Front Matter

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Operations

Volume 29 Number 3 May-June 1981

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M s I I I . _ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - I I F- I_ w S-m _~~~~~~~~~~~~ I I I

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Operations Research

Volume 29 Number 3 May-June 1981 (ISSN 0030-364x)

EDITOR William P. Pierskalla, 2 Denford Drive, Newtown Square, Pa. 19073

AREA EDITORS Computational Structures and Techniques: Richard E. Nance, Department of

Computer Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Va. 24061

Decision Analysis: Ralph Keeney, Woodward-Clyde Consultants, Three Embar- cadero Center, Suite 700, San Francisco, Calif. 94111

Distribution, Production and Scheduling: Hamilton Emmons, Department of Operations Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106

Energy and Environment: William Hogan, John F. Kennedy School of Govern- ment, 79 Boylston St., Room 1 18, Cambridge, Mass. 02138

Health Care and Welfare: Richard H. Shachtman, Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C. 27514

Operations Management and Other Private Sector Applications: Arnoldo Hax, Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cam- bridge, Mass. 02139.

Optimization and Location/Allocation: H. Donald Ratliff, School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga. 30332

Social Sciences, Defense, Criminal Justice and Other Public Sector Applica- tions: Stephen M. Pollock, Department of Industrial and Operations Engi- neering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48109

Stochastic Processes and Their Applications: Daniel P. Heyman, Bell Labora- tories, Building WB Room 1 G31 1, Holmdel, N.J. 07733

Editorial Assistant: Tonice Sgrignoli

ASSOCIATE EDITORS L. Bruce Anderson David S. P. Hopkins Stephen M. Robinson Egon Balas Jeffery L. Kennington Donald B. Rosenfield David E. Bell Peter J. Kolesar Robert Rosenthal Gabriel R. Bitran Averill Law Michael H. Rothkopf Lawrence Bodin Austin Lemoine Paul Schweitzer W. Peter Cherry Jan Karel Lenstra Richard F. Serfozo Joseph G. Ecker Jon C. Liebman C. M. Shetty Gary D. Eppen Michael D. Maltz Nozer Singpurwalla Peter Farquhar William L. Maxwell Shaler Stidham Richard L. Francis Frederic H. Murphy Lawrence D. Stone Robert S. Garfinkel Evan L. Porteus Richard Van Slyke Stephen C. Graves Martin L. Puterman Detlof von Winterfeldt Harvey Greenberg Richard G. Richels Robert L. Winkler Carl Harris Alexander H. G. Rinnooy Kan David Zalkind

Copyright ? 1981 by the Operations Research Society of America. Published six times a year in February, April, June, August, October, and December by the Operations

Research Society of America at 428 East Preston Street, Baltimore, MD 21 202.

Second-class postage paid at Baltimore, MD 21 202, and at additional mailing offices. ISSN 0030-364X.

Composed and Printed by Waverly Press Inc., Baltimore, MD 21 202



Operations Research

EDITORIAL POLICY

Operations Research publishes quality operations research and management science work of interest to the OR practitioner and researcher in the three substantive categories: operations research methods, data based operational science, and the practice of OR. Included are papers reporting underlying data based principles of operational science, observations of operating systems, contributions to the methods and models of OR, case histories of applications, review articles, and discussions of aspects of such subjects as the administrative environment, the history, policy, practice, future, or arenas of application of operations research.

Papers on transportation are generally published in the ORSA publication, Transportation Science. Papers whose main contribution is to the underlying mathematics are more appropriate for the joint ORSA/TIMS publication, Math- ematics of Operations Research.

Complete studies that contain data, computer experiments, etc., and integrate the theory, methods, and applications are of particular interest. Thus, we encour- age case studies of lasting value. Contributors should submit informal descriptions of cases to the joint ORSA/TIMS publication Interfaces.

A "Technical Notes" section contains brief articles on all of the topics men- tioned above. Commentary appears in a "Letters to the Editor" section.

All papers published in Operations Research are refereed. Initial refereeing of clear, concise, well-written papers normally takes about four months for papers of average length, but generally a shorter time for notes.

Decisions on manuscripts for publication in Operations Research will be based, in part, on the answers to such questions as: Does this paper make a new and substantial contribution to the literature of operations research? Will it be of interest to a significant group of OR workers? Does the paper give sufficient introductory and summary material to inform readers of the content, importance, and possible fields of application of the material covered? Is it clearly, concisely, accurately and logically written? Could it benefit from condensation or expansion? Is its character clear from title, abstract and text? Does the paper describe its relations to previously published work, and does it give adequate credit and references to this work?

INSTRUCTIONS FOR CONTRIBUTORS

Authors should submit four copies of manuscripts directly to the appropriate Area Editor. Papers not in the fields covered by the Area Editors should be sent to the Editor, William P. Pierskalla, 2 Denford Drive, Newtown Square, Penn- sylvania 19073. Papers should not be sent to the Asiociate Editors.

Submission of a manuscript is a representation that the paper has neither been published nor submitted for publication elsewhere, and that, if the work is officially sponsored, it has been released for open publication. The manuscript should be accompanied by a Copyright Transfer Agreement from the authors (or their employers-whoever holds the copyright) transferring the copyright to ORSA. The form for this agreement is printed in every issue of this journal and is also available from the Editor and the Business Manager. This written transfer of copyright, which previously was assumed to be implicit in the act of submitting



a manuscript, is necessary under the 1978 U.S. Copyright Law in order for ORSA to continue disseminating operations research results as widely as possible. Copies of a manuscript will not be returned to an author unless specifically requested, or unless reviewers have provided annotations that will be of use to the author.

Observe the following points in preparing manuscripts (manuscripts not con- forming closely to these instructions will be returned to their authors for appropriate revisions):

1. Readability. The abstract and the introduction of every paper must be free of unnecessary jargon and clearly readable by any ORSA member. The abstract should be self-contained, sunmarize the problem, principal results and conclusions; it should not contain formulas or references or exceed 200 words. The introduction must clearly state the problem, the results to be found in the paper and their significance to the operations research community. The introduction does not have a section heading. The main sections of the paper must be readable, the level of mathematics and/or terminology appropriate to the topic, and the material logically presented.

2. Style. The message of your paper will be enhanced if it is presented in active, forceful, and concise prose. Since good writing is a craft at least as difflcult as doing operations research, before beginning your paper you will be well advised to refresh your acquaintance with the most important points of good style by spending some time with a source of good editorial advice, such as Donald H. Menzel, Howard Mumford Jones, and Lyle G. Boyd, Writing a Technical Paper, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1961. While the Editor and staff will correct the minor lapses from good style in your manuscript, they cannot undertake wholesale revisions of poorly written papers. It is a good idea to write more than one draft of your manuscript, and to have an early draft reviewed by someone who can give you effective advice on style. There is no a priori limit to the number of pages for a paper; however, conciseness and clarity of presentation are stressed.

3. Spacing and Format. Double-space manuscripts throughout (including the abstract, subsidiary matter and references) with the original in typewritten form. No line printed computer printouts will be considered for publication. Put subsidiary matter on separate sheets (see Figures and Tables). The introduction does not have a section heading; begin numbering with the main sections.

4. Footnotes. Operations Research does not use footnotes; incorporate subsidiary material that would otherwise appear in footnotes in the mnain text (possibly in parentheses or brackets), or place it in a section at the end of the text. In particular, place the usual acknowledgments of presentation, support, and assistance in such a final section.

5. References. List only those references that are cited in the text. References in the text should be cited by the author's surname and the year of publication- for example, Flood (1962). If the reference has two authors cite both surnames and the year of publication. If the reference has more than two authors cite the first author's surname followed by et al. and the year of publication. If there is more than one reference by the same author with the same year of publication, the first citation appearing in the text would read: Flood (1962a), the second citation would read: Flood (1962b), etc. If the refeirence citation in the text is given parenthetically use brackets, instead of parentheses, around the date of publication-for example: (see Morse and Kimball [1951]). At the end of the paper list references alphabetically by the surname of the first author. Do not number the reference list. For journal references give the author, year of publication, title, journal name, volume, and pages; for book references give the author, year of publication, title, publisher, city, and state-for example:

ii



FLOOD, M. M. 1962. New Operations Research Potentials. Opns. Res. 10, 423- 436.

MORSE, P. M., AND G. E. KIMBALL. 1951. Methods of Operations Research. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass.

6. Mathematical Expressions. Use the solidus whenever possible in prefer- a

ence to built-up fractions, e.g., a/(1 - b) rather than - ; write complicated 1 -b

exponentials in the form exp ( ); avoid subscripts or superscripts on subscripts or superscripts; and, in general, minimize unusual typographical requirements. Make subscripts and superscripts large and clear. On first occurrence label unusual or ambiguous symbols; for example, distinguish the letter "oh" from the numeral "zero." The difference between upper and lower case letters should be clear. Display only those mathematical expressions that must be numbered for later reference or need to be emphasized. Put numbers at the right of the mathematical expressions.

7. Figures and Tables. Draw figures in black ink on white paper in a form suitable for photographic reproduction. Make lettering of uniform size and suffi- ciently large to be legible when the figure is reduced to final size. Send originals of typed tables suitable for photographic reproduction. Designate figures by arabic numbers, designate tables by roman numerals, and type the legends for the figures and tables on a single separate sheet rather than placing them on the originals. Please proofread carefully since later changes can be made only by submitting new originals.

8. Reporting Computational Experience. In reporting computational experience on the efficiency of algorithms follow the guidelines given in Operations Research volume 29, number 2, entitled "Reporting Computational Experience in Operations Research." Copies of these guidelines may be obtained from the ORSA Business Manager, 428 East Preston Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, USA, or from the Editor, William P. Pierskalla, 2 Denford Drive, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania 19073, USA.

9. Abstract and Introduction. Preface each article with a self-contained abstract that summarizes the problem and the principal results and conclusions. The abstract should not contain formulas or references and should not exceed 200 words. The abstract and introductory material should be written in an expository style that will be comprehensible to readers who are not technical experts in the subject matter. The introduction does not have a section heading.

10. Subject Classification for the OR/MS Index. Determine the appropriate subject classification and accompanying descriptive phrase for all work submitted. A complete list of subject categories appears on pp. vii-viii. Each subject category is indicated by a specific number. Choose from one to three subject categories for each manuscript. For every category chosen, write a short phrase which puts the paper in context. (The phrase can be a concise rendering of the title, or it may specify some aspect of the paper which is important but not apparent in the title.) The total length of each phrase, including spaces and punctuation, must not exceed 60 characters. This information will be printed on the title page of every article, technical note, and letter that is published. Subject categories/phrases must either appear on the title page of the manuscript (this is the preferred method), or else authors can use the form provided (see the bottom half of the Copyright Transfer Agreement form).

Example. A paper entitled, "Cost-Effectiveness in Urban Transportation" would be

classified under two subject categories: 71 (Cost/Benefit Analysis), and $831

iii



(Transportation). On the Subject Classification Form the numbers and accompanying phrases would be:

# 71 Urban transportation 831 Cost-effectiveness in urban transportation

11. Reprints. Operations Research does not have page charges, nor does it supply free reprints. Authors of accepted articles may order reprints at reasonable rates at the time they submit their corrected galley proofs. Reprints of individual articles are not available from ORSA.

Announcements should be sent to the Editor of OR/MS Today, Armand Weiss, 6845 Elm Street, Suite 107, McLean, VA 22101, (703) 442-8780.

Books for review should be sent to the Book Review Editor, Professor Marion Sobel, Cox School of Business, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275.

Reproduction of Journal Articles 1. Permission is granted to quote from this Journal in scientific works with the customary

acknowledgment of the source. The reprinting of a figure, table or an excerpt requires the consent of one of the original authors and the notification of ORSA.

2. Reprinting of any article or a portion of an article beyond that permitted in Paragraph 1 requires written permission from the copyright holder (ORSA) and payment of an appropriate royalty. Reprinting requests should be directed to the ORSA Business Office and should contain the following details: author, title, volume number, year, intended purpose or use of the article (book, journal, abstract, anthology, etc.) and estimated sale price of the work. Permission must first be obtained from the author(s) and be submitted to the Business Office with the request.

3. Libraries maintaining a "reserve list" are permitted to reproduce five copies of an article for this purpose. Additional copies are subject to the copying fee as covered in the 1978 U.S. copyright law as explained in the following paragraph.

4. On the first page of each article is a code line and a notation of a $1.25 fee, which indicates ORSA's consent that copies may be made for personal or internal use of specific clients. A condition of this consent is that the copier must pay the per article fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 21 Congress Street, Salem, MA 01970, (617) 744-3350. This consent does not extend to copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works, or for resale, which is covered in Paragraph 2 above.

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Back Issues: Volumes 14 to date are available from ORSA at $9.00 per issue ($12.00 foreign), payable in advance. Order Volumes 1-13 from Kraus-Thomson Reprint Company, Route 100, Miliwood, NY 10546.

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Microfiche editions are available from KTO Microform, Route 100, Miliwood, NY 10546.

iv



Operations Research COPYRIGHT TRANSFER AGREEMENT

Copyright to the article entitled" ......

by .. ... .......... is hereby transferred to the Operations Research Society of America (ORSA) (for U.S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication in Operations Research. However, the authors reserve the following: (1) All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights. (2) The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain ORSA's written permission as well. However, ORSA may grant rights with respect to journal issues as a whole. (3) The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books. In addition, the authors affirm that the above article has been neither copyrighted nor published, that it is not being submitted for publication elsewhere, and that, if the work is officially sponsored, it has been released for open publication. To be signed by at least one of the authors (who agrees to inform -the others, if any) or, in the case of a "work made for hire," by the employer.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

PRINT NAME PRINT NAME

TITLE, IF NOT AUTHOR TITLE, IF NOT AUTHOR

DATE DATE

This signed statement must be received by the Editor's office before a manuscript can be accepted for processing. Address requests for further information or exceptions to the Business Manager of ORSA.

SUBJECT CLASSIFICATION FOR THE OR/MS INDEX Classify manuscript under one, two, or three subject categories. A complete list of subject categories appears on the following pages. For every number (i.e., subject category) chosen, write a short phrase which places the manuscript in its proper context within the subject category. The total length of each phrase, including spaces and punctuation, must not exceed 60 characters. Example. A paper entitled, "Cost-Effectiveness in Urban Transportation" would be classified under two subject categories: #71 (Cost/Benefit Analysis), and #831 (Transportation). On the Subject Classification Form the numbers and accompanying phrases would be: #71 Urban transportation, #831 Cost-effectiveness in urban transportation.

Subject Category Phrase

1:

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v



SUBJECT CLASSIFICATION FOR THE OR/MS INDEX 1 ACCOUNTING 2 Auditing 3 Depreciation 4 Operating Budgets

11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 21 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 31 CIVIL DEFENSE 41 COMMENTS ON 51 COMMUNICATIONS 52 Information Theory 61 COMPUTERS 62 Analog Techniques 63 File Systems 64 System Design/Operation 65 Time Sharing 71 COST/BENEFIT ANALYSIS 81 COSTING 82 Estimation 83 Life Cycle 91 DECISION ANALYSIS 92 Applications 93 Approximations 94 Criteria 95 Inference 96 Sensitivity 97 Sequential 98 Systems

111 DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING 112 Applications 113 Bayesian

Deterministic 115 Continuous Time 114 Discrete Time

Markov 116 Finite State 117 Infinite State 119 Optimal Control 118 Semi-Markov 131 ECONOMICS 132 Econometrics 133 Input-Output Analysis 141 EDUCATION SYSTEMS 143 Operations 142 Planning 151 ENGINEERING 152 Applications 161 ENVIRONMENT 162 Earthquakes 163 Ecology 164 Noise 165 Pollution 166 Weather 171 ERRATA 181 FACILITIES/EQUIPMENT

PLANNING 182 Capacity Expansion 183 Design 184 Layout 185 Location 186 Maintenance/Replacement 191 FINANCE 192 Capital Assets 193 Capital Budgeting 194 Capital Rationing 195 Corporate Finance 196 Depreciation 197 Investment 198 Investment Criteria 199 Management 202 Portfolio 201 Securities 200 Taxation 203 Working Capital

211 FINANCiAL INSTITUTIONS 212 Banks 217 Brokerage/Trading 213 Insurance 214 Investment 215 Markets 216 Underwriters 221 FORECASTING 222 Applications 225 ARIMA Processes 223 Delphi Technique 224 Regression 226 Time Series 231 GAMES/GROUP DECISIONS 232 Bargaining 233 Bidding 234 Cooperative 235 Gambling 236 Non-cooperative 237 Teams 238 Voting/Committees 251 GOVERNMENT 252 Elections 253 Politics

Services 254 Fire 255 Police 256 Postal 257 Waste Disposal 258 Water 259 Tax Policy 271 HEALTH CARE 272 Ambulance Service 273 Blood Bank 274 Diagnosis 275 Epidemiology 276 Hospitals 277 Pharmaceutical 278 Treatment 291 INDUSTRIES 292 Agriculture/Food 293 Business Services 294 Chemical 295 Communications 296 Construction 297 Electric/Electronic 298 Leisure 299 Lumber/Wood 300 Machinery 301 Mining/Metals 302 Paper 303 Petroleum/Natu.ral Gas 304 Printing/Publications 305 Retail 306 Textiles/Apparel 307 Transportation Equipment 308 Wholesale 321 INFORMATION SYSTEMS 322 Libraries 323 Management 331 INVENTORY/PRODUCTION 332 Applications 333 Approximations 334 Deterministic Models 341 Limit Theorems 342 Linear Decision Rules 343 Measures of Eftectiveness 344 Operating Characteristics 367 Packaging 345 Parameter Estimation 346 Parametric Analysis

INVENTORY/PRODUCTION 347 Perishable Items 348 Planning Horizons

Policies 349 Advertising 350 Capacity 351 Disposal 352 Employment 353 Issuing 354 Leadtime 355 Maintenance 356 Pricing 357 Replacement 358 Review Interval 359 Production Smoothing 360 Reject Allowances 361 Simulation 362 Stochastic Models 366 Surveys 381 JUDICIAL/LEGAL 382 Crime 384 Crime Prevention 383 Law 385 Penal System 391 LABOR 392 Unions 401 MAN-MACHINE SYSTEMS 411 MARKETING 412 Advertising/Promotion 413 Buyer Behavior 414 Competition 415 Distribution 416 Measurement 417 Mix 418 New Products 419 Packaging 420 Pricing 421 Sales Force 431 MATHEMATICS 432 Combinatorics 433 Equations 434 Functions 435 Matrices 436 Sets 441 MILITARY 442 Antisubmarine Warfare 443 Artillery 444 Combat 445 Cost Effectiveness 446 Defense Systems 447 Fire Control 448 Force Effectiveness 449 Lanchester Theory 450 Logistics 459 Missile Systems 451 Requirements Evaluation 452 Search 453 Stochastic Duels 454 Surveillance 455 Tactics 456 Targeting 457 Test/Evaluation 460 Tracking 458 War Games & Simulation 471 NATURAL RESOURCE POLICIES 472 Conservation 473 Energy 474 Land Development 475 Water Resources 481 NETWORKS/GRAPHS 482 Applications

vii



NETWORKS/GRAPHS 483 Distance Algorithms 484 Flow Algorithms 486 Matchings 487 Multi-commodity 488 Stochastic 490 Theory 491 Traveling Salesman 492 Tree Algorithms 501 ORGANIZATIONAL STUDIES 502 Behavior 503 Design 504 Goals 505 Information 506 Leadership 507 Manpower Planning 508 Motivation 509 Personnel 510 Training 521 PHILOSOPHY 531 PHILOSOPHY OF MODELING 541 PLANNING 542 Community 543 Corporate 544 Urban 551 POPULATION 552 Family Planning 561 PROBABILITY 562 Crossing Problems 563 Diffusion 565 Distribution Comparisons 564 Distributions 566 Entropy 567 Markov Processes 568 Random Walk 569 Renewal Processes 570 Stochastic Model Applications 581 PRODUCTION/SCHEDULING 582 Cutting Stock 583 Flow Shop

Job Shop 584 Deterministic 585 Stochastic 586 Line Balancing 587 Materials Handling 588 Product Design 589 Work Studies 601 PROFESSIONAL 602 Addresses 603 Comments On 604 Obituraries 605 OR/MS Education 606 OR/MS Implementation 607 OR/MS Philosophy 608 OR/MS Standards 609 ORSA/TIMS Policy 621 PROGRAMMING 622 Complementarity/Fixed Points 652 Equivalence/Transtormations 623 Fractional 624 Geometric 658 Intinite Horizon

PROGRAMMING Integer

625 Algorithms 627 Branch and Bound 628 Cutting Planes 629 Dynamic Programming 630 Enumerative 631 Group 632 Heuristic 626 Tests 633 Applications 634 Theory 635 Large Scale Systems 636 Leontief Substitution 660 Linear 637 Algorithms 638 Applications 639 Parametric 640 Theory 641 Multiple Criteria 661 Nonlinear 642 Algorithms 643 Tests 644 Cutting Planes 645 Gradient 646 Linear Constraints 647 Penalty/Barrier 648 Unconstrained 649 Applications 650 Theory 651 Duality 653 Optimality Conditions 654 Stability 657 Quadratic 655 Stochastic 656 Chance Constrained 671 PROJECT MANAGEMENT 672 CPM 673 GERT 674 PERT 675 Resource Constraints 681 QUEUES 682 Applications 683 Approximations 684 Balking and Reneging 685 Batch Arrivals 686 Batch Service 687 Birth-Death 688 Busy Period Analysis 689 Cyclic 707 Dam Models 690 Deterministic 706 Diffusion Models 691 Feedback 692 Limit Theorems 705 Markovian 693 Multi-channel 694 Networks 695 Nonstationary 696 Optimization 697 Output Procesb 698 Priority 700 Simulation

QUEUES 701 Statistical Inference 702 Switching 703 Tandem 704 Transient Results 720 RECREATION/SPORTS 721 RELIABILITY 722 Availability 723 Failure Models 724 Inspection 725 Life Distributions 726 Life Testing 727 Maintenance 728 Quality Control 729 Redundancy/Spares 730 Replacement 731 System Safety 741 RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT 742 Project Selection 751 SEARCH AND SURVEILLANCE 761 SIMULATION 762 Applications 763 Design of Experiments 769 Efficiency 764 Gaming 765 Languages 766 Random-Number Generation 767 Statistical Analysis 768 Systems Dynamics 781 SPACE PROGRAM 791 STATISTICS 792 Analysis of Variance 793 Bayesian 794 Censoring 795 Cluster Analysis 796 Correlation 797 Data Analysis 798 Design of Experiments 799 Estimation 800 Factor Analysis 801 Nonparametric 802 Pattern Analysis 803 Regression 804 Sampling 805 Time Series 821 TECHNOLOGY 831 TRANSPORTATION 832 Air 833 Mass Transit 834 Materials Handling 835 Rail 836 Road 837 Route Selection 838 Traffic 839 Water

UTILITY/PREFERENCE 855 Applications 856 Estimation 852 Multi-attribute 853 Scaling 851 Theory 854 Value Theory

viii



1980-1981 Operations Research Society of Amerk'a

COUNCIL OF THE SOCIETY EDITORS OFFICERS

OPERATIONS RESEARCH President: GEORGE L. NEMHAUSER

SORIE, Upson Hall, Cornell Univ., Ith- WILLIAM P. PIERSKALLA, 2 Denford aca, NY 14853, 607-256-3410 Drive, Newtown Square, PA 19003

Vice President/President-Elect: 215-243-5611 WILLIAM P. PIERSKALLA The Leonard Davis Inst. of Health Eco- TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE nomics, The Univ. of Pennsylvania, 3641 Locust Walk CE, Philadelphia, PA RICHARD W. ROTHERY, General Motors 19174, 215-243-5611 Research Laboratories, Transportation

Secretary: MICHAEL E. THOMAS and Traffic Science, 12 Mile-Mound School of Industrial and Systems En- Roads, Warren, MI 48090, 313-575-2704 gineering, Georgia Institute of Technol- ogy, Atlanta, GA 30332, 404-894-2300 PUBLICATIONS IN OPERATIONS RE- Treasurer: HUGH E. BRADLEY SEARCHTIORSI Corporate Information Systems, Syn- SARICH (PORS) tex (USA) Inc., 3401 Hillview Ave., Palo SAUnL .GAss, College of Business and Alto, CA 94304, 415-858-2325 x243 Management, Univ. of Maryland, Col-

Secretary's Assistant: RUTH M. LEO lege Park, MD 20742, 301-454-3842 School of Indus. and Systems Engineer- ing, Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta, GA INTERFACES* 30332, 404-894-2300

PAST PRESIDENTS GENE D. WOOLSEY, Dept. of Mineral Economics, Colorado School of Mines,

1979-1982: SETH BONDER Golden, CO 80401, 303-279-0300 x484 Vector Research, Inc., P.O. Box 1506, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, 313-973-9210

1980-1983: JOHN D. C. LITTLE MATHEMATICS OF OPERATIONS RE- Sloan School of Management, E53-350, SEARCH* Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cam- STEPHEN M. ROBINSON, Dept. of Indus- bridge, MA 02139, 617-253-3738 trial Engineering, Univ. of Wisconsin,

1981-1984: ROBERT HERMAN 1513 University Avenue, Madison, WI Dept. of Civil Engineering, Cockrell 53706 608-263-6862 Hall, University of Texas, Austin, TX 5 78712, 512-471-4379

MEMBERS OR/MS TODAY* 1979-1982 ARMAND B. WEISS, 6845 Elm Street, Suite

RALPH L. KEENEY, Woodward-Clyde 107, McLean, VA 22101, 703-442-8780 Consultants, Three Embarcadero Cen- Joint Publicatons of the Operations Re- ter, Suite 700, San Francisco, CA 94111 search Society of America and The Institute 415-956-7070 seagemet Sciencst

ERIC WOLMAN, WB 1L-353, Bell Labora- of Management Sciences. tories, Holmdel, NJ 07733, 201-870-7346

1980-1983 PETER J. KOLESAR, Graduate School of BUSINESS OFFICE

Business Administration, Columbia PATRICIA H. MORRIS, Executive Director Univ, Uris Hall, New York, NY 10027, DEBORAH M. KUCHTIAK, Administrative 212-280-4105 Assistant: ORSA Business Offi'ce, 428

JUDITH S. LIEBMAN, Dept. of Mechanical East Preston Street, Baltimore, MD and Industrial Engineering, 144 Me-210,315846 chanical Engin. Bldg., 1206 West Green Street, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, 217-333-6927

1981-1984 SOCIETY OFFICE STEPHEN M. POLLOCK, Department of

Industrial and Operations Engineering, ORSA Circulation Office: Send member- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI ship dues ($25.00), address changes, claims 48109, 313-764-9403 of non-receipt, non-member subscription or-

THOMAS C. VARLEY, Office of Naval Re- ders, and all other correspondence not di- search, Department of the Navy, 800 rectly related to the mailing list to: ORSA North Quincy Street, Arlington, VA Business Office, 428 East Preston Street, 22217, 202-696-4313. Baltimore, MD 21202 (301) 528-4146

ix



COMMITTEES 1981-1982

Affiliated Professional Activities Publications

THOM J. HODGSON, Dept. of Industrial MARSHALL L. FISHER, Dept. of Decision and Systems Engineering, Univ. of Sciences, Wharton School, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, 904-392- Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19174, 1464 215-243-7721

Education and Student Affairs Technical Sections

THOMAS L. MAGNANTI, Sloan School of JUDITH S. LIEBMAN, Dept. of Mechan. Management, E53-357, Massachusetts and Indust. Engin., Univ. of Illinois, Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA 02139, Urbana, IL 61801, 217-333-6927 617-253-6604

Ethics and Professional Practice Visiting Lecturer Program

JOHN D. KETTELLE, Ketron, Inc., Rosslyn TIMOTHY J. LOWE, Krannert School of

Center 18th floor, 1700 North Moore Magemen IN Univ7, West4-a- Street, Arlington, VA 22209, 703-558- fayette, IN 47907, 317-494-1049 8801

von Neumann Theory Prize

ALAN J. GOLDMAN, Department of Math- GERALD R. MCNICHOLS, Management ematical Sciences, The Johns Hopkins

Consulting and Research, Inc., Two University, Maryland Hall, Baltimore, Skyline Place, 5203 Leesburg Pike, MD 21218, 301-338-7207 Suite 608, Falls Church, VA 22041, 703- 820-4600

Ad Hoc Committee on Public Affairs

Kimball Medal DENOS C. GAZIS, IBM, Thomas J. Watson

SAUL I. GASS, College of Business & Man- Research Center, P.O. Box 218, York- agement, Univ. of Maryland, College town Heights, NY 10598, 914-945-2176 Park, MD 20742, 310-454-3842

Ad Hoc Committee on Public Relations Lanchester Prize JOHN Y. BARRY, Ayres, Barry Corp., 18

LINUS E. SCHRAGE, 1980-Graduate Harris Road, Princeton, NJ 08540, 609- School of Business, Univ. of Chicago, 921-2525 5836 South Greenwood Avenue, Chi- cago, IL 60637, 312-753-3684

DANIEL P. HEYMAN, 1981-Bell Tele- Representatives phone Laboratories, WB-IG 311, Holm- AAAS SAUL I. GASS del, NJ 07733, 201-229-6850 x2029 ACM RICHARD. P. O'NEILL

Long Range Planning AIDS HERBERT MOSKOWITZ

ERIC WOLMAN, Bell Telephone Labora- AIIE JOHN A. WHITE tories, WB-1L 353, Holmdel, NJ 07733, AHA RICHARD H. SHACHTMAN 201-870-7346

ASPA WILLIAM A. WALLACE Meetings CBMS WILLIAM F. LUCAS

JOHN J. JARVIS, School of Indus. and Systems Engineering, Georgia Inst. of CORS JAMES H. BOOKBINDER Tech., Atlanta, GA 30332, 404-894-2313 CSSP GEORGE L. NEMHAUSER

Membership IAPS/NASCP J. FRANKLIN SHARP

ROBERT C. CARLSON, Industrial Engi- IEEE RICHARD C. LARSON

neering Dept., Stanford Univ., Stan- IFORS SETH BONDER ford, CA 94305, 415-497-9110

IIASA HARVEY M. WAGNER

Nominating MORS CLAYTON J. THOMAS

JOHN D.C. LITTLE, Sloan School of Man- NRC SAUL I. GASS agement, E53-350, Massachusetts Inst. MPS A C WILIAMS of Tech., Cambridge, MA 02139, 617- LBERT . IL 253-3738 SIAM ERIC WOLMAN

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