Introduction to renewable energy - Cap 1

8/18/2019 Introduction to renewable energy - Cap 1

1/25

8/24/20

RENEWABLE ENERGIES

2023284

Period: 2015-1I

Introduction to Renewable Energy

Lecture schedule:

Introduction

Energy Worldwide

Environmental and global problems

regarding energy production

Overview of traditional energy sources Review of renewable energy systems

Pros and cons of alternative energy

processes

Introduction to Ren. Systems Dr.-Ing. Carlos Andrés Forero August 24, 2015 2


2/25

8/24/20

Remarkable things to think about

Where and when do we need energy?

Could we live without energy?

Which types of energy do you know?

Introduct ion to Ren. Sys tems Dr. -Ing. Car los Andrés Forero August 24, 2015 3

Humanity´s top ten problems forthe next 50 years

Democracy

Disease

Education

Energy

Environment

Food

Population

Poverty

Terrorism & War

Water

Introduct ion toRen. Sys tems Dr. -Ing. Car los Andrés Forero August 24, 2015 4

1. Energy

2. Water

3. Food

4. Environment

5. Poverty

6. Terrorism

7. Disease

8. Education

9. Democracy

10. Population


3/25

8/24/20

Population growth

Population growth is increasing theenergy demand worldwide

Introduction to Ren. Systems Carlos Andrés Forero August 24, 2015 5

Population growth

Population growth is increasing the

energy demand worldwide



4/25

8/24/20

Population growth



Population growth





5/25

8/24/20

Population growth



Population growth





6/25

8/24/20

Population growth



Energy consumption

Population growth affects the energy

demand worldwide


Source: IEA, 2012


7/25

8/24/20

Energy consumption

Likewise, electricity consumption rose up.


Source: IEA, 2012

Energy flow at different scenarios

How do we use energy worldwide?


Source: www.iea.org


8/25

8/24/20


How is the energy flow in Brazil?


Source: www.iea.org


In Sweden


Source: www.iea.org


9/25

8/24/20


In Colombia


Source: www.iea.org

Anthropogenic effects on theenvironmentFossil fuels are so important to our life, buttheir combustion causes…

Greenhouse gas emissions

Global warming

Acid rains

Unsafe drinking water

Hazardous / solid waste disposal

Loss of plants and animal species

Ocean Acidification



10/25

8/24/20

Global Warming


Greenhouse Gases

Species SourcesResidence

Time (yr)GWP % Contribution

Water vaporNatural processes;

HC Combustion---

CO2Natural processes;

HC Combustion50 – 200 1 56

CH4Organic decay;

HC Combustion12 21 18

O3 Natural Processes 7

N2O

Microbial processes;

Agriculture

Waste & sewage

treatment

HC Combustion

120 310 6

CFC´s & HCFC´s Anthropogenic 60 – 10000 1000-10000 13



11/25

8/24/20

CO2 emissions

CO2 emissions could not be neglected


Source: IEA, 2012

Energy consumption and CO2production

Please check this video at least once

Video


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y-0nOo5hYcMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y-0nOo5hYcMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y-0nOo5hYcM


12/25

8/24/20

Considering these problems, we must develop

different technologies capable of harnessingrenewable sources and producing clean

sustainable energy


Renewable energy sources:

◦ Are available faster than fossil fuels, and their

consumption rate is slower than their production rate

Clean systems:

◦ Do not produce environmental assessment or

hazardous wastes

Uncommon or alternative sources:

◦ Depend upon the location, because something

common here can result uncommon in other country.

Basic concepts



13/25

8/24/20

Sustainable development:

Some definitions:

◦ “Meeting the need of the present generations without

compromising the ability of future generations to

meet their needs” Brundtland, 1987

◦ “Process of change in which the exploitation of

resources, the direction of investments, the orientation

of technical development, and institutional change are

all in harmony and enhance both current and future

potential to meet human needs and aspirations”

Basic concepts


Renewable energy resources organized by the

main source

Renewable energy resources


Renewablesources

Solar radiation

Solar power

Wind power

Biomass

Hydropower

Wave energy

Ocean Thermalgradient

Gravitationaleffect

Tidal energy

Thermalgradient

Geothermal


14/25

8/24/20

These resources have a so valuable potential

Renewable energy


Renewable energy share of global final energy

consumption, 2011

Renewables into the energy market


Source: REN21, 2013


15/25

8/24/20

Renewable energy share of global final electricityproduction, 2010

Renewables into the energy market


Source: REN21, 2013

Renewable energy installed capacity


Added during 2012 Existing at end of 2012

Power Generation (GW)

Hydropower 30 990

Wind power 45 283

Biomass power 9 83

Solar PV 29 100

Geothermal Power 0,3 11,7

Concentrating Solar Power 1 2,5

Ocean Power 0 0,5

Hot water/Heating (GWth)

Modern Biomass Heating 3 293

Solar collectors for heating 32 255

Geothermal heating 8 66

Transport fuels (Billion liters/year)

Biodiesel production 0,1 22,5

Ethanol production -1,1 83,1


16/25

8/24/20

Annual global new investment slightly decreased,but, however, the trend moves upwards

Renewable energy


Some causes of this decrease:

• International economic cr isis

• Uncertain policy environments

• Declining policy support

Source: REN21, 2013

Nevertheless, there are some policies which

promote the use of renewable energy systems,

e.g.:

- 20,20,20 policy

- Feed in tariffs (FIT´s)- Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPSs)

- New building codes and standards

In Colombia: PROURE and Proyecto de ley 278 de 2013

(3,5 to 6,5 renewable in SIN 2015-2020)

Renewable energy



17/25

8/24/20

Scenarios up to 2050

Renewable energy


Source: REN21, 2013

OVERVIEW OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

SYSTEMS



18/25

8/24/20

It provides about 20% of the world electricity.In the developing countries, proportion rises

up to 40%

Hydropower


The amount of solar energy incident on the

Earth is equivalent to 160 times the energy

stored in the world´s proven reserves of fossil

fuels

From these sources, the developed systems

can produce either heat or electricity

◦ Solar thermal collectors

◦ Photovoltaic panels

Solar power



19/25

8/24/20

From simple systems for water heating tocomplex power plants capable of delivering

electricity.

Solar collectors


From simple systems for water heating to

complex power plants capable of delivering

electricity.

Solar collectors



20/25

8/24/20

Devices capable of transforming solar radiationinto electrical current.

Photovoltaic systems


External wall:

10 floor building

Wind power offers the chances of generating

electricity by using a free resource without

emitting pollutants

Wind Power



21/25

8/24/20

On- or off-shore wind power systems arecommercially available.

Wind Power


Dimensions affect the power capacity; bigger

systems transform more energy. Although, how

much can the size increase?

Wind Power



22/25

8/24/20

Sustainable

processes

Biomass


Wide variety of processes

Biomass



23/25

8/24/20

Geothermal power results from heat stored inrocks by Earth´s natural heat flow

Geothermal energy


Feasibility depends upon the location

Geothermal energy


Worldwide geothermal temperature levels

Depth in the layer with dT=170 K


24/25

8/24/20

Some plants operate near the boundariesbetween tectonic plates, and over the ring of

fire.

Geothermal energy


In this field, we can find tidal, wave power, and

ocean thermal gradient.

Ocean power



25/25

8/24/20

Pros Cons

Low emissions Cost (time dependent)

Sustainable Intermittent

Huge potential Noise (not everyone)

Free fuel Geographically dependent

Decentralized generation Low energy density

Employment (5,7 million people) New infrastructure required

New industries creation Low conversion efficiency

Pros and Cons


Supply side Demand side

CCS Fossil fuel power generation Energy efficiency in buildings and

appliances

Nuclear power plants Heat pumps

On- and offshore wind Water heating

Biomass IGCC and co-firing Energy efficiency in transport

PV´s systems H2 fuel cell vehicles

Concentrating solar power CCS in industries

Coal: IGCC Industrial motor systems

Coal: supercritical Rural energy

Second generation biofuels More capable professionals

What do we have vs our needs


Date post:	06-Jul-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	lhhortuah
View:	214 times
Download:	0 times

Introduction to renewable energy - Cap 1

Documents