Investigation of wind damage processes by Typhoon Yolanda, identification of effective damage
reduction measures, and its facilitation to recovery workKazuyoshi Nishijima, DPRI, Kyoto UniversityMary Ann Espina, College of Architecture, University of the Philippines, Diliman
Japan-Philippine Urgent Collaborative Projects regarding “Typhoon Yolanda” within the J-RAPID Program
PCIEERDDOST
⻄嶋⼀欽 京都⼤学防災研究所 2会議名 発表タイトル Kazuyoshi Nishijima and Mary Ann Espina 2JST J-RAPID Final reporting workshop
Aim of the project• To propose an improved wind design method, • for the purpose of effective wind damage reductions in future
typhoon events• by identifying physical processes of wind damages to residential
and school buildings during the Typhoon Yolanda.
What our team achieved are:• To propose an improved wind design method, • for the purpose of effective wind damage reductions in future
typhoon events• by identifying physical processes of wind damages to residential
and school buildings during the Typhoon Yolanda.
ArchitectsArch/civilengineers
⻄嶋⼀欽 京都⼤学防災研究所 3会議名 発表タイトル Kazuyoshi Nishijima and Mary Ann Espina 3JST J-RAPID Final reporting workshop
Our teamUniversity of the Philippines, Diliman• Mary Ann Espina (Philippine leader)• Jaime Hernandez• Liezl Raissa Tan• Howell Tungol
Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University• Kazuyoshi Nishijima (Japan leader)• Hiroaki Nishimura• Takashi Maruyama
Tokyo Polytechnic University• Masahiro Matsui• Akihito Yoshida• Yukio Tamura
⻄嶋⼀欽 京都⼤学防災研究所 4会議名 発表タイトル Kazuyoshi Nishijima and Mary Ann Espina 4JST J-RAPID Final reporting workshop
Our teamUniversity of the Philippines, Diliman• Mary Ann Espina (Philippine leader)• Jaime Hernandez• Liezl Raissa Tan• Howell Tungol
Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University• Kazuyoshi Nishijima (Japan leader)• Hiroaki Nishimura• Takashi Maruyama
Tokyo Polytechnic University• Masahiro Matsui• Akihito Yoshida• Yukio Tamura
• Alexis Acacio• Mario delos Reyes
⻄嶋⼀欽 京都⼤学防災研究所 5会議名 発表タイトル Kazuyoshi Nishijima and Mary Ann Espina 5JST J-RAPID Final reporting workshop
JST J-RAPID project timeline
Typhoon Yolanda impact
2014.01 2014.04 2014.08 2015.04
2013.11 2014.06 2014.12 2015.022014.03
2015.01
DPRI-KU first survey
Project start
Tan stays at DPRI
Analysis completed
We are now here
JST matching
P-J joint survey
Espina visit to DPRIStart implementation
Wind tunnel experiment
Material tests
18 months
⻄嶋⼀欽 京都⼤学防災研究所 7会議名 発表タイトル Kazuyoshi Nishijima and Mary Ann Espina 7JST J-RAPID Final reporting workshop
Panay
DPRI-KU first survey
⻄嶋⼀欽 京都⼤学防災研究所 8会議名 発表タイトル Kazuyoshi Nishijima and Mary Ann Espina 8JST J-RAPID Final reporting workshop
Panay
DPRI-KU first survey
⻄嶋⼀欽 京都⼤学防災研究所 9会議名 発表タイトル Kazuyoshi Nishijima and Mary Ann Espina 9JST J-RAPID Final reporting workshop
Pastrana, Leyte
DPRI-KU first survey
School building
⻄嶋⼀欽 京都⼤学防災研究所 10会議名 発表タイトル Kazuyoshi Nishijima and Mary Ann Espina 10JST J-RAPID Final reporting workshop
Guiuan
DPRI-KU first survey
Non-engineered house
⻄嶋⼀欽 京都⼤学防災研究所 11会議名 発表タイトル Kazuyoshi Nishijima and Mary Ann Espina 11JST J-RAPID Final reporting workshop
DPRI-KU first survey
• Significant damages to school buildings and non-engineered houses
This is the motivation of our JST J-RAPID project!
Important infrastructure Risk left behindIgnored by engineeringresearch communities
⻄嶋⼀欽 京都⼤学防災研究所 12会議名 発表タイトル Kazuyoshi Nishijima and Mary Ann Espina 12JST J-RAPID Final reporting workshop
JST J-RAPID project timeline
Typhoon Yolanda impact
2014.01 2014.04 2014.08 2015.04
2013.11 2014.06 2014.12 2015.022014.03
2015.01
DPRI-KU first survey
Project start
Tan stays at DPRI
Analysis completed
We are now here
JST matching
P-J joint survey
Espina visit to DPRIStart implementation
Wind tunnel experiment
Material tests
⻄嶋⼀欽 京都⼤学防災研究所 13会議名 発表タイトル Kazuyoshi Nishijima and Mary Ann Espina 13JST J-RAPID Final reporting workshop
P-J joint survey
Leyte islandEast coast
GuiuanSketching Sampling
Briefing
Surveyed location
Google map
⻄嶋⼀欽 京都⼤学防災研究所 14会議名 発表タイトル Kazuyoshi Nishijima and Mary Ann Espina 14JST J-RAPID Final reporting workshop
P-J joint survey
Weak point identification
• Roof covering• Roof-column connection• Column-foundation connection
(This photo was taken in the first survey.)
⻄嶋⼀欽 京都⼤学防災研究所 15会議名 発表タイトル Kazuyoshi Nishijima and Mary Ann Espina 15JST J-RAPID Final reporting workshop
Wind tunnel experiment
24
A
B
C
240
128
208
Wind directionθ
: Outer pressure point: Inner pressure point
Opening
17°
32
Wind
Boundary Layer Wind tunnelDPRI, Kyoto University
⻄嶋⼀欽 京都⼤学防災研究所 16会議名 発表タイトル Kazuyoshi Nishijima and Mary Ann Espina 16JST J-RAPID Final reporting workshop
Wind tunnel experiment
Time series
‐6.0
‐5.0
‐4.0
‐3.0
‐2.0
‐1.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Cp,net
t(sec)
Net Pressure Coefficients (θ=300deg.)
Ridge Corner Soffit
‐6.0
‐5.0
‐4.0
‐3.0
‐2.0
‐1.0
0.0
1.0
0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315 360
Cp,net
θ(deg.)
Mean Min. Net Pressure Coefficients
Ridge Corner Soffit
θ=300°
Assessment of wind load effects
Ridge Corner
Soffit
θ=300°
Unique characteristics of wind loading was observed, which arises due to its large openings
⻄嶋⼀欽 京都⼤学防災研究所 18会議名 発表タイトル Kazuyoshi Nishijima and Mary Ann Espina 18JST J-RAPID Final reporting workshop
Material tests
(a) Roof covering failure
(c) Column-foundation connection failure
(b) Roof-column connection failure
Considered failure modes
⻄嶋⼀欽 京都⼤学防災研究所 19会議名 発表タイトル Kazuyoshi Nishijima and Mary Ann Espina 19JST J-RAPID Final reporting workshop
Material tests
Pull-out
Connection failure
Pull-over
Shear tear-out
Test devices
⻄嶋⼀欽 京都⼤学防災研究所 20会議名 発表タイトル Kazuyoshi Nishijima and Mary Ann Espina 20JST J-RAPID Final reporting workshop
Material tests
Resistance modeling (for pull-over failure)
Test result Probabilistic Modeling**Not differentiated according to coco lumber densityResistance changes significantly as a
function of coco lumber density
Smooth shank
⻄嶋⼀欽 京都⼤学防災研究所 21会議名 発表タイトル Kazuyoshi Nishijima and Mary Ann Espina 21JST J-RAPID Final reporting workshop
Analysis completed
Structural system analysis
Wind
Object 1. GI sheet
Object 2. Roof
Object 3. Wall
Link 1
Link 2
Link 3
Critical fastener (Link 1) θ=270°
θ=360°Critical wind direction
Critical connection- Roof-column (Link 2)- Column-foundation (Link 3)
Rafter
Beam
Assumed scenario (wind direction, failure mechanism)
⻄嶋⼀欽 京都⼤学防災研究所 22会議名 発表タイトル Kazuyoshi Nishijima and Mary Ann Espina 22JST J-RAPID Final reporting workshop
Link 3 failure probability increases when Link 1 resistance increases.This is because: if GI sheet does not fail, the house carries more wind load, whichcan lead to failure of connections.Lesson: Care must be taken to reinforce one part, without considering its effect to the whole.
Analysis completed
Only valid under assumed condition and the assumptions should be further examined.
If wind direction is assumed to be uniform and random, the failure probability may decrease by a few factors. Annual failure probability becomes 10%~20%. Expected failure time becomes 5 to 10 years.
⻄嶋⼀欽 京都⼤学防災研究所 23会議名 発表タイトル Kazuyoshi Nishijima and Mary Ann Espina 23JST J-RAPID Final reporting workshop
Observed Damages and Evaluation of Component
Failures
Analysis completed
⻄嶋⼀欽 京都⼤学防災研究所 24会議名 発表タイトル Kazuyoshi Nishijima and Mary Ann Espina 24JST J-RAPID Final reporting workshop
Analysis completed
⻄嶋⼀欽 京都⼤学防災研究所 25会議名 発表タイトル Kazuyoshi Nishijima and Mary Ann Espina 25JST J-RAPID Final reporting workshop
We are now here
Main findings:• fasteners and connections are weak points• construction materials locally available are limited• construction materials are not used in effective manners• non-engineered houses can fail due to strong wind with the return
period of less than 10 years.
*Technical summary is reported at the annual convention 2015Nishijima, K. et al., Evaluation of wind resistant performance of a non-engineered buildings in the middle of the Philippines, Part I – III.
We are ready to provide architects with answers for wind-resistant performance improvement.
⻄嶋⼀欽 京都⼤学防災研究所 26会議名 発表タイトル Kazuyoshi Nishijima and Mary Ann Espina 26JST J-RAPID Final reporting workshop
Build Back Better - Philippines: The Science and Technology of Designing and Planning Sites and Buildings for Disaster Resilience
minnesota.publicradio.org
⻄嶋⼀欽 京都⼤学防災研究所 27会議名 発表タイトル Kazuyoshi Nishijima and Mary Ann Espina 27JST J-RAPID Final reporting workshop
Build Back Better - Philippines: The Science and Technology of Designing and Planning Sites and Buildings for Disaster Resilience
WHAT CAN THE UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES DO FOR THE REBUILDING OF --
TYPHOON HAIYAN-STRICKEN AREAS OF TACLOBAN AND SAMAR?
EARTHQUAKE-STRICKEN AREAS OF BOHOL?
⻄嶋⼀欽 京都⼤学防災研究所 28会議名 発表タイトル Kazuyoshi Nishijima and Mary Ann Espina 28JST J-RAPID Final reporting workshop
Build Back Better - Philippines: The Science and Technology of Designing and Planning Sites and Buildings for Disaster Resilience
yolandatyphoonhouse.blogspot.com smarthouseidea.comUnited Architects of the Philippines
www.digplanet.com sibonga.com
⻄嶋⼀欽 京都⼤学防災研究所 29会議名 発表タイトル Kazuyoshi Nishijima and Mary Ann Espina 29JST J-RAPID Final reporting workshop
Build Back Better - Philippines: The Science and Technology of Designing and Planning Sites and Buildings for Disaster ResilienceThe Science and Technology of Designing and Planning Sites and Buildings for Disaster Resilience
COLLABORATIVE TEAMS
ARCHITECTUREURBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING
CIVIL ENGINEERING
BBBUNIVERSITY OF
THE PHILIPPINES
J-RAPIDKYOTO
UNIVERSITY
⻄嶋⼀欽 京都⼤学防災研究所 30会議名 発表タイトル Kazuyoshi Nishijima and Mary Ann Espina 30JST J-RAPID Final reporting workshop
Build Back Better - Philippines: The Science and Technology of Designing and Planning Sites and Buildings for Disaster Resilience
Site survey conducted by J-Rapid and BBB in Tacloban City, Leyte on June 24-28, 2014.
⻄嶋⼀欽 京都⼤学防災研究所 31会議名 発表タイトル Kazuyoshi Nishijima and Mary Ann Espina 31JST J-RAPID Final reporting workshop
Build Back Better - Philippines: The Science and Technology of Designing and Planning Sites and Buildings for Disaster Resilience
What the survey accomplished for BBB:
o Assessment on the types of damage incurred on the architecture and structure of selected residential and school buildings by Typhoon Yolanda.
⻄嶋⼀欽 京都⼤学防災研究所 32会議名 発表タイトル Kazuyoshi Nishijima and Mary Ann Espina 32JST J-RAPID Final reporting workshop
Build Back Better - Philippines: The Science and Technology of Designing and Planning Sites and Buildings for Disaster Resilience
What the survey accomplished for BBB:
o Assessment on the role of materials and construction methods of the surveyed buildings in the failure to withstand typhoon stress.
⻄嶋⼀欽 京都⼤学防災研究所 33会議名 発表タイトル Kazuyoshi Nishijima and Mary Ann Espina 33JST J-RAPID Final reporting workshop
Build Back Better - Philippines: The Science and Technology of Designing and Planning Sites and Buildings for Disaster Resilience
What the survey accomplished for BBB:
o Assessment on the role of the buildingsʼ geographical location, site orientation and building configuration in the failure to withstand typhoon stress.
⻄嶋⼀欽 京都⼤学防災研究所 34会議名 発表タイトル Kazuyoshi Nishijima and Mary Ann Espina 34JST J-RAPID Final reporting workshop
Build Back Better - Philippines: The Science and Technology of Designing and Planning Sites and Buildings for Disaster Resilience
What the survey accomplished for BBB:
o Assessment on the abilities and limitations of surveyed community to rebuild after typhoon event.
⻄嶋⼀欽 京都⼤学防災研究所 35会議名 発表タイトル Kazuyoshi Nishijima and Mary Ann Espina 35JST J-RAPID Final reporting workshop
Build Back Better - Philippines: The Science and Technology of Designing and Planning Sites and Buildings for Disaster Resilience
What BBB hopes to accomplish in 2016:
To produce a Practical Guide for Designing and Planning Sites and Buildings for Typhoon- and Earthquake-Disaster ResilienceTo explain the effects of typhoons and earthquakes on sites and building structures.To provide sample designs for three prototype resilient buildings – houses, schools and evacuation centers. To target homeowners and school builders, and, planners, architects, landscape architects, and engineers.
⻄嶋⼀欽 京都⼤学防災研究所 36会議名 発表タイトル Kazuyoshi Nishijima and Mary Ann Espina 36JST J-RAPID Final reporting workshop
The most important outcome
At last, but not least, both teams agreed to continue to collaborate for building back better the infrastructure by the Typhoon Yolanda!
⻄嶋⼀欽 京都⼤学防災研究所 37会議名 発表タイトル Kazuyoshi Nishijima and Mary Ann Espina 37JST J-RAPID Final reporting workshop
Special thanks to• JST J-RAPID for not only financial support but also support in
matching us.
Also thanks to • Kazuhide Tomisaka, DPRI, Kyoto University• Ayako Namigishi, DPRI, Kyoto Universityfor supporting to conduct the wind tunnel experiments and material tests.
