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Grade11 TAKS Review Cards 1-Sided

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    13 Colonies

    Original east coast areassettled by Great

    Britain/England beginningin 1607 that became the

    original 13 states.

    1776 On July 4th of this yearfifty-six representatives

    from the thirteen coloniesmet and unanimously

    approved the Declarationof Independence.

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    1787

    Between May 25 andSeptember 17 of this year,

    delegates gathered inPhiladelphia to revise theArticles of Confederation.

    Instead they drafted,debated, compromised,and finally approved for

    ratification the Constitutionof the United States.

    Issues Causing theRevolution

    No taxation withoutrepresentation; colonialprotests against British

    policies and taxes; Battles

    at Lexington/Concord.

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    1861-1865

    The American Civil War

    was fought during theseyears. It began with thefiring on Fort Sumter and

    ended with theConfederate surrender atAppomattox Court House

    almost four years later.

    Articles ofConfederation

    This document, the

    nations first constitution,was adopted by theSecond Continental

    Congress in 1781 duringthe Revolution. The

    document was limited

    because states held mostof the power to tax,

    regulate trade, or controlcoinage.

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    Bill of Rights

    The first ten amendmentsto the Constitution(ratified in 1791)

    Declaration ofIndependence This document wasadopted the SecondContinental Congress on

    July 4, 1776. Itestablished the 13

    colonies as independent

    states, free from rule byGreat Britain. ThomasJefferson wrote the

    majority of this document.

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    Nullification Crisis

    In 1832, South Carolina threatenedto secede(withdraw) from the United

    States (Union) if the federalgovernment tried to collect tariffduties(taxes on imports) in theirstate. South Carolina used the

    doctrine of states rightsto try andnullify(ignore) the tariff laws.President Andrew Jackson got

    Congress to pass a law (the ForceBill) saying that he could use the

    army or navy if necessary to enforcethe tariff law. South Carolina backed

    down from their threat to secedeand a compromise tariff bill was

    passed.

    English Bill ofRights

    King William and QueenMary accepted this

    document in 1689. Itguaranteed certain rights toEnglish citizens and

    declared that elections forParliament would happenfrequently. By accepting

    this document, theysupported a limited

    monarchy, a system inwhich they shared their

    power with Parliament andthe people.

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    Federalism The distribution of powerbetween the federal(central or national)government and the

    individual states within aunion

    Federalist Papers a series of essays writtenby three leading

    FederalistsJames Madison,

    Alexander Hamilton, and

    John Jay(they supported a strongcentral government)

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    FederalistsThose favoring ratificationof the Constitution and a

    federalist form ofgovernment

    (strong central govt)

    Anti- FederalistsThose opposed to the

    Constitution because theyfeared the power of the

    national government wastoo strong they wanted a

    Bill of Rights guaranteeingindividual rights included inthe U.S. Constitution

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    Founding Fathers

    This term applies to thoseindividuals who played a

    major role in declaringU.S. independence,

    fighting Revolutionary War,or writing and adopting the

    U.S. Constitution. Theyinclude Thomas Jefferson,

    George Washington, andJames Madison.

    States Rights

    States Rights the idea that any

    state has the right to control allissues/laws in their state without

    interference of the FederalGovernment. It was mostly used bySouthern states to argue that they

    had the right to nullify (ignore)federal laws they did not agree with.

    States rights became a leading

    cause of the Civil War as Southernstates seceded(withdrew) from theUnited States and formed the

    Confederate States of America in1861.

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    16th AmendmentCreates the Federal

    Income Tax provisions.This was an amendmentstrongly supported by theProgressive Reformers.

    17th AmendmentProvides for direct election

    of Senators, anotheramendment supported by

    the Progressives.

    http://sacto.com/taxes/html/copyright.htmhttp://sacto.com/taxes/html/copyright.htm
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    Magna Carta

    This document, signed by KingJohn of England in 1215, is the

    cornerstone of English justiceand law. It declared that the kingand government were bound bythe same laws as other citizens.

    It contained the ideas of dueprocess and the right to a fair

    and speedy trial that areincluded in the protection offered

    by the U.S. Bill of Rights.

    19th

    Amendment

    Provides women the rightto vote (womans suffrage)

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    24th

    Amendment

    Eliminates the poll tax

    as a requirement to votein primary elections for

    federal and stateofficials. Part of the Civil

    Rights legislation of

    1964.

    26th Amendment

    Extends the right to vote to18-year-olds.

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    1898Date of the Spanish

    American War between theU.S. and Spain. The incident

    that began the war was thesinking of the U.S. battleshipMainein the harbor at

    Havana, Cuba. The U.S. wonand got Puerto Rico andGuam and bought the

    Philippines for $20 million.

    The U.S. became a worldpower as a result of this war.

    1914 1918

    Dates for World War I

    WWI was fought between the CentraPowers (Germany, Austria-Hungary,and the Ottoman Empire) and the

    Allied Powers (Britain, France,Russia, and after 1917, the UnitedStates). This war ended with the

    Treaty of Versailles. U.S. PresidentWoodrow Wilson prepared his

    Fourteen Pointscalling for a Leagueof Nations. The U.S. Congressrejected U.S. involvement in theLeague of Nations and the U.S.

    became more isolationist.

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    1929Date of the Stock Market

    CrashIn October, 1929 the U.S.Stock Market [Wall Street]crashed and led the UnitedStates (and the world) intothe Great Depression of

    the 1930s.

    15th

    Amendment

    This amendment grantedblack men the right to vote.

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    13th

    Amendment

    This amendment freed allslaves without

    compensation to theslaveowners. It made

    slavery illegal in the UnitedStates.

    14th AmendmentThis amendment declared

    that all persons born ornaturalized as citizens inthe United States wereentitled to equal rights

    regardless of their race,

    and that their rights wereprotected at the local, state

    and national levels.

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    1941 1945

    Dates for World War IIWWII began in Europe in1939 when Hitler invadedPoland. The United Statesentered the war after theJapanese bombed Pearl

    Harbor in Hawaii onDecember 7, 1941. The

    war ended when the U.S.dropped the first atomic

    bomb on Japan in Augustof 1945.

    Gilded Age1876 1900

    Eras in U.S. History

    Era of westward expansion andindustrialization. The rise of therich industrialists called RobberBaronscreated a gap between

    the rich, the workers, andfarmers who tried to increase

    their share of the national wealththrough the Populistmovement.

    Immigration increased and citiesgrew (urbanization). Workers

    began to organize into unions tobargain for better wages and

    working conditions.

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    Progressive & Reform

    Era1900 1919

    Eras in U.S. HistoryProgressives wanted to

    reform American life andimprove political, social, and

    economic conditions forworkers, farmers, urbanmiddle class, women,

    children and minorities. Somereforms were successful.

    Roaring 20s

    1920s

    Eras in U.S. History

    An era of prosperity,technological and socialchange. America becameisolationist and began to

    limit immigration. This wasa time of Prohibition, jazz

    music, the HarlemRenaissance - there was

    little interest in socialreform.

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    Growth of

    representativeinstitutions

    The Virginia House of Burgesseswas the first representativegovernment assembly in the

    colonies (1619);The Mayflower Compact was adocument outlining principles of

    self-government for colonists(1620)

    The Fundamental Orders ofConnecticut are one of the firstwritten colonial constitutions.

    (1639)

    Great Depression1930s

    Eras in U.S. HistoryBeginning with the Stock

    Market Crash of 1929, theUnited States entered an

    economic decline called theGreat Depression. President

    Franklin D. Roosevelt ledgovernment reforms of the

    economy called the NewDeal to try and bring the U.S.out of depression and putAmerican back to work.

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    World War II and ColdWar begins

    1940s and 1950s

    Eras in U.S. HistoryU.S. came out of World War II in

    1945 as a world power withnuclear weapons (atomic bomb).This era is characterized by the

    growing rivalry between the U.S.and the Soviet Union as leadersin the free worldand the

    communist world. This rivalry ledto the Korean War, Sputnik (1957)and the Space Race, and later the

    Cuban Missile Crisis.

    The 1950s were characterized byprosperity, the growth of suburbs,and growth in education through

    the GI Bill.

    Civil Rights and theTurbulent 60s

    1960s

    Eras in U.S. HistoryThe 1960s was an era of social

    and political change. Events andideas included: The Vietnam Conflict The assassination of President

    Kennedy The Civil Rights movement

    and President Johnsons

    Great Societylegislation Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. led

    the way for equality forAfrican-Americans, but wasassassinated in 1968.

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    Modern America1970s present

    Eras in U.S. HistoryThe Vietnam War ended in

    the 1970s and the U.S.returned to more normalcy.In the 1980s the Cold Warwas declining and America

    was moving toward aninformation and

    technological age. TheU.S. entered the 21st

    century as a major worldleader.

    Theodore Roosevelt A popular President inthe early 1900s. He ledthe US into a position asa world power and was

    called the trust busterfor

    his attacks on bigbusiness.

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    Woodrow Wilson

    President during WorldWar I, he was

    responsible for theFourteen Pointsof the

    Treaty of Versailles andthe ideas that led to

    creation of the League

    of Nationsafter WWI.

    Susan B. AnthonyThis reform leader

    fought for equal rightsfor women, especially tovote [suffrage] and for

    prohibition.

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    W.E.B. DuBoisThis leader was founder

    of the NAACP andimportant reformsbenefiting African-

    Americans

    Reasons for US

    involvement inWorld War I

    The U.S. joined the

    Allies in World War I inNovember of 1917because of:

    Unrestrictedsubmarine warfare by

    the Germans Support for the Allies

    http://www.americaslibrary.gov/aa/dubois/aa_dubois_subj_e.htmlhttp://www.americaslibrary.gov/aa/dubois/aa_dubois_subj_e.html
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    Treaty of Versailles The treaty ending WWI

    that redrew the map ofEurope and blamed

    Germany for the war,requiring her to pay

    reparations.

    Wilsons FourteenPoints Points and provisions forThe League of Nationsrepresented President

    Wilsons goals after WWI.

    The U.S. Senate refused

    to ratify the Treaty andparticipate in the League

    of Nations

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    Issues addressed

    during the Gilded Ageof US History

    U.S. expansion andimperialism

    Labor UnionsFarm issuesRise of Big Business

    including RobberBarons

    Treatment of minorities(including women)

    Child labor

    Trends addressedduring the Gilded Age of

    US HistoryIndustrialization

    MigrationImmigrationUrbanization

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    Clarence Darrow1925

    He was a leadingcriminal lawyer who wasthe defense attorney inthe Scopes Trial, The

    issue was aboutteaching evolution.

    William Jennings

    Bryan 1925

    A Populist candidate for

    President three timesand a former Secretaryof State, Bryan was a

    lawyer for theprosecution in theScopes Trialand

    supported the views offundamentalists that no

    teaching of evolutionshould occur in schools.

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    Henry Ford

    A leading industrialistand manufacturer of oneof the first automobiles.

    His innovation ofassembly-lineproduction and the

    inexpensive Model Aand Model T Ford

    revolutionized

    transportation andindustry in America.

    Charles Lindbergh An aviation pioneer, hewas the first pilot to flysolo, non-stop acrossthe Atlantic from the

    U.S. to France in 1927.

    His plane was calledThe Spirit of St. Louis.

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    Franklin DelanoRoosevelt

    President of the U.S. from1932 1945, Roosevelt was

    a Democrat elected at the

    height of the GreatDepression who promised togive a New Deal to the

    American people. He led thegovernment in providingprograms that did help

    economic recovery and also

    led the U.S. during WorldWar II. He died suddenly in

    April of 1945.

    Red ScareA period of anticommunistsentiment and hysteria thatswept the United States in

    the 1920s. It was a reactionto the Bolshevik Revolution in

    Russia in 1917 andcommunist ideas spreading

    through Europe. The RedScare and xenophobia fueled

    the famous Sacco andVanzetti case.

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    20th centuryImmigration

    The Immigration Acts of1924 and 1925 severely

    limited immigration fromAsia, Southern andEastern Europe, and

    Africa. These limits werethe result of a generaldistrust of foreigners

    and a sense of growingisolationism.

    XenophobiaA growing fear in the

    U.S. of foreigners ledto the rise of such

    organizations as the

    KKK.

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    ProhibitionThe 18th Amendmentprohibitedthe manufactureand sale of alcoholic

    beverages. People ignoredthe law through smuggling,moonshining [making yourown alcohol], speakeasies(private clubs), and the rise ofthe Mafia.

    Prohibition was repealed bythe 21st Amendment.

    Events that define theGreat Depression

    Stock Market Crash (1929)

    New Deal

    Federal Deposit InsuranceCorporation

    Social Security Act

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    The People Associatedwith World War II, Cold

    War and the 1960s

    Franklin D. Roosevelt

    Hitler

    Stalin

    Churchill

    Harry Truman

    Martin Luther King Jr.

    Rise of dictators

    The increased influenceof fascist dictators

    during the 1920s and1930s (Hitler/Germanyand Mussolini/Italy) was

    one major cause ofWWII.

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.gms-reisen.ch/images/Heft%252053/Mussolini-1f.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.gms-reisen.ch/heft_53.htm&h=428&w=397&sz=31&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=MBBmL1SLLBstrM:&tbnh=126&tbnw=117&prev=/images%3Fq%3DMussolini%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLJ,GGLJ:2006-32,GGLJ:enhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ablecd.wz.cz/vendeta/fuhrer/hitler-pretorians.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ablecd.wz.cz/vendeta/hitler.php&h=340&w=290&sz=24&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=zv2lJMnu_ZFcpM:&tbnh=119&tbnw=102&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dhitler%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLJ,GGLJ:2006-32,GGLJ:enhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://tammybruce.com/archives/MLK.jpg&imgrefurl=http://tammybruce.com/mainstream_media/&h=416&w=300&sz=37&hl=en&start=9&tbnid=26_i3daU-XMVlM:&tbnh=125&tbnw=90&prev=/images%3Fq%3DMLK%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLJ,GGLJ:2006-32,GGLJ:enhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.eroj.org/cromos/Stalin/med/med_Stalin.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.eroj.org/cromos/Stalin/html/Stalin.html&h=450&w=300&sz=69&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=rgdv4cu8YCppcM:&tbnh=127&tbnw=85&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstalin%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLJ,GGLJ:2006-32,GGLJ:enhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.historyplace.com/specials/calendar/docs-pix/harry-truman.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.historyplace.com/specials/portraits/presidents/index.html&h=473&w=453&sz=31&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=wxn5kEGbOmdCdM:&tbnh=129&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dharry%2Btruman%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLJ,GGLJ:2006-32,GGLJ:enhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/images/hitler_adolf.jpg&imgrefurl=http://totaldrek.blogspot.com/2006_09_01_totaldrek_archive.html&h=224&w=158&sz=6&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=7ydVJq_i2hvM-M:&tbnh=108&tbnw=76&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dhitler%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLJ,GGLJ:2006-32,GGLJ:enhttp://www.solarnavigator.net/history/explorers_history/winston_churchill.jpghttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.gms-reisen.ch/images/Heft%252053/Mussolini-1f.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.gms-reisen.ch/heft_53.htm&h=428&w=397&sz=31&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=MBBmL1SLLBstrM:&tbnh=126&tbnw=117&prev=/images%3Fq%3DMussolini%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLJ,GGLJ:2006-32,GGLJ:enhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ablecd.wz.cz/vendeta/fuhrer/hitler-pretorians.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ablecd.wz.cz/vendeta/hitler.php&h=340&w=290&sz=24&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=zv2lJMnu_ZFcpM:&tbnh=119&tbnw=102&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dhitler%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLJ,GGLJ:2006-32,GGLJ:enhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://tammybruce.com/archives/MLK.jpg&imgrefurl=http://tammybruce.com/mainstream_media/&h=416&w=300&sz=37&hl=en&start=9&tbnid=26_i3daU-XMVlM:&tbnh=125&tbnw=90&prev=/images%3Fq%3DMLK%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLJ,GGLJ:2006-32,GGLJ:enhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.eroj.org/cromos/Stalin/med/med_Stalin.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.eroj.org/cromos/Stalin/html/Stalin.html&h=450&w=300&sz=69&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=rgdv4cu8YCppcM:&tbnh=127&tbnw=85&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstalin%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLJ,GGLJ:2006-32,GGLJ:enhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.historyplace.com/specials/calendar/docs-pix/harry-truman.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.historyplace.com/specials/portraits/presidents/index.html&h=473&w=453&sz=31&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=wxn5kEGbOmdCdM:&tbnh=129&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dharry%2Btruman%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLJ,GGLJ:2006-32,GGLJ:enhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/images/hitler_adolf.jpg&imgrefurl=http://totaldrek.blogspot.com/2006_09_01_totaldrek_archive.html&h=224&w=158&sz=6&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=7ydVJq_i2hvM-M:&tbnh=108&tbnw=76&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dhitler%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLJ,GGLJ:2006-32,GGLJ:enhttp://www.solarnavigator.net/history/explorers_history/winston_churchill.jpg
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    Pearl Harbor

    December 7, 1941 aday that will live in

    infamy whenJapanese planes

    attacked the U.S. NavalBase in Hawaii. This

    event brought the United

    States into WWII.

    World War IIA Multiple Front War

    World War II was foughtin two major areas

    Europe/North Africa andthe Pacific. Each of

    these fronts wasimportant to the Allied

    efforts to win the war. In

    Europe the main targetswere Germany and Italy.In the Pacific the main

    target was Japan.

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    Holocaust

    During the World War II erathere was systematic

    persecution, relocation, andexecution of over 10,000,000

    people by the Nazi Germangovernment. Jewish peoplethroughout Germany and

    occupied Europe were a majortarget of this racism. The

    concentration camps and deathcamps of the Nazis killed over

    6,000,000 Jews and 4,000,000others victims targeted forextinction.

    Battle of Midway

    A turning point in the

    Allied war effort in thePacific. This important

    naval battle in 1942stopped the Japanesemovement across the

    Pacific and began acounter-offensive by theUnited States to defeat

    Japan.

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    D-Day (Invasion ofNormandy)

    A turning point in thewar in Europe. This

    battle (June 6, 1944)

    started with an attack bythe Allies on thebeaches of Normandy(northern France) and

    launched the Allied planthat caused Germany to

    surrender in May of1945.

    Atomic bomb

    When the Japanese refusedto surrender in the summer of

    1945, the United Statesdropped the first atomic bomb

    on the Japanese city ofHiroshima on August 6, 1945.

    After Japan still refusedsurrender, a second bomb

    was dropped on Nagasaki onAugust 9, 1945. TheJapanese surrendered onSeptember 2, 1945 andWorld War II was over.

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    World War IIEffects

    on the Homefront Rationing

    Female employment

    End of the Depression

    GI Bill

    Internment of Japanese-

    Americans

    Cold War milestones

    Truman Doctrine

    Marshall Plan

    NATO

    McCarthyism

    Korean War

    Sputnik I

    Vietnam War

    http://ratcage.com/tv/mash/images/mash-cast2.jpghttp://www.arrakeen.ch/usacan/256%20%20Vietnam%20war%20memorial.jpghttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/image/spacecraft/sputnik_1.gif&imgrefurl=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog%3Fsc%3D1957-001B&h=535&w=418&sz=133&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=1QVB1-KvXqQr2M:&tbnh=132&tbnw=103&prev=/images%3Fq%3DSputnik%2BI%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLJ,GGLJ:2006-32,GGLJ:enhttp://www.flagguys.com/img/nato.gifhttp://ratcage.com/tv/mash/images/mash-cast2.jpghttp://www.arrakeen.ch/usacan/256%20%20Vietnam%20war%20memorial.jpghttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/image/spacecraft/sputnik_1.gif&imgrefurl=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/database/MasterCatalog%3Fsc%3D1957-001B&h=535&w=418&sz=133&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=1QVB1-KvXqQr2M:&tbnh=132&tbnw=103&prev=/images%3Fq%3DSputnik%2BI%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLJ,GGLJ:2006-32,GGLJ:enhttp://www.flagguys.com/img/nato.gif
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    Civil Rights movement In the 1950s and 1960s

    an organized campaignby individuals and

    groups to extend basiccivil and personal rights

    to minorities.

    Brown v Board of

    Education(1954)

    This court case overturnedPlessy v Ferguson (1896

    separate but equal,segregation)) and began tochange schools and public

    facilities from racially segregatedto integrated.

    Thurgood Marshall successfullyargued the case before the

    United States Supreme Court.He later became the first African-American to be nominated andto serve on the Supreme Court.

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    Civil Rights Act of

    1964

    Great Societylegislation

    This law was part of themassive civil rightslegislation of the

    1960sit specificallybanned racial

    discrimination in all

    public facilities and as aconsideration for

    employment.

    Voting Rights Act of1965

    Great Societylegislation

    Put the voter registrationprocess under Federalcontrol and banned the

    use of restrictivepractices to prevent

    people, particularlyminorities, from

    registering and voting.

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    Great Society

    The name given to PresidentLyndon Baines Johnsonsdomestic policy and reform

    program in the 1960s. The GreatSociety programsincluded keyCivil Rights legislation, HeadStart Kindergartens, and theElementary and Secondary

    Education Act.

    Medical programs such asMedicare and Medicaid were

    also part of the Great Societyprogram.

    Key TechnologicalInnovations

    =

    Electricity Thomas Edison

    Telephone Alexander GrahamBell

    Medical vaccines

    Telegraph Samuel Morse

    Petroleum-based products Edwin Drake

    Computers

    http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bu.edu/webcentral/learning/fireworks2/graphics/thomas_edison.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.bu.edu/webcentral/learning/fireworks2/preparation.html&h=759&w=550&sz=144&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=MzXEfQ8bSOOzsM:&tbnh=142&tbnw=103&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dthomas%2Bedison%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLJ,GGLJ:2006-32,GGLJ:enhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/Ezra-exhibit/EC-life/Screen/E3856_0074.JPEG&imgrefurl=http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/Ezra-exhibit/EC-life/EC-life-5.html&h=393&w=600&sz=113&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=U90od2VoaO11LM:&tbnh=88&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtelegraph%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLJ,GGLJ:2006-32,GGLJ:enhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.polio.umich.edu/images/Salk.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.polio.umich.edu/history/salk.html&h=150&w=140&sz=48&hl=en&start=15&tbnid=x2DaXNh_RxCBUM:&tbnh=96&tbnw=90&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsalk%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLJ,GGLJ:2006-32,GGLJ:enhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bu.edu/webcentral/learning/fireworks2/graphics/thomas_edison.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.bu.edu/webcentral/learning/fireworks2/preparation.html&h=759&w=550&sz=144&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=MzXEfQ8bSOOzsM:&tbnh=142&tbnw=103&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dthomas%2Bedison%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLJ,GGLJ:2006-32,GGLJ:enhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/Ezra-exhibit/EC-life/Screen/E3856_0074.JPEG&imgrefurl=http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/Ezra-exhibit/EC-life/EC-life-5.html&h=393&w=600&sz=113&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=U90od2VoaO11LM:&tbnh=88&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtelegraph%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLJ,GGLJ:2006-32,GGLJ:enhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.polio.umich.edu/images/Salk.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.polio.umich.edu/history/salk.html&h=150&w=140&sz=48&hl=en&start=15&tbnid=x2DaXNh_RxCBUM:&tbnh=96&tbnw=90&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsalk%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLJ,GGLJ:2006-32,GGLJ:enhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bu.edu/webcentral/learning/fireworks2/graphics/thomas_edison.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.bu.edu/webcentral/learning/fireworks2/preparation.html&h=759&w=550&sz=144&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=MzXEfQ8bSOOzsM:&tbnh=142&tbnw=103&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dthomas%2Bedison%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLJ,GGLJ:2006-32,GGLJ:en

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