LIBRARY

THE UNIVERSITY0 CALIEORNIA SANTA BARBARAPRESENTED BYMRS. MACKINLEY HELM

HILL'S

ALBUM.

'^ .jy

?

?

HILL'S

ALBUMOF

lographg and ^rt:CONTAINING

portrait? and peq-^I^etc^e? of t/jan^ person?WHO HAVE BEEN AND ARE

PROMINENT AS RELIGIONISTS, MILITARY HEROES, INVENTORS, FINANCIERS, SCIENTISTS,EXPLORERS, WRITERS, PHYSICIANS, ACTORS, LAWYERS, MUSICIANS, ARTISTS, POETS, SOVEREIGNS, HUMORISTS, ORATORS AND STATESMEN:

TOGETHER WITH CHAPTERS RELATING TO

EVOLUTION, ASTRONOMY, PHRENOLOGY, HOUSEHOLD DECORATION, AND LANDSCAPE GARDENING.

BY

THOS.AUTHOR OF" hill's

E.

HILL,BUSINESS FORMS.'

MANUAL OF SOCIAL AND

CHICAGO: HILL STANDARD BOOK COMPANY, PUBLISHERS.1882.

-^sTnv

T

I

COPYRIGHT OF

'H.

re

THOS.

E.

HILL,

Ufor sale inth.-

1881.

'^

^the publishers and

luued bj Subscription only and not

bookstores.

Residents of any Stale

dcsmnj a copy should address

an agent

will call

upon them*

EIlrotypfd by BlomiOTn Bm*. * To,.

rhtr([rt. Ill,

A.

UNIVKRSTTY OF CAITFORNIA SAXTA n^r"' 'HA WYLCG COLLrrTiOfl'

Kij]

?

Of lisI

TD

THDSE STRIYIN& FDR EXCELLENCEIn thB YariDus IlBpartmEntsof

Human

Action,

WHD

"WDULn

KNDISZ"

HDW OTHERS HAVE WONis

SUCCESS;

This yoluniB

Respectfully Hedicated,

-i>r.

::;S:

K

2^

-C)}'-/.

J.j^omc-^

are born great,

some

achieui3 greatness,

^nil some hauJe greatness thrust upon them."

i

:o~

PREFACE,sVEEYBODY^=/~3

52 59 52

268

43

and

227 123 1'8

270'.

223187 208131

56

*326066 56 43 66

52

and

186

DDaguerre. Louis J. M. Inventor of Sun-Pictures Dahlgren. Ulric, American Colonel Dahlgren, John A., American Rear- Admiral Dale, Richard, American Naval Commander Dampier, William, English Navigator Dana. Richard H. American Essayist and Poet Dana, Richard H., Jr., Lawyer, Politician and Author Dante, degli Alighieri. Italian Poet Darius, King of the Jledes Darius I. King of Persia Darius III.. Another King of Pei-sia Darwin, Charles R., Advocate of the "Evolution" Philosophy David, Jean Pien-e, French Sculptor Davis, Andrew, J.. Spiritualistic Advocate and Seer Davis. Jefferson. Confederate States, President Davis. Jefferson C. American General Davoust. Louis N. French Marshal Dearborn, Henry, American General Decatur Stephen, American Commodore Decatur, Stephen, Jr., American Commodore De Foe, Daniel, Author of "Robinson Cnisoe " De Kalb, John. Baron, American General De Lesseps, Ferdinand, Civil Engineer De Quincey. Thomas, English Author Desaix de Veygoux, French General Dessaix, Joseph M., French General Dick, Thomas, Scotch Christian Philosopher Dickens, Charles, English Novelist Dickinson, Anna E., Eloquent Lecturer and Play-Writer Disraeli, Benjamin, Earl of Beaconsfleld Disraeli, Isaac, English Author,, .

4356 57 57**!

95 C6CIfil

Butler, John, British Guerrilla Chief Butler. Zebulon. American Colonel

Byron, John, British Navigator Byron, George Gordon. Lord. English Poet

75

250

223 223245

CCabot, John. Italian Navigator Cabot, Sebastian, Italian ExplorerCailwalader, John, American GeneralCa?sar, Julius, First

52

^'6^*

5253136 281

Roman EmperorCommentator

^2

Calniet, Augustin, Bible

434344

32 70 665257 61 CI

Refomier Campbell, Alexander, Founder of the Campbellites Campbell. Thomas. English Poet Canby, Edward R. S. American General Canne, John. Author of Bible ReferencesCalvin, John. Christian,

,

26266 43278

,

Canova, Antonio. Italian SculptorCarlyle,

Thomas, Historian and Essayist Carleton, Will M., American Poet Carey Sisters, Alice and Phoebe, Favorite American Authors Carroll, John, First American R. C. BishopCartwright, Peter, Pioneer Methodist Preacher Cervantes, Author of "Don Quixote" Chandler, John, American General Chanlrey, Sir Francis, English Sculptor

227 246215

22257

96

43

22353 52

43219

59281

222 235205 218 218

American Commodore American Preacher and Author Child. Lydia M., Philanthropic Author Rufus, Learned and Successful Lawyer Choate, Christ, Jesus, Founder of Christianity Clarke, George Rogers. American General Clarke, Adam. Bible Commentator Clarke. William. American General Clay, Henry. American Orator and Statesman Clemens, Samuel L., known as "Mark Twain" Clemmer, Mary, American Newspaper Writer

Chauncey

,

Isaac,

61

Cheever, George

B.,

43214187

25

and M57

4459197

180 2235767

John A. American Soldier and Statesman Doddridge Philip, Preacher and Author Dodge, Mary Abigail, American Author Douglass, Frederick, Orator and Journalist Dow, Lorenzo, English Preacher Downing, Andrew J., American Horticulturist Draper, John W., American Nat^ural PhilosopherDix,

59 44219198

44

313134

Clinton, SirHenrj', British Clinton. James,

Commander

American Officer Cole, Thomas, American Land scape- PainterCole, Vicat, English Land.scape-Painter

275 276 266

Coleridge.Collina,

S.

Taylor. English Poet

Collingwood. Lord. Engll(*h

Admiral

5221983 78168 134

Dryden, John. English Poet DuChaillu. Paul B.. African Explorer Dumas, Alexandre. French Play-Writer and Novelist Dumas (Mulatto^. French General Dupont, Samuel F., American Rear-Admiral Duroc, Girard C. M. French General Dwight, Timothy, President of Yale College,

*

23976

22452Cl

5244

William Wilkie. English Novelist Colt, Samuel. Inventor of the RevolverColumbu.H, Christopher, Discoverer of America Combe, George, Phrenological Writer Comle, AiiffUHte. Founder of Positivism Conde, Princes and Dukea of, Bourbon Warrioi-sConfucluM, Chinese Law-GIvor Conkling, Kowcoe, Sta,tesman and Orator Conwtnntlne the Great, Roman Emperor22

EEads, James B., American Civil Engineer Early, Jubal A. Confederate Major-General Eaton, William, American Captain Edison, Thomas A., American Inventor Edward, the " Black Prince" of England Edwards, Jonathan, Preacher and Author "Eliot, George" Sec Evans, Marian* Eliot, John, Indian Missionary Elliott. Jesse P., Ami-rican Commodore Elizabeth, the " Virgin Queen" of England Emcmon. Ralph W. Poet, Ei'sayiHt ami Philosopher Ericsson, John, Swcdi.*7

53

Mari*>'at. Frederick,,

English Novelist

23344192

44*4 4t 4i

Mason, John M. Author and Preacher Mason, Lowell, American Composer of Music Mather. Cotton, Preacher and Author Mather, Increase, President of Harvard College

44 4444141

-^... 51

KKane. Dr. E. K., Arctic Explorer Kearny. Lawrence, American Commodore Kearny, Philip, American General Kearny. Stephen W. American General Kfene, James R. Capitalist and Speculator Kellogg. Clara Louise, jVnierican Soprano Singer Kepler, Johann, German Astronomer, ,

81

6266 59121

Matthew (or Levi). Christ's Apostle Maury, Matthew F. American Scientist McArthur, Dimcan. American Scientist McCall, George A., American General McCarthy, Justin, English Journalist and Author McClellan, George B. American General McClernand. John A. American General, , ,

57 67

232

6667.-^

McCulIoch, Benjamin, Confederate Major-General McCook, A. D., American General McCormick, Cyiois H., Inventor of a Reaper

70 67 8662

laO 154 183 27257

Kepler, Joseph. Caricaturist of Puck Kiss, August, Prussian Sculptor

Knox, Henry, American General Knox, Jolin. Scotch Reformer Kossuth. Louis, Hungarian Patriot

4453

and

206

LLafayette. Marquis de. American General Laniartine. A. M. L. de, French Historian and Siatesnian Lamb, Charles, English Author and Poet57

226238

Landor. Walter Savage, English Author Landseer, Sir Edwin, Painter of Animals Laplace, French Astronomer Latimer, Hugh, English Bishop and Martyr Lawrence, Abbott, American Merchant and Philanthropist Lawrence. Amos, Xew England Merchant and Philanthropist Lee, " Mother Ann," Founder of the Shakers Lee, Caroline (Mrs. Hentz), American Author Lee, Fitzhugh, Confederate General Lee, Henry, American Officer Lee, George W. Custts, Confederate Officer Lee, K.

Pagic.

PACK.Rosccrans, William S, American-Genci-al Rothschilds, The A family of Foreign Bankers Rousseau, Jean Jacques, Frencli Author Rubens, Peter P., German Painter,

Taley, William, British Theologian]*iuk. Miint'o,

44 81

(;;

African Explorer41

lOi

Ameiican Preacher and Author Part on, Jiinies, American Biographer and Autliur Putti, Adclina M. C. Leading Opera-Singer Patti, Carlotta, Soprano Concert-Singer Paul, the Ai)ostle and Gentile Missionai-y Paulding, Ihrain, American Rear- Admiral Payson, Sara { Fanny Kern ") Americaji Author Peabody, George, Banker and Philanthropist Peale, Charles Wilson, American Portrait Painter Peale, Rembrandt, Historical and Portrait Painter Pchigius, Founder of a Christian Sect Pcriy, Christopher R., American Naval Captain Pen-y, Slatthew C. American Comtnodore Perry, Oliver Hazard, American CommodoreJ'arker, Tlieodore,, ' ',

and

i:i2

230271

325101ISH

44 02

SSakyo-Muna, Buddhistic Teacher Santa Anna, Antoni L. de, Mexican General "Sand. George" (Mdmc. Dudcvant), French Novelist Saxe, John G. American Humorous Poet Schenek, Robert C, Amcricau General Schiller, Johann C. F. von, German Poet,

a53216

214Ill

269 2944

244C7^

24089 07

62 62 6219544

,

Schoeffer, Peter, Co-Inventor of Printing Scholield, John M. American General,

Peter the Great, Emperor of Russia Peter the Hermit, the First Crusader Peter, Simon, Christ's Disciple Phidias, Ancient Greek SculptorPhilip, Christ's Disciple

Schuyler, Philip, American General Scott, Thomas A, Railroad Magnate Scott, Sir Walter, Author of * Waverley ", '

57123

237 22807

44

27244

Wendell, American Orator and Philatithrupist Pickens, Andrew, American General Pierce, Franklin, Fourteenth President United Statee Pike, Zebulon M. American General Pillow, Gideon J., Confederate General Pinckney, Charles C, American Officer Pinckney, Thomas, American Major Pitman, Isaac, Inventor of Short-Hand Writing Pizarro, Francis, Spanish- American Warrior Plato, Grecian Philosopher Pleasanton, Alfied, American General Poe, Edgar A., American Author Polk. James K., Eleventh President United States Polk, Leonidas, Bishop and Confedei-ate General Pollok, Robert, Scotch Poet Pompey Cneus, Roman Statesman and Warrior Poniatowski, Prince Joseph, Polish General Pope, John, American Genei'al Porter, David, American Commodore Porter, David D. American AdmiralPliillips,,, ,

142

57189

Sedgwick, Catharine M. American Author Sedgwick. Jolin, Amei-ican General Semmes, Raphael, Confederate Naval Commander Shakspeare, William, the World's Poet Sharon, William, Sijeculator and Senator,

02248119

5970 57 57147

Shelby, Isaac, American Naval Commander Sheridan, Philip H., Lientcnant-General United States Sheridan, R. Erinsley, Irisli Dramatist.

59 0723407

53130

07254 189

70238

5353 67 62 62 67 59

Sherman, William T. General of United States Shields, James, American General and Senator Shubrick, John T., American Rcar-Admii-al Shubrick, William B., American Rear-Admii-al Sickles, Daniel E. American General Sigcl, Franz, American General Sigourney, LydiaH., American Poet and Author Smiles, Samuel, British Author Smith, Gerrit, American Philanthropist Smith, Joseph, Founder of Jlormonism Smith. Kirby E., Confederate General. Socinus, Faustus, Intiiiel Teacher,

59 62 0207 67

,

238 233v,z

3071

ui:jo

Socrates,

Famous Ancient Philosopher

Porter, Fitz-John, American Genei-al

Porter, Peter B., American General Powers, Hiram, American Sculptor

Solomon, Wisest King of the Jewish Nation Sothern, Edwai*d AT, English Comedian South worth, Mi-s. E. D. E. N., American Novelist Silencer, Herbert, Engineer and NaturalistSpencer, Philipp J. Founder of the Pietists Spencer, Piatt R. , Originator of a System of Penmanship Spinosa, Benedict. Founder of a Sect Spofford, Harriet E., American Author Spring, Gaidiner, Preacher and Author Spurgeon, Charles H., English Preacher Spurzheim, Johann G., Early Teacher of Phrenology Stanford, Leland, Ex-Governor of California Stanley, Henry M., African Explorer Stanton, Elizabeth Cad y. Leader of Worn an -Suffrage Movement Stark, John. American General St. Clair, Arthur, Amei-ican General Stephenson, George, Father of the English Railway-Locomotive Steuben, Baron F. W. A., American General Stewart, xMexandcr T. , American Merchant Stewart, Charles, American Rear-Admiral,

195

210 229135

27862'..i

44

American Commodore Preble, Geoi'ge H., American Naval Captain Prescott, William H., American HistorianPrehle, Edward.Pi-ice, Sterling,

28344229

6222871

Confederate Genei'al

Pi'ominent PersonsAge at Which Tliey First Became Distinguished Ptolemy, Claudius, Originator of a System of Astronomy Pullman, George M., Improver of Sleeping-Cars Putnam, Israel, Amei'ican General

a199ir>8

292153

9057

122

75149 57^

Putnam, Rufus, American Engineer Pythagoras, Ancient Philosopher and Astronomer

57153

57

QQuitman, JohnA.,

94 57107

American General

59

62

RRalston, William C. California Banker Ransotn. Thomas E. G., American General Raphael, Italian Painter Reade, Charles, English Novelist Reid, Cajjtain Mayne, English Story-Writer.

Stockton, Robert F. , American,

Commodore

0262

118

Stringham, Silas S. American Rear-AUmiral Sti'other, David H., American Artist and AuthorStuart, Gilbert, Stuart,

229 27971

67

American Portrait-PainterConfederate General

268230 230

James

E. B.,

Samuel C. American Naval Captain Rembrandt, Paul, Hoi land Artist Renan, Joseph E. French Sceptical WriterReid,,,

Sue, M. J.. Eugene, French Novelist Sullivan, John, American General

229576757

62

209...230

Reviere, Briton, English Painter Ripley, Eieazer W. American General,

274

5959 44 62

Sunmer, Edwin V., American General Sumter, Thomas, American General Swedenborg, Emanuel. Founder of the New Jerusalem Chui-ch Swinburne, Algernon, British Poet Scott, Winlleld, American General

29

and

44

238

Ripley, Roswell S., American Military Officer

60

Robertson, William, Preacher and Historian Rodgers, John, American Connuodore Rodgevs, John (2), American Rear-Admiral Rogers, John, American Sculptor Rogei-s, John, English Martyr Rogers, Randolph, American Sculptor Rollin, Charles, French Historian

TTaylor, Bayard, American Traveler and Author Taylor. Zachary American General and President Tecumseh. Shawnee Indian Chief,

62279

239

59

and

1S9

44279

592r> iiiiilti|ilictli lidi.-. iii< niM'th care: he whoincrfa-^ctli imiaii' -'i \ ;iiii- im .-aseth lewdness; he \vhi> nnUtii'h'ili jui ji - \ 'uts increasecii robbery, Imt he wliu incii^a-aelh his knowledge of the law increaseth life.ti i

law

will perish.

Separate not thyself from the congregation: nor have confidence in thyself until the day of thy death. Judge not thv neighbor until thnu artplacfd intlu- .-iinu' rirciiiustani't.'-;

n'-ilhcriti

utti.-r

anylliiiit: wlii--h is iiiri.iiipif Ml

Tiiiiu slialt ha\L-

noII.

otlit-r

h.iiidage. K'kIs before

Sabbath of the Lord thy God. In it thou shalt not do any wnrk, tliou. nur thy son, nor thy dau^'htir, thv manservant, northy maid ^-ti vant. imr thy cattle, nor thy >lianu'.i that is withiiithy gates; f.irinsi\

seven

fnot fi.rfoot.

me.

burning''

\'"V

l.iiriunir,t'jv

wmnidstripe.

for wumid, stripeIf

and one smite another with a stone, or with his fist, andstrive together,

men

he die not, but keepeth his bed, if he rise again and walk

Thou Shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of anytlimg that is in heaven above, or that is in he earth beneath, or that is in the wattT under the earth; thou shalt not bi>w down thvstlf to them nor serve them; fori, the I-'nii tliyliod, am aI

heaven and earth, Ihr in them is, and rt-si.d dav and hallowedit.

days Hip I, urd made si-;i. and all thatth.- s,-y,nlli

day

yeai-s thou shalt make a release. And this is the manner of the release Everj- creditor that lendeth aught unto liis neighbor shall release it; he shall not exact it of his neighbor, or of his brother,;

wherefor.- the L-nil blessed the seventhV.

becauserelease.

it is

called the Lord's

Honor thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee.Vl.

abroad upon his staff, then shall he that smote him be quit; only he shall pay for the loss of his time, and shall cause him to be thoroughlyhealed.

icalousUnd, vi--iliii^r ihf inii|Viitv of the fntht-r>upon th.- rhil.hvn uiU.. the third ami fi.iiiih irrTirration of them that lia(-.

. K.n.

.T^^'^i:^a:.

Bero,.e

C...

^^ ^^ %^ %^ %f^ ^^^Beliefs.the capital of

The Buddhistic and BrahmanisticT KAPILAVASTOU,Hiover

Thsang, a Chinese pilgrim,

was born about 670 years before Christ. His father, Couddhodama, was the king of the realm, and bis mnther,Cfiitnil India, Siddharta

years before Christ, found

who many monuments

visited this locality 632

erected here, and seven

days he spent in worshiping them.Feeling the inspirationof age,full

commenced

his preaching, first in small places,

up(m him, Buddha, then thirty-sis years and afterwardsNorthern India, preach-

Maya

Devi,

a

very

beautiful

in the city of

Benares.

woman, was the daughterSoiiprabuddha.

of king

In the succeeding forty years he traversed

mother ofbrated

Both father and Siddharta were celefor the

ing his system, combating the Brahmans, and making

the father

wisdommother

many converts. He lived to see his doctrine generally accepted throughout India. He died when about eighty years of age, 543 years before Christ.retained its hold on the people of the country where

of his government, and hisfor her

exemplary life and piety. His mother dying seven dayshisbirth,

after

his guardianship

by wlioin he was trainedexcelledin

witli

was entrusted to a maternal aunt, care. As a student in school, hedisposedto

study,

buti^

was much

be

absorbed

in

meditation.

Such

the account from ancient writings.

For 1,600 years the system of religion thus founded by Buddha it was Iir..^>.>.-J-J-.^3^-^g-e.fc^^gg.

J^f^^9? ?.>^^^Kgj,'^0^'.^..^^.,. ^tiiki- another niei'its punishment. OppoMlion to iM'iu'i) is tt in. Reply toanger.thine

Contend eniistantly against evil, morally and lntiTii;)ll.\- and externally. .Strive in tt) (iinimi^li the power of Arimanes, the evil one, and destruy his works. If a man lias done this he may fearlessly nieel death, well assured that radiant Ixeds will lead him across the luminous bridge into a paradise of eternal happiItnt tlKiugh he has been brave in battle, ness. killed wild beasts and fought with nil manner of external evils, if he has neglected to combat evil within liimself. he has reason to fear that Arimanes and his Devs will seize him and carrv him to Diiscakh, where he will be punished oecoitlIng to his sins; not to satisfy the vengeance ofphysically,

every way

enemy with

gentleness.

Fornication and immodest lookn are sins. Avoid licentiousness, because it Is one of the readiest

Ornnidz, but because, liaving coiineetebalt love thy neighbor Jind hate thine enemy; but I say unto you. love your .iinnirs. bless them that curse vou, do good to iln-m that hate you. ami pray ('or them whirh dcsplt. fully use and persecute you. Matthew v., IK, H.

.(h^*'^-

HISTiiliV

?

AXD \VOKK OF

MOII AM:MKn.

i

^^^^'

^^^f^^^ERSIA,

^^^^^^^THE MOHAMMEDAN RELIGION ANDArabia, Syria, Asia Minor, Egypt, Xorlhcrn Africa, Asiatic Turkey and Tar-

ITS TEACHINGS.

the Jews, the worshipers of

fire

and of idols; and with the varyim;

beliefs and contentions the time

was

ripe for the inauguration of

a.

tury, are

included in that portion of theprevails

reform that should bring order out of chaos.

world over whichiiifdan religion.arif^e in

the

Moham-

That an individual could

the broad light nf history at so late

Mohammed gave himself up to reflection, praying might become the instrumentality whereby the people should be saved from their idolatries. While he meditated thus he passedIn his solitude,that he

and establish such a wide-spread religion, would indicate him to be a very Such was Mohammed. remarkable man. The city of his nativity was Mecca, in Arabia, wherea dviy,

into a convulsion,

when an angel appearedit

to

him and commanded

him

to read.

In that conditicm,

is

claimed, he saw and read the

decrees of

Having

settled in his

God which he afterwards promulgated in the Koran. own mind the fact that he was not under

the

he was born in the year 570.

control of an evil spirit, he yielded to the

who was humble circumstances, died two months after his birth, and his mother six His guardianyears later. ship was then confided to his grandfather, who died twoIlis father,

Abdullah,in

influence thus brought to bear upon him, andthe communications continued tothe end of hislife,

a

merchant

come

to

being dictated to

Moham-

med by persons

in attendance.

elations, at the close of his life,

These revwere collected,

years

afterwards,to live

when

he he

and became the Bible of the Mohammedans, known as the Koran. His wife, Khadijah, became his firstconvert

went

with his uncle, with

when he commenced preaching;

but,

Abu

Taleb,

whom

aside from his family and immediate friends,

made journeys throughanother uncle,

Syrii

and other countries; and witl

number of his adherents was very small. Five years went.by, at the expiration of whichthe

named

Zobias,

h

e

traveled

extensiveliit

time he announced himself as a prophet, in compliance with a special message. This,

throughout Arabia; during which time heacquired valuable knowledge, which,well bo supposed, served

however,

drew such enmity upon him as

to

may

maketect

it

necessary for his uncle,

Abu

Taleb,

him

in

good stead

though not a believer in his mission, to pro-

in the later years of his eventful life.

him from

the violence of the mob.later, his

In his varying fortunes he was at one timea

Five yearsdied.

uncle and wife both

shepherd

near

Mecca;

subsequently a

As

before, varying fortune attended

linen trader, and, a

little later,

was

in the

him.

widow named Khadijah, whom he married when about twenty-fiveemploy ofa wealthy

He had several times been expelled from Mecca, and at last was compelled to fleeMedinato

to

save hisall

life,

where he was

years of age,senior.

she being fifteen years histhis

received with

the

Through

marriage he had fourthe

MOHAMMED,Founder of the Mitliamnu'daii Religion

honors of a king.

There he was not only a prophet, but a temporal ruler also,

daughters and two sons, and with his family

he passed ten years of peacefullove of meditation growing uponforty he

life,

him

to that extent,

however, that

at

was

in the habit of

resorting to a solitary cave at

Mount

During the succeeding ten years he had with his opponents, but in the end he had not onlv conquered Mecca, which had been the strongest of his opposition, butseveral battleshis doctrines had

Hara, where he gave himself up to religious meditation.

time in the history of Arabia when reform was needed.

tyranny and conquest in the surrounding nations, his being made the refuge of the religiously oppressed.

was a Through country was Hither cameIt

become the generally acceptedall

faith of

the country,

and his rule was admitted throughout

Arabia.

Of various pilgrimages which he made to Mecca, his followers that went with him the last time numbered 40,000. On that occasion he

ascended Mount Arraffl, with this immense concourse of Moslems, In this exhorted for the last time his people, and blessed them. farewell sermon to his congregation, having a premonition that he wasnear his end, though only sixty-three years old, he said:to

What Mohammedanism Teaches.The Mussulmanfaith teaches that there is butall

one God. Lord and

"I

Governor of the Universe, who produced

things from nothing,

returnlove,

Him who

sent me, and

my

last

command

to

you

is,

that

you

honor and uphold each other; that you exhort each other to faith and constancy in belief, and especially in the performance of pious and 5Iy life has been for your good, and so will be my charitable deeds.death."'

begotten by another.

Returning to Medina, he was taken sick three months afterwards, the result of an enfeebled system from poison given him three years He died in the arms of Ayesha, his favorite before by an enemy.wife,

as He Himself was never Lord and Sovereign over all, we are bound to serve and adore Him only. That we must believe with our hearts and confess with our mouths that Mohammed is the prophet, and that his That revealed truth has been transmitted to us through the Koran. there will be a final resurrection; that the first who will arise upon earth

who never begot any person whatever,

Mosque which has been enlargedto this day.

in a house adjoining the Mosque; and, in a portion of the to cover the spot, his remains lie

come to judgment, and Mohammed That those whose actions are good, who believe, and confess a belief, in the one God, in Mohammed and the Koran these shall have perpetual light in paradise with Mohammed; that wicked disbelievers shall be cast into hell, where they shallwill be

Mohammed;

that

all will

will intercede for the wicked.

Khadijah he had no other wife than her, but Six died before after his death, it is claimed, he married twenty. him from five he was divorced, and at his death ten were left widows.

During the

life of

endure every possible torment; but there, even, those who may believe in the one true God, though morally bad and in hell for a time, atthe

second intercession of

Mohammed may

finally hfive their

sins

;

Mohammed

is said to

have been a

strong beard, thick hair, bright

man of middle stature, having a eyes, much fluency of speech, and^

washed away.

To

attain to purity

and holiness on earth, the Mohammedan

faith

though modest in bearing, had great courage. Mohammedan writers claim that he possessed the power to have prolonged his life; that the angel Gabriel gave him permission totakelife

enjoins various exercises.

Perfect cleanliness, frequent prayers,

the giving of alms, fasting, and a pilgrimage to Mecca.

While many forms and ceremonies are observed by the followers ofthis religion, the general outline of belief regarding the resurrection,

or death; whereupon

Mohammed

chose death, and by an

angel he was thrown into a spasm, which soon terminated in death. Thus ended the life-work of a remarkable man, whose followers

torment in hell and perpetual bliss in heaven, seems to have been borrowed from the Christian faith, Mohammed being regarded as theprophet instead of Christ.

to-day

number 160,000.000.

Extractsr

From

the

KoranGod will render of none efi'ect the works of those who believe not, and who turn away men from the way of God; but as to those who believe andwork righteousness, and believe in the revelation which hath been sent down to Mohammed (fur it is truth from their Lordl. He will expiate their evil deeds from them, and will dispose their heartaright.

OD oblipeth no mansucceed hardship.

to ability to perform;

do more than he hath an God will cause ease to

Verily the Lord will enlarge the store of whom he pleaseth, for He knoweth and regardeth Hisservants.

It is God who hath created seven lieavens and as many diflfei-ent stories of the earth; command descendeth between them. Hell shall be a place of ambush, a receptacle for the transgressors, who shall remain therein for ages; they shall not taste any refreshments therein, or any drink, except boiling water. This is the description of paradise, which is promised to the pious. It is watered by rivei-s; its food is perpetual, anil its shade also; this shall be the reward of those who fear God. But the reward

the divine

of the inlldels shall be hell-fire. Unto those who do right shall be given an excellent reward in this world, but the dwelling of the next worltl shall be better; and happy shall be iUf- ilwellin;; "f tht- piuus namely gardens of eternttl ab-idc, into whu-li they shall enter; rivci-s .shall llnw iHiii-iith tin- same; thereiii shall they enjoy whutevei- they wish.

Give full measure when you measure aught; and weigh with a just balance. This will be and more easy Cor determining every man's due. Set not up another god with the true God, lest thou sit down in disgrace and destitute. Thy Lord hath commanded that ye worship none beside Him. Do thou trust in Him who livethand dieth not, and celebrate His praise who hath created the heavens and the earth, and whatever is between them, in six days.better,

The law of Koran forbids a. man marrying his father's wife, his mother, daughter, sister, aunt, niece, wet-nurse, foster-sister, mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, or free women who are married, and who are not slaves. If he has not means enough to marry a free woman who is a believer, he may marry those of his maid-servants who are true believers.

Concerning wine and lots; in both there is great sin, and also some things of use unto men; but their sinfulness is greater than their use. The Lord halh commanderl that ye show kindness unto your parents, whether the one of them or both of them attain to old age with thee. Wherefore sav not unto them. Fie on yo>i: neither reproach them, but speak respectfully unto them, and submit to behave humbly toward them, out of tender alfection. Give unto him who is of kin to you his due. and And waiito also unto the poor and the traveler.not thv substant-e profusely, for the profuse ore brethrVri of the duvtls} and the devil woa untfralcful to hla Lord. .

The servants of the merciful are those who walk meekly on the earth, and when the ignorant speak iinto them, answer, Peace; and who pass the night adoring' their Li)rd and standing up Ami \vh.n.'ver repenteth and to pray unto Him. doth that which is right, vi-rily he turneth luito God with an acceptable conveiion. Veiily this present life is only a play and a vain amusement; but if ye believe and fear God, He will give you your rewards. Consume not your wealth among yourselves invain; nor present it unto judges, that ye may devour part of men's substance unjustly, against your own conscience. Marrv those who arc single among you, and such as are honest of your men-servants and your maid-

Ye may divorce your wives twice, and then either retain them with humanity, or dismiss But if the husband divorce them with kindness her a third time she shall nnt he lawful for him again until she marry anutli.i- tiii>l>ari(l. But if be also divorce her, it shall hrgive may h.- plo^.c^lt^^l mul be obliged to make sati-^factiiin according to hat is just, and a fliii- ^\i:\]] \tf set oil him with humanity- And liewlii.sliali (iari>gress after this by killing the muiilerer shall suller o grievous jjunishment.

servants; if they be poor, God will enrich tlu-m of His abnndam-e, for God is bounteous and wise. And let those who find not a match keep Ihemselves from fornication until God shall ciuich them of Uis ubiuidancc.

Observe prayer, and giveolnis, and obey the may obtain mercy. Walk not proudly in the land, for thou canst not cleave the earth; neither shalt thou e