1The CERN programme for LHC operation and upgrade Frédérick Bordry High Luminosity LHC Project Kick-off - Daresbury Laboratory, UK . 11th November 2013

c) Europe’s top priority should be the exploitation of the full potential of the LHC, including the high-luminosity upgrade of the machine and detectors with a view to collecting ten times more data than in the initial design, by around 2030. This upgrade programme will also provide further exciting opportunities for the study of flavour physics and the quark-gluon plasma.

HL-LHC from a study to a PROJECT300 fb-1 → 3000 fb-1

including LHC injectors upgrade LIU (Linac 4, Booster 2GeV, PS and SPS upgrade)

The European Strategy for Particle Physics Update 2013

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LHC and Injector Upgrade: when?• During Run II and Run III we will be limited by heat load in the triplet (luminosity

debris) and pile-up at the experiments• Every 3 of 4 year a long shutdown period is planned for upgrade activities

LS2: 18 monthsConnection of LINAC4LHC Injectors UpgradeALICE, LHCb Upgrade

~5 monthsLonger end-of-year

stop (CMS)

LS3: 30 monthsHigh Luminosity LHC

Machine and Experiments

Run III: 14 TeV c.m. with levelled luminosity of <1.7x1034 cm-2 s-1

Run II: 13 or 14 TeV c.m. with levelled luminosity of <1.7x1034 cm-2 s-1

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Ingredients for the Upgrade• Operation at pile-up/pile-up density limit:

choose parameters that allow higher than design pile-upLow b* (ATS optics - S. Fartoukh) larger aperture tripletsLower Emittance, Higher Bunch population Crab Cavities as tool to maximize overlap among colliding bunches (i.e. virtual

luminosity) and minimize pile-up density

levelling mechanisms for controlling pile-up during fill dynamic b* squeeze

FfkN

L b**

2

4 b

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HL-LHC Parameters

Parameter Nominal 25ns – HL-LHCBunch population Nb [1011] 1.15 2.2Number of bunches 2808 2748Beam current [A] 0.58 1.12Crossing angle [mrad] 300 590Beam separation [s] 9.9 12.5b* [m] 0.55 0.15Normalized emittance n [mm] 3.75 2.5Virtual Luminosity (w/o CC) [1034 cm-2s-1] 1.2 (1.2) 21.3 (7.2)Max. Luminosity [1034 cm-2s-1] 1 5.1Levelled Pile-up/Pile-up density [evt. / evt./mm] 26/0.2 140/1.25

Aim for ~250 fb-1/y

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Hardware for the Upgrade• Main modifications:• New high field/larger aperture

interaction region magnets

• Crab Cavities to take advantage of the small b*

• New collimators (lower impedance)

• Additional cryo plants (P1, P4, P5)

• SC links to allow power converters to be moved to surface

• Cryo-collimators and high field 11 T dipoles in dispersion suppressors

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US-LARP• The US LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) formed in 2003

to coordinate US R&D related to the LHC accelerator and injector chain (BNL, FNAL, LBNL, SLAC)

• LARP has contributed to the initial operation of the LHC, but much of the program is focused on future upgrades• Increase Luminosity• Beam Handling/Monitoring

• Program is currently funded at a level of about $12-13M/year • Main deliverables for HL-LHC are:

1. Nb3Sn 150 mm quads for the triplet

2. Crab cavities3. High bandwidth feedback for SPS (could be needed also for LHC) 12

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Triplets• HQ02b (short quadrupole

with 120 mm diameter aperture) has reached 90% of the ultimate current with very good memory, kept from the end of the testing in the US to the continuation of the tests in CERN.

• Peak field reached by this quadrupole exceeded 13 T close to peak field expected for nominal HL-LHC triplet quadrupole

G. Sabbi - LBNL

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Crab cavities

BNL

• All prototypes reached the required voltage (3.4 MV/cavity)

• Main issues with ancillary equipment

ODU/SLAC

Lancaster Univ.

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Crab cavities• Down-selection of the crab cavity designs:

• Plan-A: BNL Double Quarter wave cavity design. • Plan B: RF Dipole resonator from Old Dominion

University (ODU/SLAC)• The 4-Rod cavity design will not be pursued.

• More focus for the preparation of a test of these cavities in the SPS planned for 2016