricultural Future .J. A. Shellenberger 257 The Savage Seris of Sonora-II . Edward H. Davis and E. Yale Dawson 261 Livestock in the Lives of the Chinese . .Ralph W. Phillips 269 Neptune's Racetracks . .C. Wythe Cooke 286 The Purdue Opinion Poll for Young People . .H. H. Remmers 292 The Challenge of Scientific Russian .Jacob Chaitkin 301 Scientific and Industrial Research in India . V. S. Swaminathan 307 Science on the March ..311 Book Reviews ..315 Comments and Criticisms. . .321 Meet the Authors.. .iii
PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE Smithsonian Institution Building, Washington 25, D. C.
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"Its objects shall be the ad-' 4 vancement of the theory and practice of Electrical Engineer- ing and of the allied Arts and Sciences, and the maintenance of a high professional standing among its members."
Membership Grade XMinimum Years' Entrance Dues Gae Age Practice Fee De
Electrical Engineering, monthly; Transactions, annual; and Standards for electrical machinery and apparatus. H. H. HENLINE, National Secretary 33 West 39th Street, New York 18, N. Y.
The Canadian Soeiety of Technical Agriculturists
The Professional Organization of Uni- versity graduates serving agriculture in Canada.
Membership open to graduates in any country who are engaged in farming or in professional services connected with agriculture; the Annual Mem- bership fee is $5.00 (Canadian funds) which includes subscription to the two following publications:
Scientific Agriculture, a monthly re- search journal. Separate subscrip- tion rate to U. S. $3.00 (Canadian funds).
C.S.T.A. Review, a quarterly review of the activities of the Society, with special articles on problems of Ca- nadian agriculture. Separate sub- scription rate to U. S. $1.50 (Ca- nadian funds).
ACTING GENERAL SECRETARY,
A. E. MAcLAURIN, 1005 Confederation Bldg.,
Ottawa, Canada
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE Organized 1903 to promote the
science of horticulture. Publish- ers of the Proceedings of the American Society for Horticul- tural Science, containing articles dealing with fruits, vegetable crops, ornamental horticulture, floriculture, nursery crops, genet- ics, taxonomy, plant physiology, nutrition, biochemistry, plant breeding, soils, fertilizers.
Two volumes a year, each volume comprising between 500 and 600 pages, bound 'in blue cloth, $6.00 per volume. A limited supply of back volumes
are available. Editorial and Business Offices
American Society for Horticultural Science,
Box 353, Geneva, New York Dr. H. B. Tukey, Editor
PHI SIGMA SOCIETY
The object of the society is to promote in- terest in research in the biological sciences. Originally an honorary biological research so- ciety it is now considered a working guild of biologists interested in research. Active chap- ters may be established in institutions where research in the biological sciences leads to at least a master 's degree. For election to active membership the student must have the equiva- lent of two years of college credit, at least one fourth of which is in the biological sciences. The regular national initiation fee is five dol- lars. Three dollars of this is used to defray expenses of student delegates to the National Meetings and two dollars for a subscription to the quarterly journal The Biologist which is sent to the individual as long as he remains active.
National Secretary DR. A. I. ORTENBURGER
University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
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Physics students at Haverford College, using two L&N Resistance Boxes and an L&N Adjustable Mica Capacitor. , /
Resistance Boxes For Student Use Haverford College physics students have each of which provides a zero position and
for many years used these and other L&N nine steps of resistance change. Limit of laboratory instruments to conduct their ex- error in the resistance boxes is ? (0.1% + perimnents. The equipment shown above, 0.01 ohm). a simple a-c bridge network to determine Our No. 1058 Adjustable Mica Capacitor the characteristics of a capacitor, has with- is direct reading, with a total capacitance stood hard student use for almost 14 years- of 1 microfarad in five sections: 0.5 0.2 0.2 and still maintains its initial accuracy and 005 005 f shows little signs of wear. Four L&N in- struments are used in this measurement: L&N laboratory instruments are so con- two resistance boxes (a 3-dial and 4-dial structed that the student can easily remove box), an Adjustable Mica Capacitor. A the top plate, to which the internal parts telephone is employed as a balance detector. are attached, and study the bus-bar wiring
Both resistance boxes have enclosed of the instruments. switches, and can be used in d-c or low fre- We'll be glad to send Broadside E, listing quency a-c measurements. Resistors are the complete line of L&N instruments for mounted in rotary-switch 5-coil decades, research, teaching, and testing. Jrl Ad EB43 (2a)
THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY Vol. LX, No. 4 APRIL, 1945 Whole No. 355
An illustrated magazine broadly inter- Address all correspondence concerning edi- preting to the thoughtful public the prog- torial matters and advertising to the Office ress of science and its relations to the prob- of The Scientific Monthly, Smithsonian In- lems confronting civilization. Published by stitution Building, Washington 25, D. C. the American Association for the Advance- Office of publication, North Queen St. and ment of Science, Smithsonian Institution McGovern Avenue (The Science Press Print- Building, Washington 25, D. C. ing Co.), Lancaster, Pa.
Edited by F. L. Campbell. Subscriptions: The calendar year, $5.00; Advertising Manager: Theo. J. Christensen. single numbers, 50 cents. Editorial Advisers: John E. Flynn, D. R. Orders for subscriptions and requests for
Hooker, Kirtley F. Mather, and William J. changes of address should be directed to the Robbins. Office of the Permanent Secretary of the
Contributing Editors: William A. Albrecht, Association, Smithsonian Institution Build- Arthur Bevan, L. V. Domm, Wilton M. ing, Washington 25, D. C. Two weeks are Krogman, B. S. Meyer, Frank H. H. Roberts, required to effect changes of address. Jr., Malcolm H. Soule, Edward J. Stieglitz, Copyright, 1945, by the American Asso- Harlan T. Stetson, and H. B. Tukey. ciation for the Advancement of Science.
Entered as second-class matter at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., U. S. A. July 18, 1923, under the Act of March 3, 1879.
THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE
Founding and Organization
IN 1848, on September 20, the Association was formally organized and held its first meeting; in 1874 it was incorporated under the laws of the Com- monwealth of Massachusetts and given the right to receive, purchase, hold and convey property. Its gov- erning body is a Council, now having 255 members.
The Association is national in scope, with member- ship open to the whole world on equal terms, and its interests include the broad fields of the natural and the social sciences. Its varied activities are carried on under 16 sections with which 189 affiliated and associated societies, having a combined membership of nearly a million, cooperate in organizing programs for its meetings.
Members and Meetings
All persons engaged in scientific work, all who find pleasure in following scientific discoveries, all who believe that through the natural and social sciences a better society may be achieved are eligible for mem- bership in the Association. From its founding, the most distinguished of American scientists, including every American Nobel Laureate in science and every president of the National Academy of Sciences, have been members. The names of many university presi- dents, of eminent scholars in widely different fields,
and of men notable for public service, including a United States Senator, a Justice of the Supreme Court, and a former president of the United States, are now on its roll of more than 27,000 members.
The Association 's meetings are field days of science attended by thousands of participants at which hun- dreds of scientists vie with one another for the plea- sure and the honor of presenting results of researches of the greatest benefit to their fellow men. An enlightened daily press reports their proceedings throughout the country.
Opportunity and Responsibility
A world torn by conflicts and fearful of the future is looking more and more toward scientists for leader- ship.. The opportunity for unparalleled service is theirs and the fact that they have available the only essentially new methods, if not purposes, imposes an equal responsibility. For these reasons it will be the Association 's steadfast purpose to promote closer relations among the natural and the social scientists, and between all scientists and other persons with similar aspirations, to the end that they together may discover means of attaining an orderliness in human relations comparable to that which they find in the natural world about them.
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CHAUNcEY D. LEAKE, vice president of the University of Texas Medical Branch, in Gal- veston, Texas, was born in Elizabeth, N. J., in
.. 1896. During World War Iw he was a student at Princeton from which he received his first col- lege degree in 1917. After duty with the Chemical Warfare Ser-
vice until the close of the war he migrated to Wis- consin, where he received the M.S. degree in 1920 and the Ph. D. degree in 1925. While at Wisconsin, he was, first, Instructor of Physiology (1920-23), then Assistant Professor of Pharmacology (1a923- 25), and Associate Professor (1925-28). Early in his academic career he becaie deeply inter- ested in philosophy, especially while studying at Princeton under Edwin G. Conklin, -Norman Kemp Sm7ith, and Warner Fite. He was called to the University of California Medical Center, San F ancisco, in 11928 where he organized its Pharmacological Laboratory. In 1-940 he was instrumental in establishing at Berkeley a course on Human Relations. Now this indomitable opti- mist is formulating ethical principles by the methods of science.
FORRESTkH. KiRKPAT- RICK, one of the officers of the Radio Corpora- tion of America in charge of personnel ad- mnn inistration and labor relations, was born in Northern Ohio, com- pleted his secondary school work in Western Ohio, and then went to Bethany College, West Virginia, fromn which he
received his A.B. degree, an institution to which he later returned for sieveral years as Dean of Students and Prof-essor of Personnel Adminis- tration. Part of his graduate work was at Colum- bia, from which he received the A.M. degree in 1931, and the remiainder was at the University of London. He gave ~several courses at Butler Uni- versity and New York University. With the prog- ress of the war he became a special consultant for the War Manpower Commission (1942-43) and a Consultant on Personnel Administration for the Department of State in 1944.
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NEW BOOKS* The Future of Industrial Research. Standard Oil Development Company. 173 pp. 1945. Limited edition.
A volume bringing together the papers and discussions preselnted at the meeting celebrating the twenty-fifth an- niversary of the establishment of the Research Division of Standard Oil Development Company. In part, a re- view of past events; its more important parts are those sections by leading research executives as they look toward the future.
Thomas Jefferson's Garden Book. Annotated by EDWIN MORRIS BETTS. 704 pp. Illus. 1944. $5.00. The American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, Pa.
T. Jefferson-The most ubiquitous intellectual of all Presidents is presented in a new facet-that of chroni- cler of Nature on his Monticello estate. The title "Garden Book" is Jefferson's own, but many other of his interests crop out. Jefferson bids fair to be a rival of Abraham Linicoln as the "most-written-about-Presi- dent" and this volume weighs heavily on Jefferson's side.
Telescopes and Accessories. GEORGE Z. DIMITROFF and JAMES G. BAKER. 309 pp. Illus. 1945. $2.50. The Blakiston Company, Philadelphia, Pa.
What are telescopes, why and how do they work and what can man learn about his surrounding cosmos of infinity through their use are some of the questions this book answers for the neophyte and amateur astronomer. The schematic diagrams-extremely useful to non-tech- nical readers-are plentiful and understandable.
Practical Marine Navigation. JAMES A. STOWELL. 133 pp. Illus. 1945. Addison-Wesley Press, Inc., Cambridge, Mass.
"How not to be at sea, at sea" might well have been the sub-title of this handbook for beginners interested in sailing. A glossary up front instead of at the back is one of its good features. Proven methods of navigation are explained in correct nautical language so that the newcoiimer gets the quarterdeck feeling immediately.
Theory of X-Ray Diffraction in Crystals. W. H. ZACHARIASEN. 249 pp. 1945. $4.00. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.
A technical presentation of the theory of x-ray diffrac- tion applied to ideal and real crystal structures. New theories and extensions of presently accepted ones are dealt with; experimental techniques are treated to a lesser degree.
Fundamentals of Physics. HENRY SEMAT. 593 pp. Illus. 1945. $4.00. Farrar and Rinehart, Inc., New York.
Each new text-book in a field should focus attention on more recent applications and give the instructor an opportunity to reexamine his own teaching materials and methods. Dr. Semat's book should be read for both of these reasonis.
* Orders for the books noticed above should not be sent to THE SCIENTIF'IC MONTHLY or the A.A.A.S., but to youir bookseller or the publisher.
MEET THE AUTHORS, Continued
RALPH W. PHILLIPS, Senior Animal Hus- bandman in charge of
K ~~~Genetics Investigations in the Bureau of Ani- mal Industry of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, was born in Parsons, West Virginia, in 1i909. He received the B.S. degree from Berea College in 1-930, A.M. fronm Missouri in
1931, and Ph.D. froni Missouri, in 1934. For three years he was assistant in animal industry in Missouri, then an instructor in Massachusetts State College for three years (1-933-36), after which he went to the Bureau of Animal Industry in the U. S. Department of Agriculture for three years. His publish-ed scientific papers deal with results of researches on various phases of the physiology of reproduction, with special reference to inheritance of important traits in livestock. For fourteen mionths in 1-943-44 he was a con- sultant on animal breeding to the Governm-ents of China and India under the auspices of the U. S. Depa rtm-ent of State.
JOHN A. SHELLEN- BERGER, a chemist and Professor of Milling In- dustry at Kansas State College, was born at Moline, Illinois, in 1900. iHis education was inter- ruptedb y a term of ser- vice in the Tank Corps in World War I. For his undergraduate work lhe went to Seattle, re- ceiving the B.S. degree
from Washington in 1928. Then he migrated to Kansas State College which gave him the M.S. in 1930, and thence to Minnesota for the Ph.D. in 1935. In the interval, however, he had served as chemist for a flouring mill in Seattle, an assistant professor and agricultural chemist in Idaho, and an instructor in Minnesota. After receiving his doctorate, he became chief biochemist for the Rohm and Haas Co., and more recently agricul- tural consultant for the Armour Research Foun- dation which led to his serving as technical ad- viser to the Corporaci6n parca la promoci6n del Intercambio, a position that took him to South America for two years during which he traveled approximately 25,000 miles in Argentina.
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C. WYTHE COOKE, Senior Geologist of the U. S. Geological Survey, was born in Baltimore in 1887. He did his col- lege preparatory work at Randolph-Macon Academy, Front Royal, Va., and at Baltimore City College. He took his college and graduate work at The Johns Hop- kins University (A.B.,
1908; Ph.D., 1912), where he held a University Fellowship and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. While still a student he was appointed Junior Geologist on the U. S. Geological Survey, with which he has been connected since his original appointment. His field work in this country has been chiefly in the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain States, but he has also made geological in- vestigations in the Dominican Republic, Colombia, British Honduras, and Guatemala. His pub- lished reports of Southeastern United States con- tain original geological maps of more than 125,000 square miles. Since 1937 he has been the editor of the Journal of Paleontology.
H. H. REMMERS, Pro- Lessor of Education and Director of the Division of Educational Refer- ence in Purdue since 1931, was born in Nor- den, Germany, near the Dutch border, in 1-892. In his childhood his
fiamily camtle to America, settling on a farm in southwestern Iowa. He received his A.B. degree
from Iowa in 1921, the A.i. in 1922, and the Ph.D. in 1927f In 1922-23 he was an instructor in psychology and education, and he has been summer lecturer at Iowa, California, and Wash- ington, and continuously on the staff of Purdue since 1923. He has published numerous (about 200) technical papprs and monographs. His latest book (with N. L. Gage) is "Educational Measure- ment and Evaluation," the first in a series on "Education for Living," of which he is editor for Harper and Brothers. He has come to realize that the human animal is as much homo patiens as ho mo sapiens, and this realization has influ- enced his choice of work. For 6 years he was Secretary of the A.A.A.S. Section on Education and he is now a vice president.
INVENTORS-The Lion Manufacturing Corpora- tion of Chicago, a highly rated concern, employing 1,400 is interested in inventions for their plant and affiliated companies. Our interest is in patented or patentable electrical or mechanical devices for post- war development in the following fields: Radio and Television, Sound and Recording, Household Appli- anees, Veendiiig Machines, Coin Operated Amusement Devices, in fact almost anything of metal or plastic. We invite inventors to send us details concerning their patented inventions. If your invention is not patented, tell us in a general way what you have to offer. If we are interested, we shall inform you how to communicate details without endangering your rights.
THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA,
The Geological So- ciety of America
NV -'~~~L was organized 57 years ago for "the promotion of the science of geology
oQw ~ 0 S t u m in North Amer- --ica." Through
o t g | i ) yymy X X the bequest of Dr. R. A. F. Pen- . rose, Jr., received
- in 1932, the So- ciety is now rec- ognized as "the
, great geological foundation." All
- ~ phases of geo- logic science are recognized, repre-
sented and supported with grants-in-aid of re- search and publication, and the Society cooperates with all special national geological societies, es- tablished geological agencies of government and international geological organizations. Member- ship is by invitation and election; is based upon scientific contribution. Initiation and annual dues are $10.
Publications include the Bulletin carrying five to seven papers per monthly issue, with photo- graphic plates, text figures and folded charts and maps (some in color). The Special Papers, largely in paleontology, too long for either the Bulletin or the Journal of Paleontology, are issued occasionally. The Memoirs are longer papers also; areal monographs of wider reader interest or treatises on special techniques. The Bibliog- raphy and Index of Geologic Literature exclusive of North America is issued annually (biennial during war years), and complements the North American Index of the United States Geological Survey.
All publications are available to the public on subscription or on a cash basis at cost. Current issues carry lists of all publications with prices, and orders are promptly filled.
HENRY R. ALDRICH, Secretary 419 West 117 Street, New York 27, N. Y.
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THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION oF ECONOMIC EN- TOMOLOGISTS was organized in 1889 and the first volume of its official organ, the Journal of Eco- nomic Entomology, was published 1908. Prior to that time, reports of the meetings were in- cluded in publications of the old Division of En- tomology of the U. S. Department of Agriculture.
The Association is organized to promote the study, and advance the science of entomology, and to publish the Journal of Econontic Entomol- ogy and other entomological works. To date, six volumes of the Bibliography of Economic En- tomotology have been published, based on five year intervals. As a result of the joint summer meet- ing at Durham, New Hampshire, a symposium, Chemical Control of Insects, was published by the A.A.A.S. The Common Names of Insects is also printed at intervals by the American Asso- ciation of Economic Entomologists.
The Association has a membership of approxi- mately 1,650 and a subscription list of about 2,500, of which 2,200 are on this continent and the balance in nearly every country of the world.
Subject matter sections in Apiculture, Plant Pest Control and Quarantine, Extension, Teach- ing and Industrial Entomology have been ap- proved. Three regional branches hold annual conferences and several independent entomologi- cal organizations are affiliated.
ERNEST N. CORY Secretary-Treasurer and
Business Manager College Park, Md.
THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION
Object: To improve the nutritional status of human beings; to bring about closer cooperation among di- etitians and nutritionists and work- ers in allied fields; to raise the standard of dietary work.
Membership: Individual; 7,000 pro- fessionally qualified dietitions em- ployed in hospitals, college, school and industrial food service, restau- rants, public health agencies and other institutions.
Publications: Journal, monthly, $3.00. 0
GLADYS E. HALL, Executive Secretary
620 North Michigan Avenue Chicago 11, Illinois
MEET THE AUTHORS, Continued
JACOB CHAITKIN, attor- ney from Ci New- York City and since Septemi-i ber 1942, in the Ameri- can armed forces, was born on the shores of the Baltic, in Russia. During his childhood he attended a governmen- tal school of the type of the Real-Gymnasium, and spoke Russian and
-~German with equal flu- ency. His college and law degrees were received froin the University 'of Pittsburgh. For twenty years he ipracticed law in New York City. Dur- ing several years preceding the war he specialized in litigation against the North German Lloyd Line and other German corporate debtors. Having command of both English and Russian, he trans- lated many fine examples of Russian literature into English, which were published in such maga- zines as The Freeman, Poet Lore, Golden Book-, and Encore magazine. He has taught Russian in the Pentagon Building; e ore recently in Califor- nia Institute of Technology, and had an article, "Russian is So Easy to Learn," in the November, 1943, Esquire.
V. S. SWAMINATHAN, author of the article "Sci- entific and Industrial Research" in this issue of THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY, is a native of India and graduated from Madras University in Natu- ral Science. For a short time he was a Lecturer in Geology in Presidency College, also in Madras, a city of over 600,000 population in southeastern India on the Bay of Bengal. He was a Medallist of the Mining and Geological Institute of India, Calcutta, and Sir William Meyer Student for Post-graduate Research in Economics and Urban Geography at London University. He is the author of several papers on geology and geogra- phy which he has presented before the Indian Science Congress and the British Association for the Advancement of Science. He is now making a study of planned economic development in Britain and of demnographic and land utilizationl problems in Europe.
EDWARD H. DAVIs and E. YALE DAWSON were pictured and publicized on page iv of the March issue of THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY, in Which the first part of their article on "The Savage Seris of Sonora" appeared. They continue their discus- sion of what ultimiately happens to those who choose to wage total war.
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Four hundred and eighty telephone conversations over a coaxial cable was one of the last peacetime achievements of Bell ii_~ a _ Telephone Laboratories. In this multi-channel telephone system, each conversation is trans-
ported by its own carrier current. At each end of the line are crystal gateways; each opens in response to its own particular "'carrier" with the message it transports. In telephone ter- minology, these gateways are filters.
The ultra-selective characteristic of these filters is made possible by piezo-electric quartz plates, cut in a special manner from the mother
crystal, and mounted in vacuum. Each set of plates is precisely adjusted so that the filter responds only to the frequency of its assigned channel rejecting all others. In the coaxial terminal equipment, such crystal gates sort out messages for delivery to their, four hundred and eighty individual destinations.
In recent years, Bell Telephone Laboratories research has provided the Armed Forces with many types of electrical equipment in which frequency is controlled by quartz crystals. Notable is the tank radio set which enables a tank crew to communicate over any one of 80 different transmission frequency channels by simply plugging in the appropriate crystal. The future holds rich possibilities for the use of quartz crystals in Bell System telephone service.
BELL TELEPHONE LABORATORIES l \ Exploring and inventing, devising and perfecting for our Armed Forces at war and for continued improvemenfs and economies in telephone service.
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