2014 IEEE 8th International PowerEngineering and Optimization Conference

(PEOCO2014)

Abstract

1.Application of Interleaved BridgelessBoost PFC Converter without Current

SensingNaci Genc (Yuzuncu Yil University, Turkey); Ires Iskender (Gazi University, Engineering Faculty,

Turkey); Mehmet Ali Celik (Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Turkey)

Abstract – Interleaved bridgeless boost power factor correction (PFC) converter based on predictive control method withoutany current sensing is presented in this paper. Complicated control strategies including current sensing are used to obtainproper current sharing and current ripple minimization for interleaved type PFC converters which are more suitable than theconventional type PFC converters by virtue of the improving power rating and reducing input current ripple. The proposedpredictive control method doesn't need to sample any current signals, only the samplings of the input voltage and the outputvoltage are required. The input current of the converter is computed based on the input and output voltages according to theswitching operations. The duty cycle for next switching is predicted by using reference current signal obtained from thevoltage loop compensator, computed input current and converter parameters. A prototype of interleaved bridgeless boostPFC converter controlled by a digital signal processor (DSP) board was established to show the related results.

2.Maximum Power Point Tracking forStand-Alone Photovoltaic System Using

Evolutionary ProgrammingNorazlan Hashim (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Zainal Salam (Universiti Teknologi

Malaysia, Malaysia); Shahrin Md. Ayob (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia)

Abstract – This paper presents Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm for stand-alone Photovoltaic (PV) systemusing Evolutionary Programming (EP) method. The EP has not been used for this system before, thus this work can beconsidered as new. The basic idea of applying EP for stand-alone PV System based MPPT is given. Simulation of PVsystem is carried out using Matlab/Simulink environment. In particular, the partial shading condition is addressed. Toevaluate the accuracy of the algorithm, two statistical analysis namely; mean absolute error (MAE) and standard deviation(STD) have been carried out. The results are compared with MPPT using the Genetic Algorithm (GA). It was found that EPhas a much better convergence speed, tracking accuracy and higher robustness compared to GA.

3.Development of Thermal BarrierCoating System with anMoSi2 withSuperior Thermal Cyclic Properties

Keiji Sonoya (University of Yamanashi, Japan); Masanobu Nakamura (University of Yamanashi,Japan); Masashi Sekine (University of Yamanashi, Japan)

Abstract – The authors have developed a successful method for improving the thermal cyclic resistance of the thermal barriercoating system that is deposited on gas turbine components. Conventional thermal barrier coating consists of duplexsystems, top coating and bond coating. The developed system introduces a protective intermediate layer of MoSi2 forpreventing oxidation of the bond coating. Conventional duplex plasma sprayed coating was delaminated after 20 thermalcycles. On the other hand the developed triple layered coating system was not delaminated up to 60 cycles. The reason forthe enhanced resistance to thermal cycle of the developed triple layered coating system is that the MoSi2 layer existingbetween the top coating and the bond coating has the self-repairing property. Here, MoSi2 oxidizes to form SiO2 which sealsthe cracks and pores formed between the top coating and the bond coating. Thus, the formation of TGO which leads tocoating delamination is prevented and the thermal cyclic resistance is improved.

4.Voltage and Current Detectors forSeries Arc in Low Voltage Switchboard

Lee Choo Kuan (MMU, Malaysia); Yan Ngee Khaw (MMU, Malaysia)

Abstract – Most of the arc fault in low voltage switchboard starts at the joint. This paper presents the voltage and currentdetectors for series arc in low voltage switchboard. The voltage detector is designed based on the voltage drop at the jointduring the series arc. The fact that non-linear loads will produce harmonics and the harmonic contents at the point ofcoupling will vary from time to time make it difficult to detect arc in frequency domain. Therefore, the current detector isdesigned based on the shoulder and asymmetry properties of the arc fault current in time domain. Various arc models areinvestigated and the suitable models are implemented. The simulation result reveals that the circuit breaker is able to isolatethe main supply from the load when all the relays from the detectors are energized in order to avoid the possibility of arcflash.

5.Stability Enhancement of a Multi-AreaPower System with Unified Power Flow

ControllerAbin Johns Raju (Jyothi Engineering College, India); Jose Therattil (Jyothi Engineering College,

India)

Abstract – In this research work, to empower more sophisticated control design, a new approach to build a nonlineardynamic model of the power system is introduced. The proposed advancement is a complementary scheme of solving thedifferential-algebraic equations; for which achieving the control design has always been a challenge. For the proposedtechnique a relevant Lyapunov function is defined to derive the control signal. A back stepping methodology for the UPFCis used to mitigate the generator oscillations developing from perturbation like three-phase short circuit to ground fault.Simulation results on multi-area power systems illustrate the effectiveness of the suggested method.

6.A Comparison of Voltage StabilityIndices

Nur'Ain Ismail (UTM Malaysia, Malaysia); Abdullah Asuhaimi Mohd Zin (Universiti TeknologiMalaysia, Malaysia); Azhar Khairuddin (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia); Suhail Khokhar

(Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University Technology Malaysia, Malaysia)

Abstract – The stressful condition of power system and high transmission losses leads to voltage security and reliabilityproblems of system operation. If the voltage stability is not assessed and the problems occurred are not mitigated properly,cascading events may occur and this may lead to voltage collapse or blackout events. Therefore, there is a need to assess thevoltage stability in order to detect the voltage collapse point and mitigate it when it occurs. This paper aims to compare fourexisting voltage stability index performance towards reactive and real power load changes. The performances are analyzedtheoretically, and using simulation on IEEE 30-bus test system. Total power loss is also observed for each case. Thecomparison shows that all indices are prone to either reactive or real load power changes only. None of the indices aresensitive towards both power loads changes. Meanwhile, the total power loss is mostly contributed by reactive power losses.

7.Detection and Classification ofInduction Motor Faults Using Motor

Current Signature Analysis andMultilayer Perceptron

Nur Aisyah Nordin (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Harapajan Singh (Universiti TeknologiMARA, Malaysia)

Abstract – Fault detection and classification of electrical motors is important in order to avoid unpredicted breakdown ofelectrical motors. The inherent failures due to unavoidable electrical stresses in motors results in motors experiencing statorfaults, rotor faults and unbalanced voltage faults. If these faults are not identified in the early stage, it may becomecatastrophic to the operation of the motor. In this paper, the detection and classification of induction motor faults due toelectrical related failure using Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA) and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural networkis proposed. Data collection of current signal of motors with different fault conditions is carried out by using laboratoryexperiments. The data collected which consists of the three phase stator current signal in different motor fault conditions isanalysed using motor current signature analysis (MCSA) method. Power spectral density (PSD) method is then utilized toextract three phase stator current signals to obtain the frequency spectrum of stator currents via Fast Fourier Transform(FFT) as the data input which is fed into the MLP neural network classifier. As it is important to choose proper trainingalgorithm for training the MLP neural network, therefore six different MLP neural network training algorithms are comparedin terms of their accuracy, mean square error (MSE), number of iterations and training time.

8.Wireless Power Transfer for ElectricVehicle

Syamil Sabki (Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Malaysia); Nadia Tan (Universiti Tenaga Nasional,Malaysia)

Abstract – In this paper, a review of existing wireless power transfer solutions used in electric vehicle battery charger areprovided. The different levels of battery charger are discussed based on the recommended practice by SAE J-113. Theconcept for each solution is reviewed and evaluated considering the performance of battery charger, power electroniclimitations and the circuit topologies. Furthermore, the credits and disadvantages of the wireless power transfer technologies,compensation and power electronics requirement for electric vehicle are discussed and compared in detail. Finally, aproposed circuit topology for resonant inductive wireless charging is presented.

9.Optimization Mechanism Applicable toAbnormal Combustion Techniques forHydrogen-fuelled Internal Combustion

EnginesRashmi Hegde (Sir M. Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, India); Vijaya Bhaskara Rao Mullapudy

(Sir M. Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, India)

Abstract – Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines are being reckoned to meet the challenges as environment-friendlyvehicles, for the development of novel Internal Combustion (I.C) engines in controlling injection during the performance ofvehicles. One among the challenges faced in the development of hydrogen I.C. engines, the foremost is the technology toestablish abnormal combustion conditions. This enforces several experimental measures which are underway to assess,reduce and control the abnormal combustion conditions like surface ignition, pre-ignition, backfire and engine 'knock'.However, these results do not guarantee the complete elimination of prevailed unwarranted auto-ignition occurrences. Thebasic research concepts studied are to detect an abnormal combustion, at the initial stages and cut off the fuel supply to theengine to prevent any damage or hazard. A typical sensor is attached to the spark-ignition of the engine, which sends a signalto the Engine Control Unit whenever the vehicle is started. Induction of a piezoelectric sensor senses the start of combustionand sends the signal to the Control Unit. The Control system receives and compares both the signals confirming the status ofnormal functioning of combustion. If the Control Unit detects, and monitors, identifying the presence of an abnormalcombustion, by sending a signal to the actuators to stop the fuel supply to the engine, quenching the abnormal combustion inhydrogen I.C. engine. This paper supplements a critical, an innovative, concept on the design of Control Unit underabnormal combustion conditions.

10. The Scheduling Risk of LosslessShift Factors in the ISO Energy Market

and Its ResolutionEdward Lo (California ISO, USA); Qin Zhou (Accenture, P.R. China)

Abstract – This paper presents the scheduling risk of Independent System Operators in using the DC-based shift factor inmodeling transmission constraints in its market optimization model while the incremental transmission losses are onlyaccounted for in the power balancing constraint. Because of the inconsistency in incremental loss modeling, the effectivenessof resource adjustment in resolving transmission congestion is subject to distortion from a full lossy modeling. Under thecondition that abundant effective adjustments are available, the distortion effect on the MW solution is minimal. However,when effective adjustment is exhausted, the distortion effect could give rise to false adjustments that have no real effect inresolving transmission congestion, posing a system reliability issue. The paper proposes the use of AC-based shift factor inthe market optimization model to avoid the false adjustments between resources in market resolution.

11. Fault Signal Propagation in aNetwork of Distributed Motors

Saud Altaf (Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand); Adnan Al-Anbuky (AUT University,New Zealand); Hamid GholamHosseini (Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand)

Abstract – Industrial environment usually contains multiple motors that are supplied through a common power bus. Thepower line acts as a good conducting environment for signals to travel through the power network. In effect, this influencesother motors with noisy signals that may indicate a fault condition. Further complexity arises when signals are generated bymotors with different power ratings, a different slip speed and more than one source of fault signals. This sort of complexityand mixing among signals from multiple sources makes them difficult to measure and precisely correlate to a given machineor fault. In this research, a power network model for induction motors is presented. This model accommodates the signalattenuation factor when it is disseminated along the bus. It also allows for system configuration of motor characteristics andfault injection. It is expected that this simulation model will facilitate the environment for testing sensor networks and datafusion approaches that facilitates better intelligence for fault identification and localization.

12. Temperature Increment in HighVoltage Copper Conductor under

Various Applied Current WaveformsHazlee Azil Illias (University of Malaya, Malaysia); Hazlie Mokhlis (Electrical Engineering

Department, Malaysia); A. B. Halim Abu Bakar (University of Malaya, Malaysia)

Abstract – Temperature increment in high voltage copper conductors is one of the important parameters that needs to bemonitored continuously. This is due to significant temperature rise in the conductor may lead to thermal breakdown, whichconsequently causing power outage. One of the factors affecting temperature rise in conductors is the applied voltagewaveform. In this work, simulation of temperature increment in high voltage conductors under different applied voltagewaveform was performed using finite element analysis (FEA) software. From the simulation results, applied voltagewaveform which yields the highest temperature increment in high voltage conductors can be identified, which are DC andsquare waveforms. Triangular waveform yields the lowest temperature increment in the conductor. The results from thiswork may increase an understanding about heat transfer under different applied current or voltage waveform.

13. Performance Analysis and Study ofEconomic Feasibility of Biomass-Coal

Co-fired Power SystemShaon Ahmed (University Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia); Mohd Abdur Rashid (Universiti Sultan Zainal

Abidin, Malaysia); Shamshul Bahar (University Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia); Adawati Yusof(University Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia); Niloy Chandra Saha (Khulna University of Engineering &

Technology, Malaysia)

Abstract – is no secret that power generation using clean, secure, reliable and affordable renewable sources can help thecountries to meet their sustainable development goals. Such programs have already joined the mainstream power supplysystem in most part of the world. However in the third world biomass plants are most suitable as standalone system sincethese countries have waste management issues. In this paper the technical and economical characterization of biomassresources, its preparation and storage is examined. For technical analysis gasification technology and biomass feed stock andconversion ratio is considered. In case of economical examination Levelized cost of electricity generation and energy usagefactor is assumed to be the dictating aspect.

14. Coordination of Short -TermMaintenance Scheduling with Hourly

Security-Constrained Unit CommitmentSiti Maherah Hussin, SMH (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia); Mohammad Yusri Hassan

(University of Technology Malaysia(UTM), Malaysia)

Abstract – This paper presents a coordination of maintenance scheduling and hourly security-constrained unit commitmentby using a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation. The objective is to minimize the overall operating costincluding of production cost, maintenance cost as well as start-up and shut-down cost. MILP continuous time slot basedmodel has been proposed, which is able to schedule the both unit commitment and unit maintenance simultaneously, in one-step optimization. Various constraints composed of operation and maintenance constraints are being taken into account. In acase study, using six-bus system, detailed analysis has been performed to evaluate the proposed strategy. The solution isobtained with the aid of CPLEX optimizer, which employed branch and bound and cut method.

15. Analysis of Influential Factors inDetermining Very Fast TransientOvervoltages of GIS Substations

Maziar Babaei (Semnan University, Iran); Mehdi Babaei (Faraniroo Company, Iran); GhasemNourirad (Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia)

Abstract – This paper focuses on the way of implementation of transient modeling concepts fully analyzed in referredstandards, for the purpose of analyzing the overvoltages caused by operation of disconnecting switches in a Gas InsulatedSubstation (GIS). Overvoltage caused by disconnecting switch in GIS called Very Fast Transients Overvoltage (VFTO)belongs to highest frequency range from 100 kHz up to 50 MHz in power systems. In this study, the effects of severalparameters that influence on VFTO amplitude have been discussed. The focus of this paper is on the VFTO study of "Siah-bishe" power plant 400kV GIS substation. The study was carried out by modeling all pieces of equipment in EMTP-RV andcareful consideration of different modeling guidelines and instructions described in available standards.

16. Single Pole Automatic ReclosingNear 500 kV Generation Bus Through

Negative Sequence Current StudiesAhmad Zuhdi Muhamad Zamani (Tenaga Nasional Berhad, Malaysia); Sazali P. Abdul Karim

(Tenaga Nasional Berhad, Malaysia); Ahmad Ramli (Universiti Tenga Nasional, Malaysia)

Abstract – Single pole switching operation where only the faulted phase of a three phase power is opened will enable the twoenergized phases to continue carrying power during the period of interruption. This is crucial especially for 500 kVtransmission lines to maintain the stability of the power grid. However, single pole switching operation also introduces asignificant risk for nearby turbine generators during the dead time by injecting substantial negative sequence current. It willconsequently cause two problems to the turbine generator which are overheating on rotor field winding and risk of damagingthe blade due to blade torque amplification. This paper aims to assess the risk of single pole switching operation on turbinegenerators connected to 500 kV transmission lines in Peninsular Malaysia.

17. Solving Economic DispatchProblems Utilizing Cuckoo Search

AlgorithmMohd Herwan Sulaiman (Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia); Mohd Rusllim Mohamed

(Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia)

Abstract – This paper presents one of the latest nature-inspired meta-heuristics algorithms, namely Cuckoo Search (CS)algorithm to solve economic dispatch (ED) problems in power system. In order to obtain as close as to practical system, theeffect of valve-loading effects together with the other constraints such as ramp rate limits, prohibited operating zones as wellas generators operating limits have been taken into consideration in solving the most complex optimization problem. Toshow the effectiveness of proposed CS in solving ED problem, two test systems are utilized: TAIPOWER 40-units and 15-units systems and then the performance of proposed CS will be compared to the other recent techniques.

18. Application of LSSVM by ABC inEnergy Commodity Forecasting

Zuriani Mustaffa (Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia); Yuhanis Yusof (Universiti Utara Malaysia,Malaysia); Siti Sakira Kamaruddin (Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia)

Abstract – The importance of the hyper parameters selection for a kernel-based algorithm, viz. Least Squares Support VectorMachines (LSSVM) has been a critical concern in literature. In order to meet the requirement, this work utilizes a variant ofArtificial Bee Colony (known as mABC) for hyper parameters selection of LSSVM. The mABC contributes in theexploitation process of the artificial bees and is based on Levy mutation. Realized in crude oil price forecasting, theperformance of mABC-LSSVM is guided based on Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Root Mean Square Error(RMSPE) and compared against the standard ABC-LSSVM and LSSVM optimized by Genetic Algorithm. Empirical resultssuggested that the mABC-LSSVM is superior than the chosen benchmark algorithms.

19. DG Sizing and DNR Based onREPSO for Power Losses Reduction

Mohamad Fani Sulaima (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia); Nur Faziera Napis(Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia); Mohd Khanapiah Nor (Universiti Teknikal

Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia); Wardiah Mohd Dahalan Wardiah (University of Malaya, Malaysia);Hazlie Mokhlis (Electrical Engineering Department, Malaysia)

Abstract – The detrimental of losses in network can be solved by using Distribution Network Reconfiguration (DNR) andsizing the Distribution Generation (DG) concurrently. In determining the optimal sizing of DG and identifying the switchingoperation plan for network reconfiguration, an optimization method which is called as Rank Evolutionary Particle Swarm(REPSO) will be introduced. The main objectives of this paper are to minimize the total power losses in a radial distributionnetwork and to find the most accurate and acceptable size of DG. A comprehensive performance analysis will be carried outon IEEE-33 bus system to show the effectiveness of the REPSO over conventional PSO and hybridization EPSO method.The reliability of proposed method will hope to help the power system engineer in reducing the distribution feeder losses andimprove system security in the future.

20. Short Circuit Power Based FaultLocation Algorithm in Distribution

NetworksPayam Farzan (University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia); Mahdi Izadi (University Putra

Malaysia, Malaysia); Chandima Gomes (Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia); Mohd Zainal AbidinAb Kadir (Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia); Mohammad Hesam Hesamian (Universiti Putra

Malaysia, Malaysia); Mohd Amran Mohd Radzi (Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia)

Abstract – This paper presents a novel accurate fault location technique for the radial unbalanced distribution systems, basedon measuring the Short Circuit Power (S/C.P) peak values at the substation. To evaluate the gathered dataset, a Multi-LayerFeed Forward Neural Network (ML-FFNN) with the tuned parameters is designed and the locations of faults are estimated inlow, medium and far distances from the source. The estimated distances are compared with the real fault locations to showthe accuracy of estimations. The proposed method can work with the small scale dataset and it is capable of implementing indistribution systems with several laterals

21. A New Vector Draft Method forHarmonic Source Detection at Point of

Common CouplingAbdul Rahim Abdullah (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia); Zai Peng Goh (UTeM,Malaysia); Sharin Ab Ghani (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia); Mohd Hatta Jopri

(Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia)

Abstract – In modern power networks, the issue of electrical Power Quality (PQ) is becoming very important because theincreasing of load which is sensitive to current disturbance. This is mainly due to the increasing use of non-linear powerelectronic devices that draws not sinusoidal current and creating a current distortion. As a result there is an increasing needfor PQ to be monitored to establish the type, sources and locations of PQ disturbances, allowing remedial measures to betaken. Consequently, harmonic is one of the most concerned power quality disturbances. The detection of harmonic source isnecessary for power quality strategy development. This paper introduces a new single-point measurement method toestimate the harmonic source by using phase spectrogram (PS) and frequency spectrogram (FS) based on a vector draftmethod. A measurement at the point of common coupling (PCC) with harmonic distortion is done by simulation via PSCAD.Then PSCAD's data are analyzed by using spectrogram in MATLAB. To be precise, voltage and current waveforms arenormalized with fundamental magnitude respectively. Then normalized voltage and current are plotted on the vector draftand estimate the perpendicular point between the vectors. The center point of the normalized voltage is the boundarybetween downstream and upstream. The harmonic source can be detected base on the perpendicular point's location that fallon the particular region. To validate the proposed method, the comparison between actual and power direction result havebeen conducted. Finally, the proposed method is similar with the actual result and more truthful than power directionmethod.

22. Optimal Hybrid Renewable-BasedDistributed Generation System with

Feed-in Tariffs and Ranking TechniqueSsennoga Twaha (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Saudi Arabia); Zakariya Al-Hamouz (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Saudi Arabia); Muhammad Usman

Mukhtiar (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract – Renewable-based distributed generation (DG) systems present tremendous benefits when operated in an optimalmanner. The benefits include among others, reduced transmission losses, increase in renewable energy penetration (REP),reduced emission levels. The purpose of this research is to determine the optimal hybrid renewable-based DG system withfeed-in tariffs. We compared grid-connected wind/hydro/diesel with storage, grid-connected wind/hydro/PV with storage,grid- connected hydro/PV with storage and grid-only systems. A new transmission capacity burden index has beenintroduced to indicate the extent at which the transmission line is loaded in the DG environment. The systems have beencompared in terms of net present cost (NPC), emission cost, profit to the DG operator and REP levels. HOMER software hasbeen employed as the first stage optimization tool. An optimality ranking technique has been used as the second stageoptimization technique. Results indicate that grid-only system is the optimal solution in the first stage optimization, in termsof least NPC and reduced cost of energy. However after the second stage optimization, although a purely renewable basedDG system contributes relatively less energy to grid compared to a diesel based system, it is considered the optimal system.Such systems are very paramount to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) which has the energy supply dominated by fossilfuels. If such optimal systems are implemented, KSA can contribute to the world's call to reduce greenhouse gasses inaddition to reducing dependence on nonrenewable resources.

23. Screening the Sensitivity of LeastSquare Algorithm Implemented in

Digital Protective RelaysMohammad Nizam Ibrahim (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Ali Othman (UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia); Irni Hamiza Hamzah (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Abstract – Fault in the transmission line network initiates a number of unpredictable parameters. These parameters influencethe Least Square Algorithm (LSA) implemented in digital protective relays for estimating fundamental frequency phasor.The sensitivity analysis method is applied for analyzing the degree of influential parameters since the investigatedparameters are unpredictable. The Morris sensitivity analysis method is selected to screen input unpredictable parameters toidentify the high influential parameters, also known as important parameters, on the LSA output. The result of this Morrismethod identifies three important parameters namely: the amplitude of the decaying DC offset and its time constant, as wellas the fundamental frequency variation.

24. Prospect of Wave Energy inMalaysia

Nahidul Samrat (University of Malaya, Malaysia); Norhafizan Ahmad (University of Malaya,Malaysia)

Abstract – In developing country like Malaysia, the demand for electricity is expected to rise with increasing urbanizationand rapid industrialization. Currently energy production is mainly dependent on fossil fuel but in the near future fossil fuelswill not be sustainable because of the depletion of existing reserves and their impact on the environment. Wave energy is anenvironmentally friendly and fastest growing renewable energy source for a sustainable electrical power generation of thefuture. Unlike others renewable energy resources, wave energy can produce electric power all over the year. As Malaysia hasa total coastline of 4,675 kilometers so there is a great potential for utilization of wave energy in Malaysia especially alongthe coast and the islands. This paper presents a feasibility study of wave energy at different locations in Malaysia includingthe estimation of the total power available from the seas surroundings Malaysia. Furthermore, the analysis of investment,operation and maintenance cost for a wave farm is also presented.

25. Probabilistic Analysis of SolarPhotovoltaic Output Based on Historical

DataNadiah Amalina Zulkifli (Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Malaysia); Noor Miza Muhamad Razali

(Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Malaysia)

Abstract – Solar photovoltaic (PV) is one of the favorable renewable energy sources since it is considered environmentallyfriendly. Yet it is still at the infancy stage due to the high cost of PV cells. Furthermore, the PV output is dependent on thesolar radiation intermittency and the location of installation. This paper presents a probabilistic analysis of a hypotheticalsolar photovoltaic system in Peninsular Malaysia. From the recorded meteorological data, an analysis of the probabilisticdistribution function of the hourly solar radiation is carried out. A comparison has been made between two differentlocations in order to analyse their characteristics by using meteorological data of KLIA Sepang and Kuala TerengganuAirport. This paper adopts a method considering a multi-state model instead of two-state model which is used for modelingconventional generator to cater for the intermittency of solar radiation. A linear rounding method is recommended forsimplification of the multi-state model for effective computation. The results show that based on irradiance data inPeninsular Malaysia, development of microgrid containing solar photovoltaic power system has a good potential for furtherdevelopment.

26. Design Study of Single Phase Outer-rotor Hybrid Excitation Flux Switching

Motor for Hybrid Electric VehiclesMubin Aizat (Universiti Tun Hussien Onn Malaysia, Malaysia); Erwan Sulaiman (Universiti Tun

Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia)

Abstract – In electric machine, there are several types that are practical for EVs. Based on the exhaustive review on state ofthe art of electric-propulsion systems, it is observed that investigations on the cage IMs and the PMSMs are highly dominant,whereas those on dc motors are decreasing but SRMs are gaining much interest. However, most of commercial EV includingthese types of motors used single motor and transmission gears coupled to the wheels. This system leads to the transmissionlosses and reduce the efficiency and reliability of the motor. Therefore, in-wheel direct drive mechanism is introduced toovercome this problem. In-wheel direct drive eliminates the mechanical transmission, differential gears and drive belts.Thus, in-wheel direct drive provides quick torque response, higher efficiency, weight reduction, and increased vehicle space.As one of alternative, a new design of hybrid excitation flux switching motor (ORHEFSM) for in-wheel drive EV isproposed. In this paper, the design optimization of single-phase 8S-4P outer-rotor HEFSM is presented. Initially, designprocedures of the HEFSM including parts drawing, materials and conditions setting, and properties setting are explained.Then, coil arrangement tests are examined to confirm the machine operating principle and position of each armature coilphase. Finally, flux comparison of PM, DC FEC and PM with DC FEC, flux linkage at various FEC current densities, JE,flux distribution and flux line of PM with FEC, cogging torque, Induced voltage/ back EMF of PM, DC FEC and PM withDC FEC, Combination of FEC and Armature Coil Flux Characteristic (FEC + Armature Coil), and torque and power versusFEC current density, JE at various armature coil current densities, JA are also analyzed. As a result, the performance of theimproved design motor shows that the maximum torque achieved is 96.8% of the target performance, whereas the maximumpower has achieved 56.3 kW which is greater than the target value. Thus, by further design refinement and optimization it isexpected that the motor will successfully achieve the target performances.

27. Design Studies and Effect of VariousRotor Pole Number of Field Excitation

Flux Switching Motor for HybridElectric Vehicle Applications

Zhafir Aizat (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia); Erwan Sulaiman (Universiti TunHussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia)

Abstract – A new structure of field excitation flux switching motor (FEFSM) as an alternative candidate of non-PermanentMagnet (PM) machine for HEV drives is presented in this paper. Design principles and initial performances of the proposedmotor at various rotor pole numbers with 12 stator slots are demonstrated. Initially, the coil arrangement tests are examinedto validate the operating principle of the motor and to certify the zero rotor position. Furthermore, the profile of flux linkage,induced voltage, cogging torque, torque and power characteristics are observed based on 2D- finite element analysis (FEA).The results obtained show that the appropriate combination of stator slot-rotor pole configurations are 12S-10P and 12S-14Pwhich initially provide lowest cogging torque, highest power and torque with sinusoidal back-emf waveforms. Therefore, byfurther design modification and optimization it is expected that the low cost motor will successfully achieved the targetperformances.

28. Optimization of NLDMOS Structurefor Higher Breakdown Voltage and

Lower On-ResistanceHema Eraganahalli Puttaswamy (Asia University, Taiwan); Gene Sheu (Asia University, Taiwan);Aryadeep Mrinal (Asia University, Taiwan); Erry Dwi Kurniawan (Asia University, Taiwan); ShaoMing Yang (ASIA University, Taiwan); Po-An Chen (Nuvoton Technology Corporation, Taiwan)

Abstract – In this work, high voltage NLDMOS performance in terms of high blocking voltage and On-Resistance have beeninvestigated. In order to obtain the optimum electrical performance several key factors have been optimized such as linearityof HVNW profile, drift length and source field plate. Linear HVNW profile is obtained by linearity of HVNW mask.NLDMOS having blocking voltage of 100 V - 300 V and lower On-resistance is developed with less manufacturing cost. Itis investigated that NLDMOS has poor performance over blocking voltage of 300V.

29. Advanced Modeling and Control ofa Power System with U P F C

Abraham Pollayil Alexander (Jyothi Engineering College, India); Jose Therattil (Jyothi EngineeringCollege, India)

Abstract – Conventional trend has been to represent a power system in terms of both, differential and algebraic equations. Asystem being modelled by purely differential equations are favourable for enhanced control design. In this paper an approachto develop a nonlinear dynamic representation of the single machine-infinite bus power network with UPFC as a stabilizingdevice is undertaken. Once the dynamic representation is achieved, a new method for control design is explained. Thenonlinear control law is developed using back stepping methodology. Simulation results on a single machine power systemillustrate the effectiveness of the suggested method.

30. Evaluating and Derating of Three-Phase Distribution Transformer Under

Unbalanced Voltage and UnbalanceLoad Using Finite Element Method

Atabak Najafi (Gazi, Turkey); Ires Iskender (Gazi, Turkey); Naci Genc (Yuzuncu Yil University,Turkey)

Abstract – Power transformers illustrate the majority of capital investment in transmission and distribution centers.Additionally, interruptions of power transformer have a significant economic Effects on the Performance of an electricalnetwork. For this reason , the safe and reliable Performance relate directly to the Security and stability of power system. Thispaper studies the increase of losses and Derating of Distribution transformer working under asymmetry voltage andasymmetry load conditions. In this paper, the three and two dimensional finite element method (3-D and 2_D FEM) isutilized as a Instruments for viewing magnetic fields of distribution transformers. The Performance of the transformer whenthe load and supply are balanced compared to the case in which voltage or load is asymmetric , demonstrate that, theunbalanced voltage Causes increase in the both copper loss and core loss, while unbalanced load only causes increase in thecopper loss. In order to measure the asymmetry diffusion, the index of voltage asymmetry factor are used . In this paper ,The computer simulation According to the use of the FEM has been improved in Ansoft - Maxwell programmingenvironment

31. Modelling of Lightning Current inthe Case of Striking to a Tall Structure

Norhidayu Rameli (Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia); Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir (UniversitiPutra Malaysia, Malaysia); Mahdi Izadi (University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia); Syahrun Nizam Md

Arshad Hashim (Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia); Nasyrah Abdul Rahim (University PutraMalaysia, Malaysia)

Abstract – Lightning current is an important parameter that has to be considered. The different behaviour of lightning currentdepends on the way the lightning strikes either as a direct or indirect lightning strike. In this paper the modelling of thecurrent as a result of a direct strike of lightning on a tall structure is considered. A few of up-to-date on current models,current functions, reflection factors, the return stroke velocity, the general equation representation of this case are reviewed.Also, through MATLAB software, the results of a case study are generated. The results show a good agreement with themeasured values. In addition, the behaviour of the lightning current is evaluated at different heights of the lightning channelwith respect to the top and bottom of a tall structure. Also, the lightning current at the top and bottom of the tall structure areobserved for different values of the reflection factor. The results show that the peak of the lightning current along differentheights of the channel with respect to the top and bottom of a tall structure decreases with increasing height of the channel.Also there is a time delay during the initial time period. Furthermore, the lightning current at the bottom of a tall structurehas a high value of peak current and has an attenuation wave shape of current that compares with the lightning current at thetop of the tall structure. As a result, this paper may provide benefit in evaluating the electromagnetic field since thebehaviour of the lightning current on a tall structure is known.

32. Dynamic Model of DistributionNetwork Cell Using Artificial

Intelligence ApproachNoor Fazliana Fadzail (University Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia); Samila Mat Zali (Universiti Malaysia

Perlis, Malaysia); Arizadayana Zahalan (Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia)

Abstract – The aim of this project is to develop a dynamic model of distribution network cell (DNC) using artificialintelligence approach. The increasing number of distributed generation (DG) technology has lead to difficulty in modelingthe DNC model. The simple load modeling is no longer reliable in presenting the DNC model. In this project, the equivalentdynamic model of DNC consists of the converter-connected generator and the composite load model. The model wasdeveloped in the form of seven order state-space model. The parameter estimation of the model was developed using fuzzysystem. The parameter value was updated through adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The active and reactivepower response from the fuzzy model was compared with the response from the full DNC model at various type ofdisturbance. The response of full DNC model was obtained from the UK 11 kV distribution network model. The model wasbuilt in DigSILENT PowerFactory software. The performance of the fuzzy model was validated by calculating the value ofroot means square error (RMSE) and the best fit value. Later, the performance of the fuzzy model was also compare with thesystem identification model. The results obtained shown that the fuzzy model was more simple as only a few parametersinvolved in developing the equivalent model. This simplicity was reflected in the low computational time. The efficiencywas also good based on the low RMSE value and high best fit value. In conclusion, the equivalent dynamic model of DNCbased on fuzzy system approach was successfully developed.

33. A Study of Interstitial Effect onUMOS Performance

Hema Eraganahalli Puttaswamy (Asia University, Taiwan); Gene Sheu (Asia University, Taiwan);Aryadeep Mrinal (Asia University, Taiwan); Shao Ming Yang (ASIA University, Taiwan)

Abstract – Threshold voltage shift is a major problem for UMOS device. This study explains how device performance can beaffected by silicon defects (interstitial and Vacancy). Interstitial may be induced by epitaxy process or trench process.Interstitial enhances the dopant diffusion. Based on the experiment interstitial distribution is different for different diffusionmodel and shows shift in the threshold voltage for different interstitial distribution.

34. Comparative Study of HeuristicAlgorithm ABC and GA Considering

VPI for Network ReconfigurationMohamad Fani Sulaima (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia); Mohd Fadhlan Mohamad(Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia); Mohamad Faizal Baharom (University Technical

Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia); Mohd Hafiz Jali (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia); WanMohd Bukhari W. Daud (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia)

Abstract – Distribution Network Reconfiguration (DNR) is an important part of power distribution automotive system. Inorder to improve the system security as well as minimize the power losses in the system; it can be done by considering aDNR with the superlative optimization method. This paper presents the comparison study of two heuristic methods whichare Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). Their performance and impact in terms of Voltage ProfileImprovement (VPI) and power loss in the network system are investigated. The effectiveness of both methods will be testedin an IEEE 33-bus system. The analysis of the results is hope to help the researchers in improving the voltage profile andexpands the system security in the future.

35. Improvement of Dynamic PowerSystem Stability by Installing UPFCBased on Fuzzy Logic Power System

Stabilizer (FLPSS)Arizadayana Zahalan (Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia); Muhammad Irwanto (Universiti

Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia); Noor Fazliana Fadzail (University Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia); NoorSyafawati Ahmad (UniMAP, Malaysia)

Abstract – Low-frequency oscillation is associated with dynamic power system stability. In this paper, the ability of powersystem to damp low-frequency oscillation is compared between the conventional system with PSS and system installed withUnified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) based on Fuzzy Logic Power System Stabilizer (FLPSS). Both models aredeveloped using linearized model of Phillips-Heffron Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) and simulated in MatlabSimulink. For UPFC, controller based on boosting modulation index converter (m_b) and excitation modulation indexconverter (m_e) have been designed using Single in Single Out (SISO) method. The change of rotor speed, rotor angle andelectrical power is investigated when power system is being perturbed by small disturbance. The results of this study showsthe improvement of dynamic power system stability using the designed model by damping low-frequency oscillation withless overshoot and shorter settling time.

36. Wetting Characteristics for KraftPaper Immersed in Mineral andBiodegradable Insulation Oils

Abubakar Suleiman (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia); Nor Asiah Muhamad (UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, Malaysia); Nouruddeen Bashir (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia); FaridNazri (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia); Zainab Mohamad (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,

Malaysia)

Abstract – Moisture in power transformers are undesirable but yet unavoidable; hence necessitating its continuous study. Thekraft paper of the oil filled transformer absorbs much of its moisture from the insulation oil in which it is immersed. Thedielectric properties of the paper can be determined as a function of the wetting, penetration and saturation of the paper bythe aqueous liquid in the oil. This paper compares the absorption characteristics of aqueous substances into kraft paper intwo commercial insulation oils; palm based Palm Fatty Acid Ester (PFAE) biodegradable oil and petroleum based HyraxHypertrans mineral oil. Kraft paper thicknesses used in this study were varies from 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm. Test oilsamples are taken directly from drum given by the suppliers. The study result shows that substances absorbed by kraft paperimmersed in both insulation oils is dependent on paper thickness and chemical composition of the oils. The result shows that0.2 mm thick paper absorbs the same aqueous percentage from both insulation oils irrespective of their constituent moisturecontent while the substance absorbed in both the 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm thick papers immersed in PFAE is higher thatimmersed in Hyrax Hypertrans by about 1 %. It also shows that the rate of absorption reduces as the paper thicknessincreases. This concludes that irrespective of the high initial moisture content of PFAE being higher than that of HyraxHypertans, same aqueous substance is diffused into kraft paper.

37. Study of Different Spatial ChargeTrapping Distribution Effect on Off-

State Degradation At ElevatedTemperature in Power LDMOS

Erry Dwi Kurniawan (Asia University, Taiwan); Vivek Ningaraju (Asia University, Taiwan); GeneSheu (Asia University, Taiwan); Antonius Fran Yannu Pramudyo (Asia University, Taiwan); HemaEraganahalli Puttaswamy (Asia University, Taiwan); Shao Ming Yang (ASIA University, Taiwan);

Po-An Chen (Nuvoton Technology Corporation, Taiwan)

Abstract – Different spatial charge trapping distribution effect on off-state degradation in power LDMOS was studied.Electron trapping phenomena is thermally grown in silicon dioxide (SiO2). Due to charge can be trapped in the oxide, it canmake structural defects, oxidation-induced defects, impurities, or other defects caused by Si-O-bond breaking process. Thisprocess can increase leakage current and cause off-state breakdown degradation. Many research already discussed about thismechanism, but not too much described about the distribution of charge trap into SiO2. In this paper, the distribution ofcharge trap in SiO2 was studied in three different spatial charge distribution: Uniform, Gaussian, and Exponential usingSentaurus TCAD simulation software. This phenomena also studied at elevated temperature 150oC compare with roomtemperature.

38. Effects of the Presence of Insulatedand Non-Insulated Floating Electrodes

on Side FlashingGhasem Nourirad (Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia); Chandima Gomes (Universiti Putra

Malaysia, Malaysia); Mahdi Izadi (University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia); Siow Chun Lim (UniversitiPutra Malaysia, Malaysia); Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir (Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia)

Abstract – Metallic part would play an influential role in the case of probability of lightning strikes. An experimental studyhas been done to find out the effect of the presence of floating electrode on the body during thunderstorm. Although, it isclear that a small metal part on the body or in vicinity does not have effect during direct strike, the effects has been examinedonly in the case of side flashing. SPSS has been used to check the statistical significance of the probability. According to theresult, floating electrode may shorten the gap distance of the struck point and a human body thus increasing the probabilityof lightning side flashing. The test has been done covered floating electrode (insulated) as well. Thus, it is recommended toeither remove or isolate the metal parts during thunderstorm.

39. Real-Time Out-of-Step Protectionfor TNB System

Mohd Khairun Nizam Mohd Sarmin (TNB Research Sdn Bhd, Malaysia); Sheikh Kamar SheikhAbdullah (TNB Research Sdn. Bhd., Malaysia); Nik Sofizan Nik Yusuf (TNB, Malaysia); Worawat

Nakawiro (King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Thailand)

Abstract – Maintaining dynamic security of the power system subject to large disturbances is one of serious concerns ofpower utilities nowadays. Besides detection of the instability event, fast determination of emergency control is also veryimportant. This paper presents an application of artificial neural network (ANN) to find the automatic generator tripping atthe eastern corridor of the peninsular Malaysian power system. The database processed by the ANN is simulated based onreal measured data. The input features are selected by engineering judgments on the set of readily available data and nodimensionality reduction was used. The results obtained are encouraging. Thereby the potential integration of ANN to thereal-time application platform (RTAP) is being considered.

40. Estimation of High VoltageInsulator Contamination Using aCombined Image Processing and

Artificial Neural NetworksZakariya Al-Hamouz (King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Saudi Arabia); LuqmanSulyman Maraaba (Lecturer-B, Saudi Arabia); Hussain Al-Duwaish (King Fahd University of

Petroleum & Minerals, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract – In this paper, contamination level estimation tool for high voltage insulators has been developed. A digital camerahas been used to capture pictures. Image processing has been used to extract needed features form the captured images. Twotypes of features were considered. The first is "histogram based statistical feature" while the second is "singular valuedecomposition theorem based linear algebraic feature". Using extracted features, a neural network has been successfullydesigned to correlate the insulator captured image and the contamination level. Testing of the developed estimation toolshowed a very high successful rate in estimating the contamination level of unseen insulators. It is expected that a successfuldeployment of the developed tool will eliminate the need of human intervention in determining the time and location ofinsulators to be washed.

41. Study of Multi-Agent BasedDistributed Control for Distribution

System with Integration of DistributedGenerations

Xinhe Chen (State Grid Electric Power Research Institute, P.R. China); Chao Zhang (State GridElectric Power Research Institute, P.R. China); Wenbin Zhang (State Grid Electric Power Research

Institute, P.R. China); Jing Zhou (State Grid Electric Power Research Institute, P.R. China)

Abstract – In this paper, a distributed control method for distribution system with integration of distributed generations isproposed based on multi-agent system technology. Considering the requirement of voltage control and power factorcorrection, the distribution system voltage/var control model is built under the multi-agent system framework. To realizedistributed control, the voltage adjustment message is suggested to be forwarded to upstream bus agents while the reactivepower adjustment message forwarded to downstream bus agents. A width-first communication mechanism is proposed for abus agent to seek for assistance from the other bus agents. And the coordination control strategy and further the controlprocess are designed for distributed control coordination. The proposed voltage/var control method relies only on the localsensing information and the exchanged information from the neighboring bus agents. Voltage control case and power factorcorrection case are both executed by a distribution system example. The case studies results show that the proposed methodis effective in improving the voltage profile of the system and facilitating the development of the distributed generation.

42. Modeling of Flicker in WindTurbine on a Green Building Due to

Vertical Wind ShearDatta Chavan (Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University College of Engineering, Pune, India); Aditi

Rana (Army Institute of Technology, India); Mahal Raj Singh (Army Institute of Technology, Pune,India); Shridhar Deo (RMD Sinhgad School of Engineering, India); Parashuram Balwant Karandikar

(Pune University, India)

Abstract – Paper confers a newfangled empirical model to figure, flicker, instigated in the horizontal axis, upwind turbine,due to vertical wind shear, in continuous operation. Postulations, boundary curbs and limitations of the model are alsodepicted. In the proposed model, vertical wind shear, number of blades, blade length and tower height are echoed. Theelegance of the model is that, it is expedient to range of heights of buildings on which the turbine is sited. Substantiation ofmodel is carried out with comparative graphs revealed after fervent experimentation on a turbine in a tunnel with variousheights of models of buildings.

43. Computation of Flicker Due toVertical Wind Shear in a Wind Turbine

Sited on a Hill Using Wind TunnelDatta Chavan (Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University College of Engineering, Pune, India); MahalRaj Singh (Army Institute of Technology, Pune, India); Aditi Rana (Army Institute of Technology,

India); Shridhar Deo (RMD Sinhgad School of Engineering, India); Parashuram Balwant Karandikar(Pune University, India)

Abstract – The paper offers ins and outs of impact of various shapes of hills on vertical wind shear and consequently on theflicker produced in the wind turbine which is sited on that surface. This is realized in a laboratory wind tunnel with smallmodels of hills with diverse slopes and wind turbine. This paper imparts an empirical model to discover flicker in terms ofhill topography. The exquisiteness of the model is that, it is expedient to sundry types of hills on which the turbine is sited.Corroboration of projected model is carried out with comparative graphs revealed with readings recorded on a turbine intunnel.

44. The Application of Soft ComputingTechniques to Improve the Performanceof Maximum Power Point Tracker for

PV System During Partial ShadingZainal Salam (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia); Jubaer Ahmed (Universiti Teknologi

Malaysia, Malaysia)

Abstract – Partial shading is a phenomenon, whereby, certain spots of the photovoltaic (PV) array are shaded, while otherparts are left uniformly irradiated. It is caused by the shadow that originates from the obstruction of tall building, chimney,tree, telecom tower and utility power lines. Due to its significant influence in reducing the energy yield, partial shading hasattracted considerable interest--particularly for the building integrated PV (BIPV) system in urban areas. For large PV powerplant, the primary concern is shading due to the passing cloud. For economic and technological reasons, researchersconcentrate on maximizing the energy yield during partial shading by adding more intelligence to the maximum power pointtracking (MPPT) algorithm of the inverter. Improvement can be achieved in various ways, but recently, the soft computing(SC) techniques have been extensively applied to enhance the efficiency of the MPPT. In view of the growing importance ofthis issue, this keynote paper will deliberate on six important SC-based MPPT techniques proposed in literature. The maindiscussions will be on the technological aspects, merits/drawbacks and their comparative performance. It is envisaged thatthis paper would be a valuable reference source for those who require more information to design an improved MPPT fortheir inverters.

45. Coil Test Analysis of Wound-FieldThree-Phase Flux Switching Machinewith Non-overlapping Winding and

Salient RotorFaisal Khan (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia); Erwan Sulaiman (Universiti Tun

Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia); Md Zarafi Ahmad (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia,Malaysia)

Abstract – Topologies for three-phase salient rotor flux-switching machines having DC field winding are presented and coiltest analysis, peak armature flux linkage, cogging torque and induced emf are examined. Salient rotor is used to modulateand switch the polarity of the flux linkage in the armature winding and this is the basic principle of operation of these typesof machines. Non-overlapping winding and toothed-rotor are the clear advantages of these topologies as the copper lossesgets reduce and rotor becomes more robust. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is used to examine the three phase topologies.

46. Effects of Corona Ring Dimensionson the Electric Field Distribution on 132

kV Glass InsulatorHazlee Azil Illias (University of Malaya, Malaysia); Adel Hassanvand (University of Malaya,

Malaysia); Hazlie Mokhlis (Electrical Engineering Department, Malaysia); A. B. Halim Abu Bakar(University of Malaya, Malaysia)

Abstract – Insulator strings are extensively used in high voltage transmission lines in order to mechanically support the lineand as the electrical insulator between line and the tower. Due to the high intensity electric field, corona phenomenon maycause a complete failure of the insulator. Therefore, applying corona rings on insulator string is one of the most effectiveapproaches to decrease the effect of corona phenomenon, by reducing the electric field on the insulator string. This workstudied the effect of the dimensions of the corona ring on the intensity of the electric field distribution on 132 kV glassinsulator string type. From the results obtained, parameters of the corona ring that can affect the electric field can beidentified. The results may help in designing better corona ring that can reduce the electric field.

47. Availability of Household Loads toParticipate in Demand Response

Jose Pedro Iria (INESC Porto, Portugal); Filipe J. Soares (INESC Porto, Portugal); André GMadureira (INESC Porto, Portugal); Miguel Heleno (INESC TEC, Portugal)

Abstract – This paper proposes a novel method to characterize the availability of household loads to participate in demandresponse programmes, as well as detailed mathematical models to characterize household loads. The availability of thehouseholds results from the flexibility of their controllable loads to increase/reduce consumption. This flexibility iscalculated taking into account the comfort levels predefined by the customers and the technical restrictions of thecontrollable loads. The proposed method was evaluated through a management algorithm developed to perform demandcontrol actions in quasi-real-time, according to the objectives of the distribution system operator or energy aggregator andthe availability of the household loads. A scenario with a single household located in a semi-urban area is used to illustratethe application of the algorithm and validate the proposed method.

48. Agents for Fuzzy Indices ofReliability Power System with

Uncertainty Using Monte CarloAlgorithm

Nadheer A. Shalash (University Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia); Abu Zaharin Ahmad (UniversityMalaysia Pahang, Malaysia)

Abstract – The standard deviation of load level uncertainty in power system reliability assessment has a different value foreach load level leading to complexity iterations required in the convergence of Monte Carlo algorithm. In this present work,the fuzzy system agents perspective would be used to control such convergence. Two agents are developed based on fuzzyparameters of Monte Carlo i.e. current with its means and variances; the other agent is the probability of outage capacity foreach state. These agents shall be applied in terms of the loss of load probability (LOLP) and loss of load expectation (LOLE)which when implemented and compared based on a Malaysian distribution network (DISCO-Net). The obtained outcomesshowed that the fuzzy parameters of Monte Carlo provided a better limitation for variance techniques in uncertainty loadlevels.

49. On the Voltage and Electric FieldDistribution Along Polymer Insulator

Mahdi Izadi (University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia); Muhammad Syahmi Bin Abd Rahman (UPMUniversity Malaysia, Malaysia); Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir (Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia)

Abstract – In this paper, the outdoor polymer insulator was studied and the related electrical and mechanical conditions werereviewed .Moreover, different outdoor insulators were technically compared together. Furthermore, voltage distributionalong a real polymer 33kV insulator was studied and the results were discussed accordingly. On the other hand, the voltageand electric field profiles at longitudinal and cross sections under different voltage levels were considered and discussed.

50. Modeling and RFOC of FaultyThree-Phase IM Using ExtendedKalman Filter for Rotor Speed

EstimationMohammad Jannati (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia); Sajad A. Anbaran (Universiti

Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia); I M Alsofyani (University Technology Malaysia, Malaysia); NikRumzi Nik Idris (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia); Mohd Junaidi Abd Aziz (Universiti

Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia)

Abstract – This research discusses d-q model and Rotor Flux-Oriented Control (RFOC) technique for faulty three-phaseInduction Motor (three-phase IM when one of the stator phases is opened). In the controlling technique, two transformationmatrices are applied to the equations of faulty three-phase IM. As a result, the equations of faulty three-phase IM becomesimilar to the balanced IM. Therefore, by employing some modifications in the conventional block diagram of the balancedIM, faulty motor control is possible. Additionally, for high performance vector control of the faulty IM, an Extended KalmanFilter (EKF) is used for rotor speed estimation. Simulation results demonstrate the validity and applicability of this methodto improve performance of the faulty IM.

51. The Influence of Fluorescent Lampswith Electronic Ballast on the Low

Voltage PLC NetworkAllan Ashraf Emleh (University of Johannesburg, South Africa); Arnold De Beer (University of

Johannesburg, South Africa); Hendrik C Ferreira (University of Johannesburg, South Africa); HanVinck (University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany)

Abstract – The fluorescent lamps or fluorescent tubes are low pressure mercury-vapor gas-discharge lamps that usefluorescence to produce visible light. These lamps inject noise into the power-line communications channel. This can have adetrimental effect on the power-line communication system. In this paper we investigate the effects when the fluorescentlamps with electronic ballasts are seen as noise sources on the power-line channel. It is shown that in the CENELEC band:(3kHz - 150kHz) the interference level from fluorescent lamps is significantly below the allowed maximum PLC signallevels. In the band 150kHz - 30MHz however, PLC signals compete with Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) levels. Theoperational method of the electronic ballast inside the fluorescent lamp is explained.

52. On the Behavior of LightningReturn Stroke Current Incidence to Tall

TowersNasyrah Abdul Rahim (University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia); Norhidayu Rameli (Universiti PutraMalaysia, Malaysia); Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir (Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia); MahdiIzadi (University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia); Syahrun Nizam Md Arshad Hashim (Universiti Putra

Malaysia, Malaysia)

Abstract – The return stroke current in the case of a lightning strike on a tall structure is affected by different tower andchannel parameters such as the velocity of the return stroke current, the height of the observation point along the structure,the lightning channel and the reflection coefficients at the top and bottom of the structure. This paper will consider all thesefactors in the behaviour of the return stroke. The current wave shapes at different heights along tower and channel weremodeled and the simulated current at tower top was compared to the corresponding measured current. Moreover, the effectsof reflection factors and other important parameters on the values of current peak were considered and the results werediscussed accordingly.

53. A New Supervisory and ControlSystem for Domestic Protection System

Jayvarmaa Rajaram (Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia); Nursyarizal Bin Mohd Nor(Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia); Taib Ibrahim (, Malaysia); Hanita Daud (Universiti

Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia)

Abstract – The aim of this project is to develop a new supervisory and control system for domestic protection using Zigbeewireless technology. Power failure is a common problem when there are electrical faults occurred, which would lead todiscontinuity of electrical supply to domestic building. For domestic consumers, power continuity is very important sincesome of the appliances such as refrigerator, aquarium and alarm system require a continuous electrical supply. However,fault occurred in the system will trip the earth leakage circuit breaker (ELCB) and disrupt the supply to all the appliances.The current system requires human existing to restore the power supply. However, this project able to restore the powersupply automatically with additional features to detect and isolate the fault via wireless technology.

54. Changes of PDC MeasurementPattern on Services Mineral Oil FilledPower Transformer After Experienced

FaultsMohd Aizam Talib (TNB Research Sdn Bhd, Malaysia); Nor Asiah Muhamad (Universiti Teknologi

Malaysia, Malaysia)

Abstract – The safe operation of power transformers in electrical network is crucial to the reliable of electrical power supply.Under electrical and thermal stresses, the insulation system will be degraded and increases the risk of transformer failure.The used of various diagnostic tools are become important to detect ageing and faults to avoid catastrophic failures. Thispaper presents the analysis results of dielectric response in time domain known as Polarization Depolarization Current(PDC) measurement on mineral insulating transformer oil under partial discharge, overheating and arcing conditions. Theanalysis result on the PDC pattern had show that arcing fault has higher polarization and depolarization current magnitude atthe initial response compared to partial discharge and overheating fault. It concluded that faults in power transformerchanges the oil properties and thus affect the dielectric response of the oil

55. Application of Weibull-Bayesian forthe Reliability Analysis of Distribution

TransformersMohd Iqbal Ridwan (TNB Research Sdn Bhd, Malaysia); Mohd Aizam Talib (TNB Research Sdn

Bhd, Malaysia); Young Zaidey Yang Ghazali (Tenaga Nasional Berhad, Malaysia)

Abstract – With the certification of PAS 55 in 2013, there is a need for Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB), an electric utilitycompany in Malaysia to further enhance the systematic assessment methods to evaluate asset performance in order to sustainthe certification. Among the vital assets in TNB are the distribution transformers, which are used to transform voltage andsupply electricity to end customers. Failure of distribution transformers will result in power interruption which not onlyreduces the utility's revenue, but also causes loss of customer confidence towards the utility. Therefore, it is imperative forTNB to ensure the reliability of distribution transformers is not compromised throughout the years. This paper discusses theapplication of Life Data Analysis using Weibull-Bayesian statistical distribution to evaluate the reliability of distributiontransformers. The evaluation is performed on distribution transformers supplied from 3 different vendors in TNB.

56. Design Investigation of HybridExcitation Flux Switching SynchronousMotor for High-Speed Electric Vehicles

Siti Rahimi (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysian, Malaysia); Erwan Sulaiman (Universiti TunHussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia)

Abstract – Hybrid excitation machines (HEMs) that consist of permanent magnet (PM) and field excitation coil (FEC) astheir main flux sources has several attractive features compared to interior permanent magnet synchronous machines(IPMSM) conventionally employed in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Among various types of HEM, the machine withboth permanent magnet and field excitation coil located on the stator has the advantage of robust rotor structure similar withswitch reluctance machine (SRM). In addition, the variable flux control capabilities from FEC make this machine becomingmore attractive to be applied for high-speed motor drive systems. This HEM can be categorized as hybrid excitation fluxswitching machine (HEFSM). In this paper, a novel 12Slot-10Pole HEFSM in which the FEC is wounded in radial directionon the stator is proposed for traction drives in HEVs. The design target of the proposed motor is a maximum torque of303Nm with reduction gear ratio of 4:1, a maximum power of 123kW, a maximum power density of more than 3.5kW/kg,and a maximum speed of 20,000r/min with similar restrictions and specifications in IPMSM used for Prius. Deterministicdesign optimization method based on 2D-FEA is used to treat design parameters defined in rotor, armature coil slot and FECslot until the target performances are achieved, under maximum current density condition for both armature coil and FEC.The final results show that the final design HEFSM is able to keep the same torque density in existing IPMSM installed oncommercial HEV.

57. Design Analysis of 12S-10P Hybrid-Excitation Flux-Switching Permanent-Magnet Machines for Hybrid Electric

VehicleNurul Jafar (Universiti Tun Hussien Onn Malaysia, Malaysia); Erwan Sulaiman (Universiti Tun

Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia)

Abstract – Flux switching machines (FSMs) have emerged as an attractive machine type due to the excitation sources arelocated in the stator that allowing a simple robust rotor structure whilst providing high torque density has been developed inrecent years. They can be categorized into three groups that are permanent magnet (PM) FSM, field excitation (FE) FSM,and hybrid excitation (HE) FSM. Both PMFSM and FEFSM has only PM and field excitation coil (FEC), respectively astheir main flux sources, while HEFSM combines both PM and FECs. In this research, design and performance of a threephase 12S-10P HEFSM are investigated. Initially, the design procedures of the HEFSM including parts drawing, materialsand condition setting and properties setting are explained. Then, coil arrangement test is analyzed to all armature coil slots toconfirm the polarity of each phase. Other than that, the flux interaction analysis is performed to investigate the fluxcapabilities at various current densities. Finally, torque and power performances are investigated at various armature andFEC current densities.

58. Power System Stabiliser for SingleMachine in Infinite Bus Based on

Optimal Control MethodsMuawia Abdel Kafi Magzoub (Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Malaysia); Nordin B Saad(Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia); Rosdiazli Ibrahim (Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,

Malaysia)

Abstract – An alternative method for designing a PSS (Power system stabiliser to be used with SMIB (a Single Machine andInfinite Bus) system that was developed on the basis of optimal control (OP) techniques is represented by this paper. TheSMIB system has been chosen because not only is it a very simple configuration but it is also quite useful for understandingthe concepts of PSS and its basic effects. The proposed scheme's effectiveness was tested through simulation in order toanalyse the stability characteristics of the system's small signal about the operating condition of the steady state when atransmission line is lost. The focus of the primary method was on how the control performed. This was later proven topossess the level of a reaching time that was shorter and a spike that was lower.

59. Performance Analysis of E-CoreHybrid Excitation Flux SwitchingMotor for Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Siti Nur Umira Zakaria (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia); Erwan Sulaiman(Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia)

Abstract – In response to concerns about energy cost, energy dependence and environmental damage, a rekindling ofinteresting hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) has been obvious. The development of electric motor for HEVs will take anaccelerated pace to fulfill the market needs. One example of successfully developed electric motor for HEV is IPMSM, dueto its smaller size, lighter weight providing with design freedom of the vehicles, and higher efficiency contributing to lowbattery consumption. However, IPMSM design tends to be difficult because permanent magnet (PM) is embedded in rotorcore. The mechanical strength relies mainly on thickness and number of bridges around PM, but high number of bridgedegrades the maximum performances due to increase in leakage flux. Therefore, a new structure of E-Core hybrid excitationflux switching motor (HEFSM) with rugged rotor structure suitable for high-speed operation is proposed. The advantages ofthe E-Core HEFSM are high mechanical strength due to single piece rotor, less coil end, variable flux capabilities, less PMvolume, and simpler structure which paves better way of design optimization. In this paper, preliminary study on E-CoreHEFSM including armature coil test, flux enhancing, torque and power characteristics are analyzed by 2D-FEA for HEVapplications.

60. Significance of Localized SoilResistivity in Designing a Grounding

SystemSiow Chun Lim (Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia); Chandima Gomes (Universiti Putra Malaysia,Malaysia); Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir (Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia); Ghasem Nourirad

(Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia)

Abstract – The value of soil resistivity is an essential pre-requisite in designing an electrical grounding system. The currentpractice, as advocated even by national/international standards involves taking the average soil resistivity of the site as theparameter to be considered in designing the grounding system. This study shows that average soil resistivity may lead tosignificant overestimation or underestimation in the designing process as the localized soil resistivity may significantly differfrom the average soil resistivity of the entire site. It is suggested that electrical engineers who design grounding systemsshould first identify the locations where the components of the grounding systems will be installed. Then, the localized soilresistivity at that particular point should be measured and the sizing and geometry of the grounding electrode should bedesigned accordingly.

61. Design Study of 3-phase Field-Excitation Flux Switching Motor with

Outer-Rotor ConfigurationSyed Naufal (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia); Erwan Sulaiman (Universiti Tun

Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia)

Abstract – This paper proposes a design of outer-rotor field-excitation flux switching motor(FEFSM) with a topology of 12-slot and 10-pole configuration(12/10) for electric vehicle as a low-cost of non-Permanent Magnet (PM) machine for HEVdrives. Design study, performance analysis of field-excitation flux switching machine with 35H210 earth magnet for electricvehicle drive applicationsis done. The stator of the machine comprised of iron core (electromagnetic steels), armature coilsand field excitation coils as the only mmf source. While the rotor is comprise of stack of iron only, it is reliable andappropriate for high speed operation. Feasibility design studies on FEFSM based on 2D-Finite Element analysis will beapplied to the proposed machine design.

62. Study of Capacity Payment Pricesfor IPPs in Malaysia

Mohamad Firdaus Yusop (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Nofri Yenita Dahlan (UniversitiTeknologi Mara Malaysia, Malaysia)

Abstract – This paper studies capacity payment for IPPs in Malaysia. The objective of this study is to compare three types ofcapacity payment models for IPPs in Malaysia in term of capacity payment price and total payment to the IPPs. The modelsinclude; 1) fixed capacity payment, 2) capacity payment based on technological cluster and 3) capacity payment based onLoss of Load Probability (LOLP) as to the one used in old Electricity Pool of England and Wales. The capacity paymentmodels have been tested using Malaysia's power system. Result shows that total capacity payment to the IPPs from thecapacity payment based on LOLP is the lowest followed by the fixed capacity payment and capacity payment based ontechnological cluster. Considering the capacity payment based on LOLP model in Malaysia could reduce TNB capacitypayment to the IPPs.

63. Identifying Benefits Between theIntegration of Electric Vehicles and

Renewable Power UsageIvo Costa (Federal University of Santa Catarina, Portugal); Mauro Rosa (INESC TEC, Brazil); Leonel

Carvalho (INESC TEC, Portugal); Leonardo Bremermann (INESC TEC, Portugal); Jose Pedro Iria(INESC Porto, Portugal)

Abstract – The impact of large-scale Electric Vehicles (EVs) deployment in electric power systems is a current issue understudy by the scientific community. The integration of this new type of electric component requires robust planning solutionsto mitigate possible consequences from such integration. This paper explores the quantification of the amount of renewablesources, namely wind and hydro power, which can be safely integrated into power systems in a scenario of a massintegration of EVs. The increase of renewable power in the generation portfolio is analyzed under the framework ofgenerating system adequacy assessment considering several EVs deployment scenarios and an adequate charging strategy.The analysis is carried for the planning configurations of the Portuguese and Spanish generating systems and the results arefocused on the potential benefits of EV integration in terms of hydro and wind power usage.

64. Health Index Assessment of AgedOil-filled Ring Main Units

Mohd Dzaki Mohd Amir (TNB Research Sdn Bhd, Malaysia); Esmet Sidqie A Muttalib (TenagaNasional Berhad, Malaysia)

Abstract – Oil-filled ring main units (RMUs) are considered to pose a medium to high medium risk due to the severity offailure consequences and the ageing population. The obvious solution is to institute a network wide replacement program ofoil-filled RMUs with the newer types of RMUs. However, a replacement program covering the total population of tens ofthousands will take significant capital expenditure and time. This paper proposes a condition-based Health Index todetermine the present condition of oil-filled RMUs and facilitate the decision making for their replacement. Seven conditionindicators which cover different major components are used for the modelling of the RMU in the Health Index model. Thecriteria for determining the Health Index for each condition indicator is derived from manufacturer's data, IEC standards andother standards like IEEE, NETA and ASTM if the equivalent IEC standards are not available. The overall health index(HO) is then calculated based on the weighted sum of the individual condition indicator Health Index. The proposed HealthIndex method was then applied to test data collected from actual RMUs.

65. Estimating the Flexible ResidentialLoad Using Appliances Availability

Miguel Heleno (INESC TEC, Portugal); Manuel Matos (INESC Porto, Portugal); Joao Pecas Lopes(University of Porto, Portugal); Jose Pedro Iria (INESC Porto, Portugal)

Abstract – In the Smart Grid environment, it is expected that Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS) should becapable of managing appliances inside the house, in order to provide reserve services. This paper aims at estimating theflexibility of a Portuguese typical residential load diagram. For this purpose, a bottom-up approach is used, i.e., theaggregated flexible load demand is determined taking into account the availability of each appliance to be controlled by theHEMS. The comfort requirements of the consumers are also incorporated in the flexibility calculations by integratingrealistic load models into HEMS.

66. State Estimation in DistributionSmart Grids Using Autoencoders

Pedro Barbeiro (Inesc Porto, Portugal); Jakov Krstulovic (INESC TEC and University of Porto,Croatia); Filipe J. Soares (INESC Porto, Portugal); Henrique Teixeira (INESC Porto, Portugal); Jose

Pedro Iria (INESC Porto, Portugal)

Abstract – This work proposes an innovative method based on autoencoders to perform state estimation in distribution grids,which has as main advantage the fact of being independent of the network parameters and topology. The method was testedin a real low voltage grid (incorporating smart grid features), under different scenarios of smart meter deployment.Simulations were performed in order to understand the necessary requirements for an accurate distribution grid stateestimator and to evaluate the performance of a state estimator based on autoencoders.

67. Gravitational Search AlgorithmApplication in Optimal Allocation andSizing of Multi Distributed Generation

Mohammad Rashdan Md Rasdi (Universiti Teknologi Mara, Malaysia); Zulkiffli Abdul Hamid(Universiti Teknologi Mara, Malaysia); Hj Harizan Che Mat Haris (UiTM, Malaysia)

Abstract – Distribution system represents the final link between bulk power system and the consumers. Distributedgenerators or small-scale energy sources are usually smaller than central energy sources and can produce electricity in therange of 10 to 10,000kW and usually connected to the power system points that close to the customer. Power loss in adistribution system consists of real and reactive power loss. Real power loss is due to the transmission lines resistance whilereactive power loss is due to the inductive element, which allows the real power transfer in the distribution system. Thispaper presents the optimal allocation and sizing of multi-distributed generation (DG) in distribution system for minimumpower loss. The study involves the development of Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) engine as an optimizationtechnique. Comparison with respect to Evolutionary Programming (EP) was conducted in order to highlight its superiority.The developed algorithm has been validated on 15-Bus IEEE Distribution System and the results revealed that power loss isreduced. GSA outperformed EP in terms of achieving lower minimal power loss.

68. Design and Performance Analysis of12Slot-14Pole HEFSM with Outer-

Rotor ConfigurationMd Zarafi Ahmad (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia); Faisal Khan (Universiti Tun

Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia)

Abstract – This paper presents the performance analysis of 12Slot-14Pole hybrid excitation flux switching machine(HEFSM) with outer-rotor configuration. Nowadays, research on flux switching machines (FSMs) become an attractiveresearch topic due to several excessive advantages of robust rotor structure, high torque and power capability, and lowmanufacturing cost that suitable for heavy applications. The FSMs that constructed with two flux sources namely permanentmagnet (PM) and flux excitation coil (FEC) which also known as hybrid excitation flux has additional advantage of fluxcontrollable. Furthermore, the outer-rotor configuration of the machines can provides higher torque density and appropriatefor in-wheel direct drive application. Based on 2-D finite element analysis (FEA), the design improvement has been made onthe initial design machine shows that there is great enhancement on torque and power.

69. Procedures for Evaluating the HVOverhead Lines Lightning Performance

and Methods for Reducing the OHLTrip Rate in TNB Transmission

Iryani Rawi (Tenaga Nasional Berhad, Malaysia); Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir (Universiti PutraMalaysia, Malaysia)

Abstract – In this paper, the procedures for evaluating the High Voltage (132kV, 275kV and 500kV) overhead linesperformance due to lightning is being explained. The historical tripping data is being analysed and compared from theinternational standard IEC 60071-1 and other utility practices. Approaches for evaluating the performance i.e. softwaresimulations using TFlash and SIGMA SLP are part of the study. Lightning stroke data will also be shown, which will becompared with the tripping pattern. The condition of the transmission towers and Tower Footing Resistance is also veryessential in determining the line performance. As a conclusion, this paper will discuss and propose the method and actionsfor reducing OHL tripping due to lightning, thus improving the line performance.

70. Economic Load Dispatch Via anImproved Bacterial Foraging

OptimizationZuhaina Zakaria (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Titik Khawa Abdul Rahman (King

Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia); Hassan Elia Erwani (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka,Malaysia)

Abstract – An economic dispatch is one of the most important research areas in power system. This is because an optimalpower dispatch will contribute to a sound power system load management. As a result, the solution can ease the cost of fuelwithout ignoring the power operation constraints and system losses. Adaptive Tumble Bacterial Foraging Optimization(ATBFO) and Adaptive Mutation Bacterial Foraging Optimization (AMBFO), which are originally from basic BacterialForaging Optimization (BFO), are considered as alternative algorithms to minimize fuel cost. Thus, the two techniques arecompared under the same parameters to determine the best optimal result. After several analyses on the results obtained, itwas found that ATBFO outperformed AMBFO. Both of these adaptive bacterial foraging optimization techniques are testedon 26 bus Reliability test system using MATLAB R2009b on MS Window 7.

71. Investigation on Return StrokeCurrent Amplitude Using Heidler and

Modified Transmission LineExponential Functions

Hazlee Azil Illias (University of Malaya, Malaysia); Chia Teck Teh (University of Malaya, Malaysia);A. B. Halim Abu Bakar (University of Malaya, Malaysia); Hazlie Mokhlis (Electrical Engineering

Department, Malaysia)

Abstract – This paper presents simulation on different amplitudes of return stroke current using Heidler function andmodified transmission line exponential (MTLE) function. Using the Heidler function, five different amplitudes of returnstroke base current of 3kA, 30kA, 100kA, 150kA and 200kA having the same front time and tail time have been simulatedand analysed. In order to obtain the actual lightning return stroke current along the lightning channel, the generated returnstroke base current using the Heidler function are further simulated using the modified transmission line exponentialfunction. From this work, different amplitudes of return stroke current have been successfully simulated and analysed. Allsimulations were performed using finite element analysis (FEA) software.

72. Energy Saving Analysis of a 16kWpGrid Connected PV System At Green

Energy Research Centre (GERC),UiTM Shah Alam

Nur Atiqah Mohd Amir (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Nofri Yenita Dahlan (UniversitiTeknologi Mara Malaysia, Malaysia); Wan Nor Ainin Wan Abdullah (Universiti Teknologi Mara,Malaysia); Zainazlan Md zain (UiTM, Malaysia); Hasmaini Mohamad (University of Technology

MARA, Malaysia)

Abstract – This paper presents analysis of energy saving made by 16kWp grid connected PV system at Green EnergyResearch Centre (GERC), UiTM Shah Alam. The study is based on data collected from the PV system from May 2012 untilApril 2013. The data consists of solar irradiance, ambient and module temperature and output power of the PV system. Theresearch investigates the effect of the PV system on the GERC building's daily load curve and maximum demand using theconcept of residual load. The energy saving based on TNB tariff is compared with the revenue if the energy from the PVsystem would be sold to national grid at the FiT tariff. The CO2 emission avoidance provided by the PV system is alsocalculated. Analysis shows that there were strong correlation between the solar irradiance, ambient temperature and moduletemperature with the energy from the PV. The energy from the PV reduced the daily energy consumption by 8.35% duringthe weekday and by 12.63% during the weekend. Total energy saving by the PV over the duration considered was20,679.28kWh and this saved RM9,827 of electricity bill. On the other hand, if the energy from the PV would be sold to theutility grid, the expected payback period on the investment is 11 year

73. Using NSGA II MultiobjectiveGenetic Algorithm for EKF-basedEstimation of Speed and ElectricalTorque in AC Induction Machines

I M Alsofyani (University Technology Malaysia, Malaysia); Nik Rumzi Nik Idris (UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, Malaysia); Mohammad Jannati (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia);

Sajad A. Anbaran (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia); Yahya Alamri (University TechnologyMalaysia, Malaysia)

Abstract – High-performance AC drives require accurate speed and torque estimations to provide a proper system operation.The selection and quality of extended Kalman fitter (EKF) covariance elements have a considerable bearing on theeffectiveness of motor drive. Many EKF-based optimization techniques involve only a single objective for the optimalestimation of speed without giving concern to the torque. This paper presents a new methodology for the selection of EKFfilters that uses non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) developed for filter element selection in order toinvestigate the concurrent optimization of speed and torque. The proposed optimizing technique for EKF-based estimationscheme is used in the combination with the sensorless direct torque control of induction motor. The multi-optimal based-EKF is tested with three regions of Pareto front curve.

74. Implementation of Hybrid ParticleSwarm Optimization for CombinedEconomic-Emission Load Dispatch

ProblemMohd Noor Abdullah (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia); A. B. Halim Abu Bakar(University of Malaya, Malaysia); Hazlie Mokhlis (Electrical Engineering Department, Malaysia);

Nasrudin Abdul Rahim (University Malaya, Malaysia); ChiaKwang Tan (UM Power EnergyDedicated Advanced Centre (UMPEDAC), University of Malaya, Malaysia)

Abstract – This paper presents the implementation of hybrid particle swarm optimization for solving Economic-EmissionLoad Dispatch Problem (EELD). Due to environmental issues, the environmental pollution releases by thermal powergeneration should be considered in power dispatch planning instead of minimizing the total fuel cost only. Significantemission reduction can be achieved by performing the emission power dispatch. In this study, the hybrid Evolutionaryprogramming (EP) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) named Evolutionary Particle Swarm Optimization (EPSO) isproposed. The effectiveness of the EPSO algorithm has been tested on the IEEE 30 bus system and the results obtained arecompared with the other reported algorithms. The results also reveal the capability of the proposed EPSO for obtaining thebest fuel cost and emission amount at shorter time compared to PSO.

75. An Accurate Prediction for as-Implanted Doping Profile Calibration

Using Different Ion ImplantationModels

Vivek Ningaraju (Asia University, Taiwan); Pradhana Laksana (Asia University, Taiwan); Gene Sheu(Asia University, Taiwan); Jun Wang (Asia University, Taiwan); Md Amanullah (Asia University,

Taiwan); Aunny Kant Sharma (Asia University, Taiwan); Subramanya Jae (Asia University, Taiwan);Shao Ming Yang (ASIA University, Taiwan)

Abstract – The simulation tool is very important to develop process and design a new device structures. Devicecharacteristics and physics phenomena also can be analyzed and predicted using this tool. But, it also have the limitationsuch us the physical model to describe the nature behaviors accurately. Selecting the models should be defined correctly.One of the critical processes is ion implantation because it is important to make a junction and determine the breakdown. Forgetting accurate results, the doping concentration profile in simulation should be calibrated with experiment, like Secondaryion mass spectrometry (SIMS) profile. In this paper, Taurus analytical and Monte Carlo ion implantation model wasinvestigated. The calibration will be difficult by using Taurus Analytical default Model. Using Taurus model by calibratingparameter can give a good agreement SIMS. Monte Carlo ion implantation model generally can give good profile predictionwithout calibration.

76. Investigation on PropensityDifference of Water Tree Occurrences

in Polymeric Insulating MaterialsChe Mohd Shukri Che Nuru Saniyyati (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia); Yanuar Arief(Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia); Mohd Hafizi Ahmad (Universiti Teknologi

Malaysia, Malaysia); M. Afendi M. Piah (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia); Zuraimy Adzis(Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia); Abubakar Suleiman (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,

Malaysia); Nor Asiah Muhamad (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia)

Abstract – In case of medium voltage cables, the main cause of the insulation breakdown is water treeing by referring to thereport of national power utility of Malaysia, Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB). The inconsistent and unreliable nature bringsout the importance of research towards water tree detection of polymeric insulating cable. Early detection of water tree inunderground polymeric cable is important in order to increase the cable efficiency by reducing the timeframe of the cablefailure. From the previous research of water tree detection, the types of needle that have been used are metal and nickel. Itwas found that the usage of these needles has some weaknesses which lead to inefficiency of water tree detection. Corrosion,losses and corona discharge are some of the significant problems faced by using those materials. In addition to that, it wasfound that the time was taken longer using the previous method of water tree detection. Thus, in order to reduce the time ofwater tree detection and preventing the material's physical failures, an improved method is proposed. Also, this paperpresents the propensity difference of water tree detection in two different insulating materials namely cross-linkedpolyethylene (XLPE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). With the data and research being studied carefully, the watertree detection will be much easier to detect. The effect of ageing time in water tree detection was also discussed in this paper.

77. An Effective Capacity forGeneration Reliability Evaluation of

Renewable Power PlantKunjana Chaiamarit (Chiang Mai University, Thailand); Somboon Nuchprayoon (Chiang Mai

University, Thailand)

Abstract – The equivalency between renewable and conventional capacities and their contribution on generation reliabilityare investigated by using the concept of effective capacity, which has two definitions. The effective capacity can becomputed from generation capacities of renewable and conventional power plants as well as effective load carryingcapability. Forced outage rate, generation capacity, and number of renewable units are varied to reflect operation behavior ofrenewable power plant. Loss of load probability is considered as generation reliability index. A small test model consists ofthree conventional units with an addition of a unit of interest.

78. Unified Power Quality ConditionerBased on Fast Energy Storage

Libo Han (Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.R. China); XingtianFeng (China University of Petroleum, P.R. China); Xiaoxu Che (Institute of Electrical EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences, P.R. China); Tongshuo Zhang (Institute of Electrical EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences, P.R. China); Tongzhen Wei (Institute of Electronic Engineering,

Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.R. China)

Abstract – With the high penetration of distributed generations (DGs) have been connected into the local power distributionnetwork, it will result in some deteriorative influences such as poor power quality and stability issues. And powerdistribution network itself with problems of power system nonlinear characteristic, power system faults and nonlinear loadsmakes this issue more severe. Meanwhile, in order to restraint the large output power fluctuation caused by great many DGs,enough power support, which can be implemented by energy storage technology, is needed. Thus, for solving the voltageproblems in power distribution network with the high penetration of DGs, a novel Unified Power Quality Conditioner(UPQC) based on fast energy storage is introduced in this paper. Then the structure principle and the control strategy wereexplained at length. At last the practicality of the device was determined successfully by simulation and experiment research.

79. Wavelet Transform for Single PhaseFault Detection in Noisy Environment

Ahmad Alshawawreh (Westren Michigan University, Jordan)

Abstract – This paper is discussing the effect of measurement noise on identifying and locating a single phase fault usingwavelet technique, the fault is located based on one terminal voltage measurement, the dubachies wavelet is used as a motherwavelet in this paper, the accuracy of the estimated fault location based on different levels of this wavelet is discussed, and asuggested technique is proposed to eliminate the effect of the measurement noise on the fault location.

80. Characterization PreliminaryBreakdown in the Measured Lightning

Electric FieldsSyahrun Nizam Md Arshad Hashim (Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia); Mahdi Izadi (University

Putra Malaysia, Malaysia); Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir (Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia);Muhammad Anas Abd Bari (Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia); Norhidayu Rameli (Universiti

Putra Malaysia, Malaysia); Nasyrah Abdul Rahim (University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia); MuhammadNoh Hamzah (University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia)

Abstract – In this study, characterization of measured electric fields due to lightning channel was considered. Likewise,previous studies on this case were reviews and discussed accordingly. Moreover, preliminary breakdown was detailed and itwas indicated on the real measured electric fields and the results were discussed. The behavior of preliminary breakdownsignal was observed. It will be easier to design filtering of the preliminary breakdown.

81. Overload Alleviation Scheme Basedon Real Time Power Flow Tracing in

Distribution NetworkMohd Rohaimi Mohd Dahalan (University Malaya, Malaysia); Hazlie Mokhlis (Electrical

Engineering Department, Malaysia)

Abstract – This paper presents overload alleviation based on real time power flow tracing for distribution networks. Theproposed scheme is capable to detect the source of overload at the transformer. Then, load buses will be selected accordingto the contribution of overload equipment and this scheme also determined possible load to shed. In order to verify theproposed scheme, dynamic simulation is performed on an existing Malaysia's distribution network interconnected with minihydro generation. The simulation results show it is validity, efficiency and simplicity.

82. Comparison of Stability IndexMonitoring for Load Shedding Scheme

in Islanded Distribution NetworkNorazliani Md. Sapari (Universiti Malaya, Malaysia); Hazlie Mokhlis (Electrical Engineering

Department, Malaysia); Hazlee Azil Illias (University of Malaya, Malaysia)

Abstract – This paper presents the comparison between Stability Indexes value used for load shedding of the islandeddistribution network. In this work, 2 stability indexes, namely Power Stability Index (PSI) and Stability Index (SI) are usedas Stability Index Ranked (SIR) to shed the loads. The proposed Under-Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) algorithm isimplemented the online stability index ranked as main priority of load to be shed. The performance of frequency and voltageare monitored in the existing Malaysia's Distribution network interconnected with two mini hydro generations. Thesimulation results show that the PSI possesses the better and improved voltage profile rather than SI index, while stabilizingthe system frequency.

83. Characterizing the BreakdownBehavior of Rod-Plane Air Gap Under

Impulse Over-VoltageGhasem Nourirad (Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia); Mahdi Izadi (University Putra Malaysia,

Malaysia); Chandima Gomes (Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia); Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab Kadir(Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia)

Abstract – Experimental test has been done due to realize the characteristics of the behavior of voltage-time in the case ofrod-plane air gap of 70mm and 100mm. Impulse voltage has been applied in this regard to find out the voltage at breakdownlevel, time to breakdown value, time to complete discharge, comparison of trajectory of the waveshape and the significantpoints of the increasing the gap distance. The results depicted that, the breakdown voltage was dependent on the integral ofapplied voltage and discharge time was more dependent on the gap value compared to other conditions.

84. Differential Evolution ImmunizedAnt Colony Optimization Technique

(DEIANT) in Solving EconomicDispatch by Considering Prohibited

Operating ZonesNur Azzammudin Rahmat (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Ismail Musirin (Universiti

Teknologi Mara, Shah Alam, Malaysia); Ahmad Farid Abidin (Faculty of Electrical Engineering,Universiti Teknologi Mara, Malaysia)

Abstract – In energy industry, generating the correct amount of electrical power is crucial. Economic load dispatch is used tocompute the necessary amount of power among the generators. However, each generator in a system is limited by itsphysical properties that will limit its maximum potential. This prohibited zone divides the actual operation limits of aparticular generator into several subdivisions. This paper proposes Differential Evolution Immunized Ant ColonyOptimization (DEAINT) technique in solving economic dispatch by considering prohibited operating zones. Theoptimization process was conducted on IEEE 30-Bus Reliable Test System (RTS). Verification of DEIANT technique wasperformed by comparing it with Evolutionary Programming (EP) and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) technique. Thecomparative studies indicate that DEIANT outperformed EP and ACO in terms of achieving lower operating cost and powerloss.

85. Solar Grid Parity for Malaysia:Analysis Using Experience Curves

Nofri Yenita Dahlan (Universiti Teknologi Mara Malaysia, Malaysia); Mohd Afifi Jusoh (UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia); Wan Nor Ainin Wan Abdullah (Universiti Teknologi Mara, Malaysia)

Abstract – This paper presents experience curve analysis in forecasting future costs of photovoltaic (PV) and henceestimating the grid parity year for Malaysia. Using the historical prices of the PV module and PV system from 2011-2013,the future PV module and system costs for 2014-2030 are extrapolated. The PV cost analysis requires forecasted PVproduction growth rate in Malaysia which is obtained from Sustainable Energy Development Authority (SEDA). Theseforecasted PV costs are then used to estimate the solar grid parity year for Malaysia. From the analysis, it is found that thesolar grid parity for Malaysia will be in year 2026 which is one year earlier than the projected solar grid parity i.e. 2027determined by SEDA using FiT rate. Factors that influence the solar grid parity year are studied using sensitivity analysis i.e.1) sensitivity to progress ratio and 2) sensitivity to cumulative PV production. Sensitivity to progress ratio shows thatincreasing the learning rate of the PV system cost will result in earlier solar grid parity. On the other hand, the sensitivity tocumulative PV production shows that, increasing the cumulative PV production in Malaysia will reduce the solar PV systemcost and hence could help in achieving earlier solar grid parity

86. Empirical Study of Particle SwarmOptimization for Economic LoadDispatch with Valve-Point Effects

Abdirahman M. Abdilahi (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,Malaysia); Mohd Wazir Mustafa (University of Technology Malaysia, Malaysia); Jasrul Jamani

Jamian (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia); Jafaru Usman (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,Malaysia)

Abstract – This paper empirically studies the performance of the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. A practicaltest system in power system studies is selected as a testing function. The test system takes into account the valve-pointeffects. The study aims to tune four main parameters involved in the PSO implementation in a typical economic loaddispatch problem. The experimental results illustrate the best values to be chosen for PSO's different parameters. The variousranges of a penalty factor were tested and the paper determines which range of values is best suited in the tested economicdispatch problem.

87. Solar Wireless Power TransferUsing Inductive Coupling for Mobile

Phone ChargerMohd Fareq Abd Malek (Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia); Muhammad Fitra Zambak (School ofElectrical System Engineering Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia); Muhammad Irwanto (Universiti

Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia); Syafruddin Hasan (Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia); Gomesh nairShasidharan (Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia); Farrah Abdullah (School of ElectricalSystem Engineering, Malaysia); Prof. Madya Dr. Mohd Rozailan bin Mamat (Universiti Malaysia

Perlis, Malaysia)

Abstract – A wireless power transfer (WPT) using inductive coupling for mobile phone charger is studied. The project isoffer to study and fabricate solar WPT using inductive coupling for mobile phone charger that will give more informationabout distance is effect for WPT performance and WPT is not much influenced by the presence of hands, books and types ofplastics. The components used to build wireless power transfer can be divided into 3 parts components, the transceiver forpower transmission, the inductive coils in this case as the antenna, receiver and the rectifier which act convert AC to DC.Experiments have been conducted and the wireless power transfer using inductive coupling is suitable to be implemented formobile phone charger.

88. Analysis Simulation of thePhotovoltaic Output Performance

Mohd Irwan Yusoff (Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia)

Abstract – Solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation is an attractive technique to reduce consumption of fossil fuels and as arenewable energy. PV system is convert photo energy into direct-current energy. The temperature of PV modules increaseswhen it absorbs solar radiation, causing a decrease in efficiency. The overall power output and efficiency of the PV modulecan decrease by ~0.5%/˚C and ~0.05%/˚C when the ambient temperature of module increases. In fact the efficiency of thegeneral PV modules is only between 13% until 20%. This caused will affected the PV module lifespan. In this work, theperformance of PV output power is analysis by using PVsyst software. The open-circuit voltage (Voc) of PV module, shortcircuit current (Isc) and every change temperature on PV module are measure and record. In this work, the result ofefficiency of PV under cooling system is 14% while the efficiency of PV under without cooling system is 10.3%. Theincident irradiance is 1000 W/m², the efficiency of PV module is 13.05% while the incident irradiance is 200 W/m², and theefficiency of PV module is 10.45%. The higher efficiency of PV cell, the payback period of the system can be shorted andthe lifespan of PV module can also be longer.

89. A New Fault Indicator for ReducingCalculation Time and Digital System

Memory Size: Induction MotorApplication

Majid Malekpour (University of Kashan, Iran); Mohammad Farshadnia (University of New SouthWales, Australia); Saeid Malekpour (Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran); Seyed Abbas Taher

(Kashan, Iran)

Abstract – This paper studies broken rotor bar (BRB) failure in squirrel cage induction motors (SCIMs) and proposes a newfault diagnosis scheme for fast and instantaneous detection of BRB failures at no-load condition. The proposed method inthis paper monitors the condition of a lightly loaded SCIM in order to detect the rotor bar failure process at its early stages.Absolute value of Approximation coefficient of wavelet decomposition at seventh level is considered as a new faultindicator. This indicator is immune to load conditions and can reduce the calculation time without loss of accuracy andresolution. Finite element analysis, MATLAB/SIMULINK and Differential Evolution (DE) optimization algorithm areemployed in this work to model the breakage of the bar at the instant of happening. The effectiveness and accuracy of theproposed method for instantaneous detection of rotor bar breakage at no-load condition are evaluated using simulations.

90. Under-Frequency Load SheddingTechnique Considering Response Based

for Islanding Distribution NetworkConnected with Mini Hydro

Hasmaini Mohamad (University of Technology MARA, Malaysia); Norazliani Md Sapari (UniversityMalaya, Malaysia); Nofri Yenita Dahlan (Universiti Teknologi Mara Malaysia, Malaysia); Salmah

Sahdan (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Abstract – One of the biggest challenge in an islanding operation is to sustain the frequency stability. A large powerimbalance following islanding would cause under-frequency, hence an appropriate control is required to shed certain amountof load. Under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) scheme is commonly adopted for grid transmission system of whichrequires particular consideration for application on an isolated/islanded system. The main objective of this research is todevelop an adaptive UFLS technique for an islanding system. The technique is designed considering response based for anydisturbance during islanding operation. The disturbance magnitude is determined from the swing equation in which relies onfrequency and rate of change of frequency measurement for shedding the required amount of load. The technique is modeledby using PSCAD simulation tool. A simulation study on a distribution network connected with mini hydro generation iscarried out to evaluate the UFLS model. It is performed under different load condition: peak load, base load and overloadscenario. The results have shown that the load shedding technique have successfully shed certain amount of load andstabilized the system frequency following overload.

91. Diagnosis of On-Load Tap Changer(OLTC) Using Dynamic Resistance

MeasurementMohd Azhar Abdul Aziz (TNB Researach, Malaysia)

Abstract – On Load Tap Changer (OLTC) is one of the important and most expensive sub-components in a powertransformer. The fail operation of OLTC can cause catastrophic failure of in-service power transformers. Proper andadequate maintenance conducted on serviced aged OLTC can reduce the unexpected unavailability and failure rate of powertransformer. Nowadays, several off-line and on-line diagnostic techniques have been used to diagnose the condition of loadtap changer. These diagnostic results are important to determine the required maintenance on OLTC.In this paper, the condition of OLTC on in-service transformer was assessed using the dynamic resistance measurement. Theresults from new unit of OLTC installed in power transformer at the factory and on serviced aged OLTC were presented.The findings suggested that the technique is very promising in detecting problem associated with the contact wear and earlystage of contact degradation in OLTC.

92. Cuckoo Search Technique for ActiveLoad and Loss Allocation in

Transmission Line with Load IncreaseCondition

Nur Atiqah Abdul Rahman (Universiti Teknologi Mara, Malaysia); Titik Khawa Abdul Rahman(King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia); Zuhaina Zakaria (Universiti Teknologi MARA,

Malaysia)

Abstract – Active load and loss allocation has become a concern in power system with the introduction of deregulation.Deregulation often gives opportunity for the end user to choose their own supplier which has brought the importance ofactive load and loss allocation in transmission line. Thus, this paper proposed a Cuckoo Search technique as a tool to allocateboth active load and losses in transmission line. The technique has been tested in normal and load increase condition.Cuckoo Search is a simple technique that did not involve complex mathematical procedures but provides a betterperformance in terms of accuracy and computational time. The allocation is done by treating the active load and loss as anoptimization problem. This paper presented the result obtained from IEEE-30 bus system in both normal and load increasecondition. In addition, comparative study has been conducted with Genetic Algorithm technique.

93. Harmony Search-BasedOptimization of Artificial Neural

Network for Predicting AC Power froma Photovoltaic System

Shahril Irwan Sulaiman (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Abstract – Grid-Connected Photovoltaic (GCPV) system is a type of photovoltaic (PV) systems which has been widely usedas a renewable-based electricity generation. Nevertheless, the intermittency and fluctuation in weather conditions havecaused inconsistent and varying output performance of a GCPV system. This paper presents a Multi-Layer FeedforwardNeural Network (MLFNN) model for predicting the AC power from a GCPV system. Harmony Search (HS) was alsoemployed to optimize several MLFNN parameters such that the prediction error could be minimized. The AC Watt-output ofa GCPV system was predicted using MLFNN with solar irradiance, ambient temperature and operating PV moduletemperature as its inputs. These data were collected from a GCPV system located at Green Energy Research Centre (GERC),Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. In optimizing the MLFNN, HS was introduced to determine the optimal number ofneurons in hidden layer, the learning rate and the momentum rate during training. After the training, testing process wasconducted to validate the training process. In both training and testing, the prediction performance was quantified using RootMean Square Error (RMSE). The performance of the HS-MLFNN was later compared with the performance of anEvolutionary Programming (EP)-MLFNN in predicting the AC power. The results showed that the hybrid HS-MLFNN hadoutperformed the hybrid EP-MLFNN by producing lower RMSE during both training and testing.

94. Design of Distribution SubstationEarth Grid in High Resistivity Soil

Using CDEGSSani Dahiru Buba (Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia)

Abstract – Designing distribution substation earthing grid can be very challenging in high resistivity soils especially in twolayer soils where the top layer resistivity is lower than the bottom layer. This paper presents the design of a distributionsubstation earth grid using Current Distribution Electromagnetic Field Grounding Soil Structure Analysis Software(CDEGS). Soil resistivity measurement was carried out at the substation site using a 4-pole Megger earth tester based onWenner method. The soil structure was determined using RESAP module, while the design was implemented usingSESCAD and executed by MALT module. Results indicated a slight reduction of earth grid resistance, 0.6%, 5.8% and6.5%, respectively as the grid burial depth was varied from 0.5m to 1.5m in steps of 0.5m. The touch and step voltages werefound to be lower when surface layer material was not applied and higher when surface layer materials of 3000Ω-m and5000Ω-m resistivity were interchangeably applied on the grid surface. It was also found that, the calculated earth gridresistance from IEEE Std. 80-2000 equation was lower than the grid resistance computed by MALT.

95. Hybrid Methodology UtilizingWeibull Function and Yager'sCombination Rule for PowerTransformer Health Ranking

Mohd Radzian Abdul Rahman (Research Institution, Malaysia)

Abstract – This paper describes a hybrid methodology to fuse power transformer condition's evidence for powertransformer's condition evaluation. Field transformer data were collected and mathematical algorithms were developed tomodel degree of belief for assignment to power transformer condition's propositions. The ranking of the power transformersbased on this methodology is compared with the ranking of power transformer by single evidence. Different sets of failedtransformers data were collected to evaluate this approach. We demonstrate the interpretation of power transformer conditionbased on Yager's combination rule in this paper.

96. Flexible Economic Load DispatchIntegrating Electric Vehicles

Hossein Zeynal (KDU University College, Malaysia); Jiazhen Yap (KDU University College,Malaysia); Brian Azzopardi (Kaunas University of Technology (KTU), Lithuania); Mostafa Eidiani

(Khorasan Institute of Higher Education, Iran)

Abstract – Incorporation of Electric Vehicles (EV) into power grids may pose major challenges on efficient operation of thesystem. The solution process of Economic Dispatch (ED) which allocates the generator outputs can be either exacerbated orimproved. The conventional ED problem is thus reformulated, encompassing EV's operational constraints. As a result, ED-EV algorithm build up a novel optimization model that minimizes total dispatch costs while taking into account a plethora ofthe inter-temporal and spatial constraints for a daily operation. Simulation results exhibited that the proposed ED-EVeffectively improves the total dispatch costs and an efficient use of generation sources. However, it can be done bypropitious shifts in generation plan from peak to off-peak hours as well as the EV dual operational mode(charging/discharging) advantages. Further, the obtained results represents that employing Newton Raphson (NR) load flowcalculation instead of approximated loss techniques can procure an accurate and precise solution, which can also offer aclose observation on system status following small breezes in operation. Based on the results, the integration of the EVs intothe grid can immensely enhance the socio-and-techno-economic aspects of the system operation.

97. A Hybrid Neuro-Genetic Approachfor STLF: A Comparative Analysis of

Control Parameter VariationsBadar Islam (University Technology Petronas, Malaysia); Zuhairi Baharudin (Universiti Teknologi

PETRONAS, Malaysia); Perumal Nallagownden (Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia);Muhammad Qamar Raza (Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia)

Abstract – This paper picturesquely depicts the comparison of different techniques applied for the prediction of loaddemand. In particular, it highlights the latest trends under new circumstances based on modern non analytical soft computingmodels based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and heuristic search technique genetic algorithm (GA), employed in thefield of electrical load forecasting. A very clear advocacy about the changing trends of integrating multiple techniques forthe development of hybrid forecast models is narrated in very simple way. Load forecast has always been recognized as apivotal process in the planning and operational decision making by managers of electric utilities. Multiple techniques andapproaches having different engineering considerations and economic analysis are deployed for this purpose. However,ANN based methods for load forecast are found better in terms of accuracy and robustness during the past few years. Thissupremacy is because of the inherent ability of mapping and memorizing the relationships between inputs and outputs ofANN models during their training phase. A hybrid approach that uses ANN and GA is proposed in this research with anemphasis to study the effect of varying the control parameters of both techniques. The focus is to study the impact of varyingthe input variables and architecture of neural network; and population size, of GA. Further a clear comparison is alsopresented that explains the results of these variations in terms of load forecast accuracy and computational cost.

98. Optimization of PhotovoltaicModule Electrical Characteristics Using

Genetic Algorithm (A ComparativeStudy Between Simulation and Data

Sheet of PV Module)Muhammad Irwanto (Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia); Badlishah R Ahmad (Universiti Malaysia

Perlis, Malaysia); Mahrizal Masri (Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia); Mohd Irwan Yusoff(Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia); Gomesh nair Shasidharan (Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis,

Malaysia)

Abstract – This paper presents the optimization of PV module electrical characteristics using genetic algorithm (GA). Amathematical modeling was used to characterize the electrical characteristics of PV module. A 180 W, 30 V, Sharp mono-crystal silicon PV module (NUS0E3E) was used in this paper. This PV module consists of 48 solar cells configured in seriesstrings. Under constant temperature and different solar irradiance were tested to the PV module using GA, its electricalcharacteristics shown in curves and compared to the data sheet and a reference and also 3-dimensional diagram as functionof both solar irradiance and temperature shown and discussed. The result shows that the comparison of simulation resultsusing GA with data sheet of current-voltage and power-voltage curve illustrates a good correlation, if the temperatureconstant and solar irradiance increase will cause the short circuit current, open circuit voltage, maximum power andefficiency increase.

99. The Used of Fast-Fourier Transform(FFT) Demodulation for Flicker Source

IdentificationAhmad Farid Abidin (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Malaysia)

Abstract – Flicker Power Algorithm is one of the coomon technique for flicker source identification in power system. It isdue to the scheme of this algorithm that follows the acceptable IEEE Flicker Meter standard. However, these Flicker PowerAlgorithm techniques alone are facing the deficiency due the inaccurate flicker power calculation. In this paper, Fast FourierTransform (FFT) demodulation method is proposed as supplementary technique to overcome such deficiency. The IEEE 13bus test system with different location of flicker source has been used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposedtechnique.

100. Solar Cell Using SensitizerExtracted From Organic Substances

Gomesh nair Shasidharan (Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia)

Abstract – Renewable energy is rapidly gaining importance as energy resources to replace conventional energy such as fossilfuel and coal. One of most potential renewable energy in Malaysia is Photovoltaic System. This project presented thefabrication of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) using organic dye from dragon fruit, chlorophyll from spinach extract andblueberry dye. DSSC is one type of solar cell which is low cost, easy to fabricate and most important thing is clean toenvironment because it uses organic dye as sensitizer to absorb more photons from light. To fabricate DSSC, doctor bladingmethod is used to flatter the Titanium Dioxide paste into conductive ITO glass. Titanium Dioxide will be in size range of 40µm that the resulting sintered layer is highly porous. Titanium dioxide is a white semiconductor that is not sensitive tovisible light, and that is why dye is used to absorb the light. After fabricate TiO2, dip the solar cell into dye until the TiO2change to dye's colour. Then, put electrolyte into solar cell, sandwiched p-n type together and measured the voltage opencircuit and current short circuit. The measurement of DSSC is tested using halogen lamp as the light source for solar cell.The efficiency of using blueberry as sensitizer is 4.53% better than used chlorophyll dye which is 3.60% and dragon fruitdye is 4.07%. The efficiency of DSSC is range between 10-11%, so with using dragon fruit dye as sensitizer, the efficiencyof Gratzel's Cell can be achieved.

101. Dynamic Assessment of Voltage &Reactive Power Control in Oman

Transmission SystemOmar H. Abdalla (Oman Electricity Transmission Company, Oman); Adil AlBusaidi (Oman

Electricity Transmission Company, Egypt); Hilal Al-Hadi (Oman Electricity Transmission Company,Oman); Hisham Al-Riyami (Oman Electricity Transmission Company, Oman); Ahmed Al-Nadabi

(Oman Electricity Transmission Company, Oman); Karim Karoui (Tractebel Engineering, Belgium);Ariadne Szekut (Tractebel Engineering, Belgium)

Abstract – The paper presents dynamic assessment of voltage and reactive power control in the Main InterconnectedTransmission System (MITS) in Oman. Two case studies are considered; namely the MITS with and without distributedgenerators. Voltage and reactive power control is achieved by optimization process to maximize reactive power margin ofgenerating units to maintain as much as possible reserves on different generators. The optimal power flow technique is usedto determine the optimal settings of the control facilities. These include adjustment of generation reactive power injections,transformer tap-changers and switching on/off of controllable shunt capacitors. The objective is to verify that the MITS isable to achieve an adequate steady-state voltage profile and acceptable dynamic performance. A model of the MITS isdeveloped and simulation results are presented to show the dynamic performance of the system when it is subjected to alarge disturbances such as outage of a generating unit or outage of a transmission circuit.

102. Implication of Transmission LineOutages and System Cascading Collapse

in the Evaluation of TRM and ATCNur Ashida Salim (University Teknologi Mara, Malaysia); Muhammad Murtadha Othman (UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia); Ismail Musirin (Universiti Teknologi Mara, Shah Alam, Malaysia); Md

Salleh Serwan (APS, Malaysia)

Abstract – Available transfer capability (ATC) and transmission reliability margin (TRM) provides imperative informationfor power marketers and planning sectors in a deregulated power system. The stochastic environment of power systemactivities, however, made the evaluation of TRM and ATC a intricate and complicated task. A stochastic structure has beenestablished for TRM and ATC calculation with implication of uncertainties in transmission line outages and systemcascading collapse. The evaluation of the proposed TRM and ATC calculation is based on bootstrap technique which allowsgenerating random samples of transmission line outages and system cascading collapse at a predefined confidence interval.The IEEE RTS-79 network is used as a case study in order to verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposedtechnique. The results elucidate the significant impact of uncertainties on TRM and ATC value.

103. Optimal Charging Strategy for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Using

Evolutionary AlgorithmMohd Redzuan Ahmad (Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia); Ismail Musirin (Universiti Teknologi

Mara, Shah Alam, Malaysia); Muhammad Murtadha Othman (Universiti Teknologi MARA,Malaysia)

Abstract – Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) has gained immense popularity ever since it offers many advantages ascompared to conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle. One millions of PHEVs are estimated to be in the USAmarket by 2015. Uncoordinated PHEV charging will cause significant impacts to the power grid; i.e. lines and transformersoverload and voltage drops. Appropriate charging methods should be used to minimize the impacts of PHEV chargingactivities and at the same time minimize daily charging cost. This paper presents methods used to charge the PHEV batterynamely price-based charging, load-based charging and SOC-based charging. Evolutionary programming (EP) is then used tooptimize the charging rate and SOC thus minimizing the charging cost. Charging cost is calculated based on real timeelectricity price i.e. Locational Marginal Price (LMP). Since the data pattern for LMP is similar throughout the week, theday-ahead price model is used to calculate charging cost. Results from the study indicated that charging strategies usedproduces different impacts to the grid. Moreover charging cost may vary from one method to another. Optimization ofcharging rate and SOC hence minimized charging cost is done by EP

104. Adaptive Embedded ClonalEvolutionary Programming for Optimal

DG InstallationNur Zahirah Mohd Ali (Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia); Ismail Musirin (Universiti Teknologi

Mara, Shah Alam, Malaysia)

Abstract – Distributed Generation (DG) has gained increasing popularity as a viable element of electric power systems. DGas a small scale generation sources located at or near load center is usually deployed within the distribution system.Installation of DG has many positive impacts such as reducing transmission and distribution network congestion, differingcostly for upgrading process, and improving the overall system performance by reducing power losses and enhancingvoltage profiles. The purpose of this paper is to present a new technique namely Adaptive Embedded Clonal EvolutionaryProgramming (AECEP). The objective of the study is to employ AECEP optimization technique for loss minimization andvoltage profile monitoring. This technique was developed to optimally determine the location and sizing of DG for the samepurpose. Test was performed on the IEEE 69-Bus RDS for several cases in terms of loading conditions. The proposedAECEP was implemented for single DG and two DGs installation. The result of the proposed AECEP technique was foundin a good agreement with those obtained from the EP and AIS in terms of loss minimization and voltage profileimprovement.

105. A Hybrid Meta-HeuristicsOptimization Technique for Loss

Minimization and Cluster Identificationin Power System Network

Siti Amely Jumaat (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia); Ismail Musirin (UniversitiTeknologi Mara, Shah Alam, Malaysia); Muhammad Murtadha Othman (Universiti Teknologi

MARA, Malaysia); Hazlie Mokhlis (Electrical Engineering Department, Malaysia)

Abstract – This paper introduces a new approach of hybrid meta-heuristics based technique for minimize the transmissionloss and the clustering of FACTS device installation in the power system network. The proposal Evolutionary ParticleSwarm Optimization technique has been implemented to minimize the transmission loss, to improve the voltage andmonitoring the cost of installation in the system. Also, the cluster identification through FACTS device installation in thepower system is proposed. Comparison with conventional Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and EvolutionaryProgramming (EP) have been done to realize the effectiveness of proposed techniques.

106. Performance Comparison of 4-PoleNeodymium Magnet Bedini SSG Free

Energy GeneratorFahzal Shahrel Fakhrurrazey (UiTM, Malaysia); Wan Noraishah Wan Abdul Munim (Universiti

Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Zulkifli Othman (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, UniversitiTeknologi Mara, Malaysia)

Abstract – The Bedini SSG is one types of magnetic motor generators based on zero point technology created anddemonstrated by John Bedini. This device acts as a self-battery charger. This type of free energy generator can be one of analternative way to replace the non-renewable energy sources that will run out in future. Therefore, this paper presents theperformance comparison for 2 types of Bedini SSG free energy generator as self-charger. The study is mainly focused onperformance comparison of 4-pole neodymium magnet Bedini SSG free energy generator with Bedini SSG based on originaldesign. This project focused on the construction of the original Bedini Monopole Mechanical Oscillator SSG Energizer and4-Pole Neodymium Magnet Bedini SSG. Besides that, this paper will identify the Battery's Coefficient of Performance(COP) for both designs. Investigate and analyses were done for both types of Bedini SSG and the Battery's Coefficient ofPerformance (COP) for both Bedini SSG were also determined.

107. Pico-Hydro Power Generation UsingDual Pelton Turbines and Single

GeneratorAhmad Khusairee Yahya (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Wan Noraishah Wan Abdul

Munim (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Zulkifli Othman (Faculty of Electrical Engineering,Universiti Teknologi Mara, Malaysia)

Abstract – This paper presents a Pico-hydro generation system is the effective way to help the remote communities bygenerates electricity using water as a main source. Therefore, the main objective of this project is to introduce the greentechnology for the society in order to reduce the cost of fuel consumption. Green technology as an alternative energywhereas it is cheap, effective and reliable. It can reduce sources of fuel, capital costs and pollution. Furthermore, the idea ofthis project is to generate electricity by develop a prototype of pico-hydro generation system that produce low capacity to beused in rural communities. Generally, this project focused on designing and producing a pico-hydro system that can be usedfor small capacity equipments such as motor and bulb. Besides, this project able to analyze the output of generator based onthe rotation of turbine. Water flow in the high-pressure PVC pipe has potential to drives the turbine where it is connectedwith a generator to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy.

108. Cost-Effective and Real-TimeSCADA Home Energy Monitoring

SystemSivajothi Paramasivam (KDU University College, Malaysia); Linganathan Thillainathan (Mahkota

Research Sdn Bhd, Malaysia); Hossein Zeynal (KDU University College, Malaysia); Diana Nabbanda(KDU University College, Malaysia)

Abstract – Energy generally is one of the most valuable commodities of which electricity dominating the high utilizationindex in the world today. The non-renewable and fuel-fired generating resources that form the primary mode of producingelectricity have been experiencing a rapid decline in quantity due to high consumption of electricity energy across variedactivities of mankind, thus currently causing a worldwide concern. This crisis is further compounded as the populationgrowth is expanding in an escalating manner which requires an approach to create an impact towards awareness inencouraging and promoting energy efficiency as a way to narrow the supply and demand gap. For this reason, a SCADAbased system has been developed and adopted in a practice aimed at creating conscious mind among users on utilization ofelectricity to operate home appliances on a daily basis. It is targeted at residential sector as the system is capable to log in,display and provide real time feedback on energy consumption for each active appliance. The reliable monitoring systemenables advising end users on usage level and prompts to take necessary precaution to reduce waste as well as saving onmonetary values on energy bill, thus creating a more responsible society towards promoting energy efficiency. Based on thesimulation results, the proposed real-time home SCADA system offers an efficient and cost-effective energy savingstrategies as compared with traditional monitoring system.

109. Directional Overcurrent RelayCoordination Problem Using ModifiedSwarm Firefly Algorithm Considering

the Effect of Population SizeMuhamad Hatta Hussain (Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia); Ismail Musirin (Universiti Teknologi

Mara, Shah Alam, Malaysia); Ahmad Farid Abidin (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, UniversitiTeknologi Mara, Malaysia); Siti Rafidah Abdul Rahim (Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia)

Abstract – This paper presents the implementation of Modified Swarm Firefly Algorithm (MSFA) technique whichconsiders the effect of population size in solving directional overcurrent relay coordination problem. The coordination ofdirectional overcurrent relays is formulated as linear programming problem and the proposed technique is compared withthose obtained using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Implementation of the MSFA technique in minimizing theoperating time of the relay which depends on the time setting multiplier has shown better results and avoidingmiscoordination between each relay pairs. The simulation results on 8 bus test system demonstrated that the MSFAtechnique is capable in solving directional overcurrent relay coordination problem much better than PSO in terms ofcomputation time.

110. Novel IEEE802.15.4 Protocol forModern SCADA Communication

SystemsMusse Mohamud Ahmed, Dr (International Islamic University, Malaysia); Alhareth Zyoud

(International Islamic University, Malaysia); Hikma Shabani (International Islamic UniversityMalaysia, Malaysia); Mohamed Hadi Habaebi (Co-supervisor, Malaysia)

Abstract – Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system is a computer system for collecting and analyzingdata in almost real-time manner for data control and data management purposes. Communication plays, thus, a core role inSCADA systems. The use of wireless sensor network (WSN) can, however, lead to a more flexible and powerful protectionscenarios than the currently used wired sensors. Hence, in order to provide a real-time data exchanges in Low Voltage SmartGrid Distribution Systems and thus, predict a Real-time system control and operation, a Novel IEEE802.15.4 Protocol forSCADA Communication System is modeled in this paper. Verification analysis for the protocol has been carried out usingNS-2 Simulation and the achieved results are encouraging.

111. Characterization and Evaluation ofCreepy Waves in Zigbee Body Area

NetworksMusse Mohamud Ahmed, Dr (International Islamic University, Malaysia); Alhareth Zyoud

(International Islamic University, Malaysia); Mohamed Hadi Habaebi (Co-supervisor, Malaysia)

Abstract – With the regard to the advancement in technology, Body Area Network (BAN) is one of the increasing interestsfor a number of applications, such as medical-sensor networks. Designing and evaluating its characteristics is necessary asthey are used to monitor vital signs of human body which has to be accurate, reliable and secure. This paper reviews themain characteristics of on body communication network using Zigbee Body Area Network. Measurements of signal strengthand the creepy waves of transmitted and received signals are performed. The measurements are conducted in a roomenvironmental by performing those measurements on human body in different scenarios.

112. Exponential Based PSO Performedon DG Installation for Loss

Minimization Considering THDNurulddin Ameir Ahmad (Mara University of Technology, Malaysia)

Abstract – This paper presents the study of an optimization technique that is developed to locate the optimal location and thesize (power rating) of Distributed Generation (DG) for its installation to a distribution system. In this study, a new techniquecalled Exponential Inertia Weight Particle Swarm Optimization is proposed where a new exponential driver is introduced instandard Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Iw was tested on IEEE 10 bus radial distribution system. The result is thencompared with the result from Artificial Immune System (AIS). The objective is to minimize overall system power loss andimproving voltage profile. The proposed optimization technique is developed under MATLAB programming. Test resultsindicate that EIPSO can reduce the total system loss and improve the voltage profile better than AIS for the distributionsystem under various loading conditions. To display the presence of harmonics, the developed EIPSO was integrated withFast Fourier Transform (FFT) harmonic load flow algorithm.

113. Voltage Stability Prediction byUsing Artificial Immune Least SquareSupport Vector Machines (AILSVM)

Zuhaina Zakaria (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Titik Khawa Abdul Rahman (KingAbdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia); Nur Fadilah Ab Aziz (Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Malaysia)

Abstract – This paper presents a new hybrid optimisation technique for voltage stability prediction called Artificial ImmuneLeast Square Support Vector Machine (AILSVM). In this paper, a newly developed index named as Voltage StabilityCondition Indicator (VSCI) is used to assess the stability state of load buses in the system. VSCI is derived from the currentequation in a complex form of a general 2-bus system. Support Vector Machine (SVM) has been proven to be a powerfultool for solving numerous problems in many fields. However, in order to obtain its best performance, a right combination ofthe SVM parameters is needed. Therefore, Artificial Immune System (AIS) was used as the evolutionary search technique tooptimise the value of SVM parameters. The simulations were carried out in a steady state analysis and the data generatedwere trained and tested under various types of loading conditions either due to an increase in active and/or reactive power.The obtained results show that the proposed methods can successfully give a very good prediction with the predicted valuesvery close to the actual value. All simulations were tested on IEEE 30 bus Reliability Test Systems (RTS).

114. A Hybrid Bat Algorithm ArtificialNeural Network for Grid- Connected

Photovoltaic System Output PredictionZulkifli Othman (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Malaysia)

Abstract – This research have been conducted to predict the output power of grid-connected photovoltaic (GCPV) systemusing hybrid Bat Algorithm-Artificial Neural Network (BA-ANN) in this paper. In this project, ANN utilized data fromGCPV database includes Solar Irradiance (SI), Ambient Temperature (AT) and Module Temperature (MT) as the inputs andapply output power as a single output. More importantly, bat algorithm optimization was apply to minimize Root MeanSquare Error (RMSE) by optimized the number of neurons in the hidden layer, learning rate and momentum rate. Aftertraining steps, testing will take a part for affirm the ANN training. The results obtained have been compared with the resultsfrom Evolutionary Programming-Artificial Neural Network (EP-ANN) with the similar input and output configurations. It isobserved that result for BA-ANN had performed more than EP-ANN in term of producing lower RMSE. Besides that,optimal learning algorithm, time taken, and population were also take part in this research.

115. Optimal Capacitor Placement andSizing in an Unbalanced Three-Phase

Distribution System Using ParticleSwarm Optimization Technique

Muhd Azri Abdul Razak (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Muhammad Bukhari Shahidan(Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Zilaila Hj. Zakaria (Universti Institut Teknologi Mara,

Malaysia); Mohd Ainor Yahya (Mara University of Technology, Malaysia); Muhammad MurtadhaOthman (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Ismail Musirin (Universiti Teknologi Mara, ShahAlam, Malaysia); Mohamad Fadhil Mohd Kamal (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia); Junaidah

Ariffin (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Abstract – Installing shunt capacitor in a radial distribution system can provide a lot of benefit. There are many ways toinstall capacitor as long as the sizes not exceed the original inductive reactive power in the system. But it is very difficult todetermine where is the right locations and to determine the proper size of capacitors. In addition, the unbalance nature ofdistribution system make the placement to be more complicated. Optimal placement of capacitor is a highly nonlinearoptimization problem with discrete control variables. This paper proposed an artificial intelligence (A.I.) approach to getoptimal total line loss reduction and cost of capacitor while improving voltage profile along the feeders. It was done byintegrating the circuitry distribution model in SIMULINK with particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm constructed inMATLAB. A modified IEEE 13-bus three phase unbalanced radial distribution system was used as it is close to the nature ofactual distribution system.

116. Development of Dynamic SimulationTools for Induction Motor StudyRahmatul Hidayah Salimin (Universiti Teknologi Mara, Malaysia)

Abstract – This paper presents a development of teaching aid for induction motor starting technique by usingMatlab/Simulink. The main objective for this study is to build accurate and reliable simulations model that can be very goodteaching aids for undergraduate students to learn the differences between induction motor starting techniques. Each startingtechniques which is differ in term of their respective wiring connection has been selected because there are the mostapplicable and widely used in the industrial area due to its economic reason. This study uses Simulink model to represent thestationary reference qd0 model of a single excited, three phase induction motor and was given an interactive interface whichmakes it easier for students to learn the induction motor starting techniques. Finally, some major conclusions are obtainedand advantages and disadvantages of described techniques are discussed.

117. Optimized Artificial Neural Networkfor the Detection of Incipient Faults in

Power TransformerFathiah Zakaria (Universiti Teknologi Mara Malaysia, Malaysia); Dalina Johari (University of

Technology MARA, Malaysia); Ismail Musirin (Universiti Teknologi Mara, Shah Alam, Malaysia)

Abstract – This paper presents optimized Artificial Neural Network to identify and detect incipient faults in powertransformer. This study involved the development of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models and embedding EvolutionaryProgramming (EP) as the computational technique to optimize the built ANN. The optimized ANN is namely as EPANN. Asone of the most important equipment in electrical power system, the condition of the equipment need to be monitored closelyto avoid any disturbances since its operating status directly influences reliability and stability of the overall power system.Historical industrial data of Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) were used and the analysis works are based on IEC 60599(2007) standard. Based on the acquired findings, the EPANN is proven yields a very satisfactory result compared to nonoptimized ANN.

118. Study on Optimal Machining ofTurbine Blades

Masu Yamada (TBM, Japan); Yuuki Watanabe (University of Yamanashi, Japan); Ryuuhei Fujinuma(University of Yamanashi, Japan); Kazuyoshi Ishida (University of Yamanashi, Japan); Keiji Sonoya

(University of Yamanashi, Japan); Hiroshi Satoh (Oridea Inc., Japan)

Abstract – This paper, aiming to decrease the amount of the transformation caused by the machining of the turbine bladesmaterial made of shape forging, investigates the optimal machining method for them. Accordingly, through merely theexperiment that used the rectangular test pieces made of the rolled steel with the same chemical composition as the actualblades had been performed, we obtained the findings that the transformation of the material by the milling is convex in thedirection of rolling, and is concave in the perpendicular direction to it. Moreover, it turned out clear that the amount of thetransformation and its increase are almost in proportion to the frequency of cutting.

119. Impact of EMI Filter Installed in ACUPS System to Earth Leakage Current

Mohd Riduan Bin Mohd Shariff, P. Eng (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia);Mohammad Faiz Liew Abdullah (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Malaysia)

Abstract – In today's advanced communication, electronic and electrical technology, the used of ElectromagneticInterference (EMI) filter has almost become mandatory. Therefore it requires careful and high attention on the impact of thisEMI filter installation. This paper discussed and explained the application of Earthing Current Signature Analysis (ECSA) asnew developing technique in determining the earth leakage current contributed by the EMI filter installed in the AlternatingCurrent (AC) Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) system in Oil and Gas industry.

120. Electromagnetic Performance ofHigh-Torque and Low-Speed PM

Brushless MachinesMohd Luqman Mohd Jamil (UTEM, Malaysia); Zulfikri Zaki Zolkapli (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia

Melaka, Malaysia); Syed Muhammad Syed Abdullah Al Habshi (Universiti Teknikal MalaysiaMelaka, Malaysia); Auzani Jidin (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia); Md Nazri Othman

(Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia)

Abstract – This paper presents investigation of electromagnetic performances such as open-circuit flux-density, back-EMFand output torque on two fractional-slot PM brushless motors. Their ratios of slot-number to pole number are similarrespectively, i.e. one with slot-number to pole number differs by one and the other differs by two. Theirs main parameterssuch as split-ratio, axial length as well as rated torque and rated speed are fixed for the purpose of electromagneticcomparison. The investigation is performed by using 2D finite-element analysis in which saturation condition is considered.From the investigation, the motor design is adequately reliable for robotic application based on predicted performance ofhigh torque at low speed

121. Implementation of Artificial BeesColony on Real Power Line Loss

AllocationAbdul Rahman Minhat (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia); Ismail Musirin (Universiti

Teknologi Mara, Shah Alam, Malaysia)

Abstract – Transmission power loss has become a progressing issue these days due to the changes from monopolized toderegulation environment. This can be due to the large transmission power loss which leads to monetary losses. Thepresence of deregulated power system requires the participants to make decision on transmission line charge. Hence it isnecessary to have a method to determine fair, transparent and equitable charges among market participants respectively. Thispaper proposed a heuristic technique termed as Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm for real power line allocation forsolving the line loss allocation among market participants. In this study ABC Algorithm optimization engine is utilized tosolve the real power loss allocation. The proposed technique was validated on IEEE 30 Bus Reliability Test System. Resultsobtained from the study indicated that the proposed ABC algorithm technique is superior as compared to Particle SwarmOptimization (PSO) technique.

122. Sequence Alignment Using SystolicArray for an Accelerator

Syed Abdul Mutalib Al Junid (Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia)

Abstract – This paper presents a DNA sequence alignment using Smith Waterman, SW Algorithm. By applying thisalgorithm, it will examine all possible ways to solve the problem and will pick the best solution for optimal alignment of thetwo sequences. However, the SW algorithm is not commonly used to search sequence databases because it is too slow whenexecuted against many lengthy sequences. In order to reduce the problem and improve the speed of the sequence alignment,the concept of systolic array for parallel computational is used. The simulation is done using LabVIEW software. The timetaken to align DNA sequence with the length of 6 base sequences using normal SW is 0.078s while using systolic arrayconcept the time taken is 0.0624s and for DNA sequence of 8 base sequences using normal SW is 0.1092s while usingsystolic array concept it is 0.0936s. Thus, by applying systolic array concept, it will improve the speed of processing thealgorithm to align DNA sequence.