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AELS STUDY GUIDE FOR FINAL AND EXTRAORDINARY EXAMS 2012-2013 1

AELS STUDY GUIDE

FOR FINAL AND EXTRAORDINARY EXAMS

2012-2013 This guide does notnotnotnot contain everything you need to study for the final exam; it is conceived and elaborated to walk you through the topics and type of questions that can be included in the final exam; hence, it is indispensable that you read your notes, exercises, and period exams in order to have a complete view of the topics that can be included in the exam, which will not have the questions classified by topics as this guide does. IN OTHER WORDS: THIS GUIDE CONTAINS ONLY SAMPLES OF THE TYPE OF EXERCISES

AND CONTENT THAT CAN BE PRESENT IN THE FINAL EXAM. THIS MEANS THAT NOT EVERY

SINGLE THING SEEN DURING THE YEAR IS INCLUDED HERE. You still need to study from your notes, papers and exams. Capitalisation Instructions: Circle the appropriate answer.

1. Proper nouns are always capitalised.

True False

2. The days of the week are capitalised. True False

3. You don´t capitalise the months of the year. True False

4. Select the sentence correctly capitalised.

My aunt Mary, my mom and I went to the African art exhibit. My Aunt Mary, my mom and I went to the African art exhibit. My aunt Mary, my mom and I went to the African art exhibit.

My aunt Mary, my Mom and I went to the african art exhibit. My aunt Mary, my mom and I went to the African Art Exhibit.

5. Which of the following words should NOT be capitalised?

Flake

Major President Washington Mexico

6. Select the sentence that is NOT capitalised ly.

Mom and Dad are the best. Mom's birthday is the 30 of May. Yesterday, my aunt Jane made delicious pancakes. My Aunt Bessie will come on Monday.


Descriptions Instructions: tick the correct answer

1. For descriptions we have to use:

adjectives and adverbs ` adjectives and nouns verbs and adjectives

adjectives and verbs

2. Adjectives and adverbs are also known as Modifiers Modificants Modernisers

3. Modifiers are single words ONLY False True

4. Descriptions can be___.

object and subject objective and subjective direct or indirect

5. The technique for observing art is called__. directed watching direct looking directed looking directed seeing

6. The technique is___. intuitive and systematic analytical and systematic

systematic and synthetic synthetic and intuitive

7. There are ___ categories for art observation. three four five six

8. Subject matter includes___ elements.

abstract and evident representational and evident representational and abstract abstract and non-distinguishable

9. The formal properties are

proportions, dimensions, shape and line.

colour, size, shape and texture. colour, line, shape and composition. composition, texture, shape and dimensions.

10. The illusionary elements include

3-D and distance. 2-D and focus. Focus and size

11. Physical properties are:

colour, line, composition and medium.

medium, application, texture and shapes.


size, proportions, texture, medium and application of it.

12. Composition is ___. The combination of sounds and silences. The combination of shape, colour and line. The combination of elements in a structure.

13. Viewer's perspective in directed looking is ___. the opinion of the author the opinion of the viewer

where the author places us where the painting is hung

14. In abstract art, the subject matter is ___ to determine than in representational art. easier harder impossible

15. When describing an image, we can divide it into ___ squares to better locate and describe its

content.

six seven eight nine

16. To create the illusion of 3-D, artists use:

shades and highlighting rounder objects lights and position

17. To create the illusion of distance, the artists use:

shapes and sizes. clarity and colour. relative size and blurriness.

18. The lines in a work of art can be ___.

relative and absolute implied and explicit bright or dark

19. The categories in an art work ___

are always separated so we can study them. are ovelapped in real life. are mutually exclusive. are always uncertain.

Numbers Instructions: TRANSFORM WORDS INTO NUMBERS.

20. One million

21. Three quarters

22. Nine and three quarters

23. One billion two millions three thousand four

24. Four millions three hundred thousand one hundred twenty two


25. Seventy thousand three point one seven four

26. Seventy three thousand point one seven four

27. Twenty six billions one hundred and three millions two thousand and two

28. Eighty eight

29. One thousandth

30. (The year) Nineteen seventy one

31. Ten thousand three

32. One million one hundred one thousand one hundred one

33. One billion one hundred eleven millions one hundred eleven thousands one hundred eleven

34. Three and a half

35. Four hundred and fifty four grams

36. Nine thousand ninety

37. Eleven hundred

38. Twenty three hundred

39. Five billions five hundred and five millions five hundred five thousands five hundred five

40. Twenty eight billions

41. Three hundred twenty six and three fifths

Parts of Speech

Instructions: Identify the part of Speech of the word substituted by X's, and write it next to the sentence.

1. -Xxxxx weekend I bought a rug.

2. The Xxxxx did not have a good game.

3. Will you xxxxx playing in the jazz ensemble?

4. Please put your pencils xxxxx.

5. Xxxxx are going on a field trip next week!

6. That is a beautiful xxxxx bracelet.

7. Will you xxxxx he eat the last brownie?

8. My mom lives xxxxx the Cape.


9. Xxxxx you like Halloween?

10. I bought xxxxx orange pumpkins this weekend.

Instructions: Write the part of speech of the capitalised word or words.

1. OUR school is the best in the nation.

2. FIND that lost book or die!

3. I like you, BUT I don't love you.

4. Jonathan has NEVER lied to his parents.

5. Do you like HIPPIE clothes from the '70s?

6. You sing VERY well for a ninth-grader!

7. OUTSIDE the door, we found a little bunny.

8. Do you live in a small or a LARGE city?

9. HOW do you spell your last name?

10. OH, I'm not sure if I'll go or not.

Phrases A phrase is a group of related words that does not include a subject and verb. (If the group of

related words does contain a subject and verb, it is considered a clause.) There are several different kinds of phrases.

NOUN PHRASE

A noun phrase comprises a noun (obviously) and any associated modifiers: • The long and winding road • A noun phrase

• any associated modifiers PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE A prepositional phrase consists of a preposition, a noun or pronoun that serves as the object of the preposition, and, more often than not, an adjective or two that modifies the object. Ernest Hemingway apparently fell in love with the rhythms of his prepositional phrases at the

beginning of his short story "Hills Like White Elephants":

The hills across the valley of the Ebro were long and white. On this side there

was no shade and no trees and the station was between two lines of rails in

the sun. Close against the side of the station there was the warm shadow of

the building and a curtain, made of strings of bamboo beads, hung across

the open door into the bar, to keep out flies. The American and the girl with

him sat at a table in the shade, outside the building. It was very hot and the

express from Barcelona would come in forty minutes. It stopped at this

junction for two minutes and went on to Madrid.


Prepositional phrases usually tell when or where: "in forty minutes," "in the sun, against the side, etc." Prepositional phrases can perform other functions, however: Except Jo, the children

were remarkably like their father. A prepositional phrase at the beginning of a sentence constitutes an introductory modifier, which is usually a signal for a comma. However, unless an introductory prepositional phrase is unusually long, we seldom need to follow it with a comma.

Instructions: Write ten sentences containing different prepositional phrases.

Clauses Definition

A clause is a group of related words containing a subject and a verb. A clause can be usefully

distinguished from a phrase, which is a group of related words that does not contain a subject-verb

relationship, such as "in the morning" or "running down the street" or "having grown used to this harassment."

Words We Use to Talk about Clauses

Clauses can be categorised into independent and dependent clauses. This simply means that some

clauses can stand by themselves, as separate sentences, and some can't.

Independent Clauses could stand by themselves as discrete sentences, except that when they do stand

by themselves, separated from other clauses, they're normally referred to simply as sentences, not clauses.


The ability to recognize a clause and to know when a clause is capable of acting as an independent unit is

essential to correct writing and is especially helpful in avoiding sentence fragments and run-on sentences.

Another term for dependent clause is subordinate clause: this means that the clause is subordinate to

another element (the independent clause) and depends on that other element for its meaning. The

subordinate clause is created by a subordinating conjunction or dependent word.

An independent clause, "She is older than her brother" (which could be its own sentence), can be

turned into a dependent or subordinate clause when the same group of words begins with a dependent word

(or a subordinating conjunction in this case): "Because she is older than her brother, she tells him what to do."

Also, as the clause cannot stand by itself, it is considered a fragment.

Instructions: Decide whether each of the following is a fragment or a complete sentence and write an F

or an S next to the group of words. End punctuation marks have been omitted on purpose.

1. I went to school 2. If I had thought of that before you did 3. Just when I thought I was over you

4. She would like to come tomorrow in the morning after breakfast 5. Today, as I was crossing the lake 6. Tomorrow will be a good day 7. After lunch and before six o’clock 8. No one can say that for sure 9. Go away

10. Robin’s friends are more than fond of him

Run-ons & comma splices A RUN-ON SENTENCE (sometimes called a "fused sentence") has at least two parts, either one of which

can stand by itself (in other words, two independent clauses), but the two parts have been smooshed together

instead of being properly connected. It is important to realize that the length of a sentence really has nothing

to do with whether a sentence is a run-on or not; being a run-on is a structural flaw that can plague even a very

short sentence: The sun is high, put on some sunblock.

When two independent clauses are connected by only a comma, they constitute a run-on sentence that is

called a comma-splice. The example just above (about the sunscreen) is a comma-splice. When you use a

comma to connect two independent clauses, it must be accompanied by a little conjunction (and, but, for, nor,

yet, or, so).

Run-on sentences happen typically under the following circumstances*:

a. When an independent clause gives an order or directive based on what was said in the prior

independent clause: This next chapter has a lot of difficult information in it, you should start studying

right away.

(We could put a period where that comma is and start a new sentence. A semicolon might also work

there.)

b. When two independent clauses are connected by a transitional expression (conjunctive

adverb) such as however, moreover, nevertheless. Mr. Nguyen has sent his four children to ivy-league

colleges, however, he has sacrificed his health working day and night in that dusty bakery.

(Again, where that first comma appears, we could have used either a period — and started a new

sentence — or a semicolon.)

c. When the second of two independent clauses contains a pronoun that connects it to the first

independent clause. This computer doesn't make sense to me, it came without a manual.

(Although these two clauses are quite brief, and the ideas are closely related, this is a run-on sentence.

We need a period where that comma now stands.)

Most of those computers in the Learning Assistance Center are broken already, this proves my point about

American computer manufacturers.


Again, two nicely related clauses, incorrectly connected — a run-on (comma splice). Use a period to cure

this sentence. http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/runons.htm

Instructions: Decide whether each of the sentences is a run-on or a comma splice, and write RO or CS next to each sentence. Then correct them by adding or deleting punctuation or words.

1. Two letters arrived on Monday and a third one came on Wednesday.

2. An encyclopaedia is a valuable source of information it contains summaries of every area of

knowledge.

3. Because of the rapid expansion of human knowledge, it is difficult to keep encyclopaedias current.

4. A printed encyclopaedia becomes out of date almost as soon as it is published also it is quite expensive to purchase.

5. Online encyclopaedias are available to everyone with access to the internet.

6. Articles in encyclopaedias are written by experts in each subject, who are often university professors.

Sentences A sentence is a group of words containing a subject and predicate. Sometimes, the subject is "understood," as in a command: "[You] go next door and get a cup of sugar." That probably means that the shortest possible complete sentence is something like "Go!" A sentence ought to express a thought that can stand by itself

Sentences by function

Sentences can be defined according to function: declarative (most of the sentences we use), interrogative (which ask a question — "What's your name?"), exclamatory ("There's a fire in the kitchen!"), and imperative ("Don't drink that!")

Instructions: In the space next to the question number, write a T if it is a declarative sentence, A if it is

an interrogative sentence, C if it is an imperative sentence, and R if it is an exclamatory sentence. If your answers are correct, the letters will spell out a three-word response to the question “What will a

mouse do?” End punctuations have been purposely omitted.

1. _____ Will Jonah go to the movies with us

2. _____ The show is about to begin

3. _____ Most of the actors in that movie are famous people

4. _____ I am absolutely appalled by that behaviour

5. _____ Am I the only one in the group who knows where you live

6. _____ Call me if you think you will be able to go with us

7. _____ Rico an Marilyn will go in your car

8. _____ Aren’t they driving you there, Mitch

9. _____ Please check to see what time the movie ends

10. _____ Did you not ask them to go with us

11. _____ This is going to be a fun night

What will a mouse do? _______________________________________________________________________


Now write three example sentences for each of these four types of sentences.

Sentences by how they are formed.

We can categorize sentences into four main types, depending on the number and type of clauses they contain: Simple (one independent clause): We drove from Connecticut to Tennessee in one day. Compound (more than one independent clause): We were exhausted, but we arrived in time for my

father's birthday party.

Complex (one independent clause and at least one dependent clause): Although he is now 79 years

old, he still claims to be 65. Compound-complex (more than one independent clause and at least one dependent clause): After

it was all over, my dad claimed he knew we were planning something, but we think he was really

surprised.

Instructions: Join the following sentences into the type in parenthesis. Add or delete words and

punctuation marks as needed.

1. My mother is a woman. My mother is very intelligent. She studied very hard. (Join the sentences

into ONE complex-compound)

______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. I went to the movies to see a movie. The movie was boring. (join the sentences into a

compound one)

______________________________________________________________________________________

3. His presentation was soporific. I could not hurt his feelings by telling him so. (Join the sentences

into a compound one)

_________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Our speaker offered words to senior students. They are finishing high school. (Join the sentences

into a complex one)

_________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Mr Bergen’s class is interesting. Ms Jones class is not interesting. (Join the sentences ito a

compound one)

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Instructions: Write three examples of each of the four types of sentences.

Finally, sentences can also be categorised according to their role in a paragraph:

Topic Sentence

A topic sentence is a sentence whose main idea or claim controls the rest of the paragraph;

the body of a paragraph explains, develops or supports with evidence the topic sentence's main idea or claim. The topic sentence is usually the first sentence of a paragraph, but not necessarily. It may come, for example, after a transition sentence; it may even come at the end of a paragraph.


Instructions: Select the topic sentence in each set below, and mark it in any fashion (underline, circle,

highlight, cross out) 1. I had to take a cold shower.

The hot water did not work well. First, my alarm clock did not go off. Today was not the best day of my life. I had to have cold milk for breakfast.

My bus left me. I had a test at school, and failed. Would you say this was one of the best days?

2. By bus you cannot stop and see all the churches or monuments. Traffic is really heavy, and there are very few parking spaces, so it is difficult to go by car.

Mexico City downtown can be enjoyed better when walking. When you walk, you can stop to look at anything for as long as you please. When walking, you can discover places that no tourist-guide tells you about.

3. First, you need to prepare the fruit with sugar and spices. To prepare the crust it is important that the water is cold.

Baking at the right temperature will result in a crispy crust and firm apples. Usually, apple pie is best if you eat it with ice-cream. Preparing a great apple pie is easily done in few steps.

Supporting Sentences

The second part of a paragraph is the body of the paragraph, the supporting sentences. The

sentences in the body of the paragraph provide details to support the topic. Instructions: In the following, the topic sentence is the first sentence. Tick the sentence that does not support the topic sentence.

1. Being a supermodel may not be as easy as it seems. Travelling constantly is a must, but one does not really get to know the places. All the clothes one wears in the shows are borrowed. One has to be in a constant diet.

One gets a lot of money in a short time. The lights, makeup, and long hours are terrible for one's skin.

2. Mosquitoes are interesting insects. Their buzzing can be really annoying. They live for a little time.

It is known that only the female bites. The blood they suck is necessary for their reproduction. They undergo metamorphosis.

3. Human activities increase air pollution. Every time we plug in an electrical device, it generates CO2.

Volcanic eruptions expel a lot of contaminants to the atmosphere. All the industries produce wastes that can be in gaseous form. Traffic in cities increases the greenhouse gases. Bad quality gasolines are responsible for most of the sulphur and lead in the air we breathe.

4. People's health would be better if they used their cars less.

Walking is an excellent exercise for the heart. Air pollution would decrease, so would respiratory diseases. People would buy shoes more frequently. Traffic would be less, so stress would be reduced.


The Clincher or Concluding Sentence

The last sentence in the paragraph is the concluding sentence which summarizes the paragraph.

Instructions: Tick the sentence that would best conclude the paragraph because it relates to the topic sentence.

1. Smileys: , , or have improved communication through instant messages because

of what they represent.

As a conclusion, smileys are really cute.

Concluding, we can see that smileys represent feelings and attitudes which make others

understand us better.

To conclude, I think smileys are a waste of time.

In conclusion, face to face communication is better.

2. Stress is really bad for your health, so it should be avoided.

In conclusion, doctors cannot cure stress.

Finally, you can find ways to deal with stress.

After knowing all the dangers of stress, you can try to avoid it.

There are many ways to deal with stress.

3. Being in love can be great and terrible at the same time.

Because of all the daydreaming, walking on sunshine, and jealousy, one can forget one's

duties.

There is nothing greater than to be in love with someone that loves you back.

Daydreaming is the best thing that can ever happen to you if you are in love. Jealousy is the worst feeling ever, so try to be tolerant.

MASTICATION

1. Mastication is the same as chewing.

Highlight Answer Yes No Maybe

2. Chewing is a reflex that can be observed in

Highlight Answer people chewing gum dogs barking people laughing

3. A function of mastication can be

Highlight Answer breaking large pieces of food into smaller ones. softening of the food both the other answers

4. Effective mastication is indispensable for good health.


5. Only the teeth intervene in mastication.



6. Swallowing is also known as

Highlight Answer deglution deglutition deglutation

7. The result of chewing food and mixing it with saliva is the formation of what is called

Highlight Answer bolus mass bolo

8. All the swallowing process is involuntary.


9. The food boluses, by means of peristaltic contractions, get from the ___ to the oesophagus.

Highlight Answer pharynx larynx trachea

10. During swallowing, the epiglottis covers the ___ to prevent choking

Highlight Answer pharynx larynx oesophagus trachea

11. For the food to go through the oesophagus, and get to the stomach, there are peristaltic contractions that, in humans, normally take ___

Highlight Answer 4 to 5 seconds. 4 to 7 seconds. 5 to 6 seconds.

12. The clusters of cells that secrete saliva are the

Highlight Answer acini clusters acinoi

13. Saliva composition remains constant in the cells and the ducts.


14. There are ___ salivary glands that come in pairs.

Highlight Answer 3 5 6

15. Sublingual glands produce a serous, watery secretion.

Highlight Answer Yes No ` Maybe

16. Smelling or thinking of food can induce increased salivation.


17. Saliva acts as lubricant, binder, solvent and hygieniser.

Highlight Answer Yes No Not all


18. The main enzyme of saliva is the amylase, which can begin to digest:

Highlight Answer ` proteins starch fat

19. The recommended amount of chewing in this lesson is:

Highlight Answer Chew your food until it is small and dissolved enough. chew 18 times. chew 32 times

20. If chewing is incomplete, so that the food chunks are still big...

Highlight Answer nothing will happen digestion will be incomplete. you will choke for sure. A synonym for incomplete digestion is

Highlight Answer bacteria indigestion flatulence

21. Some effects of incomplete digestion are

Highlight Answer good extraction of nutrients and bacterial overgrowth poor extraction of nutrients and bacterial overgrowth flatulence and intestinal movements

22. The stage in which perception (smell, taste, sight) influences the digestive process is called

Highlight Answer perceptual stage digestive stage cephalic stage

23. Taste helps the gastrointestinal tract to "know" what it needs to secrete in order to best digest the type of food being eaten.

Highlight Answer Yes No The tract cannot know things

BALANCED DIET

24. In order to have a balanced diet, the food we eat must be

Highlight answer Varied- Abundant - Clean -

25. A balanced diet is required to meet

Highlight answer daily requirements - our choices - our taste -

26. What we need to get from a diet:

Highlight answer is the same for everyone - varies with individual needs - is only in meat -


27. The three major nutrients give us

Highlight answer energy - happiness - satisfaction -

28. The energy obtained by food is measured in

Highlight answer kilowatts - kilograms - kilocalories -

29. Proteins give

Highlight answer 7 kcal/g 9 kcal/g 4 kcal/g

30. Fats give

Highlight answer 4 kcal/g - 9 kcal/g - 7 kcal/g -

31. Besides giving energy, proteins

Highlight answer Make us happy - Build muscle - Build bones -

32. Roughage is also known as Highlight answer bran - dietary fibre - cereals -

33. Minerals associated with bone growth and repair

Highlight answer Calcium and phosphorus - Potassium and sodium - Calcium and sodium -

34. Minerals associated with heart function

Highlight answer Calcium and phosphorus - Calcium and sodium - Potassium and sodium -

35. The individual needs are determined by

Highlight answer Basal metabolic rate and activities - Activities and sleep hours - Activities and food -

36. The basal metabolic rate is

Highlight answer the energy we need to wake up in the morning - the energy we need to think - the energy we need just to keep us alive -

37. Proteins can be found in

Highlight answer meat, eggs and milk - meat, oils and lard


38. The general function of vitamins and minerals is Highlight answer to regulate metabolism - to help the body grow - to help in most body processes -

39. The usual daily caloric need is around

Highlight answer 2000 kcal/day - 2800 kcal/day - 2800 kcal/day -

40. A diet is

Highlight answer special food needed by diabetics - special food to increase or decrease body weight - the food we regularly eat -

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

1. Food moves through the digestive system from the mouth to the______________.

Highlight answer large intestines - rectum - anus - small intestines -

2. Mechanical digestion begins in the stomach.

Highlight answer true - false -

3. This speeds up a chemical reaction.

Highlight answer enzyme - peristalsis - absorption - osmosis -

4. In which section of the digestion system does peristalsis occur?

Highlight answer oesophagus - stomach - small intestine - mouth -

5. Gastric juice, mucus and enzymes are found in the ___________and they help liquefy the contents.

Highlight answer large intestines - oesophagus - stomach - small intestines -

6. During the digestive process, food travels through the liver, gall bladder and pancreas.


7. No actual digestion takes place in the stomach.



8. Villi are found in the small intestines so that ______________has more surface area in which to take place.

Highlight answer chemical reaction - absorption - digestion -

9. Large amounts of water are reabsorbed in the _______________ Highlight answer small intestines - large intestines - stomach -

10. Undigested food masses leave the body through the anus.


11. Saliva is a ____ of the salivary glands Highlight answer Secretion - Excretion - None of the answers -

12. The gall bladder stores

Highlight answer saliva - bile - insulin - amylase -

13. Insulin acts on

Highlight answer carbohydrates - fats - proteins - all of the nutrients -

FOOD POISONING

WRITE YES OR NO ACCORDING TO WHETHER THE STATEMENT IS CORRECT OR INCORRECT.

14. Food poisoning is not a disease.

15. Food poisoning can be caused by drinking water.

16. The chemical agents that cause food poisoning may be in the food accidentally.

17. There is no way that the cooking utensils can produce food poisoning.

18. Time is irrelevant in diagnosing food poisoning.

19. Each agent has a different course of action.

20. Microorganisms have only one way to cause food poisoning.

21. The only way to suffer from food poisoning is to eat rotten food.


22. Food poisoning means to add poison to the food.

23. Chemicals can sometimes be mistaken as food ingredients.

24. Allergens are usually sugars.

25. One of the typical symptoms of food poisoning is nausea.

26. Salmonella is the only microorganism responsible for food poisoning.

27. The best thing to do during a food poisoning is to sleep.

28. One way of avoiding food poisoning is washing fruits and vegetables.

29. One way in which food can be contaminated is by not washing your hands before preparing the meals.

30. One way to avoid food poisoning is not to cook meats well.

31. Poisonous plants include raw fish.

32. Some mushrooms can cause food poisoning.

33. Toxins are usually produced chemically.

34. A poison is a substance that harms tissues when in contact with them.

35. Toxic is a synonym for poisonous.

36. Food poisoning can be toxic or infectious in nature.

37. Rashes are usual symptoms of food poisoning.

38. Treatment for food poisoning may include antibiotics or antihistamines.


Descriptions

Dividing the image Instructions: Describe the following image using this technique. Remember to do it from left to right and

top to bottom.

Directed Looking. Instructions: Read the following transcript of the lecture on Directed Looking and build an outline with

the information contained in it.



AELS STUDY GUIDE 1213 21/41


How to take notes. Instructions: Read the lecture transcript below, and fill-in the questionnaire that follows.





PROCESSES.

Instructions: Build an outline for the above described process.


COMPARE AND CONTRAST Instructions: Compare and contrast the following two images, in no less than 200 words. Make sure there is an introduction and a conclusion.


Classifications. Instructions: read the following sets of words. First provide three different criteria (parameters) under

which to classify them. Second, establish the classes (categories.) Finally, classify the words under the

criterion of your choice.

Example: mouse, button, spiders, penknife, cow, house, elephants, mountains, diamond, body, flock,

money, tower, paper, swarm (of bees.)

Criterion 1: NOUNS Classes: Plural, singular and collective

Criterion 2: BEINGS Classes: Animate and Inanimate Stone, air, paper, sea-water, baking-powder, glass, cake, whipped-cream, coal, aspirin, caviar, plastic, salt, worms, grass

Sit, walk, run, block, oppose, die, love, try, fail, suit, hold, keep, have, suppose, appear, melt, lie, incline, agree, feel

PERCEPTION

SELECT THE ANSWER THAT BEST ANSWERS THE QUESTION OR COMPLETES THE SENTENCE.

1. Perception can be studied by Highlight answer Psychology and physiology - physics and biology - chemistry and mathematics -

2. There are_________ senses Highlight answer More than five - Less than five - More than ten -

3. The senses of temperature and pain are associated to the following organ:

Highlight answer The ear - The skin - The tongue - The eye - The nose -

4. The colours are perceived thanks to the

Highlight answer Rods - Cones - Optic nerve -

5. The rods are neurons that are sensitive to light's

Highlight answer wavelength - intensity - brightness -

6. Sound is perceived by the ear and is formed by Highlight answer volume, tone and timbre - volume, tone and intensity - intensity, tone and loudness -


7. The three parts of the ear are Highlight answer first, second and third - external, middle, and internal - outer, medium, and other -

8. The eardrum is located in the

Highlight answer middle ear - external ear - internal ear -

9. The organ where the sense of taste is located is the

Highlight answer mouth - tongue - throat -

10. The combination of smell and taste is known as

Highlight answer flavour - taste - aroma -

11. The tastes that we can distinguish are

Highlight answer bitter, sweet - sour, salty - all the answers -

12. The salty taste is perceived on _____ of the tongue

Highlight answer the tip - the sides - the back -

13. Sounds, smells, tastes and colours can all be called

Highlight answer stimuli - sensorials - things - senses - stuff -

14. The senses of balance and awareness of position are in the

Highlight answer internal ear - external ear - eyes -

15. When there is a contradiction between what your eyes and your ears perceive you get

Highlight answer dizzy - seasick - crazy -

16. A perceptual illusion is when Highlight answer a sense creates a distortion - we fool our senses - our brain is confused - someone is crazy - magic happens -


17. The sense that has been more studied is the

Highlight answer smell - hearing - sight - touch - taste -

18. All the signals sent to the brain are in the form of

Highlight answer light waves - sound waves - electrical impulses -

19. Perception for physiology has to do with Highlight answer the process - the interpretation - the senses - the thoughts - the feelings -

20. Perception for psychology has to do with

Highlight answer the process the interpretation - the senses - the thoughts - the feelings -

21. Hallucinations can be created by

Highlight answer Drugs - Illness - Deprivation of sleep - Deprivation of food and water - All the answers -

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

22. Respiration is the act of ___________.

Highlight answer breathing - exhaling - inhaling -

23. Inhaling is_________.

Highlight answer giving off carbon dioxide - taking in oxygen rich air - no answer available -

24. Some organs of the respiratory system are:

Highlight answer mouth, oesophagus, lungs, stomach - mouth, heart, small intestines, lungs - nose, trachea, larynx, pharynx, lungs -


25. The larynx is the____________. Highlight answer windpipe - voice box - cavity behind the nose and mouth -

26. The diaphragm is _________.

Highlight answer the cavity behind the nose and mouth - another word for windpipe - a large muscle that forms the floor of the rib cage -

27. The nasal passages are covered with tiny hair like structures called______________.

Highlight answer cilia - bronchioles - alveoli -

28. Before reaching the lungs, the trachea splits into two tubes called the _______________.

Highlight answer lungs - alveoli - bronchi -

29. The exchange of carbon dioxide occurs in the ______________.

Highlight answer alveoli - nose - trachea -

30. When the diaphragm ____________, oxygen is pulled into the lungs. When the diaphragm ____________, carbon dioxide is pumped out of the lungs. Highlight answer relaxes, contracts - pushes, pulls - contracts, relaxes -

31. The respiratory system has two jobs. They are____________.

Highlight answer provide the body with oxygen, rid the body of carbon dioxide - pump blood to the heart, filter air - store air for future use, break down food -

THE CLINCHER

Instructions:

SELECT THE CLINCHER THAT BEST FITS THE TOPIC SENTENCE GIVEN BY CLICKING ON IT.

RECHECK YOUR ANSWERS BEFORE SUBMITTING.

1. Being a super-model may not be as easy as it seems.

Highlight answer So, as you see, a super-model is liked by everyone. - Definitely, a super-model can have very rough times. - When modelling you get very tired. - As a super-model, people don't care about your feelings -


2. Smileys: , , or have improved communication through instant messages because of what they represent.

Highlight answer As a conclusion, smileys are really cute. - We can see that smileys represent feelings and attitudes, which makes others understand us better. - To conclude, I think smileys are a waste of time. - In conclusion, face to face communication is better. -

3. Being in love can be great and terrible at the same time.

Highlight answer Because of all the daydreaming, walking on sunshine, and jealousy, one can forget one's duties. - There is nothing greater than to be in love with someone that loves you back. - Daydreaming is the best thing that can ever happen to you if you are in love. - Jealousy is the worst feeling ever, so try to be tolerant. -

4. As opposed to what many think, being a teenager is everything but easy.

Highlight answer So, as you see, being a teenager can be really complicated. - In conclusion, growing older can change the perspective of things. - You should try to remember all the fun you had when you were a teenager. - Finally, we can say that teenage is the best age. -

5. Stress is really bad for your health, so it should be avoided.

Highlight answer In conclusion, doctors cannot cure stress. - Finally, you can find ways to deal with stress. - After knowing all the dangers of stress, you can try to avoid it. - There are many ways to deal with stress. -

TOPIC SENTENCE

41. Select the topic sentence from the ones given below.

Highlight answer I had to take a cold shower. - The hot water did not work well. - First, my alarm clock did not go off. - Today was not the best day of my life. - I had to have cold milk for breakfast - My bus left me. - I had a test at school, and failed. - Would you say this was one of the best days? -



Highlight answer By bus you cannot stop and see all the churches or monuments. - Traffic is really heavy, and there are very few parking spaces, so it is difficult to go by car. - When you walk, you can stop to look at anything for as long as you please. - When walking, you can discover places that no tourist-guide tells you about. - Mexico City downtown can be enjoyed better when walking. -


Highlight answer Preparing a great apple pie is easily done in few steps. - First, you need to prepare the fruit with sugar and spices. - To prepare the crust it is important that the water is cold. - Baking at the temperature will result in a crispy crust and firm apples. - Usually, apple pie is best if you eat it with ice-cream. -


Highlight answer Your "useful" years are very few. - Most of the times you wear borrowed clothes. - Being a super-model may not be as easy as it looks. - If you have several shows a day, you pass most of the day without clothes. - You are normally on a diet. -


Highlight answer You can count on family always. - Family is the most important thing in the world. - They will always love you no matter what. - Your family is not with you because of your money. - Your parents don't love you because you are pretty or handsome. -


Highlight answer At the beginning, few people had computers, so software was not so required. - Today, besides computers, mobiles and many other things require software. - One of the things that has increased a lot, is videogames; there are sites that release one every other week or so. - With the increased capacity of hardware, software can use more resources. - Software development has increased in the past twenty years. -


Highlight answer A dog will always be happy when you get home. - A dog will always forgive you in an instant. - A dog will know when you are sad and will stay by your side. - Dogs are great companions. - A dog does not need birthday presents. -



Highlight answer Cats make great pets. - A cat does not need a lot of space. - Cats can walk themselves. - Cats do not expect you to play with them. - Cats can have a calming effect when they purr. -

SUPPORTING SENTENCES

INSTRUCTIONS: SELECT THE SENTENCE THAT DOES NOT SUPPORT THE TOPIC SENTENCE GIVEN BY CLICKING

ON IT. 49. Being a supermodel may not be as easy as it seems.

Highlight answer Travelling constantly is a must, but one does not really get to know the places. - All the clothes one wears in the shows are borrowed. - One has to be in a constant diet. - One gets a lot of money in a short time. - The lights, make-up, and long hours are terrible for one's skin. -

50. Mosquitoes are interesting insects.

Highlight answer Their buzzing can be really annoying. - They live for a little time. - It is known that only the female bites. - The blood they suck is necessary for their reproduction. - They undergo metamorphosis. -

51. Technology has made our life easier.

Highlight answer Washing machines make doing the laundry a lot faster. - With our mobiles, our parents can call us all the time to know where we are. - Mobile phones have improved communications. - Music devices are a lot smaller and can be carried everywhere. -

52. Human activities increase air pollution.

Highlight answer Every time we plug in an electrical device, it generates CO2. - Volcanic eruptions expel a lot of contaminants to the atmosphere. - All the industries produce wastes that can be in gaseous form. - Traffic in cities increase the greenhouse gases. - Bad quality gasolines are responsible for most of the sulphur and lead in the air we breathe. -


53. The world, as we know it, would be strongly affected if the sun did not shine for three days.

Highlight answer Temperatures will decrease significantly. - Smaller plants would die. - We would become paler. - The production of oxygen by plants would decrease. - Many animals of hot climates would die. -

54. People's health would be better if they used their cars less.

Highlight answer Walking is an excellent exercise for the heart. - Air pollution would decrease, so would respiratory diseases. - People would buy shoes more frequently. - Traffic would be less, so stress would be reduced. -

PROCESS PATTERN

INSTRUCTIONS: WRITE THE ONE WORD THAT CORRECTLY COMPLETES THE STATEMENTS.

55. A process writing may tell the reader how to __ something.

56. The process pattern is ___ to recognise.

57. It can be found in ___ magazines.

58. In a process pattern, the info appears as a set of ___.

59. An important feature of a process pattern is that it has to follow a specific ___.

60. The verbs used for a process are ___ verbs.

61. In the process pattern you can also find ___ words, such as first, next, and then.

62. Sometimes, instead of ordering words, you find that steps appear ___ in a list.

63. The numbering for an outline always starts in ___ numerals.


DRUGS

Instructions: READ CAREFULLY AND DO AS NEEDED.

64. Cocaine is a

Highlight Answer stimulant narcotic hallucinogen

65. Opium is a

Highlight Answer stimulant narcotic hallucinogen

66. LSD is a

Highlight Answer stimulant hallucinogen narcotic

67. Alcohol is obtained from Highlight Answer Fermentation of cereals Coca plant Peyote/cactus Mushroom

Chemical synthesis Poppy Marijuana Tobacco plant

68. Cocaine is obtained from/by

Highlight Answer Fermentation of cereals Coca plant Poppy Mushrooms

Peyote/cactus Chemical synthesis Marijuana Tobacco plant

69. Opium is obtained from/by Highlight Answer Fermentation of cereals Coca plant Poppy Marijuana

Mushrooms Peyote Chemical synthesis Tobacco plant

70. Psilocybin is obtained from/by Highlight Answer Fermentation of cereals Coca plant Poppy Mushrooms

Peyote/cactus Marijuana Tobacco plant Chemical synthesis

71. Mescaline is obtained from/by

Highlight Answer Fermentation of cereals Coca Plant Poppy Mushrooms

Peyote/cactus Marijuana Tobacco plant Chemical synthesis


72. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is obtained from/by

Highlight Answer fermentation of cereals peyote/cactus mushrooms marijuana

poppy chemical synthesis coca plant tobacco plant

73. Nicotine is obtained from/by

Highlight Answer Coca plant fermentation of cereals mushrooms peyote/cactus

marijuana coca plant tobacco plant chemical synthesis

74. Antidepressants are obtained from/by

Highlight Answer chemical synthesis fermentation of cereals poppy coca plant

tobacco plant marijuana mushrooms peyote/cactus

Complete the sentences

75. Cocaine, morphine, caffeine and nicotine belong to the same category of chemical compounds known as

76. Alcohols are many, but the one that people drink is the

77. Cocaine is obtained from a

78. Cocaine causes __ addiction

79. Cocaine usually comes as white

80. Of the following withdrawal symptoms: nausea. vomit, delirium tremens, shivers,

tremors, only one belongs to alcohol withdrawal, write it down.

81. Everybody who tries a psychoactive drug becomes addicted to it.

True False

82. Cocaine produces weight loss because it increases the appetite.

True False


83. Cocaine is a hallucinogen.

True False

84. All addictive substances can ultimately lead the user to death.

True False

85. It is very easy to leave an addiction behind.

True False

86. Cocaine can be administered in __ different forms.

USES OF THE COMMA

ON THE LINE PROVIDED AT THE LEFT OF EACH SENTENCE, WRITE THE LETTER OF THE COMMA

RULE THAT IS ILLUSTRATED IN THE SENTENCE.

a. To set off introductory words j. To set off non restrictive phrases and clauses

b. After introductory phrases k. To set off dates c. After introductory clauses l. To set off items in an address d. To set off appositives m. To set off dialogue e. To enclose parenthetical elements n. To set off interjections f. To separate two independent

clauses before coordinating conjunctions

o. To set off interruptions

g. Between items in a series p. In numbers h. To separate adjectives q. In direct address i. To separate contrasted elements r. For clarity or emphasis

____ 287. He gave up after 1,300 questions

____ 288. Oh, but you did not mean to hurt me.

____ 289. Since the dog had started to run, a way to catch him had to be found.

____ 290. To estimate the costs, he consulted a repairman by phone.

____ 291. Making up his mind quickly, John ordered lasagna while we were still reading

the menu.

____ 292. However he tried to use the bottle opener, it would not work.

____ 293. Oil, which is lighter than water, rises to the surface.

____ 294. He left the scene of the accident, and tried to forget that it had happened.

____ 295. December 7, 1941 will never be forgotten.

____ 296. He replied, "I have no idea what you mean."


____ 297. Men who are bald, are frequently the ones who are the most authoritative on the subject of baldness.

____ 298. I am telling you, Janet, she has no idea what she is talking about.

____ 299. Write the editor of the Atlantic, 8 Arlington Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02116.

____ 300. Mark Twain's early novels, I believe, stand the test of time.

____ 301. Gracefully, lightly, and daintily the ballerina moved across the stage.

____ 302. Chris did not see how he could organize, write, and proofread this paper in only

two hours.

a. Correct b. Error

____ 303. As the boat turned about a dozen dolphins began to follow it.

____ 304. Since we moved into town, our fuel bill has tripled.

____ 305. Having chosen nursing as a career Susan enrolled in many science courses.

____ 306. Usually, I have time to eat breakfast.

____ 307. From outside the twelve-mile fishing limits off the coast of Maine, a strange

phenomenon has been reported.

____ 308. When he was in high school he was known only as an athlete.

____ 309. Before you decide what courses to take, you should consider the amount of

work you are willing to do.

____ 310. Nevertheless I do not want to meet him

LISTENING TO ACADEMIC LECTURES

311. How does body language contribute to meaning in an academic lecture?

312. Write down the types of knowledge listeners use in order to add information to the lecturer’s words.

_______________________________________ ___________________________________

313. What does the lecturer mean with inside noise?

314. How do we know what to take notes of?


315. Is the language in academic lectures the same than in everyday conversations? Justify your answer.

ARTICULATIONS

WRITE DOWN THE NAMES OF THE ARTICULATIONS MARKED IN THE DIAGRAM.

316. __________________________________________________________

317. __________________________________________________________

318. __________________________________________________________

319. __________________________________________________________

320. __________________________________________________________

321. __________________________________________________________

322. __________________________________________________________

316

317

318

319

320

321

322


ARTS

a. Painting n. Techniques b. Major and Minor o. Ficton, non-fiction and science

fiction c. Literature p. Violins, violas, cellos d. Music q. Flute, clarinet, basson e. Dance r. Brass, woods f. Strings, Winds and Percussions s. Trumpet, horn g. Landscape, portrait and still-life t. Chiaroscuro h. Hue, intensity and tone u. Subject, style i. Prose, Poetry and Drama v. Harmony, melody j. Art w. Concert, sonata k. Fine arts x. Lyrics l. Texture, volume, space and

movement y. Romantic, baroque, cubist

m. Perspective, relative size z. Lines, shapes and colour

____ 323. Expression of emotions and thoughts in a 2-D visual language

____ 324. The three main classifications of the instruments in a Symphomic orchestra

____ 325. The contrast of dark and light in painting

____ 326. The elements in painting

____ 327. The words written to be sung

____ 328. The characteristics obtained in painting through the combination of the elelments

____ 329. Elements of a musical composition

____ 330. Instruments belonging to the wind woods section of the orchestra

____ 331. The art of organizing sounds and silences in combinations and sequences that constitute a continuous unified composition

Vocabulary & Sentence types Instructions: Use your vocabulary words in the following, making it clear that you know the meaning:

Five declarative sentences

Five interrogative sentences

Five exclamatory sentences

Five simple sentences that contain at least two different types of phrases

Five complex sentences

Five compound sentences

Five complex-compound sentences

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