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CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 1
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF
LOGISTICS (A School of Logistics)
Academic Partner of Vels University
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 2
Logistics
• Logistics refers to the planning, execution and control of transportation of goods (merchandise) from suppliers’ manufacturing place to the consumers’ consumption place in a safe, timely, efficient, and cost-effective manner, without damages along with all other associated activities incidental to such transport.
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 3
INDUSTRY GROWTH• The Estimated Size Of The INDIAN LOGISTICS
INDUSTRY in 2006~ usd $ 90 Billion Which is 13% of GDP
• Of this the Share of The Organised Logistics Outsourcing Industry is 6%
• The organised Logistics outsourcing Market is projected to witness 25% CAGR over FY 06 – FY 11 Which is $ 115 Billion
• This would Increase the CONTRIBUTION to 14%
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 4
Year 2006 -05 Million TEUS
Year 2012 (Estimated)-12 Millions TEUS
CONTAINER VOLUME IN INDIA
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 5
DSB REPORTS
• DSB states on Aug 13 ’07 that
$ 499 million Approx. Rs.20,000 Crores
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 6
Baltic Dry Index Position 1985 to 2003 - 500 to 2500 Pts
2003 to 2007 - 7000 Pts ( 5 Times increases)
As of Aug 3rd ’07- 7007 Pts (103 % growth from last year 2006)
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 7
ROE ( Return on Capital Employment)
• Dry bulk Shipping profitability ( Approx) 20 % to 30% growth
• Some the Dry bulk companies yielding profitability about 300 % ROE
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 8
PRIVATISATION
• Railway traffic for Cargoes Privatized
• The new policy opens up all the container freight transportation routes simultaneously and allows entry even to companies without prior exposure in the transportation sector.
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 9
ChPT plans Mega terminal
• Apart from PSA-Sical to operate second box terminal at Chennai port and Ennore Container terminal, ChPT plans Mega Terminal
• The Chennai Port Trust is setting up a megaterminal for container handling at an estimated cost of Rs 3,050 crore
• Able to handle ultra-large container ships of 13,000-15,000 TEUS capacity and length exceeding 400 metres.
• The terminal will have an along-side depth of 18 metres, continuous quay length of 2 km and a backup area of about 100 hectares
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 10
Port Expansion
• Chennai Port presently handling about 500 Million tonnes
• Capacity addition to the port will be 1.5 Billion tonnes per annum
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 11
Economy growth with Seaborne trade
Economy Growing @9.1% with Seaborne Trade Growth @95 %
China ports capacity -3 Billion Tonnes
Strong economic growth: IMF estimates 4.9% global GDP growth for 2007 on the back of a rapid growth in China and India and a moderate growth in the US.
A strong global GDP growth should lead to a strong demand for
key industrial raw materials like crude, iron ore and coal. This is expected to aid the shipping industry's growth.
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 12
BUDGET 2006-07
• Investment of Rs 220 bn expected in the refinery sector in the next few years.
• National Maritime Development Programme (NMDP) approved. Work is in progress in 101 projects covering inland waterways, shipping and ports including deepening of channels in Kandla, JNPT and Paradip.
• Plan allocation for Department of Shipping increased by 37% to Rs 7.4 bn.
• Approved the revised proposal for time-bound implementation of International Transshipment Terminal (ITT) at Kochi port
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 13
NMDP PROJECTS
• The Investment of Rs.55803.73 Crores has been earmarked
by all Major Ports for NMDP projects
• About Rs.40505.34 Crores envisaged from the Private sector
including JVs with other PSUs and respected State Government.
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 14
NMDP IN Port Sector
• For Various scheme/projects Port sector entailing the total investment of Rs. 90,000 crores
• 70 % of the above investment comes from Private sectors
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 15
India to start work on freight corridor
India plans to start work on a dedicated rail freight corridor
Prime Minister MANMOHAN SINGH and Railway Minister LALU PRASAD flag off additional suburban trains after laying the foundation for the Freight Corridor (Western) project in Mumbai on Oct’06
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 16
INFRA STRUCTURE PROJECTS
• Focus on port infrastructure: In 2005, Ministry of Shipping, Road Transport and Highways announced the Rs 610 bn National Maritime Development Programme (NMDP) to boost infrastructure at major ports in the next 10 years. The programme is expected to increase the port capacity from 389.5 MT to 917.5 MT by 2014.
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 17
Size of Logistics Industry• The size of Global Logistics industry is US$ 2 trillion
(Rs.90,00,000 crores)
• US’s expenditure on logistics is 8.7% of its GDP of $12 trillion ie., US$ 1 trillion
• You may note that the size of US’s logistics industry alone is roughly 50% of the entire logistics spend of the world.
• In comparision, India with a GDP of US$ 691 billion spends 13% of her GDP on logistics, creating an industry size of US$ 90 billion. (Rs. 4,00,000 crores)
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 18
Projections
• According to Goldman Sach’s research study, India’s GDP could touch US$ 1 trillion by 2010 and at that time, size of India’s logistic industry would be US$ 110 billion (Rs.5,00,000 crores).
• By 2020, the size of logistic industry would be 10% of India’s GDP of US$2 trillion, ie., US$ 200 billion (Rs.10,00,000 crores)
and steadily growing thereafter…….• It is obvious that logistics will be one of the fastest
growing businesses and we only have to take advantage of this boom.
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 19
Projections of Logistics Industry Size
400,000500,000
700,000
1,000,000
0100,000200,000300,000400,000500,000600,000700,000800,000900,000
1,000,000
in R
s. C
rore
s
2006 2010 2014 2020
Year
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 20
Companies which require logistics professionals
• Ship Owners
• Ship Operators
• Ship Managers
• Ship Charterers
• Ship Brokers
• Shipping Agents
• C.F.S s
• Freight Forwarders
• Airline/Air cargo agents
• Road Transport Cos
• Rail Transport Companies
• Export Import Companies
• Trading Houses
• Marine Consultants
• Stevedores
• Container Terminals
• Port Authorities
etc
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 21
SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
F1 F2 LOGISTICS F4 F5
INTERNATIONAL MULTIMODAL LOGISTICS
RAIL + ROADINLAND HAULAGE
PIPE LINES
EX
PO
RTE
R
CHA
CUSTOMS C.F.SF.F
SHIP BROKERS
SURVEYORSVESSEL AGENTS
CONTAINEROPERATION AGENTS
STE
VE
DO
RE
SE
A
LOAD PORT
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 22
IMPORTSS
TE
VE
DO
RE
SURVEYORSVESSEL AGENTS
CONTAINEROPERATION AGENTS
CUSTOMS C.F.SF.F
SHIP BROKERS
CHA
SE
A
DIS
CH
AR
GE
PO
RT
WAREHOUSETRANSPORTATION
RETAIL DISTRIBUTIONS
IMPO
RTE
R
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 23
EXIM TRADE MANAGEMENT
E X
P O
R T
E R
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
GOVERNMENTBODIES
BANKSB/L
ICC & S/PCONTRACTS
PORT AUTHORITIES
INSURANCE
TRADE ASSOCIATES
I M P
O R
T E
RWAREHOUSE
INTERNATIONAL TRADE ORGANIZATION
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 24
Reefer Ships
• To carry fresh fruit, meat & Vegetables and other food products in a clean manner
• Eg: Banana carriers, trading between the Caribbean and Europe.
• Sleek & Fast
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 25
Reefer
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 26
Heavy Lift• Heavy lift vessels are quite
amazing vessels,
• Built to load, carry and discharge large, unusual shaped cargoes (or even smaller vessels) that will simply not fit inside the holds of conventional vessels.
• Shaped quite unlike any other cargo vessels,
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 27
Heavy Lift
• These specialist vessel are often used in the oil industry for the carriage of jack up rigs.
• Other unusual cargoes can include power plants, desalination units, generators and yachts.
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 28
Container Ships• Cargo damages, theft and claims on
general cargo vessel• Cargo handling cost on a general cargo
vessel• Requirement of alternate safe and speed
mode of carriage• Containers been introduced• To day the general cargo ships have nearly
come to an end.• Cargo stuffed in the rectangular boxes 20’ x
8 x 8.5 / 40 x 8 x 8.5• High Cube (or) Super cube of 9.5 “ are also
being loaded• Ship’s constructed to carry these boxes
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 29
Roll on – Roll Off • The roll on / roll – off vessel is
used to carry vehicles which can be driven ‘on’ to the ship directly from the jetty and driven ‘off’ from the ship.
• Frd or aft ramp door and side ramp
• different levels of decks provided for loading vehicles.
• Hydraulic doors fitted to access different decks.
• Stringent requirement for fire fighting appliances
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 30
Car Carrier• Two types (PCC), Pure car carrier & (PC/TC)
build to carry Pure Cars/ Truck carrier• Multi level of decks with feasible height for
the cars.• Stingent regulation for fire fighting appliances• Ramp doors fitted forward or aft and or mid
ships.• Various decks connecting hydraulic doors
fitted• DbBtanks and side tanks fitted.• Ship side doors fitted for pilot access• Windage area very high• Cargo handled by experienced stevedores
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 31
Pure Car Carriers
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 32
Oil Tankers• To carry oil and other liquids in bulk quantity.• Crude carriers are biggest ships ever built• Product carriers move different combustible oil
away from the refineries• Other tankers carry edible oil & wine and some
designed specifically to carry Orange juice• ULCC = 300,000 – 500,000• VLCC = 150,000 – 300,000• MCC = 70,000 - 150,000
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 33
Chemical Carriers• Tankers which carry chemicals in
bulk• Size ranging upto 50,000 DWT• Carry many complex liquids such as
solvents & feed stocks for the manufacturer of plastics
• Highly corrosive, control of pressure & temp needed.
• Carry most highly hazardous materials in bulk
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 34
Gas Carriers
• The LNG carrier (Liquified Natural Gas) and it's cousin the LPG carrier (Liquified Petroleum Gas) are products of the late twentieth century.
• LNG and LPG are the preferred fuel types of certain countries for their industrial power needs.
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 35
LPG
• Petroleum Gas is a by-product of the refining process of crude oil.
• Many uses (eg) cigarette lighters• Two main types – Butane & Propane• Cargo tanks – Cylindrical in shape –
Aluminum Alloy, free standing• To insulate it fm heat – coated with
Polyurethane foam & plywood skins• Butane carried at minus 10 dec C• To transport it, it needs to be either
pressurised into a liquefied form, or kept as a liquid by reducing the temperature
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 36
LNG Carriers
• LNG = Natural gas comes out of ground
• Can be used with little or no treatment• North sea gas – fuels most factories
& homes in UK - typical example.• Japan is also a biggest importer of
LNG• It is not the easiest of cargoes to be
transported, In its natural state, • LNG cannot be liquefied by pressure
alone, hence carried at low temp
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 37
LNG Carriers• Main type of LNG are Ethane &
Methane• Ethane carried at Minus 104 dec C• Methane carried at Minus 176 dec C• GRT=> 75,000 is approx 125,000 cu,.
mtr of cargo• The carriage of an explosive gas -
kept at below freezing temperatures as an unstable liquid presents a very dangerous cargo, but,,,
• LNG Carriers have about the best safety record of all maritime vessels.
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 38
Bulk Carrier• Typical Tramp vessels• Built to carry ore, coal, grain, Scrap, sulphur in bulk in
large quantity• Single deck,long wide hatches• Tanks- wings & double bottom runs all the way• Top and bottom side hoppers to facilitate loading &
discharging• Steel (mc gregor) hatch cover• Bilge system for pumping out• New solas regulations reg bulk• Sizes vary:
– Mid size,panamax, cape size.• Cranes, grabs provided for cargo work• Long short alternate hold (hvy crg)• Cleaning & washing of holds needed• At present in booming market.
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 39
Bulk Carrier
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 40
Bulk Carrier
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 41
Bulk Carriers
• Self Un loaders
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 42
Timber Carrier• Cargo is carried in
Hold & on Deck• Have Stanchions on
deck for support of the log
• Cargo lashed by chains & Wire ropes on deck
• Wind age increases • Stability calculation
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 43
Cement Carrier • Vessel designed to carry only Cement.
• Have own pumps to discharge cement
• Cement is pumped using compressed air
• Totally enclosed system
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 44
Coaster
• Typical vessels plying in Baltic sea
• Designed for near coastal voyages
• 1 or 2 cargo holds
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 45
Combination CarriersOBO & Oil/Ore
carriers• Iron ore carriage –small
heap – stability• Reduced cubic capacity of
the hold to load ore cargo.• Natural development –use
spare space to carry oil.• All gearless vessels
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 46
Live Stock Carrier• The carriage of live animals around the
world is performed by specialist vessels, designed (or adapted) to transport large numbers of cattle and sheep in secure but humane conditions.
• The trade is largely from Australia to the Middle East &/or S.E. Asia.
• One modern vessel may carry up to 125,000 sheep.This transport of live animals requires experienced and specialised operators.
• In 2003, Australia exported over 4,500,000 sheep and nearly 800,000 cattle.
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 47
PASSENGER SHIPS• To accommodate more than 12
passengers• Small ferries, large ships• As size increases comforts
increase• Large dining, swimming
pool,gymnasiam,dance lounges• Liner trade ( definite ports, with
scheduled departures)• Regulation of construction and
maintanance are more stringent• Titanic incident brought SOLAS
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 48
Ferries• Fast ferries or high speed
passenger / Ro-Ro vessel• Air-cushion technique used to
lift the vessel to reduce the resistance and increase the speed of the vessel
• Aluminium alloy, high tensile steel is used for construction
• Large open deck, catamaran type ferries widely used for carrying passengers
• Imo ensures the safety of these crafts with ‘code of practice for high speed craft’ 1996.
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 49
Hydrofoil• A hydrofoil is a boat with wing-like foils mounted on struts
below the hull. As the craft increases its speed the hydrofoils develop enough lift for the boat to become foilborne - i.e. to raise the hull up and out of the water. This results in a great reduction in drag and a corresponding increase in speed.
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 50
Other ships
Tugs
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 51
Other Ships• Dredger
Such ships are usually engaged in the dredging of sand and gravel from the sea bed for commercial use or the maintenance of channels in rivers or harbours and the dumping of soil at sea.
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 52
Other Ships• Ice Breaker
• Research Ships
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 53
Specialised Ship• Fishing Vessel
• Trawlers
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 54
Specialised Ship• Cable lying ships
• Rescue Vessel
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 55
Specialised Ship• Offshore construction
vessel
• Supply Vessels
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 56
Off-shore Support Vessel
• Construction/ Pipe Laying Barges
• Anchor Handling Tugs• Diving Support
Vessels• Crew Boat
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 57
Specialised Ship
• F P S O
Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) Installations
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 58
Specialised Ship• Oil Recovery Vessel
• Salvage Ships
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 59
Harbour Crafts
• Pilot Vessel
• Mooring Boat
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 60
CAPT. V.J. PUSHPAKUMAR 61
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF LOGISTICS (School of Multi-Modal Transport)
#6, India Chamber Building, II Floor, Esplanade, Chennai – 600 108