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Chapter 1:Introduction and methodology
1.1 Introduction
a)Pokhara University
Pokhara university is the fth university in the country which was established
in 1996 A.D. under the government policy o adapting a multiuniversity
system in the country with aims to e!pand the access the higher education.
"t#s main unction is to produce skilled human resources or the national
development by providing $uality education. %he central o&ce o the
university is located in 'ekhnath municipality1() *aski district) +estern
development region o ,epal.
b)Nobel College
,obel -ollege was established in (1 A.D. and it is named ater a great/wedish scientist) Alred ,obel) the ounder o the world#s honored nobel
prices. As great minds are given recognition with such price the college aims
to strive or e!cellent institute to provide a value based education at a
bachelor level.
%here are several programs at bachelor level such as business
Administration) -omputer "normation /ystem) ,ursing) 0edical laboratory
%echnology) 0edical 0icrobiology) 0edical iochemistry and 2ealth -are
0anagement with a&liated to Pokhara 3niversity.
c) BCI
%he achelor o -omputer "normation /ystems 4-"/5 is an undergraduate
or bachelors degree that ocuses on practical applications o technology to
support organi7ations while adding value to their o8erings. "n order to apply
technology e8ectively in this manner) a broad range o subects are covered)
such as communications) business) networking) sotware design) and
mathematics. %his degree encompasses the entirety o the -omputing feld
and thereore is very useul when applying to computing positions o various
sectors.
d)tudent Pro!le
0y name is /usan /hrestha and " am studying or a degree in achelors# in-omputers "normation /ystem 4-"/5 in ,obel -ollege a&liated to Pokhara3niversity. " propose that my work as an intern with the "% department o:astriya aniya ank is appropriate within the maor and thereore shouldbe eligible or three academic credits towards a degree.
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1." Background o# the studyAs a part o the -"/ program) the college under Pokhara 3niversity
authori7es this internship program with the motive o blending theoretical
knowledge to practical e!perience. %his task was assigned to me or our
development and e!posure in reallie corporate condition. " accomplished
this internship program at :astriya aniay ank) -entral o&ce) *athmandu.
As stipulated by the 3niversity) the duration o my internship was eight
weeks. During my internship " ound that the organi7ation had very riendly
and cooperative working environment) which made me easy to accomplish
my proect and e!perience the practical knowledge that should be possessedin the organi7ations culture.
1.$ %b&ective o# study
;ach kind o study has its own obectives. +ithout obectives) nothing can be
achieved. %he main obectives o this report are to ac$uaint the "% student
like us with the reality o the organi7ations# unctioning and to undertake in
depended analysis and the appraisal o the situation. %he general obective
o this report is to partially ulfll the re$uirements or the degree o -"/.
2owever) the specifc obectives are as ollows<
%o fnd the use o "normation %echnology in today#s banking system.
a. %o fnd the various anking perormances. %o gain the practical knowledge o what we have studied.
"dentiy the impact o "% in banking system.
%o e!amine the network and data communication o the banking
system. %o look out the strength and weakness o the :astriya aniya ank.
%o provide the inormation to the employees o :atriya aniya ank.
1.' %rgani(ation o# the paper *o+ chart o# report)
%he organi7ation o the paper or the =owchart is as ollows<
-hapter 1< "ntroduction and 0ethodology
1.1 "ntroduction
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a5 Pokhara 3niversityb5 ,obel -ollegec5 -"/d5 /tudent profle
1.( ackground o the study1.> ?bectives o the study
1.@ ?rgani7ation o the paper 4low chart o report5
1.B /tudy methodology
a5 "nternal inormationb5 ;!ternal inormation
1.6 /cope o the study
1.C 'imitations o the study
1. -omparative Eantt chart 4pre and post5
-hapter (
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data communication " have collected inormation through :astriya aniya
ank) internet) books) teachers) and some previous records.
1.- cope o# the study
%he main scope o the internship are listed below<
"t allows us to apply theory knowledge in real practice.
"t allows us to e!perience the working environment o an "%
organi7ation.
"t allows us to study the overall "% system o an organi7ation.
1. /imitations o# the tudy
As we know each and everything has its own limitation. ,o study can be ree
rom impediments. %he maor limitations o internship report are as ollows<
All the data#s included in this report are collected rom :.
Due to limited time) " was not able to know inormation o banking.
0ost o the studies are based on secondary data.
%he bank#s policy on keeping some matters confdential prevented
rom analy7ing di8erent activities. %his study may not be applicable to other organi7ations o similar
nature.
%his study takes into consideration only about general activites anddoes not include minor details about each and every activity perormed
in the bank due to time constraint.
1.0 Comparative antt chart pre and post)
Eantt char is a bar chart which illustrates the start and fnish o terminal
elements and summary elements o a proect. "t is used to represent data
that has been collected.
%ask
+eeks
1st (nd >rd @th Bth 6th Cth th
Proposal
+riting
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/ubmissio
n o
proposal
+orking at
ank
Data
analysis
and report
writing
:eview
and
presentati
on
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Chapter ":%rgani(ation under study
".1 2istory +ith industry background)
%he history o banking is nearly as old as civili7ation. "n the ancient :ome
and Ereece) the practice o storing precious metals and coins at sae places
and loaning out money or public and private purpose on interest was
prevalent. "n ;ngland) banking had its origin with the 'ondon goldsmith who
in the 1Cth century began to accept deposits rom merchants and others orsae keeping o money and other valuables. As public enterprise) banking
made its frst appearance in "taly in 11BC A.D when the Gank o HeniceI was
ounded. 'inguistic 4the science o language5 and etymology 4the study o
the origin o words5 suggest an interesting story about the origin o the word
GbankI. oth the old rench word Gan$ueI and the "talian word GancaI
were used centuries ago to mean a GbenchI or Gmoney changer#s tableI.
anks are among the most important fnancial institutions whose principle
operation are concerned with accumulation o the temporarily idle money
with the general public or the purpose o advancing it to others or
e!penditure. %hus) the word banking has been used to denote a certain kindo trading in money. A bank is thereore a corporation that deals with credit
i.e. accepts deposits rom the public) withdrawing by che$ues and advances
loans o various sorts.
:astriya aniya ank 4:5 is the ully government owned) and is the
largest commercial bank in ,epal. : 'td. established on January (>) 1966
4 ((( 0agh 1 5 a synonymous o stable and peoples bank in ,epal is
one o the pioneer ank in the country with the history o nearly a hal
century. ;arlier constituted under : act ((1 with the ull ownership o the
government o ,epal) the ank has been running under ank and inancial
"nstitute Act 4 A"A 5 and -ompany Act 4-A5 (6> at present. %he anklicensed by ,: as a A class commercial ank o the country) has grown up
as an indispensable component o the ,epalese economy.
: has ,epals most e!tensive banking network with over 1(B branches.
%hrough its branch network) : has been contributing to ,epals economic
development by providing banking services throughout the country.
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:astriya aniya ank provides an environment within which the bank can
bring uni$ue fnancial value and services to all customers. "t is a sound
institution where depositors continue to have aith in the security o their
unds are receive reasonable returnsF borrowers are assured o appropriate
credit acilities at reasonable pricesF other service seekers receive prompt
and attentive service at reasonable costF employees are paid ade$uatecompensation with proessional career growth opportunities and
stockholders receive satisactory return or their investment.
"." Promoters
A promoter is the one) who undertakes to orm an organi7ation withreerence to a given obect and sets it going and takes the necessary steps
to accomplish that purpose.
2ere are the promoters o :astriya aniya ank<
-hairman
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Director < Dr. Jitendra Prasad 3padhya
Academic Kualifcation< 0..A. and 0.Phil. rom %.3. ,epal and Ph.D. rom
0.D./.3niversity) Amer) :aasthan) "ndia.
Proessional ;!perience< Associate Proessor at ,epal -ommerce -ampus
*athmandu or the last 1B years. 2e has coauthored books in accountingand management and published more than two do7en articles in ,epalese
and international ournal. esides) he has participated in di8erent workshops
and seminars in ,epal and "ndia.
Director < 0r. Eyanendra :a *oirala
Academic Kualifcation< .-om. M .'. 4%.3. ,epal5
Proessional ;!perience< Eeneral 0anager) Eodawari 0arble "ndustries Pvt.
'td. 4B66 ./.5 )-hie -oordinator and acilitator L -onsortium Power
Developers Pvt. 'td. 4at present5
Director < 0r. atuknath Dhakal
Academic Kualifcation< 0.-om. M .'. %3
Proessional ;!perience< 0r. Dhakal has earned ( yrs. /ervice e!perience
4(@> (6 ./.5 at /mall -ottage industries Development committee in the
di8erent capacities rom 7onal -hie to Deputy ;!ecutive Director.
Director < 0r. 2ari Prasad 0unakami
Academic Kualifcation< .A. Prithvi ,arayan -ampus) Pokhara 4%35
Proessional ;!perience< 0r. 0unakami has earned e!perience o ranch
-hie at Agricultural Development ank ltd or (C years and 0anager at
Annapurna /ahakari /anstha 'td Eorkha or > yrs.
Director
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Proessional ;!perience < 0r. /hrestha born on the 1@th o (1> Asadh) at
-hainpur 0unicipality 1) /ankhubasabha) having e!perience o serving in
the di8erent capacities ranging rom various Departmental -hies to DE0 or
years) successully completed the tenure 4(69 (C1 ./.5 o Eeneral
0anager at ,epal ank 'td. the pioneer ank o the country.
".$ 3anagement
0anagement in businesses and organi7ations is the unction that coordinates
the e8orts o people to accomplish goals and obectives by using available
resources e&ciently and e8ectively.
0anagement includes planning) organi7ing) sta&ng) leading or directing) and
controlling an organi7ation to accomplish the goal or target. :esourcing
encompasses the deployment and manipulation o human resources)
fnancial resources) technological resources) and natural resources.
2ere are the management committee o :astriya aniya ank<
DE0 ishnu Prasad aidhya 0ember
DE0 hupendra Pandey 0ember
DE0 /ushil /hrestha 0ember
DE0 *avira Adhikari 0ember
Dept. -hie *eshav Prasad 'amsal 0ember
Dept. -hie %ek :a Joshi 0ember
".' Philosophy mission4vision and ob&ectives)
Hision< N%o provide innovative banking services to everyone) everytime and
everywhere or the economic development o the nation.N
0ission< N%o provide easy and innovative banking products and services or
our customers by implementing one stop service concept rom our wide
network using our modern technology $ualifed human resources in
competitive environment. +e always look or the beneft o the local
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communities supporting entrepreneurship) social responsibility and economic
prosperity o the nation.N
:astriya aniya ank has the ollowing obectives
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".- ta5ng
:astriya aniya ank has hired sta8s as per the re$uirement in the di8erent
department in the ?rgani7ation. %he ?rganogram o the organi7ation is as
ollows<
oard o Directors
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". Prouduct and ervices rendered
a)/oan
: ank provides loans to both an individual as well as business loan in
order to meet their re$uirements may be on the basis o collateral or not.
:) at its customer services) provides di8erent types o loan such as<
-;?
Deputy Eeneral 0anager
4DE05
2uman
:esource
"normati
oninance
and %reasur
yEenera
l-redit
%raining and
Developmen
'egal
0arketing
and
0anagement
"normation
/O/%;0
ranch
?peration
udget and
Planning
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+orking -apital 'oan
i!ed -apital 'oan
"mport 'oan
ills Discounting acility under /uppliers -redit
;!port 'oan
2ire Purchase Proect inance
-onsortiumM/yndication 'oan
0ortgage 'oan
'oan against i!ed Deposit and collateral
2ousing inance
Personal fnance
b) 6rade 7inance
: reali7ing the importance o import and e!port in the country has been
providing fnancing acilities to trade in order to promote revenue and
economic conditions o individuals as well as to nation. %he acilities o8ered
under trade fnance are as ollows<
"mport '-
;!port '-
orward -ontract
id ond
Perormance ond
-ounter Euarantee
Advance Payment Euarantee
/hipping "ndemnity
c) 8eposit
?n this) bank accepts both in home and oreign currency rom individual)
institutions and corporation. : o8ers di8erent product and services in
order to promote saving habit which are mentioned below<
-urrent Deposit
-all Deposit
%ime Deposit ,ormal /avings
'ok achat
/tudent /aving
al achat
Jestha achat
Jestha 0uddhati
:etirement und
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Provident und
d)9emittance
:emittance 4:0%5 is the process o transerring und rom one place to any
corner o the world. "n regard o providing this service) : ank o8ers theollowing modes o remittance which are<
+estern 3nion
oreign "nward :emittances
/+"% %ransers
Anywhere ranch anking
e)Cards and 63s
%o serve its customers with new technology) : ank has developed
di8erent plastic cards that reduce the need to move to bank or withdrawing
cash or checking balance.
#) ;
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". 7uture plans
%he uture plans o :astriya aniya ank are listed below<
usiness growth and increase in market share.
/ustainable increase in profts.
"ncrease in capital base o the ank by meeting the minimum capital
re$uirement.
C2P6;9 $:tudy o# department and roles o# I6 in
each departments
$.1 2uman 9esource 3anagement
2uman :esource 0anagement 42:05 is the term used to describe ormal
systems devised or the management o people within an organi7ation. %he
responsibilities o a human resource manager all into three maor areas<
sta&ng) employee compensation and benefts) and defningMdesigning work.
;ssentially) the purpose o 2:0 is to ma!imi7e the productivity o an
organi7ation by optimi7ing the e8ectiveness o its employees.
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a)9oles %he human resources management team suggests to the management
team how to strategically manage people as business resources. At all levels o the organi7ation) managers and 2uman resource
proessionals work together to develop employees skills.
2uman :esource proessionals also suggest strategies or increasingemployee commitment to the organi7ation.
An 2uman :esource 0anagement team helps a business develop a
competitive advantage) which involves building the capacity o the
company so it can o8er a uni$ue set o goods or services to its
customers.
b)7unctions :ecruitment
/aety
;mployee relations -ompensation and benefts
-ompliance
%raining and Development
c) 8epartment under 293 Planning and :ecords /ection
%raining and Hehicle /ection
Personnel Admin /ection
:ecruitment /ecretariat
0anagement Development and Eeneral Admin 'egal /ection
d) 6ools and 6echnologies used ;mployee ;ngagement /urveys
;mployee /atisaction %ools
;mpowerment %ools %echni$ues
?rgani7ational -ommitment ;valuation
*ey Perormance "ndicators or 2:
;mployee /atisaction /urvey
2: ;8ectiveness ;valuation ;mployee Development Plan
-areer 0anagement %ools
;mployee Perormance 0anagement
$." 7inance
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inance is a feld that deals with the study o investments. "t includes thedynamics o assets and liabilities over time under conditions o di8erentdegrees o uncertainty and risk. inance can also be defned as the scienceo money management. A key point in fnance is the time value o money)which states that purchasing power o one unit o currency can vary over
time. inance aims to price assets based on their risk level and theire!pected rate o return. inance can be broken into three di8erent subcategories< public fnance) corporate fnance and personal fnance.
a)9oles 0anagement controller
Haluation analyst
inancial controller
Proect manager
b)7unctions %he most common unction o the fnance department comprises thedocumentation and the controlling o incoming and outgoing cash=ows as well as the actual handling o the cash =ows.
%he fnance department is responsible or the payment o bills) wages
and salaries. %he fnance department will also be responsible or the technical
details o how a business raises fnance e.g. through loans) and therepayment o interest on that fnance.
inance management provides the management inormation.
c) 8epartment under !nance Procurement /ection
;!penditure /ection
-ash and ank /ection
+elare /ection
d)6ools and 6echnologies used
$.$ 3arketing
A marketing department promotes your business and drives sales o itsproducts or services. "t provides the necessary research to identiy yourtarget customers and other audiences. Depending on the companys
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hierarchical organi7ation) a marketing director) manageror vice presidento marketing might be at the helm.
a)9oles ank customer segmentation analysis
ranch trade area and perormance analysis ranch network optimi7ation and new branch evaluation
b)7unctions ocus on the -ustomer
0onitor the -ompetition
?wn the rand
ind Direct ?utside Hendors
-reate ,ew "deas
-ommunicate "nternally
0anage a udget /et the /trategy) Plan the Attack) and ;!ecute
c) 8epartment under marketing 0arketing manager
0arketing researcher
Public relations
-reative services
d) 6ools and technologies used +ebsite -ontent 0anagement /ystem 4-0/5
-ustomer :elationship 0anagement 4-:05
0arketing Automation
$.' I6 8epartment
"% 4inormation technology5 is the broad subect concerned with all aspects o
managing and processing inormation) especially within a large organi7ationor company. "% is generally not used in reerence to personal or homecomputing and networking.
a)9oles ;nduser support
"nternal systems and network administration)
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"% physical logical security administration
;!ternal systems support 4;!< +eb administration5
;!ternal security 4may include perormance checks5
/taging and test environment administration
?&ce maintenance responsibilities
b)7unctions -reates) maintains and supports the inrastructure which stores critical
data or the organi7ation. ;nsures databases are secure and e&cient or best perormance.
Perorms the installation) maintenance) trouble isolation and repair o
telecommunication and data e$uipment as engineered and designed. Develops relationships with all customers within area o responsibility
and establishes communications with various departments as re$uiredto assure that network e!pansions) system e!pansions) service orders
and service repairs are completed on time and within cost estimates asappropriate. Adheres to method o procedures) e8ectively complies with saety
re$uirements or area o responsibility and maintains service $uality atall times.
-onducts analysis and repair on all trouble reports and participates
with oncall duty programs.
c) 8epartment under I6 department :esearch and development unit
Data center
2ardware unit ""/ implementation
,etwork and inrastructure
-ard center
,ew service department
d)6ools and technologies used 0icrosot o&ce
0icrosot ?&ce is an o&ce suite o applications) servers) and servicesdeveloped by 0icrosot. "t was frst announced by ill Eates on 1
August 19) at -?0D;Q in 'as Hegas. "nitially a marketing term or abundled set o applications) the frst version o ?&ce contained0icrosot +ord) 0icrosot ;!cel) and 0icrosot PowerPoint. ?ver theyears) ?&ce applications have grown substantially closer with sharedeatures such as a common spell checker) ?'; data integration andHisual asic or Applications scripting language. 0icrosot alsopositions ?&ce as a development platorm or lineobusinesssotware under the ?&ce usiness Applications brand.
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-isco packet tracer
Packet %racer is a crossplatorm visual simulation program designed by-isco /ystems that allows users to create network topologies andimitate modern computer networks. %he sotware allows users to
simulate the confguration o -isco routers and switches using asimulated command line interace. Packet %racer makes use o a dragand drop user interace) allowing users to add and remove simulatednetwork devices as they see ft. %he sotware is mainly ocusedtowards -ertifed -isco ,etwork Associate Academy students as aneducational tool or helping them learn undamental --,A concepts./tudents enrolled in a --,A Academy program can reely downloadand use the tool ree o charge or educational use.
/K' /erver
0icrosot /K' /erver is a relational database management systemdeveloped by 0icrosot. As a database server) it is a sotware productwith the primary unction o storing and retrieving data as re$uestedby other sotware applications which may run either on the samecomputer or on another computer across a network 4including the"nternet5.
Hisual /tudio
0icrosot Hisual /tudio is an integrated development environment 4"D;5rom 0icrosot. "t is used to develop computer programs or 0icrosot+indows) as well as web sites) web applications and web services.
Hisual /tudio uses 0icrosot sotware development platorms such as+indows AP") +indows orms) +indows Presentation oundation)+indows /tore and 0icrosot /ilverlight. "t can produce both nativecode and managed code.
Pumori
Pumori Plus is an online multiuser) multicurrency integrated bankingsystem o international standard developed by 0ercantile ?&ce/ystems) ,epal. "t integrates all unctions o ront o&ce and back o&ceas one package. %he system runs on +indows ,% network and provideade$uate security eatures or keeping smooth operation o the
system. "t also takes care o data integrity with it#s internal design.Pumori Plus encompasses a variety o eatures and can easily take careo a small fnancial institute to a large scale banks with internationalstandard. %he actual development started in 19C and the latestrelease is Pumori Plus """ 4version (5. Pumori Plus has now establisheditsel as the most popular banking sotware in ,epal with a clientele o more than @ commercial banks and fnance companies with hundredso installations all over ,epal.
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e)o#t+are development li#e cycle
C2P6;9 ,:7indings and conclusion
,.1 =%6 analysis
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,." I6 department analysis
%he "% department o :astriya aniya ank is considerably good) beside theare some problems like<
%he network is very slow or accessing the data rom the internet.
3sually servers are down due to various kinds o problems such as
disconnection o media) longer distance) the problem o switch) hub
and the problem o security) low bandwidth and leased lines o the
network. " strongly recommend using the fber optics which solves all the
problems recently occurs in the network banking system.
,ot concerned about the multinational banking ramework which playsan indispensable work. Actions such as urther strengthening o netting arrangements.
At last) " would like to re$uest :astriya aniya ank that it should conduct
the training program to the emplyees o all the departments o how to
e8ectively used the new technology in this global competitive world.
,.$ =ork chievement
%he eight week o internship in :astriya aniya ank was really worthwhileand had a memorable e!perience. %he e!posure which the intern got rom
the internship was truly precious or me who contributed a lot to e!pand my
knowledge on general bankingF amiliari7ed me with the working
environment) organi7ational norms and culture) organi7ational structure that
enhanced my interpersonal skills) proessional skills) time management and
developed some sort o confdence in me.
/o) being an intern in one o the leading commercial bank i.e. : has
contributed a lot in polishing my personality as well as career. %he valuable
lessons that the intern learned during the internship period are as ollows<
"t helped the intern to develop interpersonal) managerial and
entrepreneurial skills that are crucial or every proessionals and
employee career development and moreover) sociali7ed with the
proessionals.
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"t helped the intern to reali7e about the importance o time and
punctuality and the need o communication skills during the internship
period. "t helped the intern to e!perience the proessional environment.
%he intern properly learned to deal with the di8erent peopleMcustomers
at di8erent point o time since customers are the main drivers o anyfnancial institutions and they should be pleased by o8ering the $uality
services. %he intern learned to use di8erent o&ce e$uipments like Photocopy
machine) Printer) /canner machine during the internship period. "t helped the intern to learn about the various banking products and
how the department is operated with each other assistance.
,.' 7indings and conclusions
" choose :astriya aniya ank 'imited 4:5 to do my internship on "%M0"/
and ,etworking %echnology used in banking. /ince it is one o the renowned
ank) " elt it will provide me with the practical e!posure in the feld o
-omputer networks. During my internship period the sta8s o : were very
cooperative and guided me all the way till the end o my weeks internship
program. All the knowledge gained in this whole period will surely be handy
or my carrier in the feld o inormation %echnology. %he theoretical
knowledge that gained in our college is now backed up with this internship
program due to its practical nature. urthermore) to learn new lessons which
were not covered in our classes. %he environment o : was mobile) everybody own works. "t was e!citing to
see the real proessional environment o the o&ce. %here were many
departments) each speciali7ing in its own feld. " was very comortable or
they provided me with their senior sta8 as my instructors 0r. ikash Eiri and
respected sta8 took me to many departments to help me gain good
knowledge about the real time scenario o an organi7ation.
%he internship was very benefcial but due to lack o su&cient computers
and re$uired resources and didn#t get the chance to do the real networking
but my instructor e!plained all the networking and data communicationprocedures that were being carried out in the organi7ation. Due to the
confdential nature o the organi7ation " am not allowed to e!pose the name
and working procedure o the organi7ation.
As already mentioned above) " was only amiliar with the aspect o
networking) thereore it took some time to get used to the practical
knowledge and keep in pace with practical procedures. ;ven) encountered
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some absolutely new subect matters that " had e!posed beore in our
college.
" learned to operate the -isco packet tracer /otware) some o the banking
transactions and networking 4how it is connected among various branches
over several locations with the main server5." conducted as part o practicallearning) although " was not allowed to work on main server.
'astly) " would like to thank : amily or their wonderul support and a very
warm hospitality. " also re$uest : to provide provision or internship so the
upcoming interns can ac$uire even more practical knowledge) as possible.
,., Critical %bservation
"nternship is a very new notion in building the educational career o the
students or the reason that it helps to deal with genuine re$uirement o themarket and the way the work practice are being processed in the real time
circumstances. %he purpose o this internship is to be amiliar with the
practical segment and uses o theoretical understanding and illuminating the
career obective. /o " have successully completed the internship and piled
up this report as the summary and the conclusion that have drawn rom the
internship e!perience.
As per this program " have oined :astriya aniya ank as an intern student
in "% department or analy7ing the ,etworking and Data communication. "
have got the knowledge about di8erent banking transactions) networking
and 0"/ o the bank.
" have achieved during the studies in :astriya aniya ank helpul and
cooperative environment that help a lot to me. /o) the time with :astriya
aniya ank very audacious and supportive to my career through which "
have gained valuable work e!perience that will defnitely makes a
complimentary impression on me as a potential upcoming employer.
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9e#erences
A. ook :eerences<
-omputer ,etwork Rourth ;ditionS
y Andrew /. %anenbaum
-omputer ,etworking R/econd ;ditionS
y James . *urose and *eith +. :oss
>. :eerences rom related books
. +ebsite :eerences<
www.:.com.np
www.google.com