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Front Matter Source: The Scientific Monthly, Vol. 62, No. 5 (May, 1946), pp. i-xii Published by: American Association for the Advancement of Science Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/18693 . Accessed: 01/05/2014 19:09 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. . American Association for the Advancement of Science is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Scientific Monthly. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 62.122.78.59 on Thu, 1 May 2014 19:09:54 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
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Page 1: Front Matter

Front MatterSource: The Scientific Monthly, Vol. 62, No. 5 (May, 1946), pp. i-xiiPublished by: American Association for the Advancement of ScienceStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/18693 .

Accessed: 01/05/2014 19:09

Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp

.JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].

.

American Association for the Advancement of Science is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve andextend access to The Scientific Monthly.

http://www.jstor.org

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Page 2: Front Matter

The

SCIENTIF IC MONTHILY May 1946

CONTENTS

American Road Maps and Guides .Walter W. Ristow 397 Catalysis in Industry, Biology, and Medicine . . . Jerome Alexander 407 Insect Control for the Marines .Lt. (jg) John M. Hutzel 417 The Army's War against Malaria .Major Thomas A. Hart 421 The Strange Case of Blaise Pascal .Rufus Suter 423 Integration in Science Teaching .Frederick S. Hammett 429 An Adventure in Synthesis .Oliver Justin Lee 433 Criteria of Patentability .J. Harold Byers 435 General Semantics and the Science of Man . . Charles I. Glicksb.erg 440 Considerations in Regard to Tax Capitalization . . Carl F. Wehrwein 447 Seeing Summer Sounds. . W. H. Pielemeier 450 Evaporation Regions in the United States. . Stephen S. Visher 453 Sunburn Protection .Arthur C. Giese and Julian M. Wells 458 Science on the March ..465 Book Reviews ..469 Comments and Criticisms. .475 Meet the Authors ... v

I?UBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE Smithsonian institution Building, Washington 25, D. C.

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Page 3: Front Matter

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Navy's 7x50 Model

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-o, ine g of 7t5h m o n e y

Binocular t h e m yourself with all of

the very same optics contained in the Navy's 7 Power Glasses ... the Binoculars which received such wide acclaim during the war. Depending on your choice, you. may buy a near perfect set of Lenses and Prisms for the Binocular construction Job, or a set of seconds (exactly the same units, but Lenses are uncemented and have some imperfections). If, however, you wish ,to construct a Monocular (Pre a Binocular) you may do So, choosing either near perfect components or sec- onds. The Monocular gets comprise'. quantities of the same optics required for the Binocular. The full near perfect Binocular Set comprises the following:- 2 Cemented Achromatic Eye Piece Lenses, 17.5 mms. diam.; 2 Eye Field Lenses; 4 Porro Prisms; 2 Ce- mented Achromatic Objective Lenses, diam. 52 mms. Complete assembly directions included, but no metal parts. Stock #5Jo2-X-Near Perfect Binocular Set.

$25.00 Postpaid Stock #5108-X-Near Perfect Monocular Set.

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MICROSCOPE SETS Consisting of two Achromatic Lenses and two Convex Eye Piece Lenses which you can use to make a 40 Power Pocket Microscope, or 140 Power Regular Size Microscope. These color corrected Lenses will give you excellent definition. Stock #1052-X .$8.00 Postpaid Consisting of Prism, Mirror and Condensing Lens. These used together with Stock #1052-X will make an excellent Microprojector enabling you to get screen magnification of 400 to 1,000 Power according to screen distance Stock #1038-X. 2.00 Postpaid OPTICS FROM 4-PQWER PANORAMIC TELE- SCOPE-Excellent condition. Consists of Objective Prism, Dove Prism, Achromatic Objective Lens, Amici Roof Prism, Eye Lens Set ,(. . . a $60.00 value). Stock #5016-X .$8.00 Postpaid RAW OPTICAL GLASS-An exceptional opportunity to secure a large variety of optical pieces, both Crown and Flint glass (seconds) in varying stages of proc- essing. Many prism blanks. Stock #708-X 8 lbs. (Minimum weight) $5.00 Postpaid Stock #702-X 1X lbs ................. $1.00 Postpaid SPECTROSCOPE SETS . . . These sets contain all Lenses and Prisms you need to make a Spectroscope Plus FREE 15-page Instruction Booklet. Stock #1500-X-Hand Type ........... $8.45 Postpaid Stock #1501-X-Laboratory Type . $6.50 Postpaid RIICIGHT ANGLE PRISM-Flint Optical Glass, size 41 mm. by 91 mm. by 64 mm. Use in front of camera Lens to take pictures to right or left while pointing camera straight ahead. Also used in front of camera Lens to reverse image in direct positive work. Two of these Prisms will make an erecting system for a Telescope. Stock #8076-X ................. $8....... .00 Postpaid BIG DOUBLE CONVEX LENS-74 mm. diam., 99 mm. P.L. Weighs 9 oz. Made of borosilicate Crown Optical Glass. Used as spotlight Lens, Condensing Lens, etc. Stock #t1048-X ................P........ $.50 Postpaid 35 MM. KODACHROME PROJECTING LENS SET- Consists of Achromatic Lens for projecting, plus a Condensing Lens, and piece of Heat Absorbing Glass with directions. Stock #4025-X .$1.95 Postpaid WE HAVE LITERALLY MILLIONS OF WAR SUR- PLUS LENSES AND PRISMS FOR SALE AT BAR- GAIN PRICES. WRITE FOR CATALOG "X"- SENT FREE I

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Page 4: Front Matter

THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY

SPEEDOMAXP CREORDE ER

Photos Courtesy Physics Dept., Ohio State Univ.

In the Physics Dept. Lab)oratories of Ohio State Uni- .0. z5 .,. .t..i.. , ?/ 0g"

versity, as in many other labs, infra-red absorption ->- measurements are now being recorded by means of a Speedornax high-speed Recorder The Department has . . ....

dispensed with hand-drawn curves of these measure^ ments, because Speedomax records are so quickly and X" automatically obtained; so accurate and dependable.

The Speedoinax is the L&N high-speed potentiometer recorder in which the balancing mechanism is electroni- cally controlled. Its speed is such that the pen crosses the chart in about U' seconds. To record infra-red absorption, the user has only to provide an amplifying .. . . - link between the Recorder and the radiation receiver of his own spectrometer.

If you are interested in infra-red recording, an L&N This Speedomax record is only actual engineer would be glad to discuss Speedomax as applied rotational line of 10 micron absorption to your specific problem. band in spectrum of NH3.

2 E~~~ED & NORTHRUP COMPANY, 4945 STENTON AVE., PHILA. 44, PA.

MEASURING INSTRUMENTS * TELEMETERS ^ AUTOMATIC CONTROLS * HEAT-TREATING FURNACES

Jrl A E-90(2e)

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Page 5: Front Matter

THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY

-- ------ . .. . .. . .. . . . . . . . .. .

* A "'SEARCHLIGHT" TO

FOCUS RADIO WAVES

In the new microwave radio relay system between New York and Boston, which Bell Laboratories are developing for the Bell System, giant lenses will shape and aim the wave energy as a search- light aims a light beam.

This unique lens-an array of metal plates- receives divergent waves through a waveguide in the rear. As they pass between the metal plates their direction of motion is bent inward - f-k- thf-- ---n7, furnrels oit as nearlAvr nrAl-

lel beam. At the next relay point a similar combination of lens and waveguide, working in reverse, funnels the energy back into a re- peater for amplifcation and retransmission.

A product of fundamental research on wave- guides, metallic lenses were first developed by the Laboratories during the war to produce precise radio beams.

But how to focus waves is only one of many problems that Bell Telephone Laboratories are working on to speed microwave transmission. The goal of this and all Bell Laboratories research is the same - to keep on making American tele- phone service better and better.

X!4

Exploring and inventing, devising and perfecting for continued improvemenfs and economies in felephone service

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Page 6: Front Matter

Nwa6&~ag~e p?7fe

INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH LABORATORIES OF THE UNITED STATES

(Eighth Edition, 1946)

Five years have now passed since the National

Research Council issued the 7th edition of

Industrial Laboratories of the United States.

During the intervening years many changes

have taken place . . . new laboratories have

been established . . . some have ceased to

exist . . . consolidations have taken place

. . .personnel changes have been made.

The 8th Edition is in press.

In recent months a complete canvass of

several thousand laboratories has been made

and up-to-date basic data about 2,427 in-

dustrial laboratories have been assembled.

For the first time, a separate section lists

some 200 colleges and universities that have

cooperative research facilities or relationships

with industrial organizations.

Reserve your copy now! The 8th edition of Industrial Research Lab-

oratories will be a limited edition based on the

number of prepublication orders received.

To be sure that this important and unique

source of information on American industrial

research laboratories is in your library, re-

serve your copies now by returning the order

form with $5.00 for each copy wanted.

Approximately 400 pages, 7 x 10 Publication date: about July 1, 1946

ORDER FORM Publication Office National Research Council 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washington 25, D. C.

Please, reserve ...... copies of Industrial Research Laboratories of the United States (8th ed., 1946). Remittance of $........ is enclosed.

Name ............................................................. .. .. .. .. .. .. .

Address ........... .I.................

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Page 7: Front Matter

iv THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY

THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY Vol. LXII, No. 5 MAY 1946 Whole No. 368

An illustrated magazine broadly inter- Address all correspondence concerning preting to the thoughtful public the prog- editorial matters and advertising to the ress of science and its relations to the prob- Office of The Scientific Monthly, Smith- lems confronting civilization. Published by sonian Institution Building, Washington the American Association for the Advance- 25, D. C. ment of Science, Smithsonian Institution Office of publication North Queen St. Buldng W1tt -Xashi OfSef uetlon 2, Nort CunS. Bulding, Washington 25 D. and McGovern Avenue (The Science Press

Editor: F. L. Campbell. Printing Co.), Lancaster, Pa. Assistant Editor: Gladys M. Keener. Subscriptions: The calendar year, $5.00; Advertising Manager: T. J. Christensen. single numbers, 50 cents. Editorial Advisers: J. E. Flynn, D. R. Orders for subscriptions and requests for

Hooker, K. F. Mather, and W. J. Robbins. changes of address should be directed to Contributinzg Editors: William A. Al- the Office of the Permanent Secretary of

breCht, Arthur Bevan, K. Starr Chester L the Association, Smithsonian Institution V. Domm, Wilton M. Krogman, B. s . Building, Washington 25, D. C. Two weeks Meyer, Paul H. Oehsenr, Frank H. . Rob- are required to effect changes of address. erts, Jr., Edward J. Stieglitz, Harlan T. Copyright, 1946, by the American Asso- Stetson, and H. B. Tukey. ciation for the Advancement of Science.

Enteied as second-class matter at the post office at Lanicaster, Pa., U. S. A. July 18, 1923, under the Act of March 3, 1879.

THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

Founding and Organization

IN 1848, on September 20, the Association was formally organized and held its flrst meeting; in 1874 it was incorporated under the laws of the Commoniwealth of Massachusetts and given the right to receive, purchase, hold and convey prop- erty. Its governing body is a Council, now having 255 members.

The Association is national in scope, with mem- bership open to the whole world on equal terms, and its interests include the broad fields of the natural and the social sciences. Its varied activi- ties are carried on under 16 sections with which 196 affiliated and associated societies, having a combined membership of nearly a million, cooper- ate in organizing programs for its meetings.

Members and Meetings

All persons engaged in scientific work, all who find pleasure in following scientific discoveries, all who believe that through the natural and social sciences a better society may be achieved are eligi- ble for membership in the Association. From its founding, the most distinguished of American sci- entists, including every American Nobel Lauireate in science and every president of the National Academy of Scieuees-, have been members. The names of many uiiersity presidents, of eminient

scholars in widely differenit fields, and of men notable for public service, including a United States Senator, a Justice of the Supreme Court, and a former president of the United States, are now on its roll of more than 27,000 members.

The Association 's meetings are field days of science attended by thousands of participants at which hundreds of scientists vie with one another for the pleasure and the honor of presenting results of researehes of the greatest benefit to their fellow men. An enlightened daily press reports their proceedings throughout the country.

Opportunity and Responsibility

A world torn by conflicts and fearful of the future is looking more and more toward scientists for leadership. The opportunity for unparalleled service is theirs and the fact that they have avail- able the only essentially new methods, if not pur- poses, imposes an equal responsibility. For these reasons it will be the Association's steadfast pur- pose to promote closer relations among the natural and the social scientists, and between all scientists and other persons with similar aspirations, to the end that they together may discover means of at- taining an orderliness in human relations compa- rable to that which they find in the natural world about them.

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Page 8: Front Matter

THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY

MEEI' THE AUTHORS

WALTER W. RiSTOw Ph.D., is associated wit] the Map division of th New York Public Li brary. He was born i La Crosse, Wis., in 190 and majored in geogra phy at the

Universita

of Wisconsin. He eon

tinuhed

his studies ii geography at Oberlih College and Clark Uni versiLty with intervals o

Leaching his subj ect at Berea College and tho EJastern Washington College of Education When he receivedJ his Ph.D. from Clark in 193'1 .le joined the st-aff of the New York Publi4 Library. Fromn 1942 to 1944 he served as hea( if the Geography and Map Section of the

Nea

York Office of Military Intelligence. Dr Ristow had a happy thought when he turne( ais interest in miaps to a study of autonmobib L~oad m-aps for the SM. There is sweet nostalgif .n his story -for those who, as boys,' COUk Identify every a'utomobile on the road an( Ireamed of the day when they might drive ~tutz or a Marmon.

JEROME ALEXANDER M.Sc., is an emineni consulting chemist anc chemical engineer with an office and laboratory at the Chemists' Club ir New York City. A tru( New Yorker, he was born in the big city al- most seventy years agc and was educated at the College of the City of New York. Until 1921

he was employed as treasurer and chief chemist of certain companies; then he established his own consulting business. Mr. Alexander is re- garded as an authority on colloid chemistry, a difficult braneh of chemistry that extends from physical chemistry to biology and has important technological and medical significance. Mr. Alexander has followed the ramifications of colloid chemistry into many other fields, becomn- ing in the proeess ofle of- chemistry's great scholars. His broad interests are exemplified by his present article on catalysts, which ranges from 100-octane gasoline to cancer. His own book Colloid Chemistry reached its fourth edi-

ENDULESS HORIZONSD By Vannevar Bush

Based upon the most significant recent papers by Dr. Buish, End less Horizons contains chap- ters on the following subjects: The inscrutable past. As we may think. A program for to- morrow. The war against disease. The public welfare. Renewal of scientific talent. Re- conversion opportunities. The means to the end. Research on military problems. The control of atomic energy. Research and the war effort. The teamwork of technicians. The qualities o-e a profession. Our tradition of opportunity. The need for patent reforms. Science for world service. The builders.

"A brilliant message"l

"'This book is a brilliant message every real Amer- ican owes it to his conscience to read. ' '-New York Daily Mirror.

"A fascinating and alarming book"

"This is a fascinating and alarming book . . . To begin with, it is astoundingly lucid and logical. Scientists use a jargon of their own and for the layman to try to understand them is a mere dark- ening of counsel.. And when scientists write on general subjects, they often go off at half-cock and talk nonsense. Not Bush . . . In his chapter dealing with the public welfare, with research and the place of government in supporting basic scien- tific work, Bush is first rate. On patents he is, so important that what he says should be broadcast. And when he writes of scientific education it is most impo:rtant of all. "-New York Sun.

"As realistic as an atomic bomb"

"Get this book and read it . . . It is an amazinig book, written with good natured tolerance for the measure of other men 's minds, but not without warning . . . it is as realistic as an atomic bomb and just about as devastating, metaphorically speaking. There are so many good things in Endless Horizons that the urge to quote is con- stant. "-Norfolk Ledger Dispatch.

182 pages-$2.50 per rcopy postpaid

American Council on Public Affairs 2153 Florida Ave., Washington, D. C. Please se-nd me a copy of Endless Hoiizons. Am enclosing $2.50

Name ....

A d d ress ...............................................................................................................

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Page 9: Front Matter

TEHE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY

MEET THE AUTHORS, Continued tion in 1937, and- he is the editor of, and con- tributor to, six large volumes on Colloid Chem- istry, Theoretical and Applied, containing con- tributions from about 350 scientists from many nations. Mr. Alexander is also known as the poet of chemistry. Collections of some of his verse have appeared as Essences from Life's Alembic and Retorts from a Chemist's Labora- tory.

J-OHN M. HUTZEL, Ph.D., becamnIe Administrative Assistanit of the Amneri- can Association for the Advancement of Science after his separation fromii the Navy late last year. Hle now shares the "Dungeoni" with Dr. E It. Moulton. He was born in Benton Harbor, Mich., in 1916 and grew up in Detroit and Ann

Arbor where he graduated fronm the University of MAichigan. In the course of his graduate re- search at the Ohio State University he developed a chalklike stick of sodium fluoride for roach conitrol and studied quantitatively the initial paralytic effect of pyrethrum on roaches. Be- fore entering the Navy in 1943 as a malariologist Dr. Hutzel served for a year as instructor in insecticides at O.S.U. and worked on rotenone insecticides for the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine. In the Navy he was attached to the mnalaria and epidemnic control unit of the Fourth Marine Division. He was exposed to the hazards of invasion of the Marshall Islands and Two Jima and thus prepared himself for the hazards of the St. Louis meetings, for the ar- r angements of which he was l.argely responsible. .Hlis part in the planning and execution of air- plane spraying for insect control on Iwo Jima is deseribed in his present article.

MAioR TTIOMAs A. HART, Ph.D., was a counter- part of Lt. Hutzel in the Arrny. He is now en- gaged in mosquito control in Boli.via. He came into the office one day with his manuseript on malaria. control in New Guiniea and wanted us to publish it in order to give the boys in malaria survey and control m-ore recognition for their achievemients than they had. hitherto received. Unfortunately I failed to record Major Hart's life history before he went to South America. 1- renmember that he took his Ph.D. at the Uni- versity of Chicago under Professor C. G. Huff

MEET THE AUTHORS, Continued in malariology and thus was well qualified to be among the first officers to undertake malaria control in New Guinea. We have only a small snapshot of Major Hart showing him standing beside one of the "educational" signs which were painted in the jungle to urge soldiers to protect themselves against malaria. An oriental potentate is being entertained by a sinuous dancer; the sign is captioned, "Atabrine Keeps MAe Going."

ARTHUR C. G-IESE, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Biology at Stanford University, was born in Chicago in 1-904. Hle attended the University of Chicago where he re- ceived his B.S., did graduate work at the University of California and Stanford Univer- sity, and received his Ph.D. at the latter insti-

tution in 1933. Ile spent 1939-40 on a Rocke- feller Fellowship at Princeton University and at the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, Mass. At Stanford and at the Hopkins M\1arine Station he teaches invertebrate biology, general and comparative physiology, and photo- biology. His research has included studies on the effects of ultraviolet light upon cellular processes, cellular nutrition and respiration, and biolumineseence. He does not explain how he happened to collaborate with MVr. Wells (see the foll-owing sketch) on a study of sunburn.

JULIAN M. WELLS, B.A., Instructor in Pharmacy and Supervisor of the Dispensing Laboratory and Lecturer in Pharmua- cology in the Medical School, was born in G-ordon, Neb., in 1902. He attended the Uoni- versity of California where he received his B.A. in 1-930. He did graduate work at the

Uniiversity of Washington in 1-940. Since 1-930 he has been teaching at the University of Cali- fornia. His research inte-rests have been on pharmnaceutical problems, especially vehicles f-or ointment and other external preparations, as 'well as buff ered and isotonic vehicles.

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Page 10: Front Matter

THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY Vii

MEET THf E AUTHORS, Continued

.FREDERICK S. H1AMME~TT, Ph.D., is a physiological che mist and is Scientific Director of the Lanke- nail Hospital Research Institute of Philadel- phira, Pa., and North Trui-o Mass. He lives in Provincetown on the tip of Cape Cod. Born in Chelsea, Mass., in 1885 he was an under- giaduate at Tufts and

a graduate student at Rhode Island State Col- lege and Harvtte d where he received his Ph.D. iii 1915. Then Frollowed a Iew years of teaching. In 1-919 Dr. llammett wen-t to the Wistar In- st,,itute in Phtiladelphia anld eight years later lhe began his present work which has been cen- tered. aroud the chemistry of growth in relation to cancer. His dissatisfaction with the per- formance of some of his laboratory assistants gave rise to his present article in which he calls for a broader preparation of graduate students for research. Dr. Iain8ett is an editor of Growth, of which he -was the instigator. He regularly attends the Saturday night revels of the local Beachcombers, of which he is a mem- ber. The above likeness is a photograph of his portrait signed "To dIoc ammett-Miller.sy

OL,IVER JUSTIN LEE, Ph.D., is chairnman of the Department of As- tronomny and Director of th e Dearborni Oh- ser vatory in Northwest- irn. Univee'sity. He was

boSrrn in Minnesota in 1881. His undergradu- ate work at the Univer- si'ty of Minnesota led

hima- to undertake re-

J. D. Tolott, f:R.P.S. search in astronoyiion at Yerkes Observatory and

to obtain advanced degrees at the University of Chicago. He remained on the teaching staff at Chicago for tluii-teen years. In -1929 he took his present position. Rather miassive research-pro- gramis have characterized Dr. Lee's career. They have included radial velocities of stars, parallaxes aind proper motions of stars, distance to the sun by observations of Eros5, a longitudinal caim- paigii, and spectr-ographic survey of the faint red stars in the NorthLern Hemisp here. He has beenl a miemnber of severial astronomical expeditions an-d

MEET THE AUTHORS, Continued served the nation during World War I as the director of the U. S. Shipping Board's school of navigation in Chicago. Dr. Lee's philosophic curiosity and sense of responsibility caused him to take the lead in searching for unifying ele- ments in our experience with nature and society. His present descri-ption of Northwestern's pur- suit of the unities in higher education may be a partial solution of- the pro'blem posed by Dr. Hammett.

MAI-OR J. HAROLD BYERS, LL.B., is Chief of the Evaluation Sec- tion, Patent Branch of the 'Legal Division, Of- fice of the Chief of Ord- nance. His duties in- volve study of proposals of allegedly new inven- tions, evaluation with reference to hilitary utility, novelty, and

ia m t Photovpatentability, investiga- Signal t stion of claims of in-

fringemente determination of- questions of valid- ity, and supervision of negotiations for settle- inient. The military life is not strange to him for

he writes: "I narrowly escaped being born on an island military reservation called Fort Warren, off the coast of Massachusents. itt was decided instead that I shonld be inducted at Chambers- burg, Pa., my mother's home. This was in 1900. Thereafter we rejoined my fiather at his station and for the next fifteen years lived in a state of incipient transfer from post'to post." From 1920 to 1927 Major Byers was engaged in re- search with the Optical Glass Section of the U. S. Bureau of mStandards. His patent work began in 1927, and his civilian occupation is that of Patent Examiner in the U. S. Patent Office, specializin: on applications for patent in the cHemical arts, mainly oils, fats, waxes, soaps, and lubricating compositions. Being a reserve officer, he was ordered to active duty shortly after Pearl Hsarbor. le does not state when he will return to the *Patent Office. WAe suspect that he must be an unusually comnpetent Examiner, for his -present ar-ticle on criteria of patentability is distinguished by its clarity.

A CORFRECTION: Shepherd's Empire (New Books, THE SCIENTIFIC MONTIHLY, February 1.946) is a publication of the University of Oklahomna Press , nLot of Princeton University Press.

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Page 11: Front Matter

THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY

TRANSVAAL MUSEUM, PRETORIA

UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA

Applications are iinvited for the post of Director Transvaal Museum Pre- toria. The starting salary is ?850 (?= $4.025)-and may be increased ?30 per aninum until a maximum of ?1,000 is reached-together with such allowanees as may be provided under Public Service Regulations. Candi- dates are required to possess univer- sity degree and should give full par- ticulars regarding their qualifications and experience. Experience in both the educatiolnal and research side of work of public natural history museunm will be recommendation. Candidates should be not less than 30 years or more than 45 years of age. The re- tiring age under the regulation is 60 years. The successful candidate will be on probation for two years, at the end of which period he will be ex- pected to be proficient in both English and Afrikaans. He must be profi- cient in one or both of these laniguages before appointment on probation. The successful canldidate must produce satisfactory certificates of birth and of health and will be expected to joini the Transvaal Museum Provident Fund. Applications whieh should be ad- dressed to Director American Museuim of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York will be received up to and including June 26th, 1946.

MEET THE AUTHORS, Continued

CARL F. WEHRWEIN, Ph.D., is Chief of the Food Program-s Divi- sion, Office of Foreign Liquidation Cto n inis - sioner, State Depart- ment. He was born at Manitowoc, Wis., in 1893 and received his B.S. from the Univer- sity of Wisconsin. He engaged in several non- academic activities be-

fore returning for graduate work to the Uni- versity of Wisconsin where he received his Ph.D. in 1930. Then followed ten years as a member of the faculty of the saeineonstitution, his work having been esearch in land economies and public finance. In 1940 Dr. Wehrwein joined the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, U.S.D.A., to supervise the economic phases of flood survey work in watersheds west of the Continental Di- vide. With the discontinuance of the flood survey program in the fall of 1941, Dr. Wehr- wein joined the Washington staff of the War Production Board and served thre years as senior industrial analyst. He transferred to the Foreign Economic Administration in November 1944 and when that agency was broken up in October 1945 he moved with its Food Programs Division to the State Department.

WALTER H. PIE~LRMEIER, Ph.D., is Professor of Physics in The Pennsyl- vania State College. He was born near Vin- cennes, dIn, in 1889. He did part of his un- dergraduate and all of his graduate work at the University of Michigan, where he served as in- structor in physics be- fore he camie to Penn

State in 1920. His research has been concerned with supersonics and the absorption and velocity of high-frequency sound. He became inter- ested in sounds produced by insects through work on a war project and also by inspiration fromi his neighbor and colleague, Professor S. W. Frost, who is an entomologist.

FOR SUTER, VISH1ER, and GLICKSBERG see 1_944 SM\ (April, May, and July respectively).

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Page 12: Front Matter

64mft1ee 6vOc0 4e1! % acawdSa!4e

A.A.A.S. SYMPOSIA While stocks are available

In a receiit report (A.A.A.S. Bulletin, February 1946) the Offiee of the Pernla-lent Sec- retary reported on the stocks on hand of the A.A.A.S. Symposia. The Symposia Series was inaugurat;ed in 1938, and 21 titles have been published to date. Each symposium quickly established recognition as a foundation work in its field . . . each will continue to be an important source and reference for years. Already 6 of the earlier titles are out of prinit, and. stocks of the remaining titles are being sold at a rapid rate.

Place your order now There are no present plans to reprint or publish revised editions of the various volumes as supplies become exhausted. To be sure that a complete set of these important re- search works is in your library for ready reference, order your copies now. This page may be used as an order form by checking the titles you need and filliiig in the coupon.

Prices Prices Mem- Non- Mem- Non-

Titles bem mem- Titles bers mem- br besbers bers E Tuberculosis and Leprosy. 24 E Blood, Heart and Circulation. 53

authors, 133 pp. 1938 .................. $2.50 $3.00 authors, 339 pp. 1940 .................. $3.00 $4.25 EI The Migration and Conservation

of Salmon. 9 authors, 106 pp. o Relapsing Fever in the Americas. 1939 . 2.00 2.50 25 authors, 142 pp. 1942 2.50 3.00

M Mental Health. 94 authors, 478 pp. 1939 .............. ................ 3.50 4.00 E Problems in Lak7e Biology. 9

T The Genetics of Pathogenic Or- authors, 142 pp. 1942 . 00....... 2.00 2.50 ganisms. 11 authors, 90 pp. 1940 .*. 2.00 2.50 0 TChe Chemistry and Physiology of 19 0 ..................................................................... 2 0 . o m n s 8 a t o s 5 p

E Hutman Malaria. 42 authors, 406 Hormones. 18 authors, 250 pp. pp. 1941 . ........................ 4.00 5.00 1945.3.50 4.00

LI Fluorine and Dental Health. 13 o Mammary Tumors in Mice. 13 authors, 107 pp. 1941 .................. 2.50 3.00 am T i .. 3 m Liebig and After Liebig-A Cen- authors, 231 pp. 1945.3.50 4.00 tury of Progress in Agricultural El Cancer. 79 authors, 333 pp. Chemistry. 9 authors, L19 pp. 1945 ............ .............. 4.00 4.50 1942 ..................................................................... 2.50 3.00

m Aerobiology. 55 authors, 299 pp. w Both Cancer and Mammary T'ut- 1942 ....... .................. 3.50 4.00 mors, in one order .......................... 6.25 7.50

(7' x .10, double column, illustrated, clothbound. Prices are net and postpaid. All orders subject to prior sale.)

Have you sent a Symposium overseas? Do you know a colleague overseas who needs resear(h publications? Most of the A.A.A.S. Symposia were printed during the war period and hence were unavailable to rnany scientists. Help your co-workers in other countries to reestablish their libraries by sending them copies of the Symposia they need. At- tach your list with names and complete addresses on a separate sheet of paper. D Check here if you want information

about A.A.A.S. membership.

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i Washington 25, D. C. I Please send the Symposia I have checked 1 above. I J am D am not a member of the A.A.A.S. My remittance of $ .............. is enclosed. Name.

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Page 13: Front Matter

x TIE SCIENT'IFIC MONTGHLY

;4 A

WIS 6( YOUR +IOU8 Now that the war's over and a lot more civilian goods are on the market, it's a big temptation to spend just about all you make, and not put anything aside.

But to fall for that temptation is plenty dan- gerous. It's like trying to live in the house above --a house that might come tumbling down about your ears at the first little blow of hard luck.

Right now the best possible way to keep your finances in sound shape is to save regularly-by buying U. S. Savings Bonds through the Payroll Plan.

These Bonds are exactly like War Bonds. Millions of Americans have found them the

safest, easiest, surest way to save. The U.S.A. protects every dollar you invest-and Uncle Sam gives you his personal guarantee that, in just ten years, you'll get four dlollars back for eve;y three you put in!

If you stick with the Payroll Savings Plan, you'll not only guard against rainy days, you'll also be storing up money for the really important things-like sending your children to college, traveling, or buying a home.

So-any way you look at it-isn't it smart to buy every single U. S. Bond you can possibly afford!

Stick with the Payroll Savings Plan!

SAVE TrIE EASY WAY.. BUY YOUR TONOS TIROUGH PAYROlL SAVI#GS

American Association for the Advancement of Science Smithsonian Institution Building

Washington 25, D. C.

This is an official U. S. Treasury advertisement-prepared under auspices of Treasury Department and Advertising Council

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Page 14: Front Matter

THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY xi

RADIOBIOLOGY Experimental and Applied

BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS TOTAL ENERGY- ABSORPTION F. G. Spear F. Ellis

COM:PARATIVE STUDIES METHODS IN X-RAY THERAPY L. H. Gray J. Read

GENETIC EFFECTS METHODS IN RADIUM THERAPY D. G. Catcheside S. Russ

VIRUSES AND BACTERIA MILLION VOLT THERAPY D. E. Lea G. S. Innes

ISTOLOGICAI, ANALYSIS IN RADIOTHERAPY PROTECTIVE METHODS A. Glucksmann }v. Binks

MEASUREMENT OF RADIATION EXCHA:NGE OF DATA G. J. Neary J. Read

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Page 15: Front Matter

xii THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY

. .. ... ...

.... ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~.....

a7 .

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Youll see news in the making- #Aw,~v,w TIrd, v,

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To develop equipment compacl enough to fit into a plane was - major problem. But RCA- NB( scientists and engineers in co operation with the U. S. Navy di( it-and airborne television becam4 a wartime reality.

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Radio Corporation of America, Radi City, New York 20 . . . Listen to Th RCA Victor Show, Sundays, 4:30 P.M. Eastern Time, over the NBC Netwvork

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RADIO CORPORATION of AMERICA

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