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Hot Water Management
How to Save Energi via Hot Water Management
Ir. Herry Widjanarko MBA MSIE
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
Topics
• Hot Water Management;– Loss of heat
• Water leakage• Less Insulation• Not optimal design system
– Source of hot water• Comparison of types and energy usage• Heat pumps principles
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
Loss of Heat
• Loss of heat, sometimes missed from the calculation of energy saving, where the loss means more energy to be wasted.
• The cost to stop or prevent the heat some times expensive and not possible
• Possible loss of heat is due to; hot water leakage, less insulation and most important the design of the system
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
Hot Water Leakage
• More water to be heat up• Waste of water and energy• Reduce cleanness• Could be solved if detected;
– Run pressure test– Check the whole piping and valve
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
Insulation
• High investment cost vs. loss of heat• Significant in certain area of piping• Old system;
– Not all have possible to be insulated– High cost to replace
• New system;– Possible to implemented in all areas– Relative lower cost than at old system
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
System Design 1
• Point to consider:– No perfect insulation exist– High investment, low operating cost vs. low
investment, high operating cost– Space limitation– Technology or industrial availability limitation
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
System Design 2
• Point to achieve:– Reduce open surface area– Reasonable investment, lowest operating
cost.– Optimum space– Use all physics principles and not against– Push hot water in design of tanks, heat-up
from lowest temperature possible
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
Source of hot water
• Chiller
• Boiler
• Water Heater;– Electric– Solar– Gas– Heat Pumps
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
Types of Water Heater
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
Cost to heat up water up to 55 4C
* Tarif non subsidi hanya berlaku di luar listrik, tarif listrik industri diatas 200KVA
kwh m3 kwh kg kwh
10.00 2.08 48.90 5.60 17.50
kwh kg kwh liter kwh
10.00 1.87 48.90 4.54 17.50
864.00 5,850.00 864.00 4,500.00 864.00
864.00 9,000.00 864.00 10,000.00 864.00
8,640.00 16,848.00 42,249.60 45,360.00 15,120.00
Tarif Indonesia *
Tarif yang berlaku buat Industri
Biaya Energi Pemanas (Rupiah)
Satuan
Satuan di Indonesia
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
Heat Pump Principles
• The most energy saving after solar power
• No dependent with weather
• Heat when needed, no need big tanks
• Flexible design
• No danger of burning and electric shock
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
How Heat Pump Work
• Use heat (entropy) in air as main energy to heat the water
• Electricity is only use to transfer the heat from air (water) to water, this make the system very low usage of electricity
• Lower the temperature of air
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
How Heat Pump Work 1
Evaporator
Expansion Valve
Compressor
Heat Pump Water HeaterWork Cycle
Water Heat
Exchanger
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
How Heat Pump Work 2
Evaporator
Expansion Valve
Compressor
Heat Pump Water HeaterWork Cycle
Water Heat
Exchanger
Pumps
Hot Water 55 C
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
Types Heat Exchanger
☺ Double wall pipes
☺ Tanks with pipes
☺ Titanium tubes
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
Heat Exchanger
Exchange heat from refrigerant to water
- Water force flow or natural flow (tanks with pipe of refrigerant)
- The flow of water must be correct to absorb heat optimum
- COP in natural flow is smaller than force flow
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
COP
• The heat pump efficiency is called COP
• The higher value the better
• It depends on:– Water inlet temperature– Ambient air temperature– Target of heating temperature
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
Example Heat Pump COP
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
Heat Pump Design
• Individual
• Individual combined with solar water heater
• Central system
• Central system combined with solar water heater
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
Central vs. Individual
Consideration factor:
• Location and distance
• Frequency of usage
• Technical space possibilities
• Cost of investment
• Cost of operations
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
Individual
• Location among point of hot water outlets far each other, like cottages types
• Cost to keep hot water in pipe is high due to insulation or high loss of heat
• Low frequency of usage
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
Sample IndividualPipa 1"
Pipa 1/2"
Pipa 3/4"
Sistem Air Dingin Rumah
Use of natural convention to circulate hot water
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
Sample Individual with Solar Water heater
Sistem Air Dingin Rumah
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
Combined System WorkSolar Panel
Evaporator Solar Panel
Evaporator Solar Panel
Evaporator
Solar Panel
Evaporator Solar Panel
Evaporator Solar Panel
Evaporator
Start Night Night Morning
Afternoon Dawn Night
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
Central Heat Pump Design System
• Total water per day• Peak hours (50% needs in 2 hours)• Tank and Heater composition (heat pump is less
electricity, so turn on when needed)• Losses, circulating distribution, insulation• Heat Transfer efficiency, high degree, high
energy, low degree, low energy, no double job or heating-cooling, steady/stable temperature
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
Point to consider
• PLN cost based on usage and no more capacity cost
• Source of cold water
• Open tanks or pressure tanks (close)
• Single system or multiple (based on section)
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
Tank Consideration
• Low volume capacity to avoid heat loss
• Have cold water back-up tanks
• Design to make hot water flow first
• Price of tank is comparable with the heat pump, better use more heat pump than big tanks
• Close tank (pressure tank) rather than open tank (high heat losses)
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
Heat Pump Capacity
• Possible to supply during peak hours to avoid big tanks (able to fulfill the requirement within 1 hours of designed capacity of needed water, comparable with max flow capacity)
• Low electricity power input makes possible to have just in time principle (no more PLN hidden fee)
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
Choosing Heat Pump
• Well made from real factory• Capable run 50% per day without damaged• Sensitivity of temperature sensor about 2 ̊ C, the
arrangement of the sensor is critical issue• Design by people who understand heat pump,
eco-industry, energy saving• Consider investment vs. operational cost and
electricity capacity
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
Circulating Water
• The circulating hot water in piping system can use separate heat pump instead of main heat pump, can be lower than the main system to reduce energy
• Reduce the use of water, people intend to flow the water until feel hot/warm
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
Example of System
Hot Water Tank Hot Water Tank
Heat Pump53ºC
Heat Pump53ºC
Heat Pump53ºC
Pump
Pump
User
Heat Pump51ºC
Circulation with separate system
Pump
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
Example of System
Hot Water Tank
Heat Pump55ºC
Heat Pump55ºC
PompaPompaPompa
Cold Water Tank
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
Example of System
Pompa
Hot Water TankHot Water Tank Hot Water TankHot Water Tank
Heat Pump50ºC
Pompa
Heat Pump50ºC
Pompa
Heat Pump50ºC
Pompa
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
Example of System
Hot Water Tank
Heat Pump55ºC
Heat Pump55ºC
PompaPompaPompa
Cold Water Tank
Hot Water Tank Solar Panel
Pompa
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
Pay Back Period
• Compare with others methods the operation cost of heat pumps is about 30%-50% less than other methods.
• Pay back period period compare with heating element water heater in every room is less than 1 year.
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
Investment Cost
• Compare with heating element, the investment cost is about 1.5 - 2 times higher but the operational cost is about 1/3 or 1/4 of the cost.
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013
Price Tanks vs. Heat Pump
• The price of heat pump is about 2 times of the tank capacities.
• Heat pump with capacities 40 kw or about 1250 liter per hour (Jakarta condition) is about equal with price of tank with 2500 liter capacities.
RHEMS, Bali 18-19 July 2013