Front Matter Source: The Scientific Monthly, Vol. 61, No. 5 (Nov., 1945), pp. i-xii Published by: American Association for the Advancement of Science Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/18549 . Accessed: 08/05/2014 18:46 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. . American Association for the Advancement of Science is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Scientific Monthly. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 169.229.32.137 on Thu, 8 May 2014 18:46:15 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
Transcript
Front MatterSource: The Scientific Monthly, Vol. 61, No. 5 (Nov., 1945), pp. i-xiiPublished by: American Association for the Advancement of ScienceStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/18549 .
Accessed: 08/05/2014 18:46
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
.JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].
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Three at Bimini . . . E. A. Andrews, R. P. Bigelow, and T. H. Morgan 333
Ethnic Patterns in Latin America .Harry L. Shapiro 345 Social and Moral Implications of Science .Joseph Schneider 353 Biologists in the National Roster .Roger C. Smith 359 The Naturalist's Dilemma .Alexander F. Skutch 361
Our Everyday Reckonings. Oystein Ore 372 The Fable of the Scientist and the Poet .Paul H. Oehser 378
The Science Core in Liberal Education .A. J. Carlson 379 An Anthropological Bibliosymposium .W. M. Krogman et al. 382
Impressions of India ..... . Ralph W. Phillips 397
Science on the March . . . . . . .413
Comments and Criticisms .. ..... 419
Meet the Authors ..v
PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE Smithsonian Institution Building, Washington 25, D. C.
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An illustrated magazine broadly inter- Address all correspondence concerning edi- preting to the thoughtful public the prog- torial matters and advertising to the Office ress of science and its relations to the prob- of The Scientific Monthly, Smithsonian In- lems confronting civilization. Published by stitution Building, Washington 25, D. C. the Amnerican Association for the Advance- Office of publication, North Queen St. and ment of Science, Smithsonian Institution McGovern Avenue (The Science Press Print- Building, Washington 25, D. C. ing Co.), Lancaster, Pa.
Edited by F. L. Campbell. Subscriptions: The calendar year, $5.00; Advertising Manager: Theo. J. Christensen. single numbers, 50 cents. Editorial Advisers: John E. Flynn, D. R. Orders for subscriptions and requests for
Hooker, Kirtley F. Mather, and William J. changes of address should be directed to the Robbins. Office of the Permanent Secretary of the
Contributing Editors:- William A. Albrecht Association, Smithsonian Institution Build- Arthur Bevan, L. V. Domm, Wilton M. ing, Washington 25, D. C. Two weeks are Krogtnan, B. S. Meyer, Fratik H. H. Roberts, required to effect changes of address. Jr., Malcolm H. Soule, Edward J. Stieglitz, Copyright, 1945, by the American Asso- Harlan T. Stetson, and H. B. Tukey. ciation for the Advancement of Science.
Entered as second-class matter at the post office at Lancaster, Pa., U. S. A. July 18, 1923, under the Act of March 3, 1879.
THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE
Founding and Organization
IN 1848, on September 20, the Association was formally organized and held its first meeting; in 1874 it was incorporated under the laws of the Com- monwealth of Massachusetts and given the right to receive, purchase, hold and convey property. Its gov- erning body is a Council, now having 255 members.
The Association is national in scope, with member- ship open to the whole world on equal terms, and its interests include the broad fields of the natural and the social sciences. Its varied activities are carried on under 16 sections with which 189 affiliated and associated societies, having a combined membership of nearly a million, cooperate in organizing programs for its meetings.
Members and Meetings
All persons engaged in scientific work, all who find pleasure in following scientific discoveries, all who believe that through the natural and social sciences a better society may be achieved are eligible for mem- bership in the Association. From its founding, the most distinguished of American scientists, including every American Nobel Laureate in science and every president of the National Academy of Sciences, have been members. The names of many university presi- dents, of eminent scholars in widely different fields,
anid of men notable for public service, including a United States Senator, a Justice of the Stupreme Court, and a former president of the United States, are now on its roll of more than 27,000 members.
The Association 's meetings are field days of science attended by thousands of participants at whieh hun- dreds of scientists vie with one another for the plea- sure and the honor of presenting results of researches of the greatest benefit to their fellow men. An enlightened daily press reports their proceedings throughout the country.
Opportunity and Responsibility
A world torn by conflicts and fearful of the future is looking more and more toward scientists for leader- slhip. The opportunity for unparalleled service is theirs and the fact that they have available the only essentially new methods, if not purposes, imposes an equal responsibility. For these reasons it will be the Association 's steadfast purpose to promote closer relations among the natural and the social scientists, and between all scientists and other persons with similar aspirations, to the end that they together may discover means of attaining an orderliness in human relations comparable to that which they find in the natural world about them.
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-MEET THE AUTHORS NONE of the three at Bimnini wanted any atten- tion drawn to himself. We must therefore refer our readers to American Men of Science where it will be found that all three were starred in zool- ogy or biology in the first edition of this refer- ence book. Dr. Andrews, the oldest of the three, never left Johns Hopkins; Dr. Bigelow served throughout his life at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Dr. Morgan, the most famous of the three and the youngest, became internation- ally known for his work in genetics at Columbia and later was awarded a Nobel prize. Dr. An- drews was the leader of the expedition to Bimini, just as he was the leader in writing the story of that bright summer of fifty-three years ago. It was Andrews who was particularly interested in Amphioxus, Bigelow who studied jellyfish and squillas, and Morgan who was the specialist on tornariae and Balanoglossus. This is not the first time Dr. Andrews has reported on the trip to Bimini. A brief story was published in the Seventeenth Annual Report of the President'of the Johns Hopkins University for 1892. Writing about the Marine Laboratory, summer of 1892, Dr. Andrews remarked: "Owing to the inacces- sibility of the islands and the difficulty in sup- porting a large party there, the number was re- strieted, so that only three, R. P. Bigelow, E. A. Andrews, and T. H. Morgan, set out early in June by way of Key West."
HAIRY L. SHAPIRO, Ph.D., has been Chair- iaian of the Department of Anthropology of The
Amoaerican Museum of Natural History since
1a942. He is also Pro- fessor of Anthropology at Columbia University, and has an Honorary Staff position at the Bishop Mvuseum, Hono- lulu. Dr. Shapiro's field
of research is physical anthropology, a subject which he has pursued at hoiie and on many field expeditions to various parts of the world. lie has published The Heritage of the Bounty and M1igration and Environment, in addition to a nuiiiber of scientific articles. Dr'. Shapiro was a Bostonian and has a Harvard Ph.D., 1926.
CLARENCE R. WYLIE, JR., (p. 371) Departmnent of Mathematics, Ohio State University, is on leave of absence in the Propeller Laboratory of the Army's Wrigfht Field ini Dayton.
NEW BOOKS Francis B. Sumner was a long-tiine contributor
to SM and, along with many others, we eagerly awaited the appearance of his autobiography. The book, The Life History of an American Naturalist (Jaques Cattell Press, $3.00) is now here, but Death has robbed us of the opportunity to tell its author how enjoyable it is as reading. Dr. Sumner joined the ranks of the immortals on September 6, 1945, and we do not know whether or not he saw in print his last article for SM, "A Biologist Looks at Old Age and Death" (August 1945). The recorded events of his life indicate that he was truly the amanuensis of Time for the days of his life. The candor which he always practiced while living is an important character- istic of the book. No one ever doubted where Sumner stood: he stood on the highest rampart and what he saw from the heights, he relayed to the multitude below in frank and honest language. His autobiography is good reading for everyone and required reading for every scientist.
By the time these pages are printed, the atomic bomb and the host of problems for mankind that follow, cometlike, in its trail, will be common knowledge. Even as we write these words, the President is making pronouncements about its "control,,' and a short distance away on Capitol Hill the representatives of the people are locked in wordy dispute as to which committee shall have control over legislation about it. Since Hiro- shima, the publishers have labored to rush into print books about the bomb, and two arrived just after the October SM went to press. The first to arrive was the full text of the official report Atomic Energy for Military Purposes (Princeton University Press, $1.25). It is a technical report of the activities of the Manhattan Engineer Dis- trict and, while it does not reveal much that has not already been known in 'scientific circles, it does present a well-rounded story of the efforts of the Allied scientists to outrace the Axis scientists. Likeewise it records the participation and contribu-
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NEW BOOKS, Continued tion of American scientists and industrial organi- zation in what was undoubtedly the largest scientific research project of all time.
The next exposition on the atomic bomb re- ceived was Atomic Energy in the Coming Era (Dodd, Mead and Company, $3.00) by David Dietz, the well-known Pulitzer prize-winner and science writer. Mr. Dietz is not a stranger to atomic research and his book reveals a good grasp of the fundamental concepts that underlie atomic energy. The publishers ordered the book fronm himn by telephone, and one can readily understand that the typographical errors and unevenness, at tilmes, of the text were due to the pressure to publish the book while public interest was at its peak. The book starts off with prognostications of the future applications and uses of atomic energy. This is followed by a review of the development of atomic and nuclear theories. Finally, there is an extended description of atonmic fission, including the chemical aspects of the reaction. Lay readers will be somewhat sur- prised by the emphasis given to the part which Einstein contributed to atomic theory. Most of them have long regarded him as a scientist im- mersed in theoretical problems that would have no practical application for generations to come.
The Psychology of Seeing (Philosophical Li- brary, $3.75) is a compilation of the findings of the Visual Research Laboratory of Drake Uni- versity on the subject of Ocular Photography. The mechanics and techniques of ocular photog- raphy are described and certain conclusions and interpretations stated about the possibilities of making advertising more effective and scientific by studying the eye movements and habits of people when they read actual advertisements. In order that the reader may have a thorough understand- ing of the techniques described, a glossary of terms is given in the appendix. One might wish that the printing, particularly of the illustrations, had been given better attention.
THE VISMETER, MODEL A A Technical Bulletin
by CARL D. MILLER, PH.D.
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Andover, Mass.
MEET THE AUTHORS, Continued
JOSEPH SCHNEIDER, Ph.D., was born in Al- buquerque, New Mexico, of imimigrant parents. He writes: "While I was still a small child MY parents mIoved to a little Mornmion frontier Comm nSity in Arizona, called Cactus Flat. I attended the public schools at Safford and the University of Ari-
zona at Tucson. After receiving my degree in education in 1927, taught social science in the Morenci High School. In 1929 I took graduate work at the University of California, Berkeley, receivingf my Ph.D. degree in Social Institutions in 1933. After spending several 'years as re- search assistant and instructor in Social Insti- tutions, I joined the sociology staff in the Uni- versity of Minnesota in 1936. My field of spe- cialization is sociologfical theory. My research publications are all in the field of distinguished achieveiment, with particular emphasis on social origin as a condition for the attainment of eminence."
OYSTEIN ORE, Ph.D., u :was born in Oslo Nor-
way, in 1899, and re- ceived all his early edu- cation in that town. He says: "Later I spent several years studying
. ~~< at various European mathematiKs, sujetswhuniversities, Gttins sen, times dsud u liParis and Stockholmn,
part of the time as a f ellow of the Interna- tional Education Board.
I was made an Assistant Professor at the Uni- versity of Oslo in 1s925, came to Yale in 1927s and since 1-929 I have been Professor of Mathe- matics at Yale. My early interests were num- her theory and algebra but later I have turned towards the abstract and very general parts of mathematics, subjects whose importance is some- times disputed, much like the abstract and non- objective in art. I have a firm conviction that mathematics should never be permitted to deteri- orate to become mainly a tool of the natural sciences since it has a cultural tradition and value of its own which one should strive to preserve and continue." His essay on "Reckonings" was a popular lecture f or a small group at Yale.
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PAUL H. 0EIHSER, A.B., is officially editor for the U. S. National Mu- seun of the Smithson- ian Institution, a posi- tion he has held since 1931. Unofficially he has many other respon- sibilities, one of which seems to be to nlake life happier for others. We have wanted to in-
'0hasbtatr Photo troduce Mr. Oehser to our readers for a long
time. We did mention him in the Brownstone Tower for June 1945 where we acknowledged his assistance to us as a writer and critic of poetry. Having worked with scientists for many years, he understands the scientific mind, as is demon- strated by his fable in this issue. Mr. Oehser, who has just turned forty, entered scientific edi- torial work through his major college interest in English and journalism. His first editorial job was with the Bureau of Biological Survey. His ability as a writer of prose and verse is attested by his membership in the Cosmnos Club of Wash- ington, D. C. Among his many publication out- lets was F.P.A.'s Conning Tower.
WILTON MARION KROG- MAN, Ph.D., is another contributor of whomi we can speak from per- s~_nal knowledge. He is now Associate Prof es- sor of Anatomy and Physical Anthropology at the University of Chicago. He is a big hearty man whose zest for life appears in his slightly unconventional
writing. He would have made a good editor of the SM. Dr. Krogman and his twin brother were born in 1903 in Oak Park near Chicago and both are produets of the University of Chicago where the twin brother is Assistant Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds. Dr. Krognian has also studied at Western Reserve University with the late T. Wingate Todd and in London with Sir Arthur Keith. Being a leading anthropologist, he has all the honors and publications to his credit that nmight be expected. He admnits a liking for historical novels and "whodunits," and when he can he goes fishing and hiking in the mountains. He is an expert witness on bones!
NEW BOOKS, Continued With the shooting war over, and the shouting
war coming up, the publishers are getting paper to publish many of the manuscripts that have long been delayed. That perhaps accounts for the fact that the publishers have sent us several books that are parts of a series. Essential Books, Inc., a new publishing house, sent us copies of four books in the field of applied electricity: Electric Motors and Generators, Electrical Measuring In- struments, Electric Protective Equipmnent, and Industrial Electric Lamps and Lighting ($3.00 each). These books stress the applications of electricity in each of the fields indicated in the titles. They are copiously illustrated and much of the text is in the form of charts and tables to be used by engineering personnel concerned chiefly with the maintenance of equipment. Enough of the theoretical aspects of electricity is included in each so that a person without extensive training in engineering could profitably use the book.
The Miacmlillan Company was another publisher sending nmore than one book. Four new copy- rights came from them. Two books, Plant Life of the Pacific World ($3.50), and Reptiles of the Pacific WVorld ($3.00), are the latest additions to their Pacific World Series. Several of the prev- ious titles in the series have had reviews in SM, and these two will have longer reviews at a later date. Suffice it to say that both are better pro- duced than the pocket-sized editions that were prepared for use by the armed forces personnel. Both have a liberal'anmount of well-executed line illustrations and are interestingly written for the curious, whether he be scientist or laymlan. The third Macmillan book is Ward Shepard's Food or Faminte ($3.00). The subtitle to the book "The Challenge of Erosion" gives a strong clue to the main theme. From 1936 to 1939 MIr. Shepard was Director of the Harvard Forest and is now a conservationist in the- Interior Departmiient. The book is an outline of his recommendations for land reconstruction and upstream engineering through
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* *
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the creation of valley authorities similar to TVA. He is an advocate of completely integrated con- servation operations, as opposed to those who favor the use of dams alone to control the ero- sional ramupages of the various rivers and streams. Finally, there is Science and the Planned State ($1.75) by Dr. John R. Baker of Oxford Uni- versity. In it the banner for freedom of action for the scientist in his research is unfurled, beckoning to all scientists to assume their obliga- tions as citizens to maintain this freedom. Dr. Baker examines some of the changes which have taken place under controlled state direction (par- ticularly in the U. S. S. R.) and those changes which are in danger of occurring in democratic countries if research is not kept free from domina- tion by governmiients. His book contains numerous examples as evidence of the beneficence of in- tellectual freedom of inquiry, as against state planned investigations.
Henry W. Lohse, a Fellow of the Canadian Institute of Chemistry, is the author of Catalytic Chemistry published by the Chemical Publishing Company ($8.50). Most scientists outside the field of chemistry are familiar with the imliportance of catalytic reactions in the industrial field. A fact perhaps known best by those in the biological fields is that the human body is a factory that constantly utilizes the process by the aid of enzymues. The botanists know catalysis because plants, with the aid of that mysterious catalyst, chlorophyll, can synthesize sugars and higher carbohydrates from atmospheric carbon dioxide and water. All of which is by way of an introduc- tion to the subject of the book. All branches of science are becoming more interested in the use of catalysts, and this reference book assembles in one place much of the fundamental knowledge about it. After a brief history of the field, the main topics are catalytic theory, nature and properties of catalysts, specific types of catalytic reactions, and industrial catalytic reactions.
Two medical books received this month are Essentials of Neuro-Psychiatry by David M. Olkon (Lea and Febiger) and Human Biochem- istry by Israel S. Kleiner (C. V. Mosby). There is probably no other subject so intriguing as the working of man's mind. One might add also that there is none so baffling when it is out of working order. Dr. Olkon set for himself the task of presenting to the general audience of medical men, in concrete form, sufficiently up-to- date knowledge of neuropsychiatric problems that the general medical man and the psychiatrist meet in daily practice. To do this, he has carefully considered genetics, intelligence, the influence of
MEET THE AUTHORS, Continued
A. IRVING HALLOWELL,
Ph.D., was born in Philadelphia, Pa., and took both his under-
: - ... . graduate and graduate ffe?BUrs S s. . ..........E. , .
work at the University of Pennsylvania. At the present tinmqe he is Professor of Anthro- pology at Northwestern University and is the vice-president of Sec- tion HI of the A.A.A.S.
Before joining the faculty at Northwvestern he taught at Pennsylvania and was head of the De- partmient of Anthropology there. He has spent miany summiiers amoing the Algonkian Indians of Canada, visiting different tribal groups scattered all the way fromi the southern coast of Labrador to Alberta. In his published papers the tribes of the Lake Winnipeg region speaking the Ojibwa dialect'- have been his chief focus of attention. One of his earliest interests was the problem of cultural ccnnections between th.a Indians of northern North America and the aboriginal peo- ples of northern Asia. Of recent years he has experimiented with th-e Rorschach technique as a psychological instrument for cross-culture studies of personality and culture.
MORRIs E. OPLER., Ph.D., is on leave of absence froml Clare- -iont College to act as
Assistant Chief, For- eign Morale Analysis Division of the Office of War Information. His native city is Buf- falo, N. Y., where he was born in 1907. In 1929 he took his B.A. at the University of
Buffalo and in 1933 his Ph.D. at the University of Chicago. Among the institutions where he has taught are Reed College, University of Wis- consin, University of Chicago, and the Labora- tory of Anthropology of Sante Fe. During 1935-36 he was a Fellow of the General Edu- cation Board, and at the present time he is a Fellow of the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. Dr. Opler tells us that as soon as his work with the OWI is completed he has the job of finishing several papers and reports to be published by the Guggenheim Foundation.
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MEET THE AUTHORS, Continued MELVILLE J. HERSKO- VITS, Ph.D., is Chair- man of the Depart- nment of Anthropology at Northwestern Uni- versity and a former vice-president of the A.A.A.S. (1934). He, was born in Bellefon- taine, Ohio, in 1895. He took his under- graduate work at the University of Chicago,
and Columbia awarded him his doctorate in 1923. Following a short period at Columbia as a Na- tional Research Fellow, he went to Northwestern and has remained there, successively filling all of the instructional grades. He is no armchair anthropologist, as his record testifies. He has been a member of anthropological expeditions to Dutch Guiana, West Africa, Haiti, Trinidad, and Brazil. His primary interest has been in the field of acculturation, or culture contact in proe- ess, with the materials drawn from field researeh in the areas visited on his many expeditions.
WILLIAo N. FENTON Ph.D., is Ethnologist in the Bureau of Amer- ican Ethnology at the Smithsonian Institution. Born in New Rochelle N. Y., in 1-908, he at- tended Dartmouth and Yale, taking his doctor- ate at the latter univer- sity. During 1935-37 he was a community worker with the U. S.
Indian Field Service and from 1938 through 1-939 was on the staff of St. Lawrence University. During the war, in addition to his regular duties he has been associate anthropologist of the Eth- nogeographic Board, a Smithsonian activity sup- ported by grants from the Carnegie and Rocke- feller foundations.
THlS mnonth's issue of SM has four "repeaters." Roger C. Smith's life sketch appeared in the October 1945 authors column. Alexander F. Skutch was introduced in the April 1944 SM. A full-length article about A. J. 'Carison was printed in the February 1944 issue, shortly after he became President of the A.A.A.S. The Apri'l issue of 11945 has notes about Ralph W. Phillips.
NEW BOOKS, Continued food and like factors, and behavior and derangi behavior-in the first section. Succeeding sectio- deal with major personality disorders, organ criteria in mental disorders, organic concoinitani and abnormal behavior types. The whole wo: is amply documented with case histories, illustr tions and bibliography. The equally importa& problem of the biochemiical functioning of ti body is the topic of Dr. Kleiner's voluiime. It intended as a text for use in medical curricula, b- its up-to-dateness will make it useful, too, for t] general medical practitioner who would be a quainted with the newer concepts being taug] in the universities. The final chapter is of pa ticular interest because it deals with recent clinic applications.
Where Do People Take Their Troubles? the title of a Houghton Mifflin publication ($3.0( that has received wide publicity in the gener press. Before we actually received the book fro the publisher, there were two requests for t] assignment of preparing the more extended x view to be published later in SM. This is a boc that scientists would do well to read;. riot th it adds to the sum of scientific knowledge, b rather because it exposes the unscrupulous u that is far too frequently made of scientific fin ings. The author is Mrs. Lee R. Steiner, former of the lecture staff of Chicago, Fordham, ai Rutgers, and now at Hunter College.
Pay Dirt (Devin-Adair, $3.00) is a book th should start some lively controversy in the field, agricultural chemnistry. The author, J. I. Rodal is an adherent of Sir Albert Howard, the note English authority on agriculture, and he frank attributes to Liebig and his followers the responm bility for the deterioration of farm lands. T] thesis of the present volume is that chemic fertilizers are but temporary soil and pla: stimulants that eventually rob the ground of i living organisms and that rehabilitation can on be accomplished by the use of good compost.
ASCIENTIFIC STUD OF HIS METHODS
This book is for those who need to do ORIGINAL think. ng, CLEAR thinking, THINKING WITH A PURPOSE.
Helps you to DISCOVER ideas, tells you how to DEVELOP mth! Explains clearly METHODS OF WORKING to get
RESULTS. H. G. WELLS Writes To The Author . . . I took up your book about a quarter to eight. At nine my parlour maid cme to ask if I wanted any dinner tonight. It is now close on to midnight. But I realize now that your book is of the UTMOST IMPORTANCE and I feel tremendousIy lit up by it . .. Most respectfully yours,
PROBABILITIES Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung und ihre An- wendung in der Statistik und theoretischen Physik. BY RICHARD VON MISES Only edition 1931. Photo-reprint 1945. 574 pages. 90 figures. $7.50. This book combines extraordinary erudition with great clarity and rigor of presentation. The fundamentals of probability are care- fully explained, its applications to statistics and theoretical physics make the book equally valuable to students and scientists.
CALCULUS Lehrbuch der Mathematik fuir Studierende der Naturwissenschaften und der Technik. BY GEORG SCHEFFERS 8th edition 1940. Photo-reprint 1945. 743 pages. 438 figures. $6.50. This book provides an unusually complete course in calculus for the sincere student. It is written with great care and clarity and contains many applications to physics and engineering.
ELECTRONICS Einfiihrung in die Elektronik. BY OTTO KLEMPERER
The experimental physics of free electrons in the light of classical theory and of wave- meehanies. 303 pages. 207 figures. 1933. Photo-re- print 1944. $6.50. A complete summary of the theory and re- sults of experiments on the properties of free electrons.
EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS Praktische Physik. BY FRIEDRICH KOHL- RAUSCH
To be used for teaching, research and engi- neering. 17th completely revised edition, edited by F. Henning in collaboration with E. Brodhun, W. Jaeger, and otliers. 958 pages. 512 figures. 1935. Photo-reprint 1944. $8.75. Contains data about the use and measure- ment of any physical quantity and 55 pages of tables giving the experimental results.
EQUATIONS Die Differential- und Integralgleichungen der Mechanik und Physik. BY PHILIPP FRANK AND RTCHARD VON MTSES Constitluting the 8th edition of RIEMANN- WEBER'S "Partial Differential Equations of Mathematical Physics." 2nd (latest) edition, 1930/35. 2 volumes. 2020 pages. Photo-reprint 1945.
The set $27.50. An outstanding work which is absolutely in- dispensable for the mathematician, the mathe- matical physicist, and the theoretical chemist.
MARY S. ROSENBERG BOOKS E'4LLER,
PUBLITSTER AND IMPORTER 235 West 108th Street, New York 25, N. Y.
NEW BOOKS, Continued The SM recently published the ease for com-
mercial fertilizers. (Brand and Smalley, July, 1945).
The Harvard University Press has released What People Are ($2.00), a report giving the initial findings of a group working under the auspiees of the Grant Foundation. This study, which was initiated in 1938, took as its guiding prineiple the words of Theophrastus "that our ehildren will prove the honester and better eon- ditioned, if we shall leave them good preeedents of imitation," and is a study of normal young men, rather than abnormal personalities. It was the intention of the researeh group, headed by Clark W. Heath, to develop a reeognizable pattern of normal living that eould be used as a measure- ment of attainment. The subjeets of the study were young eollege men whose aetivities were followed not only in their eollege years, but in the posteollege period. The intention is to eontinue eontaet with the subjeets over a long period of time. The organizational methods developed in the study are thoroughly diseussed, and a pattern for future reports is outlined.
The Jaques Cattell Press submitted two books this month in addition to the autobiography of Dr. Sumner mentioned above. This publisher is rapidly expanding its list of titles in the series ealled "Humanizing Seienee." William 0. Hoteh- kiss, president emeritus of Rensselaer Polyteehnic Institute, is the author of Mlinerals of Might ($2.50), a poeket-sized volumne that traees briefly, and with interesting and well-seleeted examples, the history and expansion of sueh natural re- sourees as coal, aluminum, petroleum, silver, gold, and eopper. To take tlle text out of the usual stereotyped reeital of faets and figures, Dr. Hotehkiss has employed a dialogue style and the book is built around an iimiaginary trip taken with five friends on a big iron-ore freighter traveling the Great Lakes. The seeond Cattell book is Hidden Hunger ($3.00) by Ieie G. Maey and Harold H. Williams, Director and Associate Di- rector, respectively, of the Research Laboratory of the Children's Fund of Michigan. The range of topics covered is comprehensive and includes the science of nutrition, choosing and using nutri- ments, the calculations of adequate diets for dif- ferent levels of activity and the important eco- nomic problem of providing wholesome, nourishing food for the lower income groups of our popula- tion. The book should find wide use among scientists who have administrative responsibility for food programs.-T. J. C.
Orders for the books noticed in these columns should not be sent to THEI SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY or the A.A.A.S., but to your bookseller or the publisher.
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One wish has been fulfilled. Won by 3? years of deadly struggle. With God's help, we have prevailed.
Now we have a chance to make an- other wish come true. For most of us, the outlook is a bright one. If we will simply use the brains, the will, the en- ergy, the enterprise . .. the materials and resources. . . with which we won our war, we can't fail to win the peace and to make this the richest, happiest land the world has known.
Your wishes have been wrapped in that bright outlook. Your wish for a cottage by a lake. For your boy's col-
lege education. For a trip you long to take. For a "cushion" against emer- gencies and unforeseen needs.
You can make those wishes come true by buying bonds today ... buying them regularly . . . and holding on to them in spite of all temptation.
There's no safer, surer investment in the world. You can count on getting back $4 for every $3 you put in E Bonds-as surely as you can count on being a day older tomorrow.
So why not be patriotic and smart at the same time?
FULFILL YOUR WISH-BUY EXTRA BONDS
IN THE GREAT VICTORY LOAN!
American Association for the Advancement of Science Smithsonian Institution Buiilding
Washington 25, D.C.
This is an official U. S. Treasury advertisement-prepared under auspices of Treasury Department and War Advertising Council
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IN I663 when he was only 24, James Gregory, Scottish mathematician and astronomer, published his treatise Optical Promota, an optically accurate account of mirrors and lenses beginning with the re-discovery of the sine-law of Snellius and Descartes which Gregory'supported first by mathematical argument and next by careful experiments, followed by an account of a reflecting telescope.
But, he had no means of constructing such an instrument.
In London where he went in hopes of finding an optician capable of making his telescope, Gregory met Collins and Hooke who put him in touch with a celebrated craftsman, Reive. An attempt was made but the resulting mirrors were a failure and the project was abandoned. Later, Hooke succeeded and in I 674 pre- sented the first Gregorian telescope to the Royal Society.
If Gregory had been looking for some- one to construct his telescope today, he might well have taken his project to Perkin-Elmer. For it has been the privi- lege of Perkin-Elmer to collaborate in the invention, construction, and im- provement of many optical instruments and elements. Perkin-Elmer scientists and engineers have been working suc- cessfully with leaders of Industry, Edu-
cation, and the Armed Forces to make possible the mass production of instru- ments of even greater accuracy for war- time and post-war industrial analysis, control, inspection, and observation.
WHAT PERKIN-ELMER MAKES
Perkin-Elmer serves the optical sciences that broaden man's horizons by supply- ing them with:
Custom-built optical instruments for industrial analysis, control and in- spection.
New optical devices to solve specific problems, such as the all-purpose infra- red spectrometer.
Special elements such as fine lenses, prisms, flats, photographic objectives, interferometer plates, retardation plates, Cornu prisms, Rochon prisms, Nicol prisms.
Perkin-Elmer is now ioo% in war work, but after the war will resume manufacture of such peace-time prod- ucts as Schmidt cameras, refracting and reflecting telescopes, equatorial mount- ings, oculars, direct-vision prism-s, polar- izing eye pieces, and other equipment.
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