Front Matter

Front MatterSource: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,Vol. 95, No. 19 (Sep. 15, 1998), pp. i-xPublished by: National Academy of SciencesStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/46248 .

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PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES


September 15, 1998 Volume 95, Number 19 pp. 11027-11500

Table of Contents

From the Academy Frontiers of Science Symposium

Introduction to Frontiers of Science 11027

Meteorite impact and the mass extinction of 11028-11029 species at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary

Kevin 0. Pope, Steven L. D'Hondt, and Charles R. Marshall

Prions 11030-11031 David Westaway, Glenn Telling, and Suzette Priola

Quantum computing 11032-11033 Gilles Brassard, Isaac Chuang, Seth Lloyd, and Christopher Monroe

Aging, life span, and senescence 11034-11036 Leonard Guarente, Gary Ruvkun, and Richard Amasino

Chemical physics of protein folding 11037-11038 Charles L. Brooks III, Martin Gruebele, Jos6 Nelson Onuchic, and Peter G. Wolynes

String theory 11039-11040 Brian R. Greene, David R. Morrison, and Joseph Polchinski

New developments in the biology and treatment 11041-11042 of HIV

Frederic Bushman, Nathaniel R. Landau, and Emilio A. Emini

Perspective

Default taxonomy: Ernst Mayr's view of the 11043-11046 microbial world

Carl R. Woese

Inaugural Articles

Coatomer, Arflp, and nucleotide are 11199-11204 required to bud coat protein complex I-coated vesicles from large synthetic liposomes

Anne Spang, Ken Matsuoka, Susan Hamamoto, Randy Schekman, and Lelio Orci

Differential expression of two isopentenyl 11482-11488 pyrophosphate isomerases and enhanced carotenoid accumulation in a unicellular chlorophyte

Zairen Sun, Francis X. Cunningham, Jr., and Elisabeth Gantt

v



Howard Hughes Medical Institute

Fellowships for Biological and Biomedical Sciences The Howard Hughes Medical Institute announces the 1999 competitions for fellowship programs that support training in fundamental biological and biomedical research. Awards, based on international competitions, focus on research directed to understanding basic biological processes or disease mechanisms. Fellowships may be held at academic or nonprofit research institutions.

Predoctoral Fellowships in Biological Sciences

Up to five years of support for full-time graduate study toward a Ph.D. degree in cell or developmental biology, genetics or molecular biology, immunology or microbiology, mathematical biology or epidemiology, neuroscience or physiology, structural biology or biochemistry, or related fields. Applicants must not have completed the first year of postbaccalaureate graduate study in biology. Application deadline: mid-November.

Postdoctoral Research Fellowships for Physicians

Three years of support for training in fundamental research subsequent to at least two years of postgraduate clinical training and no more than two years of postdoctoral research training. Application deadline: early December.

Research Training Fellowships for Medical Students

An opportunity for medical students in the United States to explore a burgeoning interest in fundamental research. Support is awarded for one year of full-time fundamental research in a laboratory at the student's medical school or another institution (except NIH in Bethesda, Maryland). Application deadline: early December.

Research Scholars at the National Institutes of Health

Under this joint HHMI-NIH program, medical students in the United States spend an intensive year in research in the intramural program at NIH in Bethesda, Maryland. Residence is provided at the Cloister on the NIH campus. Application deadline: early January.

1999 Program Announcements and Applications

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For Other Programs: Howard Hughes Medical Institute Office of Grants and Special Programs Department AM99 4000 Jones Bridge Road Chevy Chase MD 20815-6789 United States of America Telephone (301) 215-8889 Fax (301) 215-8888 E-mail [email protected] www.hhmi.org/fellowships

The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, an Equal Opportunity Employer, welcomes applications from all qualified candidates and encourages women and members of minority groups to apply. l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~



Contents

Physical Sciences

CHEMISTRY

Synthesis, biophysical properties, and nuclease 11047-11052 resistance properties of mixed backbone oligodeoxynucleotides containing cationic internucleoside guanidinium linkages: Deoxynucleic guanidine/DNA chimeras

Dinesh A. Barawkar and Thomas C. Bruice

ENGINEERING

Complex behavior of self-propagating reaction 11053-11058 waves in heterogeneous media

Arvind Varma, Alexander S. Rogachev, Alexander S. Mukasyan, and Stephen Hwang

Biological Sciences

APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Molecular determinants of bacterial adhesion 11059-11064 monitored by atomic force microscopy

Anneta Razatos, Yea-Ling Ong, Mukul M. Sharma, and George Georgiou

BIOCHEMISTRY

Synthesis, biophysical properties, and nuclease 11047-11052 resistance properties of mixed backbone oligodeoxynucleotides containing cationic internucleoside guanidinium linkages: Deoxynucleic guanidine/DNA chimeras

Dinesh A. Barawkar and Thomas C. Bruice

The 2.8-A structure of rat liver F1-ATPase: 11065-11070 Configuration of a critical intermediate in ATP synthesis/hydrolysis

Mario A. Bianchet, Joanne Hullihen, Peter L. Pedersen, and L. Mario Amzel

Base pair switching by interconversion of sugar 11071-11076 puckers in DNA extended by proteins of RecA-family: A model for homology search in homologous genetic recombination

Taro Nishinaka, Akira Shinohara, Yutaka Ito, Shigeyuki Yokoyama, and Takehiko Shibata

Molecular dynamics study displays near in-line 11077-11082 attack conformations in the hammerhead ribozyme self-cleavage reaction

Rhonda A. Torres and Thomas C. Bruice

A5-Androstenediol is a natural hormone with 11083-11088 androgenic activity in human prostate cancer cells

Hiroshi Miyamoto, Shuyuan Yeh, Henry Lardy, Edward Messing, and Chawnshang Chang

Proteolysis of human eukaryotic translation 11089-11094 initiation factor eIF4GII, but not eIF4GI, coincides with the shutoff of host protein synthesis after poliovirus infection

Alessandra Gradi, Yuri V. Svitkin, Hiroaki Imataka, and Nahum Sonenberg

Increase in the 64-kDa subunit of the 11095-11100 polyadenylation/cleavage stimulatory factor during the Go to S phase transition

Kathleen Martincic, Ronna Campbell, Gretchen Edwalds-Gilbert, Lina Souan, Michael T. Lotze, and Christine Milcarek

Effects of transition metals on nitric oxide 11101-11106 synthase catalysis

Jason M. Perry and Michael A. Marletta

Rapid inhibition of interleukin-6 signaling and 11107-11112 Stat3 activation mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinases

Tapas K. Sengupta, Erika S. Talbot, Peggy A. Scherle, and Lionel B. Ivashkiv

Indirect mutagenesis by oxidative DNA damage: 11113-11116 Formation of the pyrimidopurinone adduct of deoxyguanosine by base propenal

Peter C. Dedon, John P. Plastaras, Carol A. Rouzer, and Lawrence J. Marnett

High-affinity binding of hemimethylated oriC 11117-11121 by Escherichia coli membranes is mediated by a multiprotein system that includes SeqA and a newly identified factor, SeqB

Nader Shakibai, Kohei Ishidate, Elena Reshetnyak, Shigemichi Gunji, Masamichi Kohiyama, and Lawrence Rothfield

A novel yeast protein influencing the response of 11122-11127 RNA polymerase II to transcriptional activators

Andrew Emili, Ryuji Kobayashi, and C. James Ingles

Simultaneous formation of functional leading and 11128-11133 lagging strand holoenzyme complexes on a small, defined DNA substrate

Anthony J. Berdis and Stephen J. Benkovic

Existence of distinct tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase 11134-11139 genes: Molecular characterization of tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase-2

Roland Beisswanger, Denis Corbeil, Christian Vannier, Christoph Thiele, Ulrike Dohrmann, Roland Kellner, Keith Ashman, Christof Niehrs, and Wieland B. Huttner

The natural polyamine spermine functions directly 11140-11145 as a free radical scavenger

Hyo Chol Ha, Nilantha S. Sirisoma, Periannan Kuppusamy, Jay L. Zweier, Patrick M. Woster, and Robert A. Casero, Jr.

Unexpected frameshifts from gene to expressed 11146-11151 protein in a phage-displayed peptide library

Juan Carcamo, Mark W. Ravera, Ren6e Brissette, Olga Dedova, James R. Beasley, Ameena Alam-Mogh6, Changhong Wan, Arthur Blume, and Wlodek Mandecki

Ciona intestinalis nuclear receptor 1: A member 11152-11157 of steroid/thyroid hormone receptor family

Eleonora Carosa, Albertina Fanelli, Salvatore Ulisse, Roberto Di Lauro, J. Edward Rall, and Emmanuele A. Jannini

BIOPHYSICS

Clustering of low-energy conformations near the 11158-11162 native structures of small proteins

David Shortle, Kim T. Simons, and David Baker

vii



Contents

DNA sequence-dependent deformability deduced 11163-11168 from protein-DNA crystal complexes

Wilma K. Olson, Andrey A. Gorin, Xiang-Jun Lu, Lynette M. Hock, and Victor B. Zhurkin

CELL BIOLOGY

Tobacco mosaic virus infection induces severe 11169-11174 morphological changes of the endoplasmic reticulum

Christoph Reichel and Roger N. Beachy

Endoplasmic reticulum membrane localization of 11175-11180 Rcelp and Ste24p, yeast proteases involved in carboxyl-terminal CAAX protein processing and amino-terminal a-factor cleavage

Walter K. Schmidt, Amy Tam, Konomi Fujimura-Kamada, and Susan Michaelis

An essential role for the phosphatidylinositol 11181-11186 transfer protein in the scission of coatomer-coated vesicles from the trans-Golgi network

Jean-Pierre Simon, Takashi Morimoto, Vytas A. Bankaitis, Theodore A. Gottlieb, Ivan E. Ivanov, Milton Adesnik, and David D. Sabatini

Transformation of hematopoietic cells by the Ski 11187-11192 oncoprotein involves repression of retinoic acid receptor signaling

Richard Dahl, Matthias Kieslinger, Hartmut Beug, and Michael J. Hayman

Mad2 transiently associates with an APC/p55Cdc 11193-11198 complex during mitosis

Katja Wassmann and Robert Benezra

Coatomer, Arflp, and nucleotide are required 11199-11204 to bud coat protein complex I-coated vesicles from large synthetic liposomes

Anne Spang, Ken Matsuoka, Susan Hamamoto, Randy Schekman, and Lelio Orci

The structural protein ODV-EC27 of Autographa 11205-11210 californica nucleopolyhedrovirus is a multifunctional viral cyclin

Michail Belyavskyi, Sharon C. Braunagel, and Max D. Summers

Phosphoinositide-3-OH kinase-dependent regulation 11211-11216 of glycogen synthase kinase 3 and protein kinase B/AKT by the integrin-linked kinase

Marc Delcommenne, Clara Tan, Virginia Gray, Laurent Rue, James Woodgett, and Shoukat Dedhar

Blocking ligand occupancy of the aV/3 integrin 11217-11222 inhibits insulin-like growth factor I signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells

Bo Zheng and David R. Clemmons

Vesiculation and sorting from PC12-derived 11223-11228 endosomes in vitro

Yael Lichtenstein, Claire Desnos, Victor Faundez, Regis B. Kelly, and Lois Clift-O'Grady

Interaction of HIV-1 Nef with the cellular 11229-11234 dileucine-based sorting pathway is required for CD4 down-regulation and optimal viral infectivity

Heather M. Craig, Mark W. Pandori, and John C. Guatelli

Structural analysis of cloned plasma membrane 11235-11240 proteins by freeze-fracture electron microscopy

Sepehr Eskandari, Ernest M. Wright, Mike Kreman, Dorine M. Starace, and Guido A. Zampighi

Two yeast nuclear pore complex proteins involved 11241-11245 in mRNA export form a cytoplasmically oriented subcomplex

Michael E. Hurwitz, Caterina Strambio-de-Castillia, and Gunter Blobel

Very late DNA replication in the human cell cycle 11246-11250 R. J. Widrow, R. Scott Hansen, Hiroshi Kawame, Stanley M. Gartler, and Charles D. Laird

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Cloning of Mix-related homeodomain proteins using 11251-11256 fast retrieval of gel shift activities, (FROGS), a technique for the isolation of DNA-binding proteins

Paul E. Mead, Yi Zhou, Kevin D. Lustig, Tara L. Huber, Marc W. Kirschner, and Leonard I. Zon

Identification and characterization of LM04, 11257-11262 an LMO gene with a novel pattern of expression during embryogenesis

Daryn A. Kenny, Linda W. Jurata, Yumiko Saga, and Gordon N. Gill

Intercellular signaling in Stigmatella aurantiaca: 11263-11267 Purification and characterization of stigmolone, a myxobacterial pheromone

Wulf Plaga, Irmela Stamm, and Hans Ulrich Schairer

Structure elucidation and chemical synthesis of 11268-11273 stigmolone, a novel type of prokaryotic pheromone

William E. Hull, Albrecht Berkessel, and Wulf Plaga

Essential role of mitochondrially encoded large 11274-11278 rRNA for germ-line formation in Drosophila embryos

Takako Jida and Satoru Kobayashi

EVOLUTION

Diversity components of impending 11279-11283 primate extinctions

Jukka Jernvall and Patricia C. Wright

Determining and dating recent rodent speciation 11284-11289 events by using Li (LINE-1) retrotransposons

Olivier Verneau, FranGois Catzeflis, and Anthony V. Furano

The adaptive nature of the human neurocognitive 11290-11294 architecture: An alternative model

Peggy La Cerra and Roger Bingham

Genetic code origins: tRNAs older than 11295-11300 their synthetases?

Lluis Ribas de Pouplana, Robert J. Turner, Brian A. Steer, and Paul Schimmel

GENETICS

Aspirin suppresses the mutator phenotype 11301-11306 associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer by genetic selection

Josef Ruischoff, Sabine Wallinger, Wolfgang Dietmaier, Tina Bocker, Gero Brockhoff, Ferdinand Hofstadter, and Richard Fishel

viii



Contents

The expression of the KAII gene, a tumor 11307-11311 metastasis suppressor, is directly activated by p53

Tomoyuki Mashimo, Misako Watabe, Shigeru Hirota, Sadahiro Hosobe, Kunio Miura, Peter J. Tegtmeyer, Carrie W. Rinker-Shaeffer, and Kounosuke Watabe

A dysfunctional desmin mutation in a patient with 11312-11317 severe generalized myopathy

Ana M. Mufioz-Marmol, Geraldine Strasser, Marcos Isamat, Pierre A. Coulombe, Yanmin Yang, Xavier Roca, Elena Vela, Jose L. Mate, Jaume Coll, Maria Teresa Fernandez-Figueras, Jose J. Navas-Palacios, Aurelio Ariza, and Elaine Fuchs

Construction and validation of yeast artificial 11318-11323 chromosome contig maps by RecA-assisted restriction endonuclease cleavage

Peter Lauer, Sandra S. Schneider, and Andreas Gnirke

Human CUL-1 associates with the SKP1/SKP2 11324-11329 complex and regulates p21CIPl/WAF1 and cyclin D proteins

Zhong-Kang Yu, Jennifer L. M. Gervais, and Hui Zhang

IMMUNOLOGY

The src homology 2-containing inositol phosphatase 11330-11335 (SHIP) is the gatekeeper of mast cell degranulation

Michael Huber, Cheryl D. Helgason, Jacqueline E. Damen, Ling Liu, R. Keith Humphries, and Gerald Krystal

Attractin (DPPT-L), a member of the CUB family 11336-11341 of cell adhesion and guidance proteins, is secreted by activated human T lymphocytes and modulates immune cell interactions

Jonathan S. Duke-Cohan, Jijie Gu, Daniel F. McLaughlin, Yuhui Xu, Gordon J. Freeman, and Stuart F. Schlossman

Differential display of peptides induced during the 11342-11347 immune response of Drosophila: A matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry study

Sandrine Uttenweiler-Joseph, Marc Moniatte, Marie Lagueux, Alain Van Dorsselaer, Jules A. Hoffmann, and Philippe Bulet

Regulatory dysfunction of the interleukin-2 receptor 11348-11353 during HIV infection and the impact of triple combination therapy

Denis David, Lynda Bani, Jean-Louis Moreau, Marie-Pierre Treilhou, Takayuki Nakarai, Marcel Joussemet, Jerome Ritz, Bertrand Dupont, Gilles Pialoux, and Jacques Theze

MEDICAL SCIENCES

Transgenic mice for interleukin 3 develop motor 11354-11359 neuron degeneration associated with autoimmune reaction against spinal cord motor neurons

Christine Chavany, Carlos Vicario-Abejon, Georgina Miller, and Moncef Jendoubi

HIV type I envelope determinants for use of the 11360-11365 CCR2b, CCR3, STRL33, and APJ coreceptors

Trevor L. Hoffman, Edward B. Stephens, Opendra Narayan, and Robert W. Doms

Allelic association under map error and 11366-11370 recombinational heterogeneity: A tale of two sites

Christine Lonjou, Andrew Collins, Richard S. Ajioka, Lynn B. Jorde, James P. Kushner, and Newton E. Morton

Conditional lineage ablation to model 11371-11376 human diseases

Paul Lee, Gregory Morley, Qian Huang, Avi Fischer, Stephanie Seiler, James W. Horner, Stephen Factor, Dhananjay Vaidya, Jos6 Jalife, and Glenn I. Fishman

Cellular immune response to adenoviral vector 11377-11382 infected cells does not require de novo viral gene expression: Implications for gene therapy

Tal Kafri, David Morgan, Troy Krahl, Nora Sarvetnick, Linda Sherman, and Inder Verma

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is a critical 11383-11388 mediator of the activation of immune cells by exotoxins of Gram-positive bacteria

Thierry Calandra, Lori A. Spiegel, Christine N. Metz, and Richard Bucala

Tests and estimates of allelic association in 11389-11393 complex inheritance

N. E. Morton and A. Collins

MICROBIOLOGY

Presence of a gene encoding choline sulfatase in 11394-11399 Sinorhizobium meliloti bet operon: Choline-O-sulfate is metabolized into glycine betaine

Magne 0steras, Eric Boncompagni, Nadine Vincent, Marie-Christine Poggi, and Daniel Le Rudulier

NEUROBIOLOGY

Molecular markers for cell types of the inner 11400-11405 ear and candidate genes for hearing disorders

Stefan Heller, Charlotte A. Sheane, Zarqa Javed, and A. J. Hudspeth

Hippocampal morphometry in schizophrenia 11406-11411 by high dimensional brain mapping

John G. Csernansky, Sarang Joshi, Lei Wang, John W. Haller, Mokhtar Gado, J. Philip Miller, Ulf Grenander, and Michael I. Miller

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor mediates 11412-11417 estradiol-induced dendritic spine formation in hippocampal neurons

Diane D. Murphy, Nelson B. Cole, and Menahem Segal

Role of the Doc2cx-Munc13-1 interaction in the 11418-11422 neurotransmitter release process

Sumiko Mochida, Satoshi Orita, Gaku Sakaguchi, Takuya Sasaki, and Yoshimi Takai

ix



Contents

gas7: A gene expressed preferentially in 11423-11428 growth-arrested fibroblasts and terminally differentiated Purkinje neurons affects neurite formation

Yu-Ten Ju, Annie C. Y. Chang, Bin-Ru She, Meei-Ling Tsaur, Hwa-Min Hwang, Chuck C.-K.Chao, Stanley N. Cohen, and Sue Lin-Chao

Transient expression and transport of brain-derived 11429-11434 neurotrophic factor in the male zebra finch's song system during vocal development

Eugene Akutagawa and Masakazu Konishi

Immediate and long-term effects of neonatal 11435-11439 MK-801 treatment on nonspatial learning

Grace S. Griesbach and Abram Amsel

Expression of a dopamine D2 receptor-activated 11440-11444 K+ channel on identified striatopallidal and striatonigral neurons

Barbara L. Waszczak, Lynn P. Martin, Gabriela J. Greif, and Jonathan E. Freedman

Aggravated decrease in the activity of nucleus 11445-11449 basalis neurons in Alzheimer's disease is apolipoprotein E-type dependent

A. Salehi, E. J. G. Dubelaar, M. Mulder, and D. F. Swaab

Active summation of excitatory postsynaptic 11450-11455 potentials in hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons

Nathaniel N. Urban and German Barrionuevo

Promiscuous coassembly of serotonin 5-HT3 11456-11461 and nicotinic cx4 receptor subunits into Ca2+-permeable ion channels

Johannes A. van Hooft, Avron D. Spier, Jerrel L. Yakel, Sarah C. R. Lummis, and Henk P. M. Vijverberg

Atypical antipsychotic drugs selectively increase 11462-11464 neurotensin efflux in dopamine terminal regions

James M. Radke, Michael J. Owens, James C. Ritchie, and Charles B. Nemeroff

PHARMACOLOGY

Activation of the genetically defined ml muscarinic 11465-11470 receptor potentiates N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor currents in hippocampal pyramidal cells

Michael J. Marino, Susan T. Rouse, Allan I. Levey, Lincoln T. Potter, and P. Jeffrey Conn

PHYSIOLOGY

One face of a transmembrane helix is crucial in 11471-11475 mechanosensitive channel gating

Xiaorong Ou, Paul Blount, Robert J. Hoffman, and Ching Kung

Hot spots in cold adaptation: Localized increases in 11476-11481 conformational flexibility in lactate dehydrogenase A4 orthologs of Antarctic notothenioid fishes

Peter A. Fields and George N. Somero

PLANT BIOLOGY

Differential expression of two isopentenyl 11482-11488 pyrophosphate isomerases and enhanced carotenoid accumulation in a unicellular chlorophyte

Zairen Sun, Francis X. Cunningham, Jr., and Elisabeth Gantt

PSYCHOLOGY

Task-dependent influences of attention on the 11489-11492 activation of human primary visual cortex

Takeo Watanabe, Alexander M. Harner, Satoru Miyauchi, Yuka Sasaki, Matthew Nielsen, Daniel Palomo, and Ikuko Mukai

Both here and there: Simultaneous expression 11493-11498 of autonomous spatial memories in rats

A. A. Fenton, M. Wesierska, Yu Kaminsky, and J. Bures

Social Sciences

ANTHROPOLOGY

Diversity components of impending 11279-11283 primate extinctions

Jukka Jernvall and Patricia C. Wright

CORRECTIONS

NEUROBIOLOGY Functional activation in motor cortex reflects the 11499 direction and the degree of handedness

Paul Dassonville, Xiao-Hong Zhu, Kamil Ugurbil, Seong-Gi Kim, and James Ashe

Alleviation of x-irradiation-based deficit in 11499 memory-based learning by D-amphetamine: Suggestions for attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder

D. A. Highfield, D. Hu, and A. Amsel

PLANT BIOLOGY Mitochondrial localization of a NADR-dependent 11499 isocitrate dehydrogenase isoenzyme by using the green fluorescent protein as a marker

Susana Galvez, Odile Roche, Evelyne Bismuth, Spencer Brown, Pierre Gadal, and Michael Hodges

AUTHOR INDEX xi-xii

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS xiii-xv

SIZING WORKSHEET xvi

DOCUMENTATION REPORT xvii

COPYRIGHT ASSIGNMENT FORM xviii

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS xix

Cover photograph: Lyell, geologist, examining a rock. Panel is from the bronze doors at the National Academy of Sciences.

x



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