INSY 3020_06 Fire Safety II.ppt

8/20/2019 INSY 3020_06 Fire Safety II.ppt

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Fire Safety II

INSY 3020/7970/7976/ENH 670Occupational Safety & Ergonomic


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Outline Introduction to Fire Safety

Exit Routes

Fire Protection Emergency Action Plan

Fire Prevention Plan

OSHA Subpart E OSHA Subpart

Evacuation !odeling


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2# $FR %#%& OSHA'eneral IndustryRegulations (nited States $ode )(S$*

$ongress

(S Statutes at arge

Federal agencies Regulations and Standards

$ode of Federal Regulations )$FR* Indexed by alp+anumeric code

,& topics or titles Ex- 2# $FR.OSHA 'eneral Industry

Regulations


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2# $FR.OSHA 'eneral IndustryRegulations 0itle 2# of t+e $FR

Part %#%&- general industry Eac+ part is divided into subparts )21* and

sections Paragrap+s subparagrap+s3 etc4

2# $FR %#%&4"/)c*)2*

2# $FR %#%& OSHA'eneral IndustryRegulations


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OSHA 0idbits S!all means mut and is

mandatory4 S!oul" means recommen"e"4

#inimal Stan"ar"

0+e standards do not pro+ibit abetter type of construction3 moreexits3 etc4


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%#%& Subpart E Part 5umber-%#%&

Part 0itle- Occupational Safety andHealt+ Standards

Subpart- E

Subpart 0itle- Exit Routes3Emergency Action Plans3 and FirePrevention Plans

Standard 5umber-%#%& Subpart E


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%#%& Subpart E %#%&4"/ $overage and de7nitions %#%&4", $ompliance 8it+ 5FPA %&%.

2&&&3 ife Safety $ode %#%&4"1 9esign and construction

re:uirements for exit routes %#%&4"6 !aintenance3 safeguards3 and

operational features for exit routes %#%&4"; Emergency action plans %#%&4"# Fire prevention plans


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%#%&4"/ $overage and

de7nitions $overage

Every employer is covered

Exits routes are covered Some 9e7nitions

Exit Exit access Exit discharge Exit route Occupant load Refuge area


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Refuge Area A space along an exit route t+at is

protected from t+e eoor 8it+ at least t8o spaces3 separatedfrom eac+ ot+er by smo?e.resistant

partitions3 in a building protectedt+roug+out by an automatic sprin?lersystem t+at complies 8it+ %#%&4%,# of t+ispart


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%#%&4", $ompliance 8it+5FPA %&%.2&&&3 ife Safety

$ode An employer 8+o demonstrates

compliance 8it+ t+e exit route

provisions of 5FPA %&%.2&&&3 t+eife Safety $ode3 8ill be deemed tobe in compliance 8it+ t+e

corresponding re:uirements in%#%&4"/3 %#%&4"13 and %#%&4"6


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ife Safety $ode@ Handboo?


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%#%&4"1 9esign andconstruction re:uirements for

exit routes asic re:uirements for Exit routes

An exit route must be permanent

An exit must be separated by 7re resistantmaterials

Openings into an exit must be limited

0+e number of exit routes must be

ade:uate A single exit route

08o exit routes

!ore t+an t8o exit routes


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%#%&4"1 9esign andconstruction re:uirements for

exit routes An exit route must meet

minimum +eig+t and 8idt+re:uirements 0+e ceiling of an exit route must

be at least 6B1C )24" m* +ig+4 Any proDection from t+e ceiling

must not reac+ a point less t+an1B;C )24& m* from t+e >oor

An exit access must be at least2;C )6%4% cm* 8ide at all points 0+e 8idt+ of an exit route must

be sucient to accommodatet+e maximum permittedoccupant load of eac+ >oor

served by t+e exit route

6’8”

7”6”


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%#%&4"6 !aintenance3safeguards3 and operational

features for exit routes 0+e danger to employees must be minimied

ig+ting and mar?ing must be ade:uate and

appropriate 0+e 7re retardant properties of paints or

solutions must be maintained

Exit routes must be maintained during

construction3 repairs3 or alterations An employee alarm system must be operable


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%#%&4"; Emergency actionplans

Application An employer must +ave an emergency

action plan 8+enever an OSHAstandard in t+is part re:uires one4

Gritten and oral emergency action

plans !inimum elements of an

emergency action plan


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%#%&4"# Fire preventionplans

Employee information An employer must inform employees

upon initial assignment to a Dob of t+e7re +aards to 8+ic+ t+ey areexposed4 An employer must alsorevie8 8it+ eac+ employee t+oseparts of t+e 7re prevention plannecessary for self.protection4


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%#%& Subpart

Part 5umber-%#%&

Part 0itle- Occupational Safety and

Healt+ Standards Subpart-

Subpart 0itle- Fire Protection

Standard 5umber-%#%& Subpart 0itle- Aut+ority for %#%& Subpart

Appendix- A 3 3 $ 3 9 3 E


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%#%& Subpart

%#%&4%,, . Scope3 application and de7nitions applicable tot+is subpart

%#%&4%,1 . Fire brigades %#%&4%,6 . Portable 7re extinguis+ers %#%&4%,; . Standpipe and +ose systems %#%&4%,# . Automatic sprin?ler systems %#%&4%1& . Fixed extinguis+ing systems3 general %#%&4%1% . Fixed extinguis+ing systems3 dry c+emical %#%&4%12 . Fixed extinguis+ing systems3 gaseous agent

%#%&4%1" . Fixed extinguis+ing systems3 8ater spray andfoam %#%&4%1/ . Fire detection systems %#%&4%1, . Employee alarm systems Appendices A . E


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$lasses of 7re

Fires are classi7ed by t+e material t+at is burning4

Fires are designated as- $lass A

$lass

$lass $ $lass 9


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$lasses of 7re

$lass A 7re means a 7reinvolving ordinary combustible

materials suc+ as paper3 8ood3clot+3 and some rubber and plasticmaterials3 leaving an as+ residue

and burn 8it+ a 8+ite to graysmo?e4


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$lasses of 7re

$lass 7re means a 7reinvolving >ammable or

combustible li:uids3 >ammablegases3 greases and similarmaterials3 and some rubber and

plastic materials4


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$lasses of 7re


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$lasses of 7re

$lass $ 7re means a 7reinvolving energied electrical

e:uipment 8+ere safety to t+eemployee re:uires t+e use ofelectrically nonconductive

extinguis+ing media4


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$lasses of 7re


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$lasses of 7re

$lass 9 7re means a 7reinvolving combustible metals suc+

as magnesium3 titanium3irconium3 sodium3 lit+ium andpotassium4


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Fire Extinguis+mentSystems

Portable extinguis+ing Extinguis+er rating

t+e numerical rating given to an extinguis+er8+ic+ indicates t+e extinguis+ing potential of t+eunit based on standardied tests developed by(nder8ritersJ aboratories3 Inc4

Ex- 2.A or 2&. )relative e


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KExtinguis+er classi7cationC means t+e letterclassi7cation given an extinguis+er todesignate t+e class or classes of 7re on 8+ic+

an extinguis+er 8ill be e


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Fire $+emistry

0+e Fire 0etra+edron4 0+e Fire 0etra+edron4 0+e removal of any one element 0+e removal of any one element

extinguis+es t+e 7re4extinguis+es t+e 7re4

OXYGEN

FUEL

HEAT

CHEMICAL CHAIN REACTION


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GaterGater )$lass KAC Agent*

Removes +eat3 best on $lass KAC7res3 best overall agent4

Lery bad for $lass KC 7res as itspreads t+e fuel4

Lery bad for $lass K$C 7res as it

conducts electricity4 9isastrous on a $lass K9C 7re3 may

cause an explosion4


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$arbon dioxide$arbon dioxide )$lass K$C

Agent* $arbon dioxide means a

colorless3 odorless3 electrically

nonconductive inert gas t+at is amedium for extinguis+ing 7res byreducing t+e concentration of

oxygen or fuel vapor in t+e air tot+e point 8+ere combustion isimpossible4


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$arbon dioxide$arbon dioxide )$lass K$C

Agent* 9isplaces oxygen reducing its

concentration to belo8 t+e level

capable of supporting combustion4 'ood for $lass KC and K$C 7res4

5ot good for $lass KAC 7res4

Haardous to +umans4


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9ry c+emicals

Ordinary dry c+emical po8der)$lass K$C Agent*. Siliconied Sodium icarbonate4 Airborne po8der interrupts t+e

c+emical c+ain reaction4

9oes not smot+er3 cool or removefuel4

'ood for $lass KC and $lass K$C 7res4


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9ry $+emicals

!ultipurpose dry c+emical po8der)$lass KA$C Agent* Siliconied Ammonium P+osp+ate4 Performs as above3 plus t+e po8der

melts 8+en it contacts a +ot surface3sealing t+e oxygen a8ay from t+e fuel4

'ood for $lass KC and $lass K$C 7res4 Fair for $lass KAC 7res4


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FoamFoam )$lass KAC Agent*

Gater based detergent >oats onsurface of burning li:uids3 excluding

oxygen from t+e fuel4 Excellent cooling :ualities3 same as

8ater4

5ot suitable for a $lass K$C 7re4


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9ry po8der9ry po8der )$lass K9CAgent*

Only for $lass K93C metal 7res4

o8 velocity3 sodium bicarbonate or

sand4 Attempts to smot+er 7re= +o8ever3

some metal 7res 8ill continue to burn8it+ no apparent source of oxygen4


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PMP or Purple M Po8derPMP or Purple M Po8der )$lassK$9C Agent*

Potassium bicarbonate dyed purple todistinguis+ it from ot+er agents4

Primarily for $lass K9C 7res)smot+ering*4

It 8ill 8or? on $lass KC and $lass K$C7res as 8ell )interrupting*4


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PMP or Purple M Po8derPMP or Purple M Po8der)$lass K$9C Agent*


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Fire detection systems

Heat detector temperature is t+e primary indicator of

7re Fixed temperature Smo?e detector

Smo?e is t+e primary 7re indicator Ioniation N contains radioactive material

t+at Kc+argesC smo?e particles and sensest+e electrical potential

P+otoelectricity N smo?e disrupts a beam of

lig+t4


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Fire detection systems

Flame detectors !onitor t+e 8avelengt+ of lig+t for t+ose most

common to 7re4 Susceptible to false readings

Rate of rise detectors Respond to 7res t+at >ame up :uic?ly but do

not react to slo8er c+anges in ambient

temperature4 'as sensors

(se t+e presence of combustion gases as t+eprimary 7re indicator4


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Fixed Extinguis+ingSystems )Sprin?lerSystems* Sprin?ler systems

Automatic Semiautomatic

Studies +ave s+o8n t+at sprin?ler systems to be t+e most

e


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Fixed Extinguis+ingSystems )Sprin?lerSystems* 5FPA %"R Standard for t+e Installation of

Sprin?ler Systems in Residential Occupanciesup to and Including Four Stories in Heig+t

5FPA %/ Standard for t+e Installation ofStandpipe and Hose Systems

5FPA %, Standard for Gater Spray FixedSystems for Fire Protection

5FPA %1 Standard for t+e Installation of Foam.Gater Sprin?ler and Foam.Gater SpraySystems


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Sprin?ler Systems

Get.pipe system $ontains 8ater under pressure at all

times4 Any sprin?ler +ead t+at is opened 8ill

allo8 8ater to pass immediately4

can be damaged by 8ater freeing int+e pipes or lea?age Antifreee solution


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Get.pipe system


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Sprin?ler Systems

9ry.pipe system $ontains pressuried air or nitrogen at all times4

Gater is separated from t+e dry pipes4

G+en sprin?ler +ead is opened3 pressure is lost4 0+is loss of pressure opens a valve to release 8ater

into t+e system4

9ry.pipe system is suitable for areas subDect to

freeing4 Slo8er t+an 8et.pipe system


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9ry.pipe system

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INSY 3020_06 Fire Safety II.ppt

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