Icci Presentation Sp&Se_17.06

8/2/2019 Icci Presentation Sp&Se_17.06

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Integration of anaerobic digestion and composting as asustainable way to Recover organic wastes.

Modelling of Biomass Power Plant

Dr. Eng. Massimo CALZATI

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT17 th June 2011

SOLUTION PARTNERSHIP FOR PROJECT DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF BIOMASS & SOLAR


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WHO WE ARE

Studio EcoingegneriItalian independentconsultancy specialised inBIOMASS ,BIOGAS &PHOTOVOLTAIC projects

Secret Power

Turkish Solution ProviderCompany for RenewableEnergy Power Plants

specialised in WIND andSOLAR


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WHAT WE DO.. Walk ThroughAnalysis

Feasibility Studies

Business Planning

System Design

Scouting ofTechnologyProviders

PerformanceEvaluation Project

Management

Coordination ofSuppliers


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Life on Earth depends on two natural processes:

The Carboncycle

The Nitrogencycle

Both somehow affected by human activities


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Consequencesare theGreenhouseeffect at globalscale and thevarious forms of

local airpollution

Mainresponsibilitylays with use offossil fuels tofulfill growingenergy needsworldwide

The modified Carbon cycle


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Contributes to bothwater(eutrophication)and air pollutions(GH effect)

The modified Nitrogen cycle

Comes not onlyfrom syntheticfertilizers but alsofrom uncontrolledor excessive

transfer of organicload to soil


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A relevant example: application of animal manure to land


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Livestock farming in EU countries is subject to regulationsaiming at limiting the environmental impact of nitratedischarge (Nitrate Directive)


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Organic wastes: problem or opportunity?

Food industry residues

Household

organic wastes

Green woody

waste

Animal manureand slurryAnimal by-products

Crop residuesOrganic sludges


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easy solutions may be critical to the environment or notparticularly energy efficient


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Nature may help:

Anaerobic Digestion

- extracts the energycontent in a methanerich biogas

- prepares the remaining

sludge to be recover asfertilizer and soil

improver


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AD: key process parameters

Resident times (days)

Temperture ( C)


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Effect of Anaerobic Digestion on organic matter

BiodegradableFeedstock

Before digestionAfter digestion

Water Water

Minerals Minerals

Organic

s

Organics

Organics

Digestate


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Along with woody residues,digestate sludge can becomposted, i.e.

AEROBICALLY digested, toproduce a natural fertilizerand soil improver


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The anaerobic-aerobic INTEGRATED approach to bio-waste management


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Integrated anaerobic-aerobic bio-wastemanagement:

the mass balance

says the cycle isvirtually closed

100 tons

10-15 tons

30-40 tons 30-40 tons


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Anaerobic Digestion in practice

Feedstock

AD

reactor

DigestateBiogas

CombinedHeat andPowerproduction


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Data

from

Danish

studies

AD: What goes in? What comes out?


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CO-DIGESTION: often the right receipt


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A key issue: quality of feedstock

Chemical, biologicaland physical

contamination of thefeedstock is to beavoided to secureboth biogas yieldand digestate quality


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How to design Anaerobic Digestion?


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First questions when designing AD


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The reactor feeding system is key to successful AD


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Simplified Anaerobic Digestion


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Single Phase Wet Anaerobic Digestion Process


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SEMI DRY

DIGESTION

horizontaldigester with

horizontalpaddle stirrer


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Batch Anaerobic Digestion Processes


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Dry Batch AD (Weiland, Rieger, Ehrmann, 2003)


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Biogas power plant: Accumulation Continuous Flow (ACF)

Source: German Biogas Association


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Completely stirred (CSTR), thermally isolated wet AD(thermophilic/mesophilic)

(source: Thoni)


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Now or never: a look inside the digestor


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Biogas: a good alternative to natural gas


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Different options forbiogas utilisation


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Combined Heat & Power production:The State of the Art for biogas utilisation


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A closer look to a CHP set


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Whereas mineralnutrients prevail in thedigestate

Organic nutrients prevailin the input feedstock

The fertilizing properties of the digestate


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Raw digestatefrom AD

Liquidfraction

Fibrousfraction

Digestate management starts with solid-liquid separation


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DigestateS-Lseparationselectively

partitionsorganic andmineralnutrients


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Keyeconomicelements

of abiogasproject


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60 kWe biogas plant in Reggio Emilia, Italy


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60 kWe biogasplant in Reggio

Emilia, Italy

Cow manure

1387 ton/y - 27% TSCow slurry

3285 ton/y - 7% TS

Maize silage

438 ton/y - 38% TS

STORAGE, PRE-TREATMENTS, MIXING

Biodegradable feedstock5110 ton/y 14,4% TS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

Digestate

4796 ton/y 8,8% TS

Raw biogas

314 ton/y 31 Ncm/h

BIOGAS CLEANING AND DRYING

Purified biogas

314 ton/y 31 Ncm/h

COGENERATION

Power

57 kW 456 MWh/y

Heat

117 kW 935 MWh/y

HEAT RECOVERY

Waste heat

12 kW 95 MWh/y

Recoverable heat

105 kW 840 MWh/y

Process power

16 kW 128 MWh/y

Dispatched power

41 kW 328 MWh/y

LIQUID/SOLID SEPARATION

Liquid digestate

3380 ton/y 2% TS

Solid digestate

1416 ton/y 25% TS

STORAGE STORAGE

SPREADING ON FARMLAND

5110 ton/y (14,4% TS)

271560 cm/y biogas (53 cm/ton)57 kWe (11 kWe per 1000 ton/y)117 kWe (23 kWt per 1000 ton/y)


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320 kWe biogas plant in Offlaga (BS), Italy


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Bovine manure527 ton/y - 27% TS

Bovine slurry3644 ton/y - 9% TS

Maize silage4800 ton/y - 32% TS


Biodegradable feedstock

13934 ton/y 17,4% TS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

Digestate

12392 ton/y 7,2% TS

Raw biogas

1542 ton/y 152 Ncm/h


Purified biogas


COGENERATION

Power

320 kW 2560 MWh/y

Heat

668 kW 5343 MWh/y

HEAT RECOVERY

Waste heat

118 kW 943 MWh/y

Recoverable heat

550 kW 4400 MWh/y

Process power

263 kW 458 MWh/y

Dispatched power

57 kW 2102 MWh/y


Liquid digestate

9021 ton/y 2% TS

Solid digestate

3370 ton/y 25% TS

STORAGE STORAGE

SPREADING ON FARMLAND

Swine manure1374 ton/y - 23% TS

Swine slurry3589 ton/y - 3% TS

320 kWe biogasplant in Offlaga

(BS), Italy

13934 ton/y (17,4% TS)



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990 kWe biogas plant in Fossano (CN), Italy


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Agro-food industry sludges5000 ton/y - 18% TS

Organic household wastes27000 ton/y - 23% TS

Agro-food industry waste3000 ton/y - 18% TS


Biodegradable feedstock

54700 ton/y 11,7% TS

Liquid digestate24500 ton/y 0,5% TS

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

Digestate

52705 ton/y 3,8% TS

Raw biogas



Purified biogas


COGENERATION

Power

990 kW 7920 MWh/y

Heat

1632 kW 13056 MWh/y

HEAT RECOVERY

Waste heat

819 kW 9104 MWh/y

Process heat

813 kW 3952 MWh/y

Process power

705 kW 2611 MWh/y

Dispatched power

805 kW 7139 MWh/y


Liquid digestate

32984 ton/y 0,5% TS

Solid digestate

22615 ton/y 20% TS

COMPOSTING

Compost

24455 ton/y 50% TS

Municipal sewage sludge

5000 ton/y 18% TS

Woody waste

20000 ton/y 65% TS

Process loss

990 kWe biogas plantin Fossano (CN), Italy

54700 ton/y (11,7% TS)


Massimo CALZATI


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A SOLUTION PARTNERSHIP FOR PROJECT DESIGN AND DEVLOPMENT OF BIOMAS & SOLAR

WE CAN HELP MAKING A BETTER WORLD

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!!

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