Green Chemical ProcessGreen Chemical Process

10-19-0910-19-09

Draft PresentationDraft Presentation

OUTLINE• Primary Categories

• Sub-categories

• Techniques (Measurement/Calculation)

• Definitions

• References

• Draft standard language

• Recommendations

• Issues

Primary Categories Primary Categories

–Materials and Waste Prevention

–Energy

–Water

–Safety

»Social Responsibility

»Inventory Storage

»Innovation

Materials and Waste Prevention

– Process Mass Intensity: PMI defined as the ratio of (Mass of raw materials input) to

– (Mass of desired outputs)– Product: desired output from a chemical process– Co-product: valued output from a chemical process that is recovered

for sale or use– Byproduct: outputs from a chemical process that transforms raw

materials to another chemical (s) that are considered waste with no value.

– Raw Material: chemical products used in a chemical process for the purpose of creating a product. Includes natural raw materials, water and manufactured chemicals. Raw materials may or may not be incorporated into the final product. Some raw materials are chemically transformed to produce another chemical(s) as products, co-products or byproducts.

– Intermediates: chemical transformation products that are intended to be further reacted to form product and co-product output. Incomplete conversion of intermediates result in byproducts.

Definitions

Definitions– Ancillary Material: chemicals used during the process to create a

chemical products, including process equipment cleaning and maintenance, and to treat waste output from the chemical process. These materials are not intentionally incorporated into or transformed to make products and co-products. Ancillary materials are either recycled and reused in the process or become waste. Ancillary materials does not include general facility maintenance and worker support materials, but are focused on the chemical process and handling of inputs and outputs of a single chemical process.

– Reactant: raw material input to chemical process that are intended to be chemically transformed to product. Does not include ancillary materials or raw materials intended to be formulated with the product (e.g., water or other solvent).

– Waste: outputs from a chemical process that are not considered product or co-product and are not reused. Wastes are disposed or released to the environment. Waste can be composed of unrecovered product, co-product, raw materials, intermediates, ancillary materials or byproducts. Waste includes production of greenhouse gases and ash as a result of burning/incineration and other byproducts of treatment.

Draft Language• 6.5 Materials Efficiency• Calculate Process Mass Intensity by the following formula:• PMI = (An+ Sn)/(P + Q) • An = mass of raw materials input to the process less any amount

recovered and recycled as an integral part of the process • Sn = mass of ancillary materials less any amount recovered and

recycled as an integral part of the process• P = mass of recovered product, • Q = mass of recovered co-product• 6.5.1 Atom Economy• Calculate the ratio of Molecular Weight Product/ Molecular Weight

Reactants• This value shows the chemical yield efficiency of the chemical

reaction process.

6.6 Inputs6.6.1 Total Mass of Material UseReport the total mass of raw material

∑ An per unit product + co-productReport total mass of ancillary material

∑ Sn per unit product + co-product

6.6.2 Characterize Input Materials UsedList each material and describe by terms below [terms

defined by other groups, have water described as fresh or not under renewability]

Material Hazard Recycled Content Renewability and Embedded Energy

A -1, 2, 3 etcS- 1,2 3 etc

Innovation – Materials and Waste Prevention

6.9 Innovation for Materials Efficiency

Provide narratives of efforts to improve yield, reduce hazard of raw materials and byproducts, use catalysts, treat wastes, etc.

• 6.x Output: Product• 6.8 Output: Waste• 6.8.1 Waste E- Factor• Calculate ration of waste to product and co-product• E Factor = (An+Sn + byproducts) - (P + Q) / (P +Q)• An = mass of raw materials input to the process less any amount recovered and

recycled as an integral part of the process • Sn = mass of ancillary materials less any amount recovered and recycled as an

integral part of the process• P = mass of recovered product • Q = mass of recovered co-product• 6.8.2 Waste Stream Characterization• List each waste produced and describe • 1) hazard [as defined by chem. Characteristics group] or by RCRA hazard

classification [some are going to be complex mixes, composition unknown]and • 2) kg waste/ kg (product + co-product) by route of release to environment after waste

is treated:{Headings} Waste Hazard RCRA air water landfill• Wn*• *W will include byproducts of waste treatment, such as greenhouse gas, ash if

incinerated, and biodegradation products

Recommendations/Issues

• NOTE: DUPLICATION OF WATER ISSUES. WE COULD EITHER REMOVE WATER FROM THE ABOVE CONSIDERATIONS OR INCORPORATE WATER METRICS WITHIN THIS SET.

Energy

Definitions

• Energy - sum with embedded raw material energy if known, energy used to make product + transport of product to customer

• Definitions for each “End Point” provided in the standard– Note: GCC “End Points” for Material

Chemicals May Also Be Used for Waste/Pollution/GHG Chemicals And/Or Regulatory Definitions (Air Pollution; CAA; Criteria Pollutants, GHG & HAPS)

Sub-categories

• Amount Embodied Energy and Resulting Amount Embodied Materials

• Water

• Solid-Waste

• Wastewater

• Air-Pollution

• Green house gases (GHGs)

Techniques

We recommend asking for exact metrics on each of these sub categories to determine how much a manufacturer is currently using. Additionally, we recommend asking if they are reducing these metrics overtime and providing metrics on the amount reduced over a determined length of time

• Other possible categories:– Transportation - We recommend asking for exact metrics for this

question. **Are there subcategories for transportation that people recommend including?

– Regulations GCC - We recommend asking a yes/no if manufacturers are meeting regulations. Then, ask if they are doing to go above and beyond regulation? And how? (yes/no) ** Have other process groups created a similar question? If so, what language have you used and what metrics are you considering in order to make this a comparative question?

– Green Renewable Sustainable Energy and/or purchasing credits - We recommend listing a number of renewable energy options for retailers to check if they use. The final yes/no question in this section will ask if they use more than X% renewable energy.**Is there a benchmark percentage we should consider using? If so, what background information can we provide to justify this recommendation?

Measurement/Calculations

• BTU/unit product

• Process Input (materials/energy/water)  =  Output (Chemical Product +  (Net Solid Waste / Liquid Waste / Air Pollution / Green House Gases))

Water

Goal: To measure the conservation of water resources and protection of water quality.

Sub-categories

– Freshwater Inventory – Other Water Inventory– Water Usage– Impact adjusted water usage – Water Quality and Water Reuse

Definitions • Chemical process: includes the facility operations and equipment (ex: cooling water)• Other water: Brackish water, saline water, and Brine water• Freshwater: 0.5 parts per thousand of dissolved salts (http://

www.groundwater.org/gi/gwglossary.html#F) • Impact adjusted water:  volume of water which has been evaluated relative to local

stressors using a tool such as the World Business Council for Sustainable Development's Global Water Tool (http://www.wbcsd.org/templates/TemplateWBCSD5/layout.asp?type=p&MenuId=MTUxNQ&doOpen=1&ClickMenu=LeftMenu)  This assesses your company’s water use with validated water and sanitation availability information – on a country and watershed basis.

• Tertiary wastewater treatment: EPA def• Drinking water quality: EPA def• Water use:  the quantity of freshwater evaporated for cooling purposes, evaporated

from water storage facilities, lost via transmission, used directly in the organizations products, onsite uses including irrigation and road maintenance

• Water withdrawal and collection: the sum of all freshwater drawn or collected into the boundaries of the reporting organization from the following sources for any use over the reporting period including surface water, ground water, municipal water (including water purchased from other industries), rainwater/ precipitation

Criteria

• 6.4.1 Freshwater Inventory - sum of freshwater withdrawal and collection minus the sum of all discharges measured in gallons.

• 6.4.2 Other Water Inventory - sum of freshwater withdrawal and collection minus the sum of all discharges measured in gallons.

Criteria cont.

• 6.4.3 Water Usage – gallons per processes

• 6.4.4 Impact adjusted water usage - World Business Council for Sustainable Development's Global Water Tool (insert web link as footnote) or equivalent.

• 6.4.5 Water Quality – Tertiary wastewater or drinking water requirements

• 6.4.6 Water Reuse – GRI or equivalent

Safety

Sub-Categories– Environmental Management Systems –if there is a relevant

safety component– Quality Management Systems–if there is a relevant safety

component– Company and Facility Safety Record

• Number of process safety incidents• OSHA recordable and lost workday incidence rates- employees and

contractors• Fatalities for employees and contractors• Number of DOT reportable distribution incidents

– Training/education• Safety Committees• Training• Safety policies

– Continuous improvement

Existing Safety Programs• ACC Responsible Care: http://www.responsiblecare.org • AIChE’s Center for Chemical Process Safety

http://www.aiche.org/CCPS/index.aspx• SOCMA Chemstewards

http://www.socma.com/ChemStewards/• Global Reporting Network: www.globalreporting.org • NSF 140 • OSHA Process Safety Management

– 29 CFR 1910.119. (www.osha.gov). • Clean Air Act’s 112(r) General Duty Clause and Risk Management

Plans : http://www.epa.gov/oecaerth/monitoring/programs/caa/112r.html

• ASTM Process Hazard Evaluation• Reference: Insurance Checklist requirements- These may include

storage requirements.

Definitions• Environmental Management System (EMS): a tool used by a company to identify

and control the environmental impact of its activities, products or services, and to improve its environmental performance continually, and to implement a systematic approach to setting environmental objectives and targets, to achieving these and to demonstrating that they have been achieved. Example: International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14001: 2004, Environmental management systems –Requirements with guidance for use. (www.iso.org ).

• Quality Management Standard: a set of policies, processes and procedures required for planning and execution (production / development / service) in the core business area of an organization. Example: International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001: 2000, Quality management systems –Requirements (www.iso.org)

• Process safety incidences (PSI): an incident is reported as a process safety incident if it meets all four of the following criteria: 1) Chemical or chemical process involvement 2) Above minimum reporting threshold 3) Location; and 4) Acute release. Note: ACC to adopt Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) version of process safety reporting. Mandatory reporting to the ACC using the CCPS version will begin in 2010. (ACC Responsible Care)

• Recordable Injury Rate: Defined by OSHA as the number of recordable incidents for each 100 full-time employees per year, based on 2,000 hours worked per employee per year.(ACC responsible care)

Definitions• Days Away from Work Incident Rate: Defined by OSHA as the number

lost workday incidents for each 100 full-time employees per year, based on 2,000 hours worked per employee per year.(ACC responsible care)

• Fatalities: Number of fatalities included on OSHA 300 log for employees and for contractors that occurred on the facility premises. (ACC responsible care)

• Distribution Incidents: Those that meet the criteria of DOT regulatory requirements and fall under the members’ ACC dues base. Form 5800 incidents are attributable to the ACC member if the member is listed as either the shipper or carrier on the DOT 5800 Form. (acc responsible care)

• Safety committee: a formal joint management-worker health and safety committees that helps monitor and advise on occupational health and safety programs (Global reporting network)

• Continuous improvement: Benchmark safety endpoints against past years to show marked improvements. (Global Reporting Network)

RecommendationsCompany and Facility Safety Record Your company tracks the number of process safety incidents as defined by

CCPS or equivalent Your company tracks OSHA recordable and lost workday incidence rates-

employees and contractors Your company tracks fatalities for employees and contractors Your company tracks number of DOT reportable distribution incidentsTraining/Education Your company has safety committees Your company maintains safety policies Your company meets and goes beyond OSHA workplace safety training

requirements Your company meets and goes beyond DOT transit safety training

requirementsContinuous improvement Your company maintains safety records in the categories listed above and

sets goals for continuous improvement.

RecommendationCheck list of safety subcategories.EMS your company has a formal environmental policy and EMS and publicly

declaring its environmental targets, objectives, and metrics pursuant to ISO 14001. Public declaration shall be via the company’s web site or the company’s publicly available annual report.”

Your company has documentation that verifies current external, third party certification of its EMS meeting the requirements of ISO 14001 and/or for membership in USEPA’s National Environmental Performance Track.

QMS Your company has documented that it has an effective and active Quality

Management System (QMS) Your company can provide documentation that verifies current external,

third-party certification of its QMS meeting the requirements of ISO 9001. The company’s ISO 9001 certificate shall be provided as evidence of a third-party certification of its QMS.

Social Responsibility

Recommendations

• a limited number of social responsibility considerations be included in the standard

• Review the ISO 26000 Draft Standard Social Responsibility (informational)

• Worker Safety would be included under the Safety Group

Recommended for credit under innovation or this section:Checklist yes/no:• Description of policies and procedures to evaluate and address

human rights performance within the company for the following:– Freedom of association/collective bargaining– Prohibition of Forced Labor– Prohibition of Child labor– Discrimination – Discipline/harassment– Working hours– Compensation

Additional consideration could be given for innovation or this section on additional, more comprehensive reporting:

• Company publishes a comprehensive, public social responsibility report that follows reporting practices in the Global Reporting Initiative G3 Social Responsibility section, the SA8000 Social Accountability standard or other internationally recognized guidelines.

Innovation