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IMMUNIZABLE DISEASES

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TUBERCULOSIS

• Ranks the 6th  in the leading cause of

morbidity and mortality

• 6-12 months after the infection- the most

hazardous period for the development of

clinical disease

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• Degree of Communicability depends on:

Number of bacilli discharged

Virulence of bacilliAerosolization by coughing and sneezing

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• Case Findings: DIRECT SPUTUM SMEAR

MICROSCOPY (DSSM)- primary Diagnostic tool

• No TB Diagnosis will be made based on the

results of the X-ray alone.

• HEMOPTYSIS  – is the only contraindication to

sputum collection.

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New Smear positive PTB

With extensiveparenchymal lesions

Extrapulmonary TB

Severe concomitant HIVDisease

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A. Intensive Phase: 2mos RIPE (Rifampicin ,INH, PZA, Ethambutol)

B. Continuation Phase:4MONTHS RI

(Rifampicin, INH)

6 months

treatment

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Treatment Failure

Relapse cases

Return after default

8 months

treatment

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A. Intensive Phase: 2

mos. RIPES (Rifampicin ,INH, PZA, Ethambutoll,Streptomycin IM)

B. Continuation Phase:

1 month RIPE (Rifampicin, INH, PZA, Ethambutol)

5 mos. RIE (Rifampicin ,INH, Ethambutol)

8 months

treatment

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Same Regimen as in

Category 1.

4 months

treatment

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Chronic-still smear

positive supervised re-treatment

REFER:

DOTS center

Provincial City NTPCoordinator

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FDC- number of dose will depend on body

weight

BODY WEIGHT NO. OF TABLETS PERDAY

30-37 kg 2

38-54 kg 3

55-70 kg 4

Above 70 kg 5

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DIPHTHERIA

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• Period of Communicability: 2 weeks but

usually shorten with the use of antibiotic

• Pathognomonic Sign: PSEUDOMEMBRANE

• Immunity:

• Infants born of mothers who had diphtheria arerelatively immune but disappear before 6 mos.

• Immunity is often acquired through unrecognized

infection

• Usually lifelong immunity

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• Prevention- DPT= 1 ½ months x 3 doses = 4

weeks interval

• Absolute CONTRAINDICATIONS:

• If the child has

convulsions or shockw/in 3 days after DPT

DPT2 /DPT3

• Vaccines containingthe whole cellpertussis component

NeurologicalDisease

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PERTUSSIS

Whooping Cough

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Period of Communicability: early Catarrhal

Sources of Infection: discharged fromlaryngeal and bronchial mucousmembrane of infected persons

Description of cough: Paroxysmal coughending in a characteristic whoop orprolong crowing noise

Immunity: usually life long after infection

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TET NUS

Lock Jaw

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ANAEROBICBACILLUS

VEGETATIVE

SPORATIVE

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• Incubation period: 3 days to 1 month or more.

The shorter the incubation period, the poorer

the prognosis.

• Tetanus Neonatorum- a newborn with a

history of:

Normal suck for the first 2 days of life

• Onset of illness between 3-26 days

Inability to suck followed by stiffness ofthe body and or convulsion

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TT Immunization Schedule

VACCINE MINIMUM INTERVAL PROTECTION

TT1 As early as possible

during pregnancy

------

TT2 At least 4 weeks later 80%

TT3 At least 6 months 95%

TT4 At least 1 year later 99%

TT5 At least 1 year later 99%

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POLIOMYELITIS

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•Period of Communicability- from incubationperiod to prodromal stage

• Mode of entry:

GIT (more common entry)Respiratory

•   Paralysis- Asymmetrical

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Prevention: OPV

Storage Temperature

• 15 °C- 25 °C 

2 gtts- do not let droppertouch child’s tongue 

If the child spits out, GIVEanother dose

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LEPROSY

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•Methods of Transmission:Prolonged Skin to Skin Contact

Respiratory

•  Diagnosis-currently based on clinical signsand symptoms

Slit Skin Smear (SSS)- an optional procedure

• R.A. 4073- Advocates Home treatment

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MULTIPLE DRUG THERAPY

PAUBACILLARY

(PB)

TuberculoidType and

Indeterminate

MULTIPAUBACILLARY

(MB)Lepromatous

type &

Borderline or

Mixed Time

Duration of

Treatment: 6-9months

Duration of

Treatment: 12-

18 months

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PAUBACILLARY LEPROSY CASES

DRUGS/DURATION ADULT CHILD (10-14 yrs)

RIFAMPICIN 6OO mg once a month 450 mg once a month

DAPSONE 100 mg daily 50 mg daily

Duration of treatment 6 blister packs to be taken

monthly within a maximum

period of 9 months

6 blister packs to be taken

monthly within a maximum

period of 9 months

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MULTIPAUBACILLARY LEPROSY CASES

DRUGS/DURATION ADULT CHILD (10-14 yrs)RIFAMPICIN 6OO mg once a month 450 mg once a month

DAPSONE 100 mg daily 50 mg daily

CLOFAZIMINE 300 mg once a month and

50 mg daily

150 mg once a month, and

50 mg every other day

Duration of treatment 12 blister packs to be taken

monthly within a maximum

period of 18 months

12 blister packs to be taken

monthly within a maximum

period of 18 months