RENAISSANCEGlobal AIS Unit 7

MAP AND TIMELINE

For your reference

THE RISE OF CAPITALISM

EFFECTS OF THE CRUSADES ON THE ECONOMY New Markets and Towns

Created because of the revival of trade after the Crusades

Remember: How did the Crusades revitalize trade?

End of Feudalism Freed serfs left the manors and moved to

cities and towns Remember: Many serfs joined the Crusades

Money economy (capitalism) replaced land ownership Land was no longer the best to thing to have Why? Because it’s no longer necessary to be self-

sufficient

THE COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION Commercial Revolution

A “change” from a feudal economy to money (market) economy

Remember: What was the Neolithic Revolution? Market Economy

Price is determined by two things Demand for a product (how popular it is) Supply available (how much there is)

CapitalismEconomic system based on using capital

(investment money)Prices are determined by the market (trends,

necessities)

THE COMMERCIAL REVOLUTION CONT’D Rise of the Middle Class

Before there wasn’t a middle class: people were either rich or poor

Created in the new townsMade of business people: merchants,

bankers, and craftsmen Guilds

Business organizations created to promote and protect a certain trade (craft) in a community or region Created by the middle class to help them

maintain their status in the town/society

“INTERNATIONAL” TRADE Hanseatic League

Northern Europe-Baltic Sea The big circle by Sweden on your map Organization of trading merchants from large cities

in Northern Europe Reaction to the success and domination of Italians

in the south Italian City-States

Southern Europe-Mediterranean Sea Dominated trade between Asia and Europe Main cities: Venice, Genoa, Naples Very independent Remember: What classical civilization had city-

states?

HUMANISM AND A REBIRTH OF LEARNING IN EUROPE

RENEWED INTEREST IN LEARNING People became more creative and

began to look at things from a different perspective

In the Dark Ages, monks were the most literate people. Pictures and art were used to teach people in the church.

During the Renaissance, more people got an education and became CURIOUS about the world.

RENEWED INTEREST CONT’D Greek and Roman Learning

Reborn in Europe Art, Philosophy, Literature, Science

Asian Learning Asian ideas spread to Europe through TRADE

with Muslims (cultural diffusion!) Navigation, Science, Medicine

Monastic System Same as the Middle Ages (monks in

monasteries) Preserved and spread old and new learning Began new universities

Where many of the non-monks learned!

WHY THE RENAISSANCE BEGAN IN ITALY Italy’s GREAT location led them to

become great tradersOn the Mediterranean SeaCentral in Southern EuropeClose to the Muslim Empire and Asia

Trade led to great wealthThroughout history, trade centers naturally

become wealthy

WHY THE RENAISSANCE BEGAN IN ITALY CONT’D Wealth led to many patrons (a person

who supports an artist or thinker)Picked people who they felt had talent

Patrons led to great universities and works of artWould give money to universities to

encourage subjects they thought were important

Sponsored artists so they could create without their own income

WHY THE RENAISSANCE BEGAN IN ITALY CONT’D Florence, Italy

Center of the Renaissance artistic worldGrew from the support of the Medici family

(a VERY wealthy family)

HUMANISM

HUMANISM Humanism

The intellectual and artistic movement during the Renaissance

Focused more on everyday life (secular) Secular

Not church-relatedPart of the everyday world

HUMANISM IN ART Theme: everyday man

Painted/sculpted normal people as opposed to the Bible Stories and saints in art from the Middle Ages

PerspectivePainting technique used to make images

look more realisticGoal was a 3-dimensional image

HUMANISM IN ART CONT’D Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)

“Renaissance Man” Could do many things really well

Famous Paintings: Mona Lisa, The Last Supper

Scientist, obsessed with anatomy Dissected a body to improve his paintings

Mirror Writing Famous for writing fluently in a way that could

only be read in a mirror Inventor

Invented things that were way before his time

Paintings

Inventions

The identity of the woman in the Mona Lisa has never been discovered.

Scientist

HUMANISM IN ART CONT’D Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564)

Great sculptor and painterSculpted the statue of DavidPainted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in

Venice

Sistine Chapel

David

HUMANISM IN LITERATURE Characteristics

Wrote less about religion and more about everyday life

Wrote to entertain peopleWrote in the vernacular

VernacularThe local everyday language of the people

Italian, French, Spanish, etc…Latin: language of the church

HUMANISM IN LITERATURE CONT’D Dante Alighieri

Italian writerWrote in vernacular (Italian, not Latin)Most famous work: Divine Comedy

Put a human touch on heaven and hell Story of himself walking through those places

“Do not be afraid; our fateCannot be taken from us; it is a gift.”

“In the middle of the journey of our life I found myself within a dark woods where the straight way was lost.”

“There is no greater sorrow then to recall our times of joy in wretchedness.”

Dante’s Circles of Hell1: Limbo2: Lust3: Gluttony4: Greed5: Anger6: Heresy7: Violence 8: Fraud9: Treachery

HUMANISM IN LITERATURE CONT’D Cervantes

Spanish writerMost famous work: Don Quixote

Poked fun at traditions, such as knighthood, chivalry, and nobles

“Finally, from so little sleeping and so much reading, his brain dried up and he went completely out of his mind.”

Too much sanity may be madness. And maddest of all, to see life as it is and not as it should be.”

“Virtue is persecuted by the wicked more than it is loved by the good.”

HUMANISM IN LITERATURE CONT’D William Shakespeare

English writerWrote plays and sonnetsFocused on everyday emotions, situations,

and lifeHis storylines are still being used today

The Lion King: Hamlet 10 Things I Hate About You: Taming of the Shrew She’s The Man: Twelfth Night Warm Bodies: Romeo and Juliet

“The fool doth think he is wise, but the wise man knows himself to be a fool.” ― William Shakespeare, As You Like It

“Love all, trust a few, do wrong to none.” ― William Shakespeare, All's Well That Ends Well

“Be not afraid of greatness. Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and others have greatness thrust upon them.” ― William Shakespeare, Twelfth Night

“The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, but in ourselves.” ― William Shakespeare, Julius Caesar

“This above all: to thine own self be true, And it must follow, as the night the day, Thou canst not then be false to any man.” ― William Shakespeare, Hamlet

Poor Yorick from Hamlet

RENAISSANCE TECHNOLOGY Printing Press (1450)

Invented by Johann GutenbergMade books available to and affordable for

the masses People started reading more than the Bible

Dramatically increased the collective knowledge of Europe

Considered by many to be the most important innovation in history