Turkey is a country which located on two continents, Asia and Europe. The second largest country in Europe – Russia is the largest one

Geography and Location

■Northwest- Bulgaria- Greece

Turkey's Neighbors

■Northeast- Georgia

■East- Armenia- Nakhichevan- Iran

■South- Syria- Iraq

■ Three sides of Turkey are surrounded by- Black Sea to the north- Aegean in the west- Mediterranean in the south

■ Coastline: over 5,000 miles

■ The Sea of Marmara, an internal sea between the straits of the Dardanelles and the Bosphorus, is in the northwest.

Coastline

Turkey's FounderMustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881 -1938)■ The founder and the first President of Turkish RepublicMustafa Kemal was born in 1881 in Salonika (Thessaloniki, in Greece)■ Turkish nation completed the War of Independence, under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatiirk and the Republic was proclaimed on 29 October 1923.

Mustafa Kemal ATATÜRK■ introduced a broad range of reforms- in the political, social, legal, economic and cultural spheres- such as:- The adoption of Latin Alphabet (1928)- Recognition of the equal rights of women - including full political rights (1930)- Abolition of religious laws (1926)- Unification and secularization of the education system (1924)

Turkish History■ The history of Turks cover a time frame

of more than 4000 years.■ Turks first lived in Central Asia around 2000 BC. Later, some of them left Central Asia and spread around, establishing many states and empires within a vast area of Asia and Europe; including:

The Great Hun EmpireGokturk EmpireUygur EmpireGreat Seljuk EmpireOttoman Empire

Ottoman Empire (1299 - 1923)■ From tiny principality to empire:The small frontier principality founded by Osman Bey in 1299 in the environs of Söğüt in Eskişehir became the magnificent Ottoman Empire a century and a half later, which lasted for 623 years.■ Conquest of Istanbul: 1453■ Ottoman capitals:Bursa in 1326 Edirne in 1365 İstanbul in 1453

■ WORLD WAR I (1914 - 1918)Mondros Armistice : 30 October 1918. The territories of the Ottoman Empire were occupied by Britain, France, Russia and Greece.■ WAR OF INDEPENDENCE (1919-1922)First anti-imperialist war■ Lausanne Treaty July 24, 1923National borders were set; the social, ec independence and sovereignty of Turke acceptedFOUNDATION OF THE REPUBLIC TURKEY: 29 OCTOBER 1923

Ottoman Empire (1299 - 1923)

GOVERNMENT

■ Turkey is a democratic, secular and social state governed by the rule of law; committed to the nationalism of Atatürk and based on the principle of the separation of powers;- Legislative power: The Turkish Grand National Assembly- Executive power: President and the Council of Ministers- Judicial power: Independent courts and supreme judiciary organs

LANGUAGE■ Turkish is the official language and uses Latin letters

■ Turkish alphabet is composed of 29 letters and is very similar to the English alphabet

-Excludes q, w and x -Includes 9, g, 1, o, §, ii

members■ Turkey

Economy■ Turkey is 16th biggest economy in the world,6th in Europe■ Main industries are extile, food processing, autos, electronics, tourism, mining, steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper→ Main export partners; Germany 9.6%, France 6.1%, U.K 5.8%, Italy 5.8%, Iraq 5%→ Main import partners;Russia 14%, Germany 10%, China 9%, U.S 6.1%, Italy 5.4%, France 5%

POPULATION

■ Population of Turkey is 76,8 million. Population of the Turkey's four largest cities:→İstanbul: 14,2 million→Ankara: 5,1 million→İzmir: 4,1 million→ Bursa: 2,8 million

LANGUAGE■ Turkish is the official language and uses Latin letters

■ Turkish alphabet is composed of 29 letters and is very similar to the English alphabet

-Excludes q, w and x -Includes 9, g, 1, o, §, ii

TURKEY’S CİTİES■ Turkey’s capital

city is Ankara

■ Ankara became the capital in October 13, 1923

MAJOR CİTİES IN TURKEY■

İstanbul■ İzmir

■ Antalya

■ Konya

■ Bursa

■ Adana

NATIONAL FESTIVALS

■ Childrens’ Day had its origin in Turkey. The Grand National Assembly of Turkey was established on 1920, April 23, and to commemorate the event, April 23 was proclaimed a national holiday in 1921. Since 1927 it has also become Children's Day, an official holiday dedicated to the children of Turkey and the world. The day is celebrated annually in Turkey with spectacular activities.

NATIONAL FESTIVALS

■ Youth Day (The Commemoration of Atatürk) is an annual Turkish national holiday celebrated on May 19 to commemorate the start of the Turkish War of Independence

NATIONAL FESTIVALS

■ Republic Day: On October 29, 1923, the Turkish constitution was amended and Turkey became a republic. This formally declared the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. In observance of the holiday, government offices and schools close for a day. Also, there are fireworks shows in all cities of Turkey.

SOME SIGHTSEEINGS OF OUR COUNTRY■ Cappadocia: The famous fairy

chimneys

■ Ölüdeniz (Deadsea)

■ Ortaköy Mosque / İstanbul

■ Sultan Ahmet Mosque / İstanbul

■ Topkapı Palace/ İstanbul

■ Ancient Ruins / İzmir

■ Nemrut Maunt / Adımayan

■ Pamukkale / Denizli

■ Sümela Monastery / Trabzon

■ Trojan Horse / Çanakkale

■ CELEBRITIES IN TURKEY

■ Tarkan is a famous pop singer in Turkey

■ Sertab Erener has won the Eurovision Song Contest in 2003

■ Fire of Anatolia

■ Turkey was in the 3rd place in World Football championship in 2002

■ Galatasaray has won the UEFA Cup and Super Cup in 2000

■ Turkey was in the 2nd place in World Basketball Championship in 2010

■ Gheorghe Hagi: Romanian footballerHe played football for Galatasaray between 1996 – 2002All the Turkish people recognize him very well

■ Filip Holosko: Slovakian footballerHe play football for Between between 1996 – 2002All the Turkish people recognize him very well

■ FOODS

■ Döner Kebab is a Turkish dish made of lamb meat. It cooked on a vertical spit and sliced off to order and served wrapped in bread with salad.

■ Mantı dumplings consist of a spiced meat mixture, usually lamb or ground beef, in a dough wrapper, either boiled or steamed.Mantı are typically served topped with yogurt and garlic and spiced with red pepper powder and melted butter, and topped with ground sumac and dried mint.

■ İmambayıldı is braised eggplant stuffed with onion, garlic and tomatoes.

■ Dolma is a family of stuffed vegetable dishes in the cuisines of the former Ottoman Empire.Perhaps the best-known is the grape-leaf dolma.Common vegetables to stuff include eggplant, tomato and pepper.The stuffing may or may not include meat.Meat dolma are generally served warm, often with sauce;meatless ones are generally served cold with yogurt.

■ Tarhana soup is a dried-yogurt based soup.

■ GÜLLAÇ

■ TURKİSH DELİGHT

■ BAKLAVABaklava is a rich, sweet pastry made of layers of phyllo dough filled with chopped nuts and sweetened with syrup or honey.

■ Kabak tatlısı is a famous Turkish dessert which is made of pumpkin.

■ Ayran is a yogurt-based beverage. It is a mixture of yogurt, cold water, and sometimes salt. Ayran is usually served chilled, and is a common accompaniment to döner, kebab, etc.

■ Turkish tea is a type of tea that is popular mainly in the Turkish-speaking countries. Within Turkey, the tea is usually known as Rize tea. Virtually all of the tea is produced in the Rize province, a Turkish province on the Black Sea coast.

■ Turkish coffee is coffee prepared by boiling finely powdered roast coffee beans in a pot (cezve), possibly with sugar, and serving it into a cup.

■ Every year more than 32 million foreign tourists visit TURKEY » 7th most visited country in the world

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