TAKS Vocab Review 1-Sided

8/7/2019 TAKS Vocab Review 1-Sided

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/taks-vocab-review-1-sided 1/33

Political Issues

Issues related togovernment, conflict

resolution and decision-making for a group of

people.

Economic Issues

Issues related to money,taxes, and production of

goods and services.



Social Issues

Issues related to culture,work, lifestyle…

Domestic

Having to do with one’sown homeland (U.S)



International

Involving other countries

Era

A historic periodidentified by someprominent figure or

characteristic





Grievances

complaints

Consent of theGoverned Idea that people give

government its powerthrough the “…just

consent of thegoverned” as stated in

the Declaration



(Naval) Blockade

To cut off supplies; a

military and economictool used to force anation or area to suffer

shortages and to give upfighting; called navalwhen ships are used

Great Britain(England) The “mother country” for

the 13 colonies; countrywe fought against for the

independence of the

United States.



Republic

A government thatelects its leaders

RepresentativeDemocracy

Government that votes

for representatives whoserve in the governmentto make and enforce lawand in the best interestof the people; the U.S.has a representative

democracy; anotherterm used forrepresentative

democracy is republic.



Culture (groups)

Way of life and thegroup(s) that live and

represent that way of life

Demographic dataStatistics about the

numbers andcharacteristics of people

living in an area



Levels of

Development Refers to the amountand quality of economicand industrial resources,often related to national

income.

Standard of Living Use indicators such asincome, education, birthrate/death rate, $ spent

on food, populationdensity, and so on to

determine quality of life.



NationCountry with bordersand an organized

government which freelyexercises authoritywithin the borders.

DistributionRelates to trade andhow resources and

products are divided andallocated.



Command economicsystem

Central governmental

owns most of the meansof production in a

country and controlsmost economic

decisions.

Free enterpriseSystem

The system in the U.S.and other free marketeconomies. It includes

economic choice,competition, profitmotive, and limited

government regulationof the economy.



Basic needs

Food, clothing, shelter(water is food).

Goods and servicesGoods (things) areproducts made for

sale/barter and services(actions) are products

people provide.

http://www.consciouschoice.com/2005/cc1805/img/livinggreen1805.jpg

http://www.consciouschoice.com/2005/cc1805/img/livinggreen1805.jpg



Subsistenceagriculture

Growing crops just tosupport a family and nothave any extra (surplus)

for sale.

Market – orientedagriculture

Growing crops forcommercial sale and

distribution to domestic

and international buyers.



CapitalGoods used to produce

other goods

Cottage industries Small-scale productionrequiring little capital



Commercial industries

Large-scale productionof goods by large

companies or

corporations

Industrialization

The process of creatingcommercial industry

including heavy industry

such as steel



Trade

Exchange of goods andservices

Technologicalinnovations

The introduction of newtechnology which oftenchanges lifestyle and

production.



Tariff/Duty

Tax on imports andexports; in the U.S.

export tariffs areunconstitutional.

Import

Goods bought fromsellers in other

countries.



Protective Tariff

A high tariff establishedto protect a particular

industry.

Export

Goods sold to buyersoutside the country



Xenophobia

a growing fear in theU.S. of “foreigners” ledto the rise of such

organizations as theKKK.

FederalismThe distribution of power

between the federal(central or national)government and the

individual states within aunion



LimitedGovernment

In this type of governmenteveryone, including all

authority figures, mustobey laws. Constitutions,

statements of rights, orother laws define the limitsof those in power so theycannot take advantage of

the elected, appointed, orinherited positions.

Checks and BalancesA system that allows eachbranch of government tolimit the powers of the

other branches in order to

prevent abuse of power



Individual Rights

These are protected by theBill of Rights and include

economic rights related toproperty, political rightsrelated to freedom of

speech and press, andpersonal rights related to

bearing arms and

maintaining privateresidences.

Landmark caseKey decisions by the

courts that interpret thelaw such as Brown v

Board of Education whichled to integration or

Marbury v Madison whichled to judicial review.



Popular SovereigntyThe concept that political

power rests with thepeople who can create,

alter, and abolishgovernment. Peopleexpress themselves

through voting and freeparticipation in

government.

Protective Tariff

A tax on an importedproduct instituted to

protect local industries



RepresentativeGovernment Power is held by thepeople and exercisedthrough the efforts of

representatives elected bythe people.

Republicanism

John Locke

A philosophy of limitedgovernment with elected

representatives serving atthe will of the people.

Government is based onconsent of the governed.



Separation ofPowers The division of a central

government into two ormore branches, each

having its ownresponsibilities and

authorities.

Unalienable RightsThese rights are

fundamental or naturalrights guaranteed to

people naturally instead ofby the law. They include

life, liberty, and the pursuitof happiness.



Free Enterprise

System

An economic system inwhich individuals dependon supply and demand

and the profit margin todetermine what to

produce, how to producehow much to produce, andfor whom to produce. The

quest for improvement

financially and materiallymotivates consumers andproducers.

1787

Between May 25 andSeptember 17 of this year,

delegates gathered inPhiladelphia to revise theArticles of Confederation.

Instead they drafted,

debated, compromised,and finally approved for

ratification the Constitutionof the United States.



Issues Causing theRevolution

“No taxation withoutrepresentation”; colonialprotests against British

policies and taxes; Battlesat Lexington/Concord.

1861-1865The American Civil Warwas fought during theseyears. It began with thefiring on Fort Sumter and

ended with the

Confederate surrender atAppomattox Court Housealmost four years later.



Articles of

Confederation

This document, thenation’s first constitution,

was adopted by theSecond Continental

Congress in 1781 duringthe Revolution. The

document was limitedbecause states held most

of the power to tax,

regulate trade, or controlcoinage.

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendmentsto the Constitution(ratified in 1791)



Declaration ofIndependence

This document wasadopted the Second

Continental Congress onJuly 4, 1776. It

established the 13colonies as independentstates, free from rule byGreat Britain. Thomas

Jefferson wrote themajority of this document.

English Bill ofRights

King William and QueenMary accepted this

document in 1689. Itguaranteed certain rights toEnglish citizens and

declared that elections forParliament would happenfrequently. By accepting

this document, theysupported a limited

monarchy, a system inwhich they shared their

power with Parliament andthe people.



Federalist

those favoring ratificationof the Constitution and the

federalists form ofgovernment

Anti- Federaliststhose opposed to the

Constitution because theyfeared the power of the

national government in the

new federal system



Founding Fathers

This term applies to thoseindividuals who played a

major role in declaringU.S. independence,

fighting Revolutionary War,or writing and adopting the

U.S. Constitution. Theyinclude Thomas Jefferson,

George Washington, andJames Madison.

States Rights

Based on a broad interpretation ofthe 10th Amendment, States’ Rights

was the idea that states had the rightto control all issues/laws in their statenot specifically given to the federal

government by the specific words ofthe Constitution. It was used by

(mostly) Southern states to arguethat they had the right to nullify

(ignore) federal laws they did notagree with.

States’ rights became a leadingcause of the Civil War as Southernstates seceded (withdrew) from the

United States and formed theConfederate States of America in

1861.



16th AmendmentCreates the Federal

Income Tax provisions.This was an amendmentstrongly supported by the Progressive Reformers.

17th

AmendmentProvides for direct election

of Senators, anotheramendment supported by

the Progressives.

http://sacto.com/taxes/html/copyright.htm

http://sacto.com/taxes/html/copyright.htm



Magna CartaThis document, signed by

King John of England in1215, is the cornerstone ofEnglish justice and law. It

declared that the king andgovernment were bound by

the same laws as othercitizens of England. It

contained the antecedents ofthe ideas of due process andthe right to a fair and speedytrial that are included in the

protection offered by the U.S.Bill of Rights.

15th

Amendment

This amendment grantedblack men the right to vote.



13th

Amendment

This amendment freed allslaves without

compensation to theslaveowners. It legallyforbade slavery in the

United States.

14th AmendmentThis amendment declared

that all persons born ornaturalized in the United

States were entitled equalrights regardless of their

race, and that their rightswere protected at both thestate and national levels.

Date post:	08-Apr-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	jillthethrill
View:	221 times
Download:	0 times

TAKS Vocab Review 1-Sided

Documents