INDUSTRY INTEGRATED M. TECH
In
Embedded System
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
COURSE STRUCTURE AND SYLLABI
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
CENTURION UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
ODISHA
August 2016
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
M Tech Embedded System (Industry Integrated)
Course Structure
I Year - 1
st Semester
Sl. No. Code Subject L T P Credits
Theory Courses
1 ISES1101 Embedded C Programming (Theory+ Practice Mode) 2 0 3 4
2 ISES1102
Embedded System Design Using ARM Processor(Theory
+Practice Mode) 2 0 3 4
3 ISES1103
Simulink model based Embedded Design(Theory+ Practice
Mode) 2 0 3 4
4 Elective 1 4
5 Elective 2 4
Practice Courses
6 ISES1104 Advanced “ C” Programming Lab 0 0 3 2
7 ISES1105 Embedded system processor Lab 0 0 3 2
Total Credits 24
I Year - 2nd
Semester
Sl. No. Code Subject L T P Credits
Theory Courses
1 ISES1201
Embedded Real Time Operating Systems(Theory+
Practice Mode) 2 0 3 4
2 ISES1202
System Programming using LINUX (Theory+ Practice
Mode) 2 0 3 4
3 ISRM1201 Research methodology 4 0 0 4
4 Elective - 3 4
5 Elective - 4 4
6 Elective - 5 4
Practice Courses
7 ISES1212 RTOS RT-LINUX lab 0 0 3 2
8 ISES1213 Embedded Linux lab 0 0 3 2
Total Credits 28
II Year
Sl. No. Code Subject L T P Credits
3rd
Semester
1 ISES2101 Industry Internship and Project - I 16
2 ISES2102 Project Seminar 0 0 3 2
3 ISES2103 Comprehensive Viva 2
Total Credits 20
4th
Semester
1 ISES2200 Industry Internship and Project - II (Thesis) 20
Total Credits 20
Total Course Credits = 92
Electives
Code Subject L T P CREDIT
Elective 1
ISES1107 Digital Signal Processing on Embedded System 3 1 0 4
ISES1108 Designing of Communication System for Embedded Applications 3 1 0 4
ISES1109 Wireless Sensor Networks 3 1 0 4
Elective 2
ISES1110 Advanced Computer Architecture 3 1 0 4
ISES1111 System on Chip Architecture 3 1 0 4
ISES1112 Advanced Digital Design using Verilog 2 0 2 4
Elective 3
ISES1203 Kernel Programming Device Driver using Linux(Theory +Practice Mode) 2 0 3 4
ISES1204 Digital Signal Processor and Architecture 3 1 0 4
ISES1205 Hardware and Software co-design 3 1 0 4
Elective 4
ISES1206 Embedded Computing 3 1 0 4
ISES1207 FPGA Architectures and Design 3 1 0 4
ISES1208 Embedded Networking 3 1 0 4
Elective 5
ISES1209 Digital VLSI Testing 3 1 0 4
ISES1210 Soft Computing Techniques and Application 3 1 0 4
ISES1211 Wireless Communications and Networks 3 1 0 4
ISES1101 EMBEDDED “C” PROGRAMMING
UNIT – I:
Programming Embedded Systems in C
Introduction ,What is an embedded system, Which processor should you use, Which programming
language should you use, Which operating system should you use, How do you develop embedded
software, Conclusions.
CISC & RISC, Difference between Microprocessor and Microcontrollers, Difference between Von
Neumann and Harvard Architecture,
Introducing the 8051 Microcontroller Family
Introduction, What’s in a name, The external interface of the Standard 8051, Reset requirements
,Clock frequency and performance, Memory issues, I/O pins, Timers, Interrupts, Serial
interface,Power consumption ,Conclusions.
Microcontroller (89C51 & 89S51 & 89S52):Microcontroller's Architecture, Pin diagram of 8051,
Difference between 8031, 8051and 8052, 8051Programming in C. Memory organization.
UNIT – II:
Adding Structure to the Code
Introduction, Object-oriented programming with C++, The Project Header (MAIN.H), The Port
Header (PORT.H), Example: Restructuring the ‘Hello Embedded World’ example, Example:
Restructuring the goat-counting example, Further examples, Conclusions
Timer Port Programming using C:Introduction to timers,Programming 8051 timers, counter
programming. Programming timers 0 and 1 in 8051 in c.
Meeting Real-Time Constraints
Introduction, Creating ‘hardware delays’ using Timer 0 and Timer 1, Example: Generating a precise
50 ms delay, Example: Creating a portable hardware delay, Why not use Timer 2?, The need for
‘timeout’ mechanisms, Creating loop timeouts, Example: Testing loop timeouts, Example: A more
reliable switch interface, Creating hardware timeouts, Example: Testing a hardware timeout,
Conclusions
Serial Port Programming using C: Serial Communication -Hardware Description-Logical Level
Converter-MAX232 ,Implementation with Real time application-Parallel communication -Parallel
port basics-Pin details-Interfacing with Microcontroller-PC to MC communication. Serial port
programming in C.
Interrupts Programming in C :Definition for Interrupt -Interrupt types -Handling interrupts -
Polling sequences-Interrupt sequences-External interrupts-Internal interrupts-Programming for
interrupt based applications-Problems at interrupts-Debugging ISRs-Interrupt Latency.
UNIT – III:
Motor Interfacing: Motors used for Robotics controls -Stepper Motor & Stepper driver circuit -
Stepper motor Bidirectional controlling of DC motor -Method to change polarity-Sample programs -
Different sensors-Applications.
Analyzing Analog & Digital Signal: Working Principle of ADC-Critical factors in ADC -Method
used in ADC -Different types of ADC (Serial and Parallel ADC), Programming ADC, DAC with
8051 Microcontroller in C.
Encoders/Decoders: Introduction of various Encoders & Decoders -Examples HT12E/HT12D
Interfacing circuits-Real time implementation using encoder/decoder Programming -Examples -
Communication between two systems using RF module.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Embedded C - Michael J. Pont, 2nd Ed., Pearson Education, 2008
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. PICmicro MCU C-An introduction to programming, The Microchip PIC in CCS C - Nigel
Gardner
ISES1102 Embedded System Design Using ARM Processor
Module 1:
Introduction to ARM: RISC Design Philosophy, ARM design Philosophy, embedded system
hardware, arm bus technology, embedded system software , registers, current program status
register, pipeline , exception, interrupt and vector table ,core extension ,architecture revisions ,
ARM processor families.
Module 2:
Introduction to ARM7TDMI: About the ARM7TDMI core, Architecture, programmer’s model:
memory formats, data types operating modes, registers, exceptions , interrupt latencies, memory
interface.
Introduction toLPC214x: Block diagram, Pin configuration, Functional description, LPC214x
memory mapping, LPC214x Memory accelerator Module, LPC214x system control, LPC214x
VIC: features, Description, Register Description, VIC register, LPC214x GPIO: Features,
Application, Pin Diagram, Register Description.
Module 3:
LPC214x UART0: Features, Pin diagram, Register Description, LPC214x UART1: Features, Pin
diagram, Register Description, LPC214x SPI: Features, Pin diagram, Register Description,
LPC214x SSP: Features, Pin diagram, Register Description, LPC214x I2C: Features, Pin diagram,
Register Description, LPC214x Timer: Features, Application, Pin diagram, Register Description,
LPC214x PWM: Features, Pin diagram, Application, Register Description, LPC214x WDT:
Features, Pin diagram, Application, Register Description, LPC214x RTC: Features, Pin diagram,
Application, Register Description, LPC214x ADC: Features, Pin diagram, Application, Register
Description, LPC214x DAC: Features, Pin diagram, Application, Register Description.
Text book:
1. ARM system developer’s guide designing and optimizing system software by A.N Sloss, D
Symes , ELSEVIER
2. ARM7TDMI technical reference manual
3. UM10139 LPC214x user manual.
ISES1103Simulink model based Embedded Design
MODULE 1:
BASIC OF MATLAB [Duration 15 Hrs]
Introduction to MATLAB: Introduction, History and Installation, MATLAB Interactive
Sessions, Menus and the toolbar, Programming in MATLAB ;
Arrays: Matrix and Array Operation, Indexing & Standard Matrix generation ;
MATLAB Operator:Relational Operators and Logical Variables, Logical Operators and Standard
Functions, Character Strings;
Programming Techniques: Saving Loading data, Loop Branches & Control Flow, Conditional
Statements, Loops, The Switch Structure , Interactive Input;
Graphics: Basic 2D Plot, Subplots and Multiple Graphs, Plotting Specifier, 3D Plots, Saving and
Printing Graphs;
Errors& Help: Errors, Built-in Function & Online Help
MODULE 2:
BASIC OF SIMULINK [Duration 15 Hrs]
Fundamental of Simulink: Introduction, Commonly used block
Data Visualization: Port Value Displays, Scopes and Other Display Blocks, Dashboard Block
Library
Embedded Coder: Generate C and C++ code
Simulink coder: Design of real time system
Incorporating External Code: Integrate C Code Using the MATLAB Function Block
Stateflow: General Application, Automotive Application, Zero crossing and Derivative in State
flow
Targeting Hardware: Targeting support Packages
MODULE 3:
REAL TIME APPLICATIONS [Duration 15 Hrs]
Communication: Signal Generation, Analog Passband Modulation, Digital Baseband Modulation
Electronics : Signals & Amplifier, Generic Circuits
Signal Processing: Adaptive Processing, Audio Processing, Communication, Spectral Analysis,
Working with Signal
Video and Image Processing: Enhancement, Display and Graphics, Segmentation, Image
Compression, Detection and Recognition, Live Video Processing, Industry Examples
ELECTIVE -1
ISES1107Digital Signal Processing On Embedded System
Module-1
DFT, FFT,Overview of digital-filter theory, Digital filter implementation, Signal conditioning and
data conversion, Finite word-length effects, Realization structures and models, Implementation
analysis and synthesis.
Real time transform application:
Application of Short time Fourier transform, wavelet transform, stock well transform, Time-Time
transform to signal processing.
Module-2
Multirate Digital Signal Processing Introduction, Decimation by a Factor D, Interpolation by a
Factor I, Sampling Rate Conversion by a Rational Factor I/D, Filter Design and Implementation for
sampling rate Conversion.
Linear Prediction And Optimum Linear Filters: Innovations Representation of a Stationary
Random Process, Forward and Backward linear prediction, Solution of the Normal Equations,
Properties of linear prediction-Error Filter, AR Lattice and ARMA Lattice-Ladder Filters.
Module-3
Power Spectral Estimation: Estimation of Spectra from Finite Duration Observations of a signal,
the Periodogram, Use DFT in power Spectral Estimation, Bartlett, Welch and Blackman, Tukey
methods, Comparison of performance of Non-Parametric Power Spectrum Estimation Methods
TEXT BOOKS 1.Proakis JG and Manolakis DG Digital Signal Processing Principles, Algorithms and Application,
PHI.
2.Openheim AV & Schafer RW, Discrete Time Signal Processing PHI.
SIMULATION TEXT BOOKS 1.Samuel D Stearns, “Digital Signal Processing with examples in Matlab. “ CRC Press.
2.ES Gopi. “Algorithm collections for Digital Signal Processing Applications using Matlab, “
Springer.
3.Taan S.Elali, “Discrete Systems and Digital Signal Processing with Matlab, “ CRC Press,2005.
ISES1108Designing Of Communication System For Embedded Applications
Module -1 [14 Hrs]
Introduction OSI Reference Model, Communication Devices Types of software Components. The
Communications Ecosystem ,Design Considerations A Prelude Software Consideration in
Communication System Host Based Communications , Embedded Communications Software
Software Partitioning Limitations of Strict hagering, Tasks and Modules, Module & Task
Decomposition Partitioning case study Layer 2 switch, Layer 3 Switch/Router Module and Tasks
Interfaces . Protocol Software Protocol Implementation, Management Types, Debugging Protocols.
Module II [14 Hrs]
Tables and other Data Structures Tables, Partitioning the Structures/Tables, Design Decisions
Implementation , Speeding up Acces, Over Engineering, A note on Engineering Assumptions, Table
Resizing, Table Access Routines.
Timer Management, Management Software Device Management, Management Schemes, Router
Management, Management Subsystem Architecture, Agent to Protocol Interface , Device to
Manager Communication , System Setup and Configuration , Saving & Restoring the
Configuration.
Module III [14 Hrs]
Multi Board Communications Software Design Common Architecture for Communications
Equipments, Multi Board Architectures Single Control card Multiple line cord Architecture,
Security Appliance, Wireless Access Points, Network attached Storage, Embedded/Industrial
Control Applications, Multimedia Applications, VoIP Applications, VoIP Network Overview,
Analog Terminal Adapter Hardware, VoIP Terminal Adapter Software
Text Book
1. Designing Embedded Communication Software By T. Sridhar
2. Designing Embedded Networking Applications Essential Insights for Developers of Intel®
IXP4XX Network Processor Systems by Peter Barry and Gerard Hartnett.
ISES1109Wireless Sensor Networks
Module-1[14 Hrs]
Characteristics Of WSN: Characteristic requirements for WSN - Challenges for WSNs – WSN vs
Adhoc Networks - Sensor node architecture – Commercially available sensor nodes –Imote, IRIS,
Mica Mote, EYES nodes, BTnodes, TelosB, Sunspot -Physical layer and transceiver design
considerations in WSNs, Energy usage profile, Choice of modulation scheme, Dynamic modulation
scaling, Antenna considerations.
Medium Access Control Protocols: Fundamentals of MAC protocols - Low duty cycle protocols
and wakeup concepts - Contention-based protocols - Schedule-based protocols - SMAC - BMAC -
Traffic-adaptive medium access protocol (TRAMA) - The IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol.
Module-2[14 Hrs]
Routing And Data Gathering Protocols Routing Challenges and Design Issues in Wireless Sensor
Networks, Flooding and gossiping – Data centric Routing – SPIN – Directed Diffusion – Energy
aware routing - Gradient-based routing - Rumor Routing – COUGAR – ACQUIRE – Hierarchical
Routing - LEACH, PEGASIS – Location Based Routing – GF, GAF, GEAR, GPSR – Real Time
routing Protocols – TEEN, APTEEN, SPEED, RAP - Data aggregation - data aggregation operations
- Aggregate Queries in Sensor Networks - Aggregation Techniques – TAG, Tiny DB.
Module-3[14 Hrs]
Embedded Operating Systems: Operating Systems for Wireless Sensor Networks – Introduction -
Operating System Design Issues - Examples of Operating Systems – TinyOS – Mate – MagnetOS –
MANTIS - OSPM - EYES OS – SenOS – EMERALDS – PicOS – Introduction to Tiny OS – NesC
– Interfaces and Modules- Configurations and Wiring - Generic Components -Programming in Tiny
OS using NesC, Emulator TOSSIM.
Applications Of WSN: WSN Applications - Home Control - Building Automation - Industrial
Automation - Medical Applications - Reconfigurable Sensor Networks - Highway Monitoring -
Military Applications - Civil and Environmental Engineering Applications - Wildfire
Instrumentation - Habitat Monitoring - Nanoscopic Sensor Applications – Case Study: IEEE
802.15.4 LR-WPANs Standard - Target detection and tracking - Contour/edge detection - Field
sampling.
TEXT BOOKS 1.Kazem Sohraby, Daniel Minoli and Taieb Znati, “ Wireless Sensor Networks Technology,
Protocols, and Applications“, John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
2.Holger Karl and Andreas Willig, “Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks”,
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2005.
REFERENCE BOOKS 1.K. Akkaya and M. Younis, “A survey of routing protocols in wireless sensor networks”, Elsevier
Ad Hoc Network Journal, Vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 325--349
2.Philip Levis, “ TinyOS Programming”
3.Anna Ha´c, “Wireless Sensor Network Designs”, John Wiley & Sons Ltd,
ELECTIVE -2
ISES1110ADVANCED COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
UNIT -I: [14 Hrs]
Fundamentals of Computer Design:
Fundamentals of Computer design, Changing faces of computing and task of computer designer,
Technology trends, Cost price and their trends, measuring and reporting performance, Quantitative
principles of computer design, Amdahl’s law. Instruction set principles and examples- Introduction,
classifying instruction set- memory addressingtype and size of operands, Operations in the
instruction set.
Pipelines:
Introduction, basic RISC instruction set, Simple implementation of RISC instruction set, Classic
five stage pipe lined RISC processor, Basic performance issues in pipelining, Pipeline hazards,
Reducing pipeline branch penalties.
Memory Hierarchy Design:
Introduction, review of ABC of cache, Cache performance, Reducing cache miss penalty, Virtual
memory.
UNIT -II: [14 Hrs]
Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP) - The Hardware Approach:
Instruction-Level parallelism, Dynamic scheduling, Dynamic scheduling using Tomasulo’s
approach, Branch prediction, High performance instruction delivery- Hardware based speculation.
ILP Software Approach:
Basic compiler level techniques, Static branch prediction, VLIW approach, Exploiting ILP,
Parallelism at compile time, Cross cutting issues - Hardware verses Software.
UNIT –III: [14 Hrs]
Multi Processors and Thread Level Parallelism:
Multi Processors and Thread level Parallelism- Introduction, Characteristics of application domain,
Systematic shared memory architecture, Distributed shared – Memory architecture,
Synchronization.
Inter Connection and Networks:
Introduction, Interconnection network media, Practical issues in interconnecting networks,
Examples of inter connection, Cluster, Designing of clusters.
Intel Architecture: Intel IA-64 ILP in embedded and mobile markets Fallacies and pit falls.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. John L. Hennessy, David A. Patterson - Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach, 3rd
Edition, an Imprint of Elsevier.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. John P. Shen and Miikko H. Lipasti -, Modern Processor Design : Fundamentals of Super
Scalar Processors
2. Computer Architecture and Parallel Processing - Kai Hwang, Faye A.Brigs., MC Graw Hill.
ISES1111SYSTEM ON CHIP ARCHITECTURE
UNIT –I: [14 Hrs]
Introduction to the System Approach:
System Architecture, Components of the system, Hardware & Software, Processor Architectures,
Memory and Addressing. System level interconnection, An approach for SOC Design, System
Architecture and Complexity.
Processors:
Introduction , Processor Selection for SOC, Basic concepts in Processor Architecture, Basic
concepts in Processor Micro Architecture, Basic elements in Instruction handling. Buffers:
minimizing Pipeline Delays, Branches, More Robust Processors, Vector Processors and Vector
Instructions extensions, VLIW Processors, Superscalar Processors.
UNIT –II: [14 Hrs]
Memory Design for SOC:
Overview of SOC external memory, Internal Memory, Size, Scratchpads and Cache memory, Cache
Organization, Cache data, Write Policies, Strategies for line replacement at miss time, Types of
Cache, Split – I, and D – aches, Multilevel Caches, Virtual to real translation , SOC Memory
System, Models of Simple Processor – memory interaction.
UNIT -III: [14 Hrs]
Interconnect Customization and Configuration:
Inter Connect Architectures, Bus: Basic Architectures, SOC Standard Buses , Analytic Bus Models,
Using the Bus model, Effects of Bus transactions and contention time. SOC Customization: An
overview, Customizing Instruction Processor, Reconfiguration Technologies, Mapping design onto
Reconfigurable devices, Instance- Specific design, Customizable Soft Processor, Reconfiguration -
overhead analysis and trade-off analysis on reconfigurable Parallelism.
Application Studies / Case Studies:
SOC Design approach, AES algorithms, Design and evaluation, Image compression – JPEG
compression.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Computer System Design System-on-Chip - Michael J. Flynn and Wayne Luk, Wiely India
Pvt. Ltd.
2. ARM System on Chip Architecture – Steve Furber –2nd Ed., 2000, Addison Wesley
Professional.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Design of System on a Chip: Devices and Components – Ricardo Reis, 1st Ed., 2004,
Springer
2. Co-Verification of Hardware and Software for ARM System on Chip Design (Embedded
Technology) – Jason Andrews – Newnes, BK and CDROM.
3. System on Chip Verification – Methodologies and Techniques –Prakash Rashinkar, Peter
Paterson and Leena Singh L, 2001, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
ISES1112 ADVANCED DIGITAL DESIGN USING VERILOG
MODULE-I (24 Hours)
Introduction to VLSI Design
VLSI Design flow: Full Custom, ASIC and FPGA,Design Tools: CAD Tool Taxonomy, Editors,
Simulators, Simulation System, Simulation Aids, Applications of Simulation,SynthesisTools,
Introduction to Hardware description languages (HDL)
Verilog HDL: Introduction to Verilog HDL, Abstraction levels, basic concepts, Verilog primitives,
keywords, data types, nets and registers, Verilog MODULEs and ports; Lab Practice: Xilinx tool
flow: simulation and synthesis
Verilog Operators :Logical operators, Bitwise and reduction operators, Concatenation and
conditional operators, Relational and arithmetic, Shift and equality operators, Operator execution
order, Lab practice
Assignments: Types of assignments, Continuous assignment,Procedural assignments, Blocking and
non-blocking assignments, Tasks and functions, Lab Practice
Verilog modeling: gate type, design hierarchy, gate delay, propagation delay, logic simulation
Dataflow-level modeling: assignments, Behavioral modeling: Always block, FlowControl, If-else,
case, case, while loop, for loop, repeat,
Verilog for verification: Design verification and testing, Testbenchwriting, Initialstatement,
Verilog system tasks: $finish, $stop, $display, $monitor, $time, $realtime, $random, $save,
$readmemh/$writememh, $fopen, $fclose, Compiler directives, ifdef, Array, multi-dimensional
array. Memory modelling
Lab practice
MODULE-II (24 Hours)
Combinational Logic Circuit Design: Logic synthesis, RTL synthesis, high-level synthesis,
synthesis design flow, Design and analysis of combinational circuits, Synthesis of combinational
circuits,Arithmetic circuits, Initial design and optimization, Encoder, decoder, de-multiplexer
circuits, multiplexer circuits and their implementation using Verilog, Design of a 4-bit comparator,
Design of a 32-bit ALU and a simple processor using Verilog.Lab Practice
Sequential Logic Circuit Design: Synthesis of sequential circuits, Study of synchronous and
asynchronous sequential circuits, Flip flops, ShiftRegisters,Counters and their design using
Verilog.Finite States Machine,
Lab practice
MODULE-III (24 Hours)
State Machine: Basic Finite state machines (FSM) structures, Mealy and Moore type FSM, Mealy
vs.Moore,Common FSM coding style,Serial adder design using FSM, FSM as an Arbiter circuit,
FIFO, bus interfaces, Lab practice
High-level synthesis: Basic concepts of high-level synthesis,Partitioning, scheduling,Allocation
and binding, Technology mapping, Lab practice
Static Timing Analysis: Introduction to Static Timing Analysis, Timing path and constraints,Types
of clock, Clock domain and variation, Clock distribution networks, How to fix timing failure
Synthesis Coding Styles: Registers in Verilog, Unwanted latches,RTL coding styles,Lab practice
Verilog Mini Projects: Project specification analysis, Understanding the architecture, MODULE
level implementation and verification, Building the top level MODULE,FPGA implementation of
the design.
Text Books:
1. Verilog HDL: A Guide to Digital Design and Synthesis; Samir Palnitkar; 2nd edition,
Pearson Education, 2011.
2. Verilog Digital System Design; ZainalabedinNavabi; 2nd edition, TMH,2012.
3. Advanced Chip Design: Practical Examples in Verilog, Kishore Kumar MisHoursa,
CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform
Reference Books:
1. Verilog HDL Synthesis: A Practical Primer; J. Bhasker, BSP Publishers, 2008.
2. FPGA-Based System Design, Wayne Wolf, 1st edition, Pearson.
ISES1104 Advanced “C” Programming lab
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1. Basic Programs for C++ Concepts
2. Array implementation of List Abstract Data Type (ADT)
3. Linked list implementation of List ADT
4. Cursor implementation of List ADT
5. Stack ADT – Array and linked list implementations
6. The next two exercises are to be done by implementing the following source files
i. Program source files for Stack Application 1
ii. Array implementation of Stack ADT
iii. Linked list implementation of Stack ADT
iv. Program source files for Stack Application 2
v. An appropriate header file for the Stack ADT should be included in (i) and (iv)
7. Implement any Stack Application using array implementation of Stack ADT (by implementing
files (i) and (ii) given above) and then using linked list
8. Implementation of Stack ADT (by using files (i) and implementing file (iii))
9. Implement another Stack Application using array and linked list implementations of Stack ADT
(by implementing files (iv) and using file (ii), and then by using files
(iv) and (iii))
11. Queue ADT – Array and linked list implementations
12. Search Tree ADT – Binary Search Tree
ISES1105 Embedded System Processor Laboratory
List of Experiments
(Students must have knowledge on below given tools to work with all the hardware)
Tools Used:
1. Proteus Professional 8
2. Keil uVision 5 IDE
3. Arduino IDE
4. AVR studio 4
5. Xilinx ISE 14.4
6. Code composer studio
Hardware used:
1. AT89c51 microcontroller
2. Arduino UNO Microcontroller
3. ATMEGA16 Microcontroller
4. DSP Processor
5. Spartan 3E FPGA Board
Interfacing Devices Used:
1. Input Devices(Different types of Switches, Different types of sensors, keypads)
2. Display units(Led, Seven segment display, LCD)
3. Motors Interfacing(DC, servo , stepper)
4. Bluetooth Interfacing
5. RTC
6. RFID
Exp-1: Interface Input devices with AT89C51, Arduino Uno, ATmega16 microcontrollers.
Exp-2: Interface display units with AT89C51, Arduino Uno, ATmega16 microcontrollers.
Exp-3: Interface Motors with AT89C51, Arduino Uno, and ATmega16 microcontrollers.
Exp-4: Control all the interfacing devices using serial Programming by using AT89C51
microcontroller.
Exp-5: Room automation and Security using Arduino Uno Microcontroller using Bluetooth
device.
Exp-6: Automatic door opening and closing using RFID Module.
Exp-7: Design Real Time Clock using any microcontroller.
Exp-8: Design up-counter/down-counter using Spartan 3E FPGA Board.
Exp-9: Design all the gates and all the combinational circuits using Spartan 3E borads.
Exp-10: Design all the sequential circuits using Spartan 3E borads.
Exp-11: Design FSM using Spartan 3E borads.
Exp -12: Filter design using DSP Processor.
Exp-13: Speech Processing Using DSP Processor
SEMESTER-II
ISES1201 Embedded Real Time Operating Systems
MODULE-1
Operating System Concepts: Overview of operating System: basics of operating system, types of
operating system, task process, threads, Multiprocessing Vs multitasking , operating-System
Structure, operating-System Architecture, system structures, process management, Process
Coordination, Memory Management, storage management, Distributed System, Special purpose
system.
Introduction to RTOS –Overview: What is a Real-Time system? Definitions and examples, The
Characteristics of RTOS, Real-Time Software Implementation, types of multitasking, task
scheduling , Pre-emptive Scheduling algorithm and non pre-emptive scheduling algorithm, Real-
Time Operating Systems Architecture: RTOS Functionality, RTOS Characteristics, Layering and
OS typical structure, System services, libraries, facilities
Module-II
Introducing to Tasks handling: Definition of Tasks, Task Vs Thread, Scheduling algorithm,
Context switching and latency, Creating, controlling, deleting tasks, Setting task priorities, Re-
entrancy. Events and Inter task Communication: shared memory, message passing, remote
procedure call and sockets, Semaphore, Message Queues, Mutex, Task synchronization: mutual
exclusion, Priority inversion, Deadlocks, starvation, livelock, priority inheritance, priority ceiling,
Task synchronization techniques, Introducing ISR: ISR Overview, RTOS Interrupt architecture,
ISR implementation, ISR under RTOS, ISR to task communication, Resources and restrictions,
How to choose an RTOS.
Embedded system Design with MicroC/OS-II: Task creation and Management, kernel functions
and initialization, Task scheduling, Inter Task Communication, Task Synchronization and Mutual
Exclusion, Interrupt handling, watchdog for task execution Monitoring, Timing and Reference,
Memory Management, MicroC/OS-II development environment.
MODULE-III
Embedded system Design with VxWorks: Basic Features, Task creation and Management, Task
scheduling, kernel services, inter task communication, task synchronization and mutual exclusion,
Interrupt handling, watchdog for task execution Monitoring, Timing and Reference, VxWorks
development environment.
Introduction to Windows CE: Features, windows CE programming.
ISES1202 System Programming using LINUX
Module-I (14 Hrs) : INTRODUCTION TO LINUX
Linux Utilities: File handling utilities, Security by file permissions, Process utilities, Disk utilities,
Networking commands, Filters, Text processing utilities and Backup utilities, sed – scripts,
operation, addresses, commands, applications, awk – execution, fields and records, scripts,
operation, patterns, actions, functions, using system commands in awk.
Working with the Bourne again shell(bash): Introduction, shell responsibilities, pipes and input
Redirection, output redirection, here documents, running a shell script, the shell as a programming
language, shell meta characters, file name substitution, shell variables, command substitution, shell
commands, the environment, quoting, test command, control structures, arithmetic in shell, shell
script examples, interrupt processing, functions, debugging shell scripts.
MODULE-II (16 Hrs) :LINUX SYSTEM PROGRAMMING
Files: File Concept, File System Structure, Inodes, File Attributes, File types, Library functions,the
standard I/O and formatted I/O in C, stream errors, kernel support for files, System calls, file
descriptors, low level file access – File structure related system calls(File APIs), file and record
locking
File and directory management : Directory file APIs, Symbolic links & hard links.
Process: Process concept, Kernel support for process, process attributes, process control - process
creation, waiting for a process, process termination, zombie process, orphan process, Process APIs.
Signals: Introduction to signals, Signal generation and handling, Kernel support for signals, Signal
function, unreliable signals, reliable signals, kill, raise , alarm, pause, abort, sleep functions
InterprocessCommunication :Introduction to IPC, Pipes, FIFOs, Introduction to three types of
IPC-message queues, semaphores and shared memory. Message Queues- Kernel support for
messages, Unix system V APIs for messages, client/server example.
MODULE-III (14 Hrs) : UNIX/LINUX CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS
Semaphores: Kernel support for semaphores, Unix system V APIs for semaphores.
Shared Memory : Kernel support for shared memory, Unix system V APIs for shared memory,
semaphore and shared memory example.
Multithreaded Programming: Differences between threads and processes, Thread structure and
uses, Threads and Lightweight Processes, POSIX Thread APIs, Creating Threads, Thread
Attributes, Thread Synchronization with semaphores and with Mutexes, Example programs.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Unix System Programming using C++, T. Chan, PHI. (UNIT III to UNIT VIII)
2. Unix Concepts and Applications, 4th Edition, Sumitabha Das, TMH.
3. Beginning Linux Programming, 4th Edition, N.Matthew, R.Stones,Wrox, Wiley India Edition.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Linux System Programming, Robert Love, O’Reilly, SPD.
2. Advanced Programming in the Unix environment, 2nd Edition, W.R.Stevens, Pearson Education.
3. Unix Network Programming ,W.R.Stevens,PHI.
4. Unix for programmers and users, 3rd Edition, Graham Glass, King Ables, Pearson Education.
ISRM1201 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Module-1: (12hrs)
Research Methodology: An Introduction
Meaning of Research , Objectives of Research ,Motivation in Research ,Types of Research
Research Approaches ,Significance of Research ,Research Methods versus Methodology
Research and Scientific Method ,Importance of Knowing How Research is Done ,
Research Process ,Criteria of Good Research , Problems Encountered by Researchers in India
Defining the Research Problem What is a Research Problem? Selecting the Problem, Necessity of Defining the Problem
Technique Involved in Defining a Problem, Research: Meaning, Objectives & Importance of
Research ; Role of research in Functional Areas :Engineering, Finance, Marketing, HRD
Module-2(12 hrs)
Research Methodology ; Process of Research ,Defining Research Problem: Process of formulating
Hypothesis; Research Design
Sampling Design. Need for Sampling ,Some Fundamental Definitions ,Important Sampling
Distributions Central Limit Theorem ,Sampling Theory ,Sandler’s A-test ,Concept of Standard
Error Estimation ,Estimating the Population Mean (m) ,Estimating Population Proportion Sample
Size and its Determination Collection , Processing & Analysis of Data , Design of Questionnaire;
Module-3(12hrs)
Testing of Hypothesis ; Parametric and Non-parametric Tests ; T-test, Z-test and chi-square test.
Multivariate Analysis Techniques; Multiple Regression Analysis; Discriminat Analysis; Factor
Analysis, ANOVA.
Interpretation & Report Writing ; Importance & Techniques of Interpretation ; Significance of
Report Writing ; Steps in Writing Report ; Lay-out of the Research Report ; Types of Report.
Text BOOKs 1. Research Methodology : Methods and Techniques, by C R Kothari
2. Panneerselvam – Research Methodology PHI
Reference books:
3. Quantitative Techniques for Managerial Decisions, Wiley Eastern Ltd , by U K Srivastava
4. Statistics for Management by Levin (PHI)
5. The Foundation of Multivariate Analysis, Wiley Eastern Ltd , by Takeuchi K ; Yanai, H and
Mukherjee, B N
6. Statistics, by S P Gupta
ELECTIVE-III
ISES1203 Kernel Programming Device Driver using Linux
Module-1
Introduction to the Linux kernel: kernel features, development process, kernel user interface,
Kernel source code, coding standards, retrieving kernel sources, kernel source code browsers
Configuring, compiling and booting the kernel
Linux kernel module, programming constraints, loading and unloading modules,
LAB Practice
Module-II
Introduction to Linux Device Driver
Module dependencies and hardware management
Character Device Driver
File operations
IOCTL
Interrupt handling
LAB Practice
Module-III
Work queue and Time management
Kernel recompilation
Memory Management: physical and virtual address spaces.
Linux memory management implementation
Processes, scheduling, sleeping and interrupts
Power management
Block drivers
LAB Practice
BOOKS
1. Linux Device Drivers, by Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, and Greg Kroah-Hartman.
2. Linux Kernel Development, Michael Beck, Harald Bohme, Mirko Dziadzka, Ulrich Kunitz,
Robert Magnus and Dirk Verworner,
3. Understanding the Linux Kernel, Daniel P. Bovet
4. The Linux Programming Interface: A Linux and Unix System Programming Handbook,
Michael Kerrisk
5. Embedded Linux Primer: A Practical Real World Approach, Christopher Hallinan
6. Linux System Programming, Robert Love, O’Reilly, SPD.
7. Advanced Programming in the Unix environment, 2nd Edition, W.R.Stevens, Pearson
Education.
8. Unix Network Programming, W. R. Stevens, PHI.
9. Unix for programmers and users, 3rd Edition, Graham Glass, King Ables, Pearson
Education.
ISES1204 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS AND ARCHITECTURES
UNIT –I:
Introduction to Digital Signal Processing:
Introduction, a Digital signal-processing system, the sampling process, discrete time sequences.
Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Linear time-invariant
systems, Digital filters, Decimation and interpolation.
Computational Accuracy in DSP Implementations:
Number formats for signals and coefficients in DSP systems, Dynamic Range and Precision,
Sources of error in DSP implementations, A/D Conversion errors, DSP Computational errors, D/A
Conversion Errors, Compensating filter.
UNIT –II:
Architectures for Programmable DSP Devices:
Basic Architectural features, DSP Computational Building Blocks, Bus Architecture and Memory,
Data Addressing Capabilities, Address Generation UNIT, Programmability and Program Execution,
Speed Issues, Features for External interfacing.
Programmable Digital Signal Processors:
Commercial Digital signal-processing Devices, Data Addressing modes of TMS320C54XX DSPs,
Data Addressing modes of TMS320C54XX Processors, Memory space of TMS320C54XX
Processors, Program Control, TMS320C54XX Instructions and Programming, On-Chip Peripherals,
Interrupts of TMS320C54XX Processors, Pipeline Operation of TMS320C54XX Processors.
UNIT –III:
Analog Devices Family of DSP Devices:
Analog Devices Family of DSP Devices – ALU and MAC block diagram, Shifter Instruction, Base
Architecture of ADSP 2100, ADSP-2181 high performance Processor. Introduction to Black fin
Processor - The Black fin Processor, Introduction to Micro Signal Architecture, Overview of
Hardware Processing Units and Register files, Address Arithmetic Unit, Control Unit, Bus
Architecture and Memory, Basic Peripherals.
Interfacing Memory and I/O Peripherals to Programmable DSP Devices:
Memory space organization, External bus interfacing signals, Memory interface, Parallel I/O
interface, Programmed I/O, Interrupts and I/O, Direct memory access (DMA).
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Digital Signal Processing – Avtar Singh and S. Srinivasan, Thomson Publications, 2004.
2. A Practical Approach To Digital Signal Processing - K Padmanabhan, R. Vijayarajeswaran,
Ananthi. S, New Age International, 2006/2009
3. Embedded Signal Processing with the Micro Signal Architecture: Woon-Seng Gan, Sen M.
Kuo, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2007
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Digital Signal Processors, Architecture, Programming and Applications – B. Venkataramani and
M. Bhaskar, 2002, TMH.
2. Digital Signal Processing – Jonatham Stein, 2005, John Wiley.
3. DSP Processor Fundamentals, Architectures & Features – Lapsley et al. 2000, S. Chand & Co.
4. Digital Signal Processing Applications Using the ADSP-2100 Family by The Applications
Engineering Staff of Analog Devices, DSP Division, Edited by Amy Mar, PHI
5. The Scientist and Engineer's Guide to Digital Signal Processing by Steven W. Smith, Ph.D.,
California Technical Publishing, ISBN 0-9660176-3-3, 1997
6. Embedded Media Processing by David J. Katz and Rick Gentile of Analog Devices, Newnes ,
ISBN 0750679123, 2005
ISES1205 Hardware - Software Co-Design And Verification
UNIT –I:
Co- Design Issues:
Co- Design Models, Architectures, Languages, A Generic Co-design Methodology.
Co- Synthesis Algorithms:
Hardware software synthesis algorithms: hardware – software partitioning distributed system
cosynthesis.
UNIT –II:
Prototyping and Emulation:
Prototyping and emulation techniques, prototyping and emulation environments, future
developments
in emulation and prototyping architecture specialization techniques, system communication
infrastructure
Target Architectures:
Architecture Specialization techniques, System Communication infrastructure, Target Architecture
and Application System classes, Architecture for control dominated systems (8051-Architectures for
High performance control), Architecture for Data dominated systems (ADSP21060, TMS320C60),
Mixed Systems.
UNIT –III:
Compilation Techniques and Tools for Embedded Processor Architectures:
Modern embedded architectures, embedded software development needs, compilation technologies,
practical consideration in a compiler development environment.
UNIT –IV:
Design Specification and Verification:
Design, co-design, the co-design computational model, concurrency coordinating concurrent
computations, interfacing components, design verification, implementation verification, verification
tools, interface verification
UNIT –V:
Languages for System – Level Specification and Design-I:
System – level specification, design representation for system level synthesis, system level
specification languages,
Languages for System – Level Specification and Design-II:
Heterogeneous specifications and multi language co-simulation, the cosyma system and lycos
system.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Hardware / Software Co- Design Principles and Practice – Jorgen Staunstrup, Wayne Wolf –
2009, Springer.
2. Hardware / Software Co- Design - Giovanni De Micheli, Mariagiovanna Sami, 2002, Kluwer
Academic Publishers
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. A Practical Introduction to Hardware/Software Co-design -Patrick R. Schaumont - 2010 –
Springer
ELECTIVE –IV
ISES1206 Embedded Computing
UNIT –I:
Programming on Linux Platform:
System Calls, Scheduling, Memory Allocation, Timers, Embedded Linux, Root File System, Busy
Box. Operating System Overview: Processes, Tasks, Threads, Multi-Threading, Semaphore,
Message Queue.
Introduction to Software Development Tools:
GNU GCC, make, gdb, static and dynamic linking, C libraries, compiler options, code optimization
switches, lint, code profiling tools,.
UNIT –II:
Interfacing Modules:
Sensor and actuator interface, data transfer and control, GPS, GSM module interfacing with data
processing and display, OpenCV for machine vision, Audio signal processing.
UNIT –III:
Networking Basics:
Sockets, ports, UDP, TCP/IP, client server model, socket programming, 802.11, Bluetooth, Zig Bee,
SSH, firewalls, network security.
IA32 Instruction Set: application binary interface, exception and interrupt handling, interrupt
latency, assemblers, assembler directives, macros, simulation and debugging tools.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Modern Embedded Computing - Peter Barry and Patrick Crowley, 1st Ed., Elsevier/Morgan
Kaufmann, 2012.
2. Linux Application Development - Michael K. Johnson, Erik W. Troan, Adission Wesley, 1998.
3. Assembly Language for x86 Processors by Kip R. Irvine
4. Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer Manuals
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Operating System Concepts by Abraham Silberschatz, Peter B. Galvin and Greg Gagne.
2. The Design of the UNIX Operating System by Maurice J. Bach Prentice-Hall
3. UNIX Network Programming by W. Richard Stevens
ISES1207 FPGA Architecture And Design
Module 1
PLD
Introduction to PLDS,
General structure and classification: SPLD, CPLD, PAL, PLA
CPLD vs FPGA
FPGA
Organization of FPGAs
FPGA Programming Technologies
Programmable Logic Block Architectures
Programmable Interconnects
Programmable I/O blocks in FPGAs
Dedicated Specialized Components of FPGAs
Applications of FPGAs.
Module 2
Xilinx FPGA Architecture
Features and architectures
Configurable Logic Blocks (CLBs)
Input Output Blocks (I/OB)
Block RAM
Programming interconnects
Digital Clock Manager (DCM)
Power Distribution and configuration
Module 3
ACTEL FPGA Architecture
ACTEL family
ACTEL features and logic modules
C modules and S modules
I/O modules
I/O Pad drivers
Clock Networks
Labs
Text Books:
1. Field Programmable Gate Array Technology - Stephen M. Trimberger, Springer
International Edition.
2. FPGA-Based System Design Wayne Wolf, Prentice Hall
3. Modern VLSI Design: System-on-Chip Design (3rd Edition) Wayne Wolf, Verlag
Reference Books:
1. Field Programmable Gate Arrays - John V. Oldfield, Richard C. Dorf, Wiley India.
2. Digital Design Using Field Programmable Gate Arrays - Pak K. Chan/Samiha Mourad,
Pearson Low Price Edition.
3. Digital Systems Design with FPGAs and CPLDs - Ian Grout, Elsevier, Newnes.
ISES1208EMBEDDED NETWORKING
UNIT –I:
Embedded Communication Protocols:
Embedded Networking: Introduction – Serial/Parallel Communication – Serial communication
protocols -RS232 standard – RS485 – Synchronous Serial Protocols -Serial Peripheral Interface
(SPI) – Inter Integrated Circuits (I2C) – PC Parallel port programming - ISA/PCI Bus protocols –
Firewire.
UNIT –II:
USB and CAN Bus:
USB bus – Introduction – Speed Identification on the bus – USB States – USB bus communication:
Packets –Data flow types –Enumeration –Descriptors –PIC 18 Microcontroller USB Interface – C
Programs –CAN Bus – Introduction - Frames –Bit stuffing –Types of errors –Nominal Bit Timing –
PIC microcontroller CAN Interface –A simple application with CAN.
UNIT –III:
Ethernet Basics:
Elements of a network – Inside Ethernet – Building a Network: Hardware options – Cables,
Connections and network speed – Design choices: Selecting components –Ethernet Controllers –
Using the internet in local and internet communications – Inside the Internet protocol.
UNIT –IV:
Embedded Ethernet:
Exchanging messages using UDP and TCP – Serving web pages with Dynamic Data – Serving web
pages that respond to user Input – Email for Embedded Systems – Using FTP – Keeping Devices
and Network secure.
UNIT –V:
Wireless Embedded Networking:
Wireless sensor networks – Introduction – Applications – Network Topology – Localization –Time
Synchronization - Energy efficient MAC protocols –SMAC – Energy efficient and robust routing –
Data Centric routing.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Embedded Systems Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction - Frank Vahid, Tony
Givargis, John & Wiley Publications, 2002
2. Parallel Port Complete: Programming, interfacing and using the PCs parallel printer port -
Jan Axelson, Penram Publications, 1996.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Advanced PIC microcontroller projects in C: from USB to RTOS with the PIC18F series -
Dogan Ibrahim, Elsevier 2008.
2. Embedded Ethernet and Internet Complete - Jan Axelson, Penram publications, 2003.
3. Networking Wireless Sensors - Bhaskar Krishnamachari, Cambridge press 2005.
ELECTIVE –V
ISES1209 DIGITAL VLSI TESTING
Credits: 04 Hours: [72]
SYLLABUS
MODULE I (17 Hours)
Introduction to VLSI testing, test process and automatic test equipment, test economics and
product quality, test economics.
Physical faults and their modeling, Fault equivalence and dominance and fault collapsing. Fault
simulation: parallel, deductive and concurrent techniques; critical path tracing.
MODULE II (23 Hours)
Testability measure: controllability and observability measure for both combinational and
sequential circuits.
Test generation for combinational circuits: Boolean difference, D-algorithm, PODEM, etc.
Exhaustive, random and weighted test pattern generation, aliasing and its effect on fault coverage.
Test pattern generation for sequential circuits.
MODULE III (32 Hours)
Design-for-Testability: ad-hoc and structured methods scan path and LSSD, Full scan, partial
scan, Random-Access scan.
Built-in-self-test (BIST): BIST Architecture, Multi-purpose registers in a BIST implementation,
BIST cost and benefits, BIST Techniques-ROM, Counter-exhaustive, pseudo-exhaustive, LFSR.
BIST response compression: ones counting, transition counting, syndrome checking, parity
checking, signature analysis, MISR, BILBO.
Memory Testing: permanent, intermittent and pattern-sensitive faults and test generation.
Boundary scan. Other advanced topics in testing: Delay test, IDDQ
Text Books
1. M. L. Bushnell and V. D. Agrawal, Essentials of Electronic Testing, Kluwer Academic
Publishers.
2. M. Abramovici, M. A. Breuer and A. D. Friedman, Digital Systems Testing and Testable Design,
Wiley-IEEE Press.
Reference Books
1. N. K. Jha and S. Gupta, Testing of Digital Systems, Cambridge University Press.
2. VLSI Test Principles and Architectures; Wang, Wu and Wen; Elsevier.
3. P. H. Bardell, W. H. McAnney and J. Savir, Built-in Test for VLSI: Pseudorandom Techniques,
Wiley Interscience.
4. P. K. Lala, Fault Tolerant and Fault Testable Hardware Design, Prentice-Hall.
5. A. Krstic and K-T Cheng, Delay Fault Testing for VLSI Circuits, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
A. Osseiran (Ed.), Analog and Mixed Signal Boundary Scan, Kluwer Academic Publishers
ISES1210 SOFT COMPUTING TECHNIQUES AND IT APPLICATION
UNIT –I:
Introduction:
Approaches to intelligent control, Architecture for intelligent control, Symbolic reasoning system,
Rule-based systems, the AI approach, Knowledge representation - Expert systems.
Artificial Neural Networks:
Concept of Artificial Neural Networks and its basic mathematical model, McCulloch-Pitts neuron
model, simple perceptron, Adaline and Madaline, Feed-forward Multilayer Perceptron, Learning
and Training the neural network, Data Processing: Scaling, Fourier transformation, principal-
component analysis and wavelet transformations, Hopfield network, Self-organizing network and
Recurrent network, Neural Network based controller.
UNIT –II:
Fuzzy Logic System:
Introduction to crisp sets and fuzzy sets, basic fuzzy set operation and approximate reasoning,
Introduction to fuzzy logic modeling and control, Fuzzification, inferencing and defuzzification,
Fuzzy knowledge and rule bases, Fuzzy modeling and control schemes for nonlinear systems,
Selforganizing fuzzy logic control, Fuzzy logic control for nonlinear time delay system.
UNIT –III:
Genetic Algorithm and PSO:
Basic concept of Genetic algorithm and detail algorithmic steps, Adjustment of free parameters,
Solution of typical control problems using genetic algorithm, Concept on some other search
techniques like Tabu search and Ant-colony search techniques for solving optimization
problems.PSO and its application
Applications:
GA and PSO application to power system, image processing optimization problem,
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Introduction to Artificial Neural Systems - Jacek.M.Zurada, Jaico Publishing House,
1999.
2. Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems - Kosko, B., Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 1994.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Fuzzy Sets, Uncertainty and Information - Klir G.J. & Folger T.A., Prentice-Hall of India Pvt.
Ltd., 1993.
2. Fuzzy Set Theory and Its Applications - Zimmerman H.J. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994.
3. Introduction to Fuzzy Control - Driankov, Hellendroon, Narosa Publishers.
4. Artificial Neural Networks - Dr. B. Yagananarayana, 1999, PHI, New Delhi.
5. Elements of Artificial Neural Networks - Kishan Mehrotra, Chelkuri K. Mohan,
Sanjay Ranka, Penram International.
6. Artificial Neural Network –Simon Haykin, 2nd Ed., Pearson Education.
7. Introduction Neural Networks Using MATLAB 6.0 - S.N. Shivanandam, S. Sumati, S. N.
Deepa,1/e, TMH, New Delhi.
ISES1211 WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS
UNIT -I:
The Cellular Concept-System Design Fundamentals: Introduction, Frequency Reuse, Channel
Assignment trategies, Handoff Strategies- Prioritizing Handoffs, Practical Handoff Considerations,
Interference and system capacity – Co channel Interference and system capacity, Channel planning
for Wireless Systems, Adjacent Channel interference , Power Control for Reducing interference,
Trunking and Grade of Service, Improving Coverage & Capacity in Cellular Systems- Cell
Splitting, Sectoring .
Mobile Radio Propagation: Large-Scale Path Loss: Introduction to Radio Wave Propagation,
Free Space Propagation Model, Relating Power to Electric Field, The Three Basic Propagation
Mechanisms, Reflection-Reflection from Dielectrics, Brewster Angle, Reflection from prefect
conductors, Ground Reflection (Two-Ray) Model, Diffraction-Fresnel Zone Geometry, Knife-edge
Diffraction Model, Multiple knife-edge Diffraction, Scattering, Outdoor Propagation Models-
Longley- Ryce Model, Okumura Model, Hata Model, PCS Extension to Hata Model, Walfisch and
Bertoni Model, Wideband PCS Microcell Model, Indoor Propagation Models-Partition losses (Same
Floor),
UNIT –II:
Mobile Radio Propagation: Small –Scale Fading and Multipath: Small Scale Multipath
propagation-Factors influencing small scale fading, Doppler shift, Impulse Response Model of a
multipath channel- Relationship between Bandwidth and Received power, Small-Scale Multipath
Measurements-Direct RF Pulse System, Spread Spectrum Sliding Correlator Channel Sounding,
Frequency Domain Channels Sounding, Parameters of Mobile Multipath Channels-Time Dispersion
Parameters, Coherence Bandwidth, Doppler Spread and Coherence Time, Types of Small-Scale
Fading-Fading effects Due to Multipath Time Delay Spread, Flat fading, Frequency selective
fading, Fading effects Due to Doppler Spread-Fast fading, slow fading.
UNIT -III:
Equalization and Diversity: Introduction, Fundamentals of Equalization, Training A Generic
Adaptive Equalizer, Equalizers in a communication Receiver, Linear Equalizers, Non linear
Equalization-Decision Feedback Equalization (DFE), Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation
(MLSE) Equalizer, Algorithms for adaptive equalization-Zero Forcing Algorithm, Least Mean
Square Algorithm, Recursive least squares algorithm. Diversity Techniques-Derivation of selection
Diversity Improvement.
Wireless Networks: Introduction to wireless Networks, Advantages and disadvantages of Wireless
Local Area Networks, WLAN Topologies, WLAN Standard IEEE 802.11,IEEE 802.11 Medium
Access Control, Comparison of IEEE 802.11 a,b,g and n standards, IEEE 802.16 and its
enhancements, Wireless PANs, Hiper Lan, WLL.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Wireless Communications, Principles, Practice – Theodore, S. Rappaport, 2nd Ed., 2002,
PHI.
2. Wireless Communications-Andrea Goldsmith, 2005 Cambridge University Press.
3. Mobile Cellular Communication – Gottapu Sasibhushana Rao, Pearson Education, 2012.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Principles of Wireless Networks – Kaveh Pah Laven and P. Krishna Murthy, 2002, PE
2. Wireless Digital Communications – Kamilo Feher, 1999, PHI.
3. Wireless Communication and Networking – William Stallings, 2003, PHI.
4. Wireless Communication – Upen Dalal, Oxford Univ. Press
5. Wireless Communications and Networking – Vijay K. Gary, Elsevier.
ISES1212 RTOS RT-LINUX lab
Lab experiments (case studies)
1. Real-time clock, Display,
1. ADC and serial port drivers on the board
2. Real-time operating system kernel: thread switching and synchronization
3. Blocking semaphores, priority scheduling, performance measures, profiling
4. Microphone or Sharp distance sensor input,
5. Digital filters, FFT, display spectrum on the LCD (Graphics driver in ST7735.h ST7735.c)
6. Solid state disk, SSI, Address translation, layered software, file system
7. Distributed data acquisition using CAN of IR distance sensor and Ping))),
8. H-bridge for DC motor
ISES1213 EMBEDDED LINUX LAB
Experiment 1 (Basic commands)
I. a) Installation of Unix/Linux operating system.
b) Study of logging/logout details.
c) Study of Unix/Linux general purpose utility command list obtained from (man, who,
cat, cd, cp, ps, ls, mv, rm, mkdir, rmdir, echo, more, date, time, kill, history, chmod,
chown, finger, pwd, cal, logout, shutdown) commands.
d) Study of vi editor.( http://www.tutorialspoint.com/unix/pdf/unix-vi-editor.pdf)
e) Study of Bash shell, Bourne shell and C shell in Unix/Linux operating system.
f) Study of Unix/Linux file system (tree structure).
g) Study of .bashrc, /etc/bashrc and Environment variables.
Experiment 2 (C programs)
I. Write a C program to check whether the given string is palindrome or not using
Command line substitution.
II. Write a C program to emulate the UNIX ls-l command.
III. Write a C program to check the given integer is prime or not.
IV. Write a C program to display Largest of three numbers.
Experiment 3 (C programs)
I. Write a C program to check whether the given number is Avogadro number or not.
II. Write a C program to find the Factorial of a given number.
III. Write a C program that accept two integers as its arguments and computes the value of
first number raised to the power of second number.
Experiment 4 (Shell scripts)
I. Write a shell script program to display list of user currently logged in.
II. Write a shell script program to display “HELLO WORLD”.
III. Write a shell script program to develop a scientific calculator.
IV. Write a shell Script program to check whether the given number is even or odd.
V. Shell script Program to search whether element is present is in the list or not.
Experiment 5 (Shell scripts and sed)
I. Shell script program to check whether given file is a directory or not.
II. Shell script program to count number of files in a Directory.
III. Shell script program to copy contents of one file to another.
IV. Create directory, write contents on that and Copy to a suitable location in your home
directory.
V. Use a pipeline and command substitution to set the length of a line in file to a variable.
VI. Write a program using sed command to print duplicated lines of Input.
Experiment 6 (grep, awk, perl scripts)
I. (a) Write a grep/egrep script to find the number of words character, words and lines in a
file.
(b) Write an awk script to develop a Fibonacci series.
II. (a) Write a perl script to compute the power of a given number.
(b) Write an awk script to display the pattern of given string or number.
III. (a) Write a perl script to check a number is prime or not.
(b) Write an egrep script to display list of files in the directory.
Experiment 7 (programming)
I. Write a shell script program to display the process attributes.
II. Write a shell script to change the priority of processes.
III. Write a shell script to change the ownership of processes.
IV. Write a program to send back a process from foreground.
V. Write a program to retrieve a process from background.
VI. Write a program to create a Zombie process.
VII. Write a program to create a child process and allow the parent to display “parent” and
the child to display “child” on the screen.
Experiment 8 (Shell script programming)
I. Write a shell script program to check variable attributes of file and processes.
II. Write a shell script program to check and list attributes of processes.
III. Shell Script program to implement read, write, and execute permissions.
IV. Shell Script program for changing process priority.
Experiment 9 (gdb)
I. To execute programs using gdb to utilize its various features like breakpoints,
conditional breakpoints.
II. Write a shell script program to include verbose Debug option for debugging.
III. Write a shell script program to include xtrace Debug option for debugging.
IV. Write a shell script program to include verbose and trace Debug option for debugging.
Experiment 10 (Installations)
I. Installation of Virtual Box (VMWare) on a PC having other operating system.
II. Installation of Cygwin on a PC having other operating system.
III. Installation of NS2 on a PC having Unix/Linux operating system.
IV. Installation of Unix/Linux packages.
