Innovación Social: Parte importante de un nuevo paradigma de innovación

Howaldt/Bogotà 2012

Sozialforschungsstelle DortmundCentral Scientific Institute

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Social Innovation: important part of a new innovation paradigm

Foro Unidos por la innovación socialBogotá, Colombia

March 2012

Prof. Dr. Jürgen HowaldtSozialforschungsstelle Dortmund – TU Dortmund



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High-Tech Strategy for Germany

Emerging technologies are the basis for new products, processes and services which can contribute to mastering current social challenges. Without them, innovation would be unthinkable today. Our country's economic future depends on how effectively we use the opportunities linked to key technologies.

The Federal Government wants to further strengthen Germany's top position in the field of technology within the framework of its High-Tech Strategy.



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“The tracks of international research on innovation demonstrate that the technology-oriented paradigm – shaped by the industrial society – does not cover the broad range of innovations indispensable in the transition from an industrial to a knowledge and services-based society: Such fundamental societal changes require the inclusion of social innovations in a paradigm shift of the innovation system.”

Vienna Declaration: The most relevant topics in social innovation research



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Social Innovation will play an important role in the Europe 2020 strategy

"Creativity and innovation in general and social innovation in particular are essential factors for fostering sustainable growth, securing jobs and increasing competitive abilities, especially in the midst of the economic and financial markets crisis."



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My Topics

I want to

outline the main characteristics of a sociologically enlightened new paradigm of innovation

touch upon the increasing relevance of social innovation and provide a short overview of the main fields of application

define mayor challenges regarding the promotion of social innovation



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Basic assumption

The transition from an industrial to a knowledge and services-based society corresponds with a paradigm shift of the innovation system.

This paradigm shift also implies an increasing importance of social innovation as compared to technological innovation.



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Main characteristic

This New Innovation Paradigm – as described by the experts of the OECD Study “New Nature of Innovation” – is essentially characterised by the opening of the innovation process to society.

Alongside companies, universities and research institutes, citizens and customers, NGOs and social movements become relevant actors within the innovation process.



8A New Nature of Innovation” (OECD 2010)



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Social Innovation moves from the margins to the mainstream

At the start of 2009 President Obama announced the establishment of a new “Office for Social Innovation at the White House“ and allocated USD 50million to a fund for social innovation.The Fund will focus on priority policy areas, including education, health care, and economic opportunity.



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Social innovation moves from the margins to the mainstream 1985: Institute for social Inventions, London 1986: Centre de recherche sur les innovations sociales, (CRISIS), Montreal 1990: Zentrum für Soziale Innovation (ZSI), Wien 1995: Soziale Innovation GmbH, Dortmund 2000: Stanford University 2004: Centre for Social Innovation (CSI), Toronto 2004: Institut für Sozialinnovation, Berlin 2005: Institut für soziale Innovationen, Solingen 2005: Young Foundation, London 2005: Preis für soziale Innovation, Wien 2006: Nederlands Centre for Social Innovation (NCSI), Utrecht 2006: New Zealand Centre for Social Innovation (NZCSI), Auckland 2008: „Management Sozialer Innovationen“; Hochschule München 2009: The Australian Centre for Social Innovation (TACSI), Adelaide 2010: Social Innovation and Social Entrepreneurship Centre, New Zealand



11© European Union/The Young Foundation 2010



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„Social innovations are innovations that are social in both their ends and their means.

Specially we define social innovation as new ideas (products, services and models) that simultaneously meet social needs (more effectively than alternatives) and create new social relationsships or collaborations.

They are innovations that are not only good for society but also enhance society‘ s capacity to act.“

Bepa report 2010, 9

Social Innovation in the European Union„Empowering people, driving change“

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Areas of social innovation

civil society: the increase in the significance of cohabitation or the environmental movement

state action: the introduction of social security and national insurance

business world: the advent of team work, knowledge management or new social services

(Katrin Gillwald 2000)



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Social Innovation – Social Entrepreneurship

An innovative, pragmatic and sustainable entrepeneurial activity for a significant, positive change in society

Connection between entrepeneurial activity and social goals

Multitude of global initiatives (e.g. Ashoka, Grameen Bank) and a barely clear number of regional initiatives

http://www.businesspj.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/socialentrepreneurship.jpg



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Social Innovators – Mohammad Yunus

Founder of Grameen Bank in Bangladesh, that makes available microcredits for low-income clientele

The method of Grameen Bank is practice in 58 countries today

Bearer of the Nobel price for Peace

www.grameen-info.org

http://www.br-online.de/content/cms/Universalseite/8MIGRATION/wissen-bildung/thema/nobelpreis/struktur/cumulus/BR-online-Publikation--51823.jpg



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Social Innovators – Victoria Hale

Founder of Institute for OneWorld Health (IOWH), a welfare oriented pharmaceutical firm in the USA

IOWH develops pharmaceuticals, which are not financially profitable

In large part the projects are financed by the Gates foundation

www.oneworldhealth.orghttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/_wuoU3fxG-Sc/RkE-tD2ltmI/AAAAAAAAACY/3OACCwc4AMw/s320/sos_hale_225.jpg



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Social Innovation – Carsharing

Common use of cars through the provision of vehicles in main areas

Carsharing-organisation professionalized the traditional „driving communities“

In Germany there are around 110 carsharing-organisations with 158.000 customers

http://www.carsharing-vergleich.de/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/carsharing-münchen.jpg



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Social Innovation – Corporate Social Responsibilitiy (CSR)

Responsible entrepeunerial activity referering to the environment, employees and other stakeholders

Voluntary, ethical motivated acting that exceeds the legal duties by far

CSR influences economic success and earns social and ecological benefit in the long term

www.sierraexpressmedia.net/Home/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Corporate-Social-Responsibility.jpg



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Social Innovation – Short-time work

Reduction of working time instead of dismissal

Developed in collaboration between economy and politics with the goal of maintaining workplaces in times of crises

In 2009 over 1.4 million short-time workers in Germany, which prevented a drastic rise of unemployment

http://www.bundesregierung.de/Content/DE/Artikel/2009/02/Bild/diagramm-zur-konjunkturbedingten-kurzarbeit,property=poster.jpg



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Social Innovation – The welfare programme of Krupp

Extensive social benefits for employees, e.g. flats and medical provision

Not only monetary rewards for employees

Long-term, generation-spanning attachment of the employees and innovator for the social responsibility of firms and corporations http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Ehem._Konsumanstalt_Margarethenh

%C3%B6he.jpg



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Overall scientific advancement required to meet expectations and developments in social innovation practices Elaboration on the particular features of the concept and clarification of

definitions Embedding the concept of social innovation in a comprehensive theory of

innovation Development of coherent methodologies to identify and measure social

innovations


Challenge 1: We have to develop a clear concept of social innovation



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Challenge 2: „Redraw the boundaries”

“The world needs more social innovation - and so all who aspire to solve the world’s most vexing problems - entrepreneurs, leaders, managers, activists, and change agents - regardless of whether they come from the world of business, government, or nonprofits, must shed old patterns of isolation, paternalism, and antagonism and strive to understand, embrace, and leverage cross-sector dynamics to find new ways of creating social value.”

(Phills et al. 2008)



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Combine the potential of social innovation in the social economy, civil society, business firms and the state (Multi-level governance)

Promote alliances between universities, companies and the state around social innovation

Opening the process of innovation to society including all stakeholders in the development and diffusion of innovation

Empowering people: Include citizens, clients, social movements, communities in the process of social innovation

Innovation „bottom up“: learning from experiences of innovation research and business and public service innovation

Ameliorate the conditions of participation and self-management in social innovations aimed at overcoming poverty and pauperisation




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Challenge 3: Networks as Success Factor for Social Innovation

Networks can be described as one of the most important features of the new innovation paradigm, a result of a profound transformation of the innovation process.

(Howaldt and Schwarz, 2010)



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Social Innovators – Mohammad Yunus

“Most social businesses are likely to originate with one person, or perhaps with a small group of people - friends, work colleagues, or people with a shared interest in a particular social problem. Within such a small group, you may not have all the expertise, experience, ideas and resources needed to make your social business idea into a reality. Don’t let that stop you! Look around for others you can partner with.”

http://www.br-online.de/content/cms/Universalseite/8MIGRATION/wissen-bildung/thema/nobelpreis/struktur/cumulus/BR-online-Publikation--51823.jpg



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Networks for Social Innovation

Social Services in general Health Care Services for Elderly and

Dependent Persons Modernization of Education Systems

(LLL) Social Integration and Equal

Opportunities Clean Technologies Sustainable Development Climate Change

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_wuoU3fxG-Sc/RkE-tD2ltmI/AAAAAAAAACY/3OACCwc4AMw/s320/sos_hale_225.jpg



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Challenge 4: New ways of diffusion and scaling up of social innovation

One critical question is “whether and how networks can help facilitate innovations to bridge the seemingly insurmountable chasms that separate local solutions from broad system transformation: that is, how they help innovations to ’cross scales’”.

(Moore and Westley, 2011)



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Organise learning processes between social economy, civil society, business firms and the state

Share knowledge and promising practices Use opportunities of social media for enabling large scale and

systemic social innovations Develop a Knowledge Bank for social innovation Identify venture capital for social entrepreneurs



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Challenge 5: Social Innovation must become a priority on the political agenda

•Multi-level governance and receptivity of governments to social innovations •Incentives from government to promote social innovation•More resources (incl. research programmes) to foster/promote social innovation•Establish a multi-national evidence base of promising practices for inclusion and integration



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Social innovation topicse.g. SSH Work Programme 2012, recent calls

Social innovation against inequalities Social innovation for vulnerable populations Social innovation in the public sector Smart specialisation for regional innovation Innovative policies for employment and labour markets Unveiling creativity for innovation in Europe Mobilising institutional reforms in research and innovation systems for

better scientific, innovation and economic performances in Europe Challenge: Education systems in the 21st century Challenge: Making longevity an asset for economic and social development



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“The most urgent and important innovations in the 21st century will take place in the social field. This opens up the necessity as well as possibilities for Social Sciences and Humanities to find new roles and relevance by generating knowledge applicable to new dynamics and structures of contemporary and future societies.”




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“You can resist an invading army; you cannot resist an idea whose time has come.”Victor Hugo



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Social Innovation: Concepts, Research Fields and International TrendsStudies for Innovation in a Modern Working Environment 5

Jürgen Howaldt/Michael Schwarz

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